38-557: Sultan Mahmud or Sultan Mahmoud may refer to: Mahmud I (1696–1754), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Mahmud II (1785–1839), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Sultan Mahmud (minister) , Burmese politician and Rohingya leader Mahmud of Ghazni (971–1030), Sultan of Persia in the 11th century Sultan Mahmud (Chagatai) (died 1402), Khan of
76-516: A new dimension in February 1743, and Shah Safi, who was one of Shah Hussein's princes and held hostage on Chios Island , was condemned and led to Nader Shah's inability to complete. He was sent to the Afsharid border with the troops that joined him. Mahmud I who was disturbed by fistula and during the harsh winter his health declined day by day. On Friday, 13 December 1754 he went for attending
114-530: A reign of twenty-four years. This is why Sakaoğlu, a Turkish historian, speculates that Mahmud may have been castrated during his years of imprisonment in Kafes . The known consorts of Mahmud I are: Valide sultan Valide Sultan ( Ottoman Turkish : والده سلطان , lit. "Sultana mother") was the title held by the mother of a ruling sultan of the Ottoman Empire . The Ottomans first formally used
152-541: Is an Arabic word originally meaning 'authority' or 'dominion'. By the beginning of the 16th century, this title, carried by both men and women of the Ottoman dynasty, was replacing other titles by which prominent members of the imperial family had been known (notably hatun for women and bey for men). Consequently, the title valide hatun (title for living mother of reigning Ottoman sultan before 16th century) also turned into valide sultan . This usage underlines
190-539: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mahmud I Mahmud I ( Ottoman Turkish : محمود اول , Turkish : I. Mahmud ; 2 August 1696 – 13 December 1754), known as Mahmud the Hunchback , was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1754. He took over the throne after the quelling of the Patrona Halil rebellion . His reign
228-399: The valide sultan to new heights. Two Valide sultans acted as regents for their sons, assuming the vast power and influence the position entailed. The most powerful and well-known of all valide sultans in the history of the Ottoman Empire were Nurbanu Sultan , Safiye Sultan , Kösem Sultan , and Turhan Sultan . Nurbanu Sultan became the first of the great valide sultans during
266-606: The Ottoman Empire after the sultan himself. As the mother to the sultan, by Islamic tradition ("A mother's right is God's right"), the valide sultan would often have a significant influence on the affairs of the empire. She had great power in the court and her own rooms (always adjacent to her son's) and state staff. The valide sultan had quarters within the New Palace, where the Sultan himself resided, beginning in
304-471: The Ottoman Empire . He was born at Edirne Palace on 2 August 1696, the son of Mustafa II (1664–1703); his mother was Saliha Valide sultan . Mahmud I was the older half-brother of Osman III (1754–57). He developed a humped back . His father Mustafa II mostly lived in Edirne. Mahmud passed his childhood in Edirne. On 18 May 1702 he started his education in Edirne. When his father deposed himself from
342-459: The Sultanate of Women , as the position of main consort eroded over the course of 17th century, the main consort lost the title sultan , which replaced by kadïn , a title related to the earlier khatun . Henceforth, the mother of the reigning sultan was the only person of non-imperial blood to carry the title sultan . Valide sultan was, in most cases, the most important position in
380-565: The Sword of Osman was performed; many of the chief officers were deposed and successors to them appointed at the dictation of the bold rebel who had served in the ranks of the Janissaries and who appeared before the sultan bare-legged and in his old uniform of a common soldier. A Greek butcher, named Yanaki, had formerly given credit to Halil and had lent him money during the three days of the insurrection. Halil showed his gratitude by compelling
418-732: The 16th century. As the Valide sultan (Sultana mother), who had direct and intimate access to the Sultan's person, often influenced government decisions bypassing the Imperial Council and the Grand Vizier altogether or the grille-covered window from which the Sultan or Valide sultan could observe Council meetings. This left her at the heart of the political ongoings and machinations of the Ottoman Empire. valide sultan also traditionally had access to considerable economic resources and often funded major architectural projects, such as
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#1732787057732456-553: The Atik Valide Mosque Complex in Istanbul. Many valide sultans undertook massive philanthropic endeavors and buildings, as this was seen as one of the main ways to demonstrate influence and wealth. Valide sultans were also conveniently one of the few people within the empire with the station and means to embark on these expensive projects. Nurbanu Sultan 's daily stipend as valide sultan to her son, Murad III ,
494-583: The Cağaloğlu Bath, called Yeni Hamam, in the spring of 1740 on the site of Cağaloğlu Palace, which covers a large area. Foundation houses were built on the remaining empty lands and a neighborhood was established. The sultan opened the one in the courtyard of the Hagia Sophia Mosque , the first of the three libraries it established in Istanbul, with a ceremony and made 4,000 volumes. In the library, Sahih-i Buharf reading of ten inhabitants every day
532-767: The Divan to make Yanaki Hospodar of Moldavia. However, Yanaki never took charge of this office. The Khan of the Crimea assisted the Grand Vizier , the Mufti and the Aga of the Janissaries in putting down the rebellion. On 24 November 1731, Halil was strangled by the sultan's order and in his presence, after a Divan in which Halil had dictated that war be declared against Russia. His Greek friend, Yanaki, and 7,000 of those who had supported him were also put to death. The jealousy which
570-549: The Friday prayer. After attending the prayer he went back to his palace but in the journey he collapsed on his horse and died on the same day and was buried in his great-grandmother Turhan Sultan Mausoleum in New Mosque, at Eminönü, in Istanbul, Turkey. There are eleven known consorts of Mahmud I, but he had no children by any of them (just as his heir, his younger half-brother Osman III , who also remained childless), despite
608-493: The Ottoman conception of sovereign power as family prerogative. Western tradition knows the Ottoman ruler as sultan , but the Ottomans themselves used padişah (emperor) or hünkar to refer to their ruler. The emperor's formal title consisted of sultan together with khan (for example, Sultan Suleiman Khan). In formal address, the sultan's children were also entitled sultan , with imperial princes ( şehzade ) carrying
646-425: The Ottoman imperial court. These positions helped them solidify their own power within the imperial court and ease diplomatic tensions on a broader, international scale. Most harem women who were slaves were never formally married to the sultans. Nevertheless, their children were considered fully legitimate under Islamic law if recognized by the father. The list does not include the complete list of mothers of
684-447: The Ottoman sultans . Most who held the title of valide sultan were the biological mothers of the reigning sultans. The mothers who died before their sons' accession to throne, never assumed the title of valide sultan , like Hürrem Sultan , Muazzez Sultan , Mihrişah Kadın , Şermi Kadın , Tirimüjgan Kadın , Gülcemal Kadın and Gülistu Kadın . In special cases, there were grandmothers, stepmothers, adoptive mothers and sisters of
722-624: The Western Chagatai Khanate Sultan Mahmud (Shirvanshah) , the 39th shah of Shirvan 1501–1502 Sultan Mahmud Iskandar of Perak , 11th Sultan of Perak Sultan Mahmud Iskandar (1932–2010), 8th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia the 24th Sultan of Johor Mahmud Shah of Malacca (died 1528), Sultan of Malacca Sultan Mahmud (officer) , former chief of Bangladesh Air Force Sultan Mahmood (boxer) , Pakistani boxer See also [ edit ] Sultan Muhammad (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
760-517: The citizens of Constantinople who opposed the reforms of Ahmed III . Sweeping up more soldiers Halil led the riot to the Topkapı Palace and demanded the death of the grand vizer, Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha and the abdication of Ahmed III. Ahmed III acceded to the demands, had İbrahim Pasha strangled, and agreed to his nephew, Mahmud, becoming sultan. Mahmud's real reign began on 25 November 1730, after this incident. First of all, Istanbul
798-554: The condemnation of Freemasonry by Pope Clement XII in 1738, he followed suit outlawing the organization and since that time Freemasonry was equated with atheism in the Ottoman Empire and the broader Islamic world. Mahmud I entrusted government to his viziers and spent much of his time composing poetry. The fire that started at the Ayazma gate in January 1750 lasted for 19 hours. Numerous shops, houses, and mansions burned until
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#1732787057732836-622: The day of the Ulufe Court, he presented his name to the Sultan. Various demonstrations were held in places where welcome and farewell ceremonies were held for the ambassador from Yeniköy Pier. The rest of Mahmud I's reign was dominated by wars in Persia , with the collapsing Safavid dynasty and the ascendance of Nader Shah. Mahmud also faced a notable war in Europe—the Austro-Russian-Turkish War (1735–1739) . After
874-482: The fire reached Vefa district. The sultan dismissed Boynueğri Abdullah Pasha and appointed Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha on 9 January 1750. In the second fire that broke out on 31 March 1750, Bitpazan, Abacılar, Yorgancılar, Yağlıkcılar, Haffaflar were completely burned. The fire spread to Fingerkapi and Tatlikuyu. The sultan, with the help of the treasury , repaired the burned down areas. Mahmud I started construction of
912-556: The officers of the Janissaries felt towards Halil, and their readiness to aid in his destruction, facilitated the exertions of Mahmud I's supporters in putting an end to the rebellion after it had lasted over a year. The Austrian ambassador, who came to Istanbul in August 1740, was given a dinner in Davudpaşa. Çavuşbaşı took the ambassador and took him to his mansion prepared in Beyoğlu. On
950-587: The peace between them. Among his gifts were fabrics embroidered with jewels, ten elephants, and valuable weapons. Hacı Han was given a banquet in Fener Bahçesin. It was also a problem to pass the elephants brought by hand to Istanbul, and wide shakes were laid on the barges, so wooden curtains were laid around them so that elephants could not be scared. The relations between the Afsharid Empire and Ottoman Empire became increasingly tense, reached
988-530: The reigning sultans who assumed the role, and eventually the title, of valide sultan , like Mihrimah Sultan , Kösem Sultan and Rahime Perestu Sultan . son's death ترخان خدیجه سلطان صالحه دل آشوب سلطان رابعه گلنوش سلطان صالحه سلطان شهسوار سلطان مهر شاه سلطان سینه پرور سلطان نقش دل سلطان بزم عالم سلطان پرتو نهال سلطان adoptive daughter of Esma Sultan The title of Büyük Valide Sultan (Senior Valide Sultan) or Büyükanne Sultan (Grandmother Sultana)
1026-466: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sultan Mahmud . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan_Mahmud&oldid=1225948133 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Title and name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1064-436: The sixteenth century, as haseki as well as legal wife to Sultan Selim II. Nurbanu’s influential career as valide sultan established the precedent of valide sultan maintaining more power than her nearest harem rival, the haseki, or favorite concubine of the reigning sultan. The following influential valide sultans, Safiye Sultan, Kösem Sultan and Turhan Sultan, maintained this precedent and occupied positions of extreme power within
1102-479: The throne he was brought to Istanbul and locked up in Kafes where he spent 27 years of his life. It is not known what kind of culture he acquired during this time, since he continued to play chess, write poetry, and deal with music. In addition for childhood and youth, there were dangers, especially for the Kafes life. On 28 September 1730, Patrona Halil with a small group of fellow Janissaries aroused some of
1140-477: The throne never received the title of valide sultan . In special cases sisters, grandmothers and stepmothers of a reigning sultan assumed the title and/or the functions valide sultan . The word valide ( والده ) literally means 'mother' in Ottoman Turkish, from Arabic wālida . The Turkish pronunciation of the word valide is [vaː.liˈde] . Sultan ( سلطان , sulṭān )
1178-630: The title before their given name, with imperial princesses carrying it after. For example, Şehzade Sultan Mehmed and Mihrimah Sultan were the son and daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent. Like imperial princesses, the living mother and main consort of reigning sultans also carried the title after their given names, for example, Hafsa Sultan , Suleiman's mother and first valide sultan , and Hürrem Sultan , Suleiman's chief consort and first haseki sultan . The evolving usage of this title reflected power shifts among imperial women, especially between
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1216-410: The title in the 16th century as an epithet of Hafsa Sultan (died 1534), mother of Sultan Suleyman I ( r. 1520–1566 ), superseding the previous epithets of Valide Hatun (lady mother), mehd-i ulya ("cradle of the great"). or "the nacre of the pearl of the sultanate". Normally, the living mother of a reigning sultan held this title. Those mothers who died before their sons' accession to
1254-467: The valide sultan spearheaded one of the most crucial elements of diplomacy within the Ottoman Empire’s court: marriages of royal princesses. The most powerful and influential valide sultans had multiple daughters, with whom they forged crucial alliances through by marriage. During the 17th century, in a period known as the Sultanate of Women , a series of incompetent or child sultans raised the role of
1292-476: Was 2000 aspers, an extraordinary sum for the time, which revealed the highly influential position she held at court. The valide sultan also maintained special privileges that other harem members could not participate in. A valide sultan was not subject to sole seclusion within the confines of the palace. She had mobility outside of the harem, sometimes through ceremonial visibility to the public or veiled meetings with government officials and diplomats. Additionally,
1330-680: Was effectively exploited by the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud I, who initiated the Ottoman–Persian War (1743–46) , in which the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah closely cooperated with the Ottomans and their ambassador Haji Yusuf Agha, these relations between the two empires continued until Muhammad Shah's death in 1748. In March 1741, the ambassador of Nadir Shah from Iran government, Hacı Han, came to Istanbul with 3,000 people and his guards unit to prolong
1368-673: Was marked by wars in Persia and conflicts in Europe . He delegated government affairs to his viziers and devoted time to writing poetry. Nader Shah 's devastating campaign weakened the Mughal Empire and created the opportunity for Mahmud I to initiate war with cooperation from Muhammad Shah . The alliance ended with the latter's death, leading to tensions between the Afsharids and the Ottomans. In 1748, he outlawed Freemasonry within
1406-525: Was one of the conditions of the foundation. Mahmud also came to the Rosary Gate of Hagia Sophia several times, sat in the library and listened to the commentary of tafsir . The famine, which appeared due to the heavy winter, became increasingly heavier at the end of spring. Nader Shah 's devastating campaign against the Mughal Empire , created a void in the western frontiers of Persia , which
1444-463: Was taken under strict control. Measures were taken. About two thousand suspicious people were captured, some were executed, some were exiled. Mahmud I was recognized as sultan by the mutineers as well as by court officials but for some weeks after his accession the empire was in the hands of the insurgents. Halil rode with the new sultan to the Mosque of Eyüb where the ceremony of girding Mahmud I with
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