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46-615: The mosque was officially inaugurated on 27 December 1929, and was given its name in Sultan Hussein Shah 's honor. Its historical significance and striking architecture earned it the distinguished status of being named a national monument in 1975, which demonstrates its value to Singapore's cultural heritage. Sultan Hussein Shah of Johor and Sir Stamford Raffles of the British East India Company signed

92-593: A claim to be the rightful ruler of these states and sparked a brief civil war in Pahang.) Sultan Hussein on his part, did not pursue any active claim to his sovereignty rights over Johor, even after Temenggong Abdul Rahman died in 1825, and his successor, Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim was still a youth at the time. Sultan Hussein spent much of his time at his Singapore residence in Istana Kampong Glam until 1834, when he moved to Malacca . Reports cited that he

138-572: A cohesive and symbiotic whole, embodies the Islamic principles of Iman, Ilmu and Amal ( Faith, Knowledge and Deeds ) respectively. The MUIS Halal services formally started in 1978. The increasing demand for Halal-certified products and eating establishments, as well as the need to regulate the Halal industry drove the move to set up its Halal Certification Strategic Unit. In 2009, Muis certified more than 2,600 premises and has played an important role as

184-569: A contribution to the greater integration of various communities and the development of Singapore's multiracial society. The annex was formally inaugurated on July 10, 1993, by Goh Chok Tong, the prime minister at the time. The most recent changes were made in August 2014 which total cost was roughly S$ 3.65million , where the mosque underwent another round of renovation works but this time by the Mosque Upgrading Programme led by

230-622: A deal with Hussein Shah. The British would recognize Hussein Shah as Sultan of Johor, and pay stipends to Hussein Shah and the Temenggong Abdul Rahman. In return, Hussein Shah would allow Raffles to establish a trading post in Singapore. This treaty was signed on 6 February 1819. The Dutch were extremely displeased with Raffles' action. Tensions between the Dutch and British over Singapore persisted until 1824, until they signed

276-439: A mile'. Some mosque attendees were sceptical of the new electric system, however most believed it was necessary to empower the muezzin's voice to transcend a modern city's noises. The mosque received a substantial amount of reparations in 1968 in order to repair the wear and tear that had accumulated over the years, these repairs included a thorough repainting of the building and the installation of new floor tiles. However as there

322-410: A number of reasons. The first reason was due to funds that were available. Resources were scarce due to continuous fundraising efforts while the construction for the mosque was ongoing. Secondly, it was because of the community and the people. They had to make sure that there would be as little disturbance as possible for worshipers and that the community could carry on with their religious routines during

368-626: A treaty in 1819 that permitted the British to officially establish a trade settlement in Singapore. Sultan Hussein Shah then requested as part of this arrangement that a mosque be built next to his royal home, the Istana (Malay: palace) in Kampong Glam, to serve the Muslim community. Acknowledging the cultural significance of this place of worship, Raffles had promised and contributed $ 3,000 from

414-520: Is accessible from Bugis MRT station and Jalan Besar MRT station . Bus to take: 2, 7, 12, 32, 33, 51, 62, 63, 80, 133, 145, 197,190, 61, 603, 61, 851, 960, 961, 980 The mosque is open for visitation from Saturday to Thursday. Visiting timings are from 10am - 12pm & 2pm - 4pm. It is free to enter the mosque. Do note that you are required to wear appropriate attire to show respect. You will have to cover your back, shoulders and legs (no skirts, shorts or bare backs). Cover ups will also be provided at

460-666: Is meant to optimize natural ventilation, which is accomplished by a careful placement of many windows on both the ground and upper floors. The windows on the ground level are especially distinctive for their ogee form, a distinctive architectural feature with a double curve. These windows are effectively separated into three functional sections: 1. The highest section has louvred timber shutters that allow for adjustable ventilation and control of light.  2. The central part features casement windows that may be fully opened for optimal ventilation. 3. The bottom piece features patterned vents, which provide consistent air circulation even when

506-523: Is seen as a fundamental element of mosque building in modern Muslim society. Measuring 4,109 square meters, the Sultan Mosque takes up an extensive area in the center of Kampong Glam. When compared to other nearby structures that follow the layout of the city, the mosque is specifically facing Mecca , following Islamic customs. The mosque grounds are protected and made visually appealing by an elaborate border with cast-iron railings that defines

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552-840: Is to advise the President of Singapore on all Islamic matters as well as the religious interests and issues faced by the Muslim Community in Singapore. The Council of MUIS operates as the overall decision-making body and has responsibility for the formulation of policies and operational plans. The Council comprises the President of MUIS, the Mufti of Singapore, persons recommended by the Minister-in-Charge of Muslim Affairs and other persons nominated by Muslim organisations. The President of Singapore appoints all members of

598-682: The Anglo-Dutch Treaty . Under the terms of that treaty, the Dutch officially withdrew their opposition to the British presence in Singapore. The treaty has the effect of carving the Johor into two spheres of influence; modern Johor under the British and the new Sultanate of Riau under the Dutch. The treaty was concluded in London, between the British and the Dutch, effectively breaking Johor-Riau into two. The British successfully sidelined Dutch political influence by proclaiming Hussein Shah as

644-606: The Islamic Religious Council of Singapore ( IRCS ), is a statutory board of the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth of the Government of Singapore . As a majlis , its role is to look after the administration and interests of Singapore's Muslim community. The Majlis is headed by a Council , in which members are appointed by the President of Singapore . Since 2009, the council is headquartered in

690-537: The Qibla (the direction of Mecca), is the prayer hall's focal point. The mihrab of Sultan Mosque has been particularly elaborate, enclosed by a lancet arch embellished with delicate gold-plated flower designs. This ornamental feature enhances the beauty of the room while also captivating the worshippers . A panel of calligraphy above the mihrab adds to its spiritual value, almost certainly including Quran passages or various other important Islamic writings. The interior

736-708: The Singapore Islamic Hub , along Braddell Road. MUIS was established in 1968 when the Administration of Muslim Law Act (AMLA) came into effect. The principal functions of MUIS are: Under AMLA, MUIS is a statutory board of the Singapore Government. It comes under the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth , and under the direct supervision of the Minister-In-Charge of Muslim Affairs. Its primary statutory role

782-485: The founding of modern Singapore ; during which he was nominally given recognition by the British as the Sultan of Johor and Singapore in 1819 and the Sultan of Johor in 1824. However, Sultan Hussein was regarded by nobles as a British puppet monarch , at least during the first few years of his reign. Towards his last years of his reign and during the first half of his son's reign as the Sultan of Johor, limited recognition

828-563: The British East India Company to fund construction. Completed in 1826, the very first mosque was an average sized brick structure standing one level and with a double-tiered pitched roof, typical of Southeast Asian architecture. Sultan Hussein's grandson Tunku Alam Sultan Alauddin Alam Shah donated land to the Sultan Mosque in 1879, and an anonymous generous donor named Tunku Aleem offered additional gifts. To supervise

874-581: The Council. As of 2023 Mohamed Sa'at Abdul Rahman serves as President of MUIS and Nazirudin Mohd Nasir as the Mufti of Singapore. Full Members Senior Associate Members Associate Members Chairman Members The Singapore Islamic Hub is a religious campus that houses Masjid Muhajirin, Madrasah Irsyad Zuhri Al-Islamiah and the headquarters of Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura. These institutions combined ( mosque , madrasa and majlis ) create

920-486: The Islamic Religious Council of Singapore ( Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura , or MUIS). It now has become much more accessible with features such as a wheelchair accessible ramp located at the main entrance along with two glass lifts that will further help worshippers of all ages and abilities to reach the prayer hall located on the second level. The mosque also received a new coat of paint in addition to

966-600: The Singaporean government officially declared the Sultan Mosque as a national monument , acknowledging its importance for both history and culture. As the population and community grew, an addition to the mosque was constructed in 1987. A donation of S$ 53,000 was received for the project from the World Muslim League in Saudi Arabia. An annex was built that cost $ 4.2 million which blended well with

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1012-591: The Sultan of Johor and Singapore. Hussein Shah's claim to be Sultan of Johor and Singapore was by all accounts not recognised by the Malay rulers and was only a nominal title. Temenggong Abdul Rahman's position, on the other hand, was strengthened as the signing of the treaties detached him the influence of Raja Ja'afar. The Dutch took the initiative of taking the royal regalia from Engku Putri Hamidah by force after hearing of rumors of Sultan Hussein requesting British aid to get hold of it. In November 1822, Sultan Abdul Rahman

1058-602: The Sultan to secure an alliance with the British in an attempt to reduce Dutch influence in the region. In 1818, Sir Stamford Raffles persuaded the British East India Company to establish a new base in the East Indies . On 29 January 1819, Raffles landed at Singapura, and there he befriended Temenggong Abdul Rahman . Upon learning of the political tension in Johor, Raffles had the Temenggong smuggle Hussein Shah from Penyengat Island to Singapura. Raffles then made

1104-475: The Temenggong and Bendahara increasingly exerted their independent authority. Also, largely as a result of the strong British influence in the Malay Peninsula , the continuously changing political dynamics gradually relegated these legitimacy disputes to irrelevance. (In 1857, the Sultan of Lingga, Sultan Mahmud Muzaffar Shah, who was also de jure head of the royal house of Johor, Pahang and Lingga, made

1150-429: The administrative direction of Raja Ja'afar, who ruled under the auspices of the Dutch. However, unresolved legal ambiguity in the legitimacy various local affairs, such as the status of Johor and Pahang. These were de jure possessions of Sultan Abdul Rahman and his successors, yet the 1824 treaty barred him as a Dutch vassal from exerting political authority over Johor and Pahang. In the light of these circumstances,

1196-415: The architectural harmony of the hall in addition to provide structural support, define its architectural plan. The prayer hall's central atrium, which is surrounded by a gallery on the second floor, is one of its most striking aspects. In addition to making the most use of available space, its design fosters a feeling of openness and connectivity between the two floors. The Mihrab , a wall niche signifying

1242-473: The architecture. This would also be beneficial to enrich the area as there is now additional space for different facilities which includes, an auditorium , a conference room , a library and a function hall which further enhances the mosque as compared to the newer towns that have emerged during this time period. This was additionally implemented to encourage more gatherings and points for community-wide social, cultural, and educational activities, which makes

1288-534: The better chance of succeeding his father by primogeniture over his younger half-brother, Abdul Rahman . Hussein Shah, however, was away in Pahang for his marriage to Tuan Encik Puan Bulang when his father died in 1811. The Bugis faction, led by the underking Yamtuan Muda Raja Ja'afar, supported Abdul Rahman as successor and hastily organised a coronation ceremony before Hussein Shah could return. Raja Ja'afar, in exchange for his support for Abdul Rahman (now sultan),

1334-407: The building. Minarets , a crucial element of mosque architecture, are located at each corner of the building. Internal stairs in these minarets lead to balconied calling towers, which are often utilized for the adhan , or call to prayer. Up to 5,000 worshipers can be accommodated in the large, two-story prayer hall, which has a shape that is rectangular. Twelve octagonal columns, which contribute to

1380-423: The construction process. Due to the construction, North Bridge Road had to be extended beyond Arab Street, which now curves around the mosque. The mosque was just over two thirds completed when it opened on 27 December 1929. In the end, 1932 saw its completion. The first known installation of a microphone–loudspeaker set occurred in 1936 in the mosque; it was reported that the summons to prayer could 'carry more than

1426-466: The expansion of areas including the office, ablution area, and auditorium. On 16 January 2016, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong revealed a plaque to commemorate the project's completion. The dome is now an essential component of Islamic architecture even in Indonesia and Malaysia . The traditionally designed mosque roof has just about been completely replaced with many several kinds of domes. The dome

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1472-547: The monsoon winds arrived, and was received by Sultan Abdul Rahman, who offered to abdicate in his favor. But he quickly backtracked after Raja Ja'afar made threats against Sultan Abdul Rahman. Hussein Shah remained in exile in Penyengat Island of the Riau Islands . Questions pertaining to the legitimacy of Sultan Abdul Rahman's reign were raised; the royal regalia were still in the hands of Engku Putri Hamidah,

1518-512: The mosque if required. Do remove footwear upon entering the mosque. Hussein Shah of Johor Sultan Hussein Mua'zzam Shah ibni Mahmud Shah Alam ( Malay : Hussain Muazzam Shah ibni Mahmud Shah Alam or سلطان حسين معظم شاه ابن محمود شاه عالم ‎, 1776 – 5 September 1835) was the 19th ruler of Johor-Riau . He signed two treaties with Britain which culminated in

1564-500: The mosque plays a key role in the Muslim community and reflects Singapore's unique background. The construction is both aesthetically pleasing and culturally significant. Located atop the eastern and western facade, the Sultan Mosque's two most notable architectural features are its two spectacular golden domes . A crescent moon and star, which are strongly connected to Islam, are placed atop each dome. A noteworthy element that highlights

1610-409: The mosque's administration, Tunku Alam formed a committee consisting of five members. This committee was eventually enlarged to a board of twelve trustees in 1914. By 1924, the mosque was over a century old and had needed multiple repair works to be done and it was decided by the trustees that it would be demolished and replaced with the current building, which is bigger and more spacious as compared to

1656-441: The mosque's inclusive nature is a ring made of glass bottle ends located at the foot of each dome. These were gathered as contributions from Muslims who were not as wealthy, making it possible for everyone in the community to help build the mosque, regardless of their financial standing. The mosque's roof parapet, which has elaborate merlon cresting—a decorative detail typically of Islamic architecture—adds even more majesty to

1702-568: The mosque's overall architectural appeal, combining practicality with aesthetics in the way common to Indo-Saracenic architecture. The mosque has existed for decades as a center for religious, cultural, and social activities. During Ramadan , a lively night market with several food booths is set up near the mosque, and Muslims begin purchasing food at sunset. The mosque also participates in charitable activities such as distributing free meals and funning blood donation drives, as well as social outreach and educational programs. The mosque

1748-620: The past. The estimate cost for the renovations had amounted to S$ 250,000 during the meeting that consisted of the five original committee members which consists of Chairman, Messrs Syed Abdur Rahman bin Shaik Alkaff, J.P., Honorary Secretary and Treasurer, Mahmood bin Haji Dawood, M. ismail and Shaik Salim bin Taha Mattar along with H.G. Sarwar that had joined the committee at a later time. Construction took place in phases for

1794-486: The primary consort of Mahmud Shah III, who had stated her support for Hussein Shah as successor. In addition, Hussein Shah also had the support of the Temenggongs and Malay nobles, which made the prospect of putting a legitimate successor in place difficult. Sultan Abdul Rahman devoted himself increasingly to religion; he had delegated all administrative duties to Raja Ja'afar by the time William Farquhar approached

1840-453: The sacred place. Sultan Mosque's architecture is a reflection of Denis Santry 's innovative vision. Santry is a well-known architect from the highly esteemed company Swan & Maclaren . The Indo-Saracenic style, that was particularly popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and incorporated Indian, Islamic, and European architectural features harmoniously, was used as the inspiration for Santry's design. With its architectural style,

1886-422: The windows above are closed. The second floor's windows features a wider range of window styles, adding to the mosque's architectural diversity. A prominent characteristic is the presence of cinquefoil windows, which have five lobes. These windows are further adorned with intricate mouldings, which give a touch of artistic elegance to their practical purpose. The windows' many designs and forms add an element to

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1932-638: Was a dispirited man, apparently with the lack of power and authority that he should be accorded as the sultan. Sultan Hussein died in September 1835, and was buried near the Tranquerah Mosque at the wishes of his Sultanah and Abdul Kadir, a Tamil-Muslim Imam. Several of his descendants are buried in Jalan Kubor Cemetery in Singapore. Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura The Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura ( MUIS ), also known as

1978-424: Was a lack of funds, repairs were also done in stages. Having the repairs done in stages would also make sure that daily activities could still continue without any disruption. The renovations had totalled to about S$ 145,000 where most of the funds were raised through the donations that had come from the Muslim community amounting to S$ 108,000 and S$ 38,000 was donated by King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. On March 8, 1975,

2024-505: Was appointed as regent and wielded administrative authority. Hussein Shah was in Pahang, waiting for the monsoon winds to arrive, and was unaware of his brother's installation as sultan. Raja Ja'afar had written a letter to Hussein Shah, notifying him of Sultan Mahmud Shah III's death, but concealed his brother's ascension as sultan. Bendahara Tun Ali brought letters to Lingga , reporting Abdul Rahman's coronation during Hussein Shah's stay in Pahang. Hussein Shah sailed from Pahang to Lingga when

2070-435: Was given by a few nobles. Known as having a personality that did not impress either the British or the local Malays, the contemporary writer Munshi Abdullah remarked that he was a "tiger without teeth". Sultan Mahmud Shah III died in 1812 after reigning for more than fifty years. He formally named no heir and left behind two sons by two different women, both of whom were of Bugis origin. The older son, Hussein Shah stood

2116-457: Was installed as the Sultan of Lingga, complete with the royal regalia. In the later part of his reign, growing British influence induced some Malay nobles, particularly Bendahara Ali, to recognize Sultan Hussein Shah. Sultan Abdul Rahman, who had devoted himself to religion, became content with his political sphere of influence in Lingga, where his family continued to maintain his household under

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