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36-667: Since its introduction, the Sambar has used a rear engine, rear wheel drive layout with body-on-frame rather than unibody construction. The first two generations used the air-cooled engine from the Subaru 360 and later generations used the water-cooled engine from the Subaru Rex , Vivio and the Pleo . Four-wheel drive became optional in 1980. Sambar models were manufactured in China as

72-531: A ladder frame construction, with a rear torsion bar trailing arm suspension. The reverse gearshift position was a left-pattern selection, instead of a right-pattern selection, and the EK series engine could be accessed via a hatch inside the vehicle. Maximum power from the two-stroke twin was 18 PS (13.2 kW; 17.8 bhp). As with the Subaru 360, front doors were rear-hinged. Rear doors were front-hinged, with

108-433: A chassis and drivetrain while making changes to bodywork and interiors relatively easy, thus keeping costs down and minimizing design time. Over time the technology for unibody construction became economically feasible, assisted in recent decades by computer-aided design . in addition, modern creature comforts, luxury and power-assisted features, and extensive safety reinforcement of vehicles have all added substantial weight,

144-408: A decade later. Europe's custom-made or "coachbuilt" cars usually contained some wood framing or used aluminium alloy castings. Towards the beginning of international automobile assembly and construction, most manufacturers created rolling chassis consisting of a powertrain, suspension, steering column and a fuel tank that was then sent to a coachbuilder that added the body, interior and upholstery to

180-491: A full "B" pillar to enhance body stiffness instead of the approach used by the Nissan Prairie which had the front and rear doors interlock. Minor horsepower improvements were introduced in 1977 along with an increase in the width of the vehicle. A sunroof was added to the options list in 1979. 4WD was introduced as an option in 1980, on both the van and truck bodystyles, coinciding with the same feature being offered on

216-402: A rear cargo hatch. Provisional camping bunk beds were available. Commercial variants of the Sambar was marketed for delivery use, nicknamed the " kuchibiru ([lower] lip) " Sambar, inspired by a competior, the 1959–1961 Kurogane Baby . Other competitors included the front-engined Suzulight Carry which placed the engine in front of the driver, but also adopted the cabover approach in 1966, and

252-409: A separate body or coach is mounted on a strong and relatively rigid vehicle frame or chassis that carries the powertrain (the engine and drivetrain ) and to which the wheels and their suspension , brakes, and steering are mounted. Whereas this was the original method of building automobiles, body-on-frame construction is now used mainly for pickup trucks , large SUVs , and heavy trucks . In

288-544: A similar layout for the Sambar 5 (K75 truck, K76 panel van, K85 van). This was naturally sold as the Subaru 500 in export markets. This was in turn soon replaced by a full 550 cc (EK23) model, the K77/87 of March 1977. In export, the Sambar 550 was known as the Subaru 600. This model saw the introduction of a sliding side door added on both sides (although a version without the driver's side door remained available), with

324-458: Is the first time the Sambar is a semi- cabover vehicle, the engine was installed in the front of the vehicle, between the front passengers, and driven by the rear wheels , and continuing to offer on demand four-wheel-drive . In 2014, the Sambar truck was discontinued and updated to S500 Hijet generation, while the Sambar van/Dias Wagon stayed on the S321 platform. The eighth-generation Sambar Truck

360-517: The EF engine is no longer manufactured. To address safety concerns with side impact resistance, on 1 October 1998 the width restriction for kei vehicles was increased to 1,480 mm (58.3 in) and the sixth generation Sambar was widened accordingly. July 18, 2008, items that were included were dual front passenger airbags, power sliding rear doors, power windows, and leather interior on upper trim level models. On June 26, 2007, an article appeared in

396-477: The Rex to reduce emissions. Claimed maximum power remained the same, but at a much higher engine speed (7500 rpm) and with considerably lower torque figures than the earlier two-stroke type. This model saw the introduction of an electric window washer pump to improve driver visibility. Because of regulations changes, only three months later the engine was again upgraded with a 490 cc displacement (EK22) engine of

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432-494: The Subaru Rex . May 9, 1982 is when the fourth generation model appeared (KR), with one-box van models marketed as "Sambar Try." The Try was available as a Van with a high or a regular roof, and as a high-roofed passenger model (model code KR). The suspension was upgraded to a four-wheel independent layout with MacPherson struts for the front wheels. The wheel size increased from 10 inches to 12 inches, thereby accommodating larger drum brakes used at all four wheels. The 4WD

468-547: The " Gōriki (Herculean strength) " Sambar due to an advertising campaign at the time. The first series still carried a two-stroke two-cylinder 356 cc engine but by now water-cooled. Maximum power is 28 PS (21 kW) at 5500 rpm. The engine code was EK34, the truck received the K71 model code while the van was called K81. As of February 1976, the engine was upgraded to the EK21 four-stroke water-cooled version introduced in

504-482: The 1964 Daihatsu Hijet cabover. The Subaru cabover configuration followed the 1950 Volkswagen Type 2 , and was introduced the same year as the 1961 Ford Econoline , and the 1961 Chevrolet Greenbrier . The redesigned Sambar debuted in January 1966 with revised styling and a truck variant. The second generation is nicknamed the " baban " Sambar. The Sambar continued to use the 356 cc EK31 engine, but now in

540-419: The 20 PS (14.7 kW; 19.7 hp) iteration used in the Subaru 360 since July 1964. A raised roof for extended headroom was added to the options list in 1968. Starting with the 1970 model year, the engine was accessed from outside the vehicle, and the front doors were conventionally hinged. To enhance safety a full padded dash pad was introduced, sharing the dashboard panel from the new R–2 . Along with

576-799: The 3-cylinder EF10 1000 cc engine starting in 1983. This bigger version of the Sambar was available in Europe from 1983 and went by several names, such as the Subaru Sumo , Libero , Domingo , and Columbuss. The small-bodied version went by the name of Subaru 700 in the few markets where it was available. It went on sale in the United Kingdom in August 1985, in Van form only and with either rear- or four-wheel drive. Subaru's plans involved selling only about 500 examples per year, divided evenly between

612-506: The 700 was also offered with four-wheel drive. In May 1986 retracting seat belts became standard fitment and the TG version of the Sambar Try replaced the earlier TX-G. January 9, 1987 saw the commercial one-box versions renamed Sambar Van, while the high roofed passenger version retained the Sambar Try name. Front disc brakes were added to the options list. Full-time 4WD was available towards

648-578: The Japanese newspaper Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun , claiming that due to the investment by Toyota in Fuji Heavy Industries, the parent company of Subaru, all production of kei class vehicles made by Subaru would end and be replaced by Toyota-owned Daihatsu models rebadged as Subarus. This would allow Subaru to focus on their core business of four-wheel-drive family cars with horizontally opposed engines; kei car sales are almost entirely limited to

684-529: The Sambar's engine was upgraded to 660 cc. For the 4WD version it sold as Subaru Dias Wagon as a permanent trim model. Commercials in Japan used Kuniko Yamada, a Japanese comedian . The tradition of using the engine in Subaru's kei car offering was continued, with the Subaru Vivio sharing its EN07 engine with this version of the Sambar. The engine now had four cylinders and 40 PS (29 kW) in

720-675: The United States continued to use separate bodies on "conventional" frames. Body-on-frame remains the preferred construction method for heavy-duty commercial vehicles (especially those intended to carry or pull heavy loads, such as trucks and some sport utility vehicles (SUVs)) but as production volumes rise, increasing numbers of SUVs and crossover SUVs are switching to unibody frames. Mass-market manufacturers Ford , General Motors , and Chrysler are abandoning true body-on-frame SUVs, opting, when sales volume permits, for more efficient unibody construction. Toyota currently manufactures

756-736: The [三八] as well as in Finland in a joint venture with Elcat Automotive . Passenger variants of the Sambar were later marketed as the Subaru Dias Wagon . With the Sambar, named after a species of deer, Subaru may have borrowed from the Type 2 (1951–1967) van — using a marketing name very similar to the Volkswagen's upper trim level, the Samba , and using a similar rear-drive, rear air-cooled engine, cabover configuration. The Sambar

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792-515: The ability to offset this with unibody construction has proven advantageous. A handful of small passenger vehicles switched to unibody construction by the end of the 1930s. The trend had started with cars like the Citroën Traction Avant (1934) and Opel Olympia (a General Motors design) introduced in 1935, and the short-lived, aborted Chrysler Airflow . Trucks , bus manufacturers , and large low-volume cars or those made in

828-593: The carburetted standard model; 55 PS (40 kW) was on tap in the optional supercharged model, coupled with fuel injection. An automatic transmission was offered in the form of Subaru's ECVT system in tandem with full-time 4WD and a viscous coupling differential. 1994 saw a full model change for the Domingo, using the new Sambar design coupled to the Subaru Justy 's EF12 SOHC three-cylinder engine displacing 1200 cc. A maximum seating capacity of seven

864-471: The customers specific requests. In contrast, unibody or monocoque designs, where panels within the body supported the car on its suspension, were developed by European manufacturers in the late 1920s with Budd USA (which had a number of large factories in Europe) and its technical knowhow. Because of the high cost of designing and developing these structures and the high cost of specialised machinery to make

900-585: The domestic Japanese market and were not cost effective for such a small manufacturer. In September 2009, the passenger version of the Sambar introduced as the Subaru Dias Wagon, a rebadged version of the Daihatsu Atrai van. The seventh generation of the Sambar truck was later introduced to Japan on April 2, 2012 as a badge engineered Daihatsu Hijet Van/Truck, but the passenger variant (Dias Wagon) had already been produced since 2009. This

936-480: The drivetrain types. The primary difference between the Sambar and the larger-engined variants is the extension of both the front and rear bumpers to aid in occupant protection. The larger Domingo (and its various iterations) isn't considered "kei class" because the dimensions exceed the requirements and the engine displacement is larger than regulations allow. The fifth generation Sambar was introduced in 1990. Engine regulations for displacement size were increased and

972-512: The end of this generations product cycle. In April 1989, a six-valve engine producing 34 PS (25 kW; 34 bhp) joined the regular engine in high-end versions of the Try and the Sambar truck. The EN05 four-cylinder engine later used in the Rex was never fitted to the KR/KT Sambar, as it would require re-engineering to be a replacement platform. The enlarged Domingo was available with

1008-559: The facelift, the engine was also updated (EK33) and now produced 26 PS (19.1 kW; 25.6 hp). The styling was also revised, adding a faux front grille to create a more modern appearance as well as bringing the corporate look of the all new compact Subaru Leone . The Sambar saw new competitors, the Mazda Porter in 1968, and the Honda Vamos in 1970. The third generation appeared 10 February 1973, this one nicknamed

1044-438: The large pressings required by this style of construction it is not used by low-volume manufacturers, who might construct an equivalent by welding steel tube to form a suitable space frame. The Ford Model T carried the tradition of body-on-frame over from horse-drawn buggies, helping to facilitate high volume manufacturing on a moving assembly line. The use of steel ladder and X frame chassis allowed numerous vehicles to share

1080-544: The late 19th century, the frames, like those of the carriages they replaced, might be made of wood (commonly ash ), reinforced by steel flitch plates , but in the early 20th century, steel ladder frames or chassis rapidly became standard. Mass production of all-metal bodies began with the Budd Company and the Dodge Brothers . All-metal bodies became common in the 1920s, except for Europe, which followed almost

1116-459: The most body-on-frame SUVs with the 4Runner , Sequoia , Land Cruiser , Lexus GX , and Lexus LX , followed by Nissan with the Patrol , Armada , and Infiniti QX56/80 . The following is a list of SUVs and light-duty pickup trucks that have a body-on-frame construction. The list is divided by vehicle category. List of Subaru engines#EK Too Many Requests If you report this error to

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1152-459: Was available for purchase May 2, 1999, and in 1998 kei class vehicle size regulations allowed for an increase in body size. The 4WD Dias is now only offered with a 3-speed automatic transmission, with the supercharger optioned engine power output increased to 58 PS (57 bhp). Carburetors are no longer used on the current version of the Subaru EN engine for the entire product line, and

1188-497: Was available with a dual-range transmission. An automatic clutch was offered in the Sambar Try FL and FX. While the home market Sambar came equipped with the 544 cc, 2-cylinder 28 PS (21 kW) EK23 engine, export versions (known as Subaru 700 ) received an enlarged 665 cc version of the same, producing 31 PS (23 kW) and 52 N⋅m (38 lb⋅ft) at 3,500 rpm. LHD versions were available and

1224-483: Was introduced in Japan on September 2, 2014 as a rebadged tenth-generation Daihatsu Hijet Truck . The eighth-generation Sambar Van was introduced in Japan in January 2022 as a rebadged eleventh-generation Daihatsu Hijet Cargo , which is built on the DNGA platform. The Dias Wagon passenger van was renamed to Sambar Dias. Body-on-frame Body-on-frame is a traditional motor vehicle construction method whereby

1260-727: Was possible. October 1995 saw the elimination of the ECVT transmission due to drivability issues and a 3-speed automatic was made available instead. A new option for naturally aspirated versions was the EMPi engine, producing 46 PS (34 kW). Special edition appearance packages were offered including a retro "Dias Classic", later available on the Sambar truck, influenced by the Subaru Vivio Bistro . A Sambar Dias Classic appears in Love Hina as Seta 's van. The sixth generation

1296-489: Was the second Kei truck (after the Kurogane) and was the last Kei-compliant vehicle to use a rear-engine, rear-drive layout. Introduced at the 1960 Tokyo Motor Show in passenger and commercial versions, the Sambar featured 4-wheel independent suspension, a rear engine, rear drive layout — and a one-box body configuration based on the Subaru 360 platform and inspired by the 1957 Fiat 600 Multipla . The chassis uses

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