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61-518: Sudley House is a historic house in Aigburth , Liverpool , England . Built in 1824 and much modified in the 1880s, it is now a museum and art gallery which contains the collection of George Holt , a shipping-line owner and former resident, in its original setting. It includes work by Thomas Gainsborough , Joshua Reynolds , Edwin Landseer , John Everett Millais and J. M. W. Turner . The house

122-550: A house flag from her foremast of three horizontal bars. The top and bottom bars are scarlet, and the middle bar is white defaced with the initials "L&H" in black. This remained Lamport and Holt's house flag throughout its 146 years of trading. The painting is now in George Holt junior's former home in Liverpool, Sudley House , which is now a museum and art gallery. When Lamport and Holt started to operate steamships in

183-694: A total loss . Lamport and Holt replaced Velasquez on the New York – River Plate route with the 10,117  GRT liner Vasari , which was built by Sir Raylton Dixon & Co and launched in 1909. She was considerably larger than Voltaire and the first Lamport and Holt ship of more than 10,000  GRT . Lamport and Holt decided that its route between Liverpool and the River Plate via Vigo , Leixões and Lisbon should also have 10,000  GRT liners, so in 1910 it ordered three sister ships from Workman, Clark & Co. The first to be delivered

244-454: A Brazilian cargo from one Brazilian port to another. In 1862 its National Congress voted to suspend this protectionism for the years 1863 and 1864. It repeated the suspension several times until 1873, when the suspension was made permanent. At first Lamport and Holt was the only foreign company to take up the new freedom. By the late 1860s it was running a coastal service between Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul . Lamport and Holt won

305-614: A Lamport and Holt ship had sailed directly between South America and the US. Lamport and Holt became a major operator on the route, establishing a triangular trade. Its ships took raw materials such as wheat from the US to the UK, manufactured goods from the UK to Brazil and coffee from Brazil to the US. A US company, the United States and Brazil Mail Steamship Company, tried to circumvent the triangular trade by taking manufactured products from

366-453: A high cost. The large amount of coal that had to be carried reduced space for cargo, so that many longer routes were economically unfeasible. A compound engine achieved much better fuel economy, but generally required higher boiler pressures than were currently allowed by the Board of Trade . In 1865 George Holt junior's brother Alfred Holt introduced Agamemnon , the first ship authorised by

427-571: A limited company, the Liverpool, Brazil and River Plate Steam Navigation Co Ltd, to own their steamships. However, they continued to own and operate sailing ships under the traditional system of 64 shares. Until the 1860s the Empire of Brazil banned foreign ships from the Brazilian coastal shipping trade. Foreign ships could bring imports to Brazil and take exports abroad, and they could move between Brazilian ports in doing so, but they could not take

488-498: A mail contract from the Brazilian government in 1868, soon followed by one with the UK General Post Office . In 1872 Brazil founded a Companhia Nacional de Navegação a Vapor ("National Steam Navigation Company"), but Lamport and Holt continued to compete with it for coastal trade. Early steamships had simple engines with high coal consumption. They offered more reliable journey times than sailing ships, but at

549-531: A railway engineer and became head of Lamport and Holt's engineering department. Another brother, Philip Holt, was a partner in Lamport and Holt. In 1866 Alfred and Philip Holt founded their own shipping company, which became Blue Funnel Line . Lamport and Holt continued to invest in sailing ships. In 1850 Charles Holt in Workington built the first of his ships for the partnership: the 407-ton Cathaya . In

610-623: Is Aiges' Berth, meaning the place where the Viking Aiges berthed his long boat. This is plausible because Aigburth is right on the Merseyside river mouth and not on a hill. The nearby hill has a Viking name Toxteth, which means the camp of Toces. The spelling Aigburgh (or, more rarely, Aighburgh ) is sometimes found in old publications and historical documents (for example, S. Lewis , A Topographical Dictionary of England (1848)), as well as in modern references to former residents and

671-425: Is a lively place with many independent shops, restaurants and bars. The Guardian published an article about Aigburth in 2007 in its 'Let's move to ...' series. The name Aigburth comes from Old Norse eik and berg , meaning oak-tree hill . The name can be interpreted as " hill where oak trees grow" and is a hybrid place-name : the first part of the name is from Old Norse eik meaning " oak tree " (which

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732-494: Is a suburb of Liverpool , England. Located to the south of the city, it is bordered by Toxteth and Dingle to the north, Mossley Hill to the east, and Grassendale to the south, with the River Mersey forming its western boundary. Historically a part of Lancashire , Aigburth is mainly residential and covers an area following Aigburth Road (A561) and the areas either side of it until it reaches Grassendale . The suburb

793-516: Is also situated in the area, at the bottom of Southwood Road. South Liverpool F.C. , Liverpool Cricket Club , a regular home venue of Lancashire County Cricket Club , and Sefton Park Cricket Club , are located in Aigburth. St Margaret's Cricket and Community Sports Centre houses Respect 4 All , an official charity of Liverpool Football Club offering free football sports coaching for the disabled. Lamport and Holt Lamport and Holt

854-544: Is covered by the Liverpool City Council wards of Aigburth and Mossley Hill . The current councillors are Dave Antrobus and Rob McAllister-Bell. The Aigburth Park halls of residence of Liverpool Hope University are located close to the railway line on St Michael's Road. Up towards Mossley Hill are the former University of Liverpool Carnatic Halls of Residence built in between Elmswood and Carnatic Roads. These are closed, pending redevelopment. On

915-867: Is found in Eikton in Cumbria and Eakring in Nottinghamshire ) and Old English beorg or berg meaning hill but as there is no real hill in Aigburth the sense here is more likely to be rising ground . Beorg or berg is more usually rendered -borough (as in Barlborough in Derbyshire ) or more rarely as -barrow (as in Backbarrow in Cumbria). The name was also recorded as Eikberei in an undated record. A possible other meaning of Aigburth

976-539: Is occasionally seen as an alternative (if incorrect) spelling today. The area was previously part of the Mossley Hill parliamentary constituency and, as such, returned David Alton (now Lord Alton of Liverpool) for many years. It is now part of the Liverpool Riverside constituency and returned Louise Ellman as MP in the 2005 and 2010 general elections. The current MP is Kim Johnson . The area

1037-630: Is to the south of Sefton Park and adjoins Otterspool Park, which leads to Otterspool Promenade on the Mersey . Housing in the district is mostly a mixture of terraced and semi detached homes, with large detached houses (mostly converted into flats or hotels) in Aigburth Drive overlooking Sefton Park and modern estates containing detached and semi detached houses in the Riverside Drive area. Lark Lane (between Aigburth Road and Sefton Park)

1098-520: The Crimean War (1853–56) the UK government chartered steamships to carry troops and cavalry and sailing ships to carry stores. In February 1856 a Lamport and Holt sailing ship, the 697-ton Simoda , was wrecked off the Dardanelles . The partnership replaced her with the newly built Agenoria which at 1,023 tons was the largest ship Lamport and Holt had yet owned. The first steamship in which

1159-520: The River Plate . Its vessels ranged from 300  GRT to 700  GRT . They were registered in Liverpool but their survey port was Montevideo or Buenos Aires . The company operated until about 1900. The lighter company's first ship was the 411  GRT Amadeo , built in Liverpool in 1884. In 1892 she was sold to Chilean owners and re-registered in Punta Arenas . In the 1930s she

1220-529: The sister ships Raeburn and Rosetti , both completed in 1900, which at 6,511  GRT and 6,540  GRT respectively were the largest ships in the Lamport and Holt fleet. All five of the livestock carriers had names beginning with "R", and although they were not all sisters they became called the "R-class". In 1902 Furness Withy put a pair of modern 3,900  GRT cargo liners up for sale. Alexander Stephen and Sons had built Evangeline in 1900 and Loyalist in 1901. Lamport and Holt bought them for

1281-442: The 1860s they adopted pale blue as the main colour for the funnel, with a black top and a white band below the white top. Early evidence for this includes a painting of a steamship, the 1,585  GRT Galileo that Lamport and Holt operated from 1864 to 1869. The blue was a pale shade like that of the flag of Argentina . In 1932 Liverpool City Council presented Lamport and Holt with the city's colours and granted permission for

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1342-593: The 1860s. Lamport and Holt was an independent partnership until 1911, when it became a limited company and the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (RMSP) took it over. RMSP collapsed as a result of the Royal Mail Case in 1931 but was reconstituted as Royal Mail Lines in 1932. Vestey Group bought Lamport and Holt in 1944 and absorbed it into its Blue Star Line subsidiary in 1991. For much of its history Lamport and Holt traded with

1403-517: The 1880s Lamport and Holt extended its trade to Valparaíso in Chile. This trade continued until 1896. In 1869 the LB&;RP Steam Navigation Co's 1,637  GRT steamship Halley became the first iron-hulled ship to carry coffee from Brazil to New York. Hitherto it was believed that an iron hull would taint the flavour of coffee, so it had to be carried in wooden-hulled ships. This was the first time

1464-459: The 7,542  GRT Velasquez in 1906. Workman, Clark and Company of Belfast completed the 7,877  GRT Veronese in 1906 and 7,120  GRT Verdi in 1907. Later in 1907 D&W Henderson completed the Voltaire , which at 8,615  GRT was Lamport and Holt's largest ship yet. All five of the new liners had names beginning with "V", and although they were not all sisters they were

1525-506: The Board of Trade to use the higher boiler pressure of 60 psi (410 kPa), so benefitting from her compound engine . This increased fuel efficiency, reduced coal consumption and enabled steamships to take more trade from sailing ships. Between 1864 and 1867 Lamport and Holt's LB&SP Navigation company bought 20 steamships, all but one of which were newly built to its own specification. The last sailing ship built for Lamport and Holt

1586-543: The Brazil Line went bankrupt in 1893. Since 1866 Lamport and Holt had traded with Antwerp and in 1877 they won a Belgian government mail contract to and from Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina . The contract required all ships on the service to be registered in Belgium, so Lamport and Holt founded a Belgian subsidiary, Societé de Navigation Royale Belge Sud-Americaine . In 1877 the 1,629  GRT steamship Copernicus

1647-619: The Brazil Line, which for the moment left Lamport and Holt without a competitor. In 1877 the Brazilian Emperor Pedro II of Brazil awarded the Brazil Line a new subsidy to operate compound steamships. City of Rio de Janeiro was built in Chester, Pennsylvania and launched in 1878. Lamport and Holt lobbied the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies to stop subsidising the Brazil Line. The Emperor temporarily paid

1708-440: The LB&SP fleet and renamed them Tennyson and Byron respectively. The pair had more passenger berths than was usual in the LB&SP fleet, so Lamport and Holt put them on the route between New York and the River Plate. The increase in passenger capacity on the route was a commercial success, so Lamport and Holt ordered four new liners with even more passenger capacity and refrigerated cargo space. Sir Raylton Dixon completed

1769-627: The US and left Brazil Line ships often sailing north only half-laden. In 1881 the Brazil Line again withdrew from the competition. City of Rio de Janeiro was sold to the Pacific Mail Steamship Company . In 1883 the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies awarded the Brazil Line a subsidy large enough to compete with Lamport and Holt. In 1890 the Brazil Line introduced two new ships. But UK-owned merchant houses, warehouses, insurers and banks supported Lamport and Holt, and

1830-482: The US to Brazil and coffee from Brazil to the US. But the company, popularly called simply the "Brazil Line", made the mistake of rejecting compound steam engines and continuing to use inefficient simple ones. Although both the Brazilian and US governments subsidized the Brazil Line, its high fuel costs prevented it from competing with Lamport and Holt's freight rates. In 1875 the US Government ended its subsidy to

1891-494: The art collection, which is described by ArtUK as being "the only British collection of its kind still in its original setting", were bequeathed to the city in 1944 by Emma Holt and is now (2016) managed by National Museums Liverpool. Sudley House closed for two years for a £1 million refurbishment, re-opening on 26 May 2007. This included redecorating in the Aesthetic style of George Holt's era and also significantly modifying

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1952-521: The business. Between 1898 and 1902 a dozen new steamships were completed for LB&SP. Five of these were designed to carry livestock on the hoof from Argentina to the UK. The smallest, the 4,501  GRT Romney completed in 1899, was built by Sir Raylton Dixon and Company on the River Tees . The other four were built by D. and W. Henderson and Company on the River Clyde . They included

2013-648: The collection are paintings by Richard Parkes Bonington , Edwin Landseer, John Everett Millais, Joshua Reynolds, George Romney and the Pre-Raphaelites . George Melly , the jazz singer, critic and art historian , who was related to the Holt family, has described aspects of life at Sudley House during his various childhood visits in the 1930s, when it was owned by George Holt's only child, Emma Georgina Holt . According to Melly, her father, who died in 1896, had left an estate valued at over £600,000. The house and

2074-514: The company to fly the city's civic flag when in port. It is the only shipping company to have been granted this privilege. William James Lamport (1815–1874) was born in Lancaster, Lancashire , the son of a Unitarian minister. In the 1830s he started work in the office of Gibbs, Bright and Company in Liverpool , where he learnt commerce and ship management . His brother Charles Lamport became

2135-624: The company was moved from Lamport and Holt's offices in Fenwick Street, Liverpool to the RMSP's offices in the Royal Liver Building . RMSP was also planning a fast ocean liner service with new ships between Britain and the River Plate. Until enough of its new ships were delivered, RMSP chartered Vauban to help to inaugurate the route between Southampton and Buenos Aires. This left Lamport and Holt with too few ships to offer

2196-493: The company's ships to fly the Liverpool Civic Flag when in port. At the same time Lamport and Holt darkened the blue of its funnels to match the civic colours. In 1936 the proportions of Lamport and Holt's funnel colours were in sevenths. The lowest three sevenths of the funnel were blue, the top two sevenths black and the two sevenths between were white. Lamport and Holt expanded their fleet. Their second ship

2257-456: The death of Robinson in 1854, the house passed to his two daughters, who died in 1883. The house and estate, comprising just under 30 acres (12 ha), was put up for sale in 1880. It became the home of Victorian shipping-line owner and merchant George Holt in 1884. Pevsner says that the original design was probably by John Whiteside Casson and was modified by James Rhind when Holt purchased it. However, National Museums Liverpool say that

2318-511: The east coast of South America , operating liner services there to and from New York, Britain and mainland Europe. from 1902 to 1928 it operated a significant passenger ocean liner service and from 1932 to 1939 it ran cruise ships . Lamport and Holt carried cargo for the UK government in the Crimean War , World War I , World War II and Falklands War . In each World War it operated troopships and lost numerous ships and personnel to enemy action. From 1932 Liverpool City Council authorised

2379-595: The first floor, where three new attractions were incorporated as follows: Pevsner says that those modifications create an architectural "tension" between showing the house as a house and as a museum. The ground floor library now includes a display about the Holt family. This includes an introductory film, family portraits and a model of the steamer Verdi , which belonged to the Lamport and Holt shipping company that George Holt had co-founded in 1845. Aigburth Aigburth ( / ˈ ɛ ɡ b ər θ / )

2440-682: The first of what became the "V-class". The route included calls in the Caribbean and at Salvador , Rio de Janeiro and Santos . Tennyson and Byron tended to work only as far south as Santos, while the "V-class" continued to the River Plate. On 16 October 1908 Velasquez was heading north with 137 passengers and a cargo of coffee and mail. After leaving Santos she ran into a high sea and thick fog and struck rocks off Ponta da Sela near Ilhabela in Brazil. Her passengers and crew were successfully transferred to her lifeboats , which stood off from

2501-464: The original architect is unknown, although there are features that suggest it may have been Thomas Harrison . The structural modifications, which involved moving the main entrance from the east facade to that of the north and also adding an office wing on the west, have significantly affected the interior. The original staircase with Doric fluted columns, above which is a dome and glazed oculus , became exposed and, according to Pevsner , this has left

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2562-451: The ownership of merchant ships was divided into 64 shares. George Lamport senior helped to establish the business by buying a controlling interest of 34 shares in the new ship. After barely two months, on 14 November, George senior transferred his shares to the young partners, making them the controlling owners. A mid-19th-century painting of the three-masted sailing ship Emma , which Lamport and Holt owned from 1847 to 1852, shows her flying

2623-402: The partnership by Walter Holland, who had been an apprentice with Lamport at Gibbs, Bright & Co. Another long-serving employee, Charles Jones, was also made a partner. In 1886 Lamport and Holt got its first contract to carry frozen meat from the River Plate. In 1887 the 1,501  GRT cargo steamship Thales was converted into the partnership's first refrigerated cargo ship . Also in

2684-494: The partnership had a controlling interest was the 189-ton Zulu which they bought in 1857 from Scotts in Greenock . But they sold her in 1858 and continued trade with a fleet of 17 sailing ships. In 1861 Lamport and Holt finally committed to operating steamships by obtaining the 1,290  GRT Memnon from Scotts. In 1862 Andrew Leslie of Hebburn , County Durham built the 1,372  GRT Copernicus to join her. Each of

2745-578: The piece of land between Mossley Hill Road and Barkhill Road is the IM Marsh Campus of Liverpool John Moores University , where the Faculty of Education, Health and Community is based. Secondary schools in Aigburth include St Margaret's Church of England Academy and Auckland College , a private school for ages 5–18. State primary schools in Aigburth are Sudley Infants and Sudley Juniors as well as St Michael-in-the-Hamlet Primary . Prior to

2806-485: The proprietor of a shipyard in Workington , Cumberland . George Holt, junior (1824–96) was one of five sons born to George Holt, senior (1790–1861) and his wife Emma. George senior was a cotton broker in Liverpool. George junior was apprenticed to the shipping line of Thomas and John Brocklebank , where he met WJ Lamport. In 1845 the two young men formed a partnership to own and manage merchant ships. WJ Lamport

2867-559: The reorganisation of secondary education in Liverpool in the 1980s, Aigburth was also home to Aigburth Vale Comprehensive School for Girls, formerly Aigburth Vale High School for Girls, which merged with Quarry Bank School to form Calderstones School . The area is served by Aigburth railway station on the Northern Line of the Merseyrail network, located some distance from larger residential areas. St Michaels railway station

2928-399: The service frequency it had planned from Liverpool. In 1913 RMSP returned Vauban to Lamport and Holt, having successfully forced the smaller company out of the route. Lamport and Holt then transferred Vandyck , Vauban and Vestris to strengthen its service between New York and the River Plate via Barbados and Trinidad, where they became the largest, quickest and most luxurious ships on

2989-453: The subsidy from his own budget. Lamport and Holt retaliated by scheduling its ships to leave Brazilian ports a few days before Brazil Line departures, and would even keep a ship stationed in Rio de Janeiro any time that a Brazil Line ship was in port. Lamport and Holt also waged a rate war against the Brazil Line. The British company thus managed to secure most of the Brazilian coffee cargoes to

3050-603: The surrounding internal features as "a bit of a mess". The new two-storey wing added two bays to the five that already existed on the south side, as well as a parapeted prospect tower to its rear. George Holt was an art collector whose collection derived mainly from purchases from dealers and at exhibitions rather than from commissions. Among his most significant purchases, which remain in the house today, were J. M. W. Turner's Rosenau , depicting Prince Albert 's home in Germany, and Gainborough's Viscountess Folkestone . Also among

3111-465: The two new steamships had an iron hull and was rigged as a brig . They joined James Moss & Co's steamships on a joint trade between Liverpool and the Mediterranean. Copernicus began Lamport and Holt's custom of naming its steamships after notable scientists and artists. Lamport and Holt operated purely as a partnership for their first two decades of trading. On 18 December 1865 they added

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3172-438: The wreck until daybreak. They then took everyone ashore at the beach of Praia do Veloso with no loss of life. On 17 October Lamport and Holt's 2,679  GRT steamship Milton left Santos to look for Velasquez . She found and rescued the passengers and crew on the beach, and salvaged the mails and some of the passengers' baggage from the wreck. Attempts to salvage Velasquez were unsuccessful and her insurers wrote her off as

3233-408: Was 30 years old and George Lamport junior was 21. Their original trade was cotton from Egypt to Liverpool to supply Lancashire cotton mills , but they soon expanded their trade to India , New Zealand, Australia, the US and South America. The partners' first ship was the 335 ton barque Christabel , which James Alexander of Workington built new for them and launched on 17 September. Traditionally

3294-406: Was a UK merchant shipping line . It was founded as a partnership in 1845, reconstituted as a limited company in 1911 and ceased trading in 1991. From 1845 until 1975 Lamport and Holt was headquartered in Liverpool . The founders of Booth Line and Blue Funnel Line had family links with the original partners in Lamport and Holt, and worked for them before founding their own steamship lines in

3355-967: Was a larger barque, the 677 ton Junior , which was built in Quebec . Her first captain was John Eils, who had 16 shares in her and became a minority investor in many of Lamport and Holt's early fleet. By 1850 the partnership had a fleet of 10 sailing ships. In 1850 Lamport and Holt started to invest in steamships by buying minority shares in ships operated by another Liverpool shipping line, James Moss & Co. Others who invested in James Moss's steamships in 1850 included WJ Lamport's cousin Charles Booth (1840–1916), who with his brother Alfred went on to found Alfred Booth and Company in 1863. Two of George Holt junior's brothers were apprenticed to Lamport and Holt: Alfred Holt from 1850 to 1857 and Charles Holt from 1855 to 1862. Alfred had been apprenticed to

3416-635: Was beached at San Gregorio in the Strait of Magellan . Her rusting hulk survives there to this day. In 1888 Lamport and Holt had a fleet of 50 ships totalling 93,331  GRT . In 1890 its number of ships peaked at 59, totalling 109,493  GRT . Thereafter the number of ships declined but the average tonnage per ship increased and so did the total tonnage of the fleet. In the 1890s three new partners joined Lamport and Holt: George Holt's nephew George Melly, Charles Jones' son Sidney Jones, and one Arthur Cook. George Holt died in 1896 after more than 50 years in

3477-467: Was bequeathed to the city of Liverpool by Holt's daughter, Emma Georgina Holt , in 1944 and is managed by National Museums Liverpool . Sudley, as it was originally known, was completed in 1824 on land formerly owned by the Tarleton family as a two-storey ashlar house for Nicholas Robinson , a corn merchant who was Lord Mayor of Liverpool in 1828–29. Robinson paid £4500 for the land. Upon

3538-534: Was the 1,350  GRT Sarah J. Ellis , which was completed in New Brunswick in 1869. Lamport and Holt sold her in 1871. The last sailing ship in the Lamport and Holt fleet may have been the Southern Queen , which was bought nearly new in 1866 and sold in 1880. WJ Lamport died in 1874 aged 59. At the time of his death the fleet had 31 ships and totalled 48,236  GRT . Lamport was succeeded in

3599-677: Was the 10,327  GRT Vandyck , launched in June 1911. She was followed by the 10,660  GRT Vauban in January 1912 and 10,494  GRT Vestris in May 1912, each of which had berths for slightly more passengers than Vandyck . Each of the trio had a top speed of 15 knots (28 km/h). Also in 1911 Lamport and Holt was converted from a partnership into a limited company. The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company quickly took advantage of this and took over Lamport and Holt. In 1912 management of

3660-423: Was transferred from the LB&RP SN Co to the new company and its registration transferred to Antwerp. In 1878 seven other LB&RP steamships followed. Lamport and Holt's Belgian operation continued until 1908. As the initial Royal Belge Sud-Americaine fleet came due for replacement, Lamport and Holt tended to replace its ships with others second-hand from LB&RP. The 2,267  GRT Galileo , built in 1873,

3721-504: Was transferred in 1886. The 2,280  GRT Leibnitz , also built in 1873, was transferred in 1889. The 2,605  GRT Maskelyne and 2,583  GRT Hevelius , both built in 1874, were also transferred in 1889. The 2,610  GRT Coleridge , built in 1875, was transferred in 1890. In 1884 Lamport and Holt formed another subsidiary, the Argentine Steam Lighter Co Ltd, to run a feeder cargo service in

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