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50-1283: Sultan Ahmed or Sultan Ahmet may refer to: Ahmed I of the Ottoman Empire Ahmed II of the Ottoman Empire Ahmed III of the Ottoman Empire Sultanahmet Meydanı (or Square), the Turkish name for the Hippodrome of Constantinople Sultan Ahmed Mosque , Istanbul Other people Sultan Ahmed (Omani cricketer) (born 1977) Sultan Ahmed (Emirati cricketer) (born 1989) Sultan Ahmed (director) (1938–2002), Indian film director Sultan Ahmed (Guantanamo detainee 842) , Pakistani captive released June 28, 2005 Sultan Ahmed (Indian politician) (1953–2017), Union Minister of State for Tourism in India Syed Sultan Ahmed (1880–1963), Indian barrister and politician Sultan Ahmed (Burmese politician) (1901–1981), Burmese politician Topics referred to by

100-633: A letter saying that he was willing to sign a peace treaty, with which he would have to send 200 loads of silk every year to Constantinople. On 20 November 1612, the Treaty of Nasuh Pasha was signed, which ceded all the lands the Ottoman Empire had gained in the war of 1578–90 back to Persia and reinstated the 1555 boundaries. However, the peace ended in 1615 when the Shah did not send the 200 loads of silk. On 22 May 1615, Grand Vizier Öküz Mehmed Pasha

150-512: A lot of villages were destroyed. Some military chiefs had claimed these abandoned villages as their property. This deprived the Porte of tax income and on 30 September 1609, Ahmed I issued a letter guaranteeing the rights of the villagers. He then worked on the resettlement of abandoned villages. The new Grand Vizier, Nasuh Pasha, did not want to fight with the Safavids. The Safavid Shah also sent

200-579: A messenger to the Porte asking for help. Upon the promise of help, his forces also joined the Ottoman forces in Belgrade. With this help, the Ottoman army besieged Esztergom and captured it on 4 November 1605. Bocskai, with Ottoman help, captured Nové Zámky (Uyvar) and forces under Tiryaki Hasan Pasha took Veszprém and Palota . Sarhoş İbrahim Pasha , the Beylerbey of Nagykanizsa (Kanije), attacked

250-516: Is buried in a mausoleum right outside the walls of the famous mosque. In the 2015 TV series Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem , Ahmed I is portrayed by Turkish actor Ekin Koç . [REDACTED] Media related to Ahmed I at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] Works by or about Ahmed I at Wikisource Mustafa I Mustafa I ( / ˈ m ʊ s t ə f ə / ; Ottoman Turkish : مصطفى اول ‎; c. 1600/1602 – 20 January 1639), called Mustafa

300-539: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ahmed I Ahmed was probably born in 18 April 1590 at the Manisa Palace, Manisa , when his father Şehzade Mehmed was still a prince and the governor of the Sanjak of Manisa. His mother was Handan Sultan . After his grandfather Murad III 's death in 1595, his father came to Constantinople and ascended

350-536: The Beylerbey of Erzurum, marching independently from Sinan Pasha and consequently being taken prisoner by the Safavids. The Ottoman army was routed at Urmia and had to flee firstly to Van and then to Diyarbekir . Here, Sinan Pasha sparked a rebellion by executing the Beylerbey of Aleppo , Canbulatoğlu Hüseyin Pasha , who had come to provide help, upon the pretext that he had arrived too late. He soon died himself and

400-669: The Druze Sheikh Ma'noğlu Fahreddin to defeat the Amir of Tripoli Seyfoğlu Yusuf . He went on to take control of the Adana area, forming an army and issuing coins. His forces routed the army of the newly appointed Beylerbey of Aleppo, Hüseyin Pasha. Grand Vizier Boşnak Dervish Mehmed Pasha was executed for the weakness he showed against the Jelalis. He was replaced by Kuyucu Murad Pasha, who marched to Syria with his forces to defeat

450-634: The Kars Eyalet , and could only be stopped in Akhaltsikhe . Despite the conditions being favourable, Sinan Pasha decided to stay for the winter in Van , but then marched to Erzurum to stop an incoming Safavid attack. This caused unrest within the army and the year was practically wasted for the Ottomans. In 1605, Sinan Pasha marched to take Tabriz , but the army was undermined by Köse Sefer Pasha ,

500-621: The Sultan Ahmed Mosque , the magnum opus of the Ottoman architecture, across from the Hagia Sophia . The sultan attended the breaking of the ground with a golden pickaxe to begin the construction of the mosque complex. An incident nearly broke out after the sultan discovered that the Blue Mosque contained the same number of minarets as the grand mosque of Mecca. Ahmed became furious at this fault and became remorseful until

550-690: The Treaty of Nasuh Pasha in 1612, territories that had been temporarily conquered in the Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–90) . The new borders were drawn per the same line as confirmed in the Peace of Amasya of 1555. During his reign the ruler of Morocco was Mulay Zidan whose father and predecessor Ahmad al-Mansur had paid a tribute of vassalage as a vassal of the Ottomans until his death. The Saadi civil wars had interrupted this tribute of vassalage, but Mulay Zidan proposed to submit to it in order to protect himself from Algiers , and so he resumed paying

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600-629: The 30,000-strong rebel army with great difficulty, albeit with a decisive result, on 24 October 1607. Meanwhile, he pretended to forgive the rebels in Anatolia and appointed the rebel Kalenderoğlu, who was active in Manisa and Bursa , as the sanjakbey of Ankara . Baghdad was recaptured in 1607 as well. Canbulatoğlu Ali Pasha fled to Constantinople and asked for forgiveness from Ahmed I, who appointed him to Timișoara and later Belgrade, but then executed him due to his misrule there. Meanwhile, Kalenderoğlu

650-529: The Austrian region of Istria . However, with Jelali revolts in Anatolia more dangerous than ever and a defeat in the eastern front, Mehmed Pasha was called to Constantinople. Mehmed Pasha suddenly died there, whilst preparing to leave for the east. Kuyucu Murad Pasha then negotiated the Peace of Zsitvatorok , which abolished the tribute of 30,000 ducats paid by Austria and addressed the Habsburg emperor as

700-528: The Empire. It was the first time an Ottoman Sultan was succeeded by his brother instead of his son. His mother Halime Sultan became the Valide sultan , as well as regent, and wielded great power. Due to Mustafa's mental conditions, she acted as regent and exercised power more directly. It was hoped that regular social contact would improve Mustafa's mental health, but his behavior remained eccentric. He pulled off

750-603: The Khan of Crimea, Canibek Giray , attacked the areas of Ganja , Nakhichevan and Julfa . Ahmed I renewed trade treaties with England, France and Venice. In July 1612, the first ever trade treaty with the Dutch Republic was signed. He expanded the capitulations given to France, specifying that merchants from Spain , Ragusa , Genoa , Ancona and Florence could trade under the French flag. Sultan Ahmed constructed

800-708: The Old Palace, along with his mother, and grandmother Safiye Sultan and later in the Kafes until Ahmed's death in 1617. Ahmed's death created a dilemma never before experienced by the Ottoman Empire. Multiple princes were now eligible for the Sultanate, and all of them lived in Topkapı Palace. A court faction headed by the Şeyhülislam Esad Efendi and Sofu Mehmed Pasha (who represented the Grand Vizier when he

850-633: The Safavid army was able to capture Ganja , Shirvan and Shamakhi in Azerbaijan. The Long Turkish War between the Ottomans and the Habsburg monarchy had been going on for over a decade by the time Ahmed ascended the throne. Grand Vizier Malkoç Ali Pasha marched to the western front from Constantinople on 3 June 1604 and arrived in Belgrade , but died there, so Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha

900-623: The Saint (Veli Mustafa) during his second reign, and called Mustafa the Mad (Deli Mustafa) by historians, was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 22 November 1617 to 26 February 1618, and from 20 May 1622 to 10 September 1623. He was the son of sultan Mehmed III and Halime Sultan . Mustafa was born around 1600/1602 in the Topkapi Palace . He was son of Sultan Mehmed III and Halime Hatun , an Abkhazian concubine. Before 1603 it

950-574: The Shaykh-ul-Islam recommended that he should erect another minaret at the grand mosque of Mecca and the matter was solved. Ahmed became delightedly involved in the eleventh comprehensive renovations of the Kaaba , which had just been damaged by flooding. He sent craftsmen from Constantinople, and the golden rain gutter that kept rain from collecting on the roof of the Ka’ba was successfully renewed. It

1000-455: The age of thirteen, when his powerful grandmother Safiye Sultan was still alive. With his accession to the throne, the power struggle in the harem flared up; between his mother Handan Sultan and his grandmother Safiye Sultan, who in the previous reign had absolute power within the walls (behind the throne), in the end, with the support of Ahmed, the fight ended in favor of his mother. A far lost uncle of Ahmed, Yahya , resented his accession to

1050-454: The conflict by executing Kara Davud Pasha, but Abaza Mehmed continued his advance. Clerics and Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha prevailed upon Mustafa's mother to allow the deposition of her son. She agreed, on the condition that Mustafa's life would be spared. The 11-year-old Murad IV , son of Ahmed I and Kösem, was enthroned on 10 September 1623. In return for her consent to his deposition, the request of Mustafa's mother that he be spared execution

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1100-454: The coronation of Ahmed I and defeated Nasuh Pasha and the Beylerbey of Anatolia, Kecdehan Ali Pasha. In 1605, Tavil Ahmed was offered the position of the Beylerbey of Shahrizor to stop his rebellion, but soon afterwards he went on to capture Harput . His son, Mehmed, obtained the governorship of Baghdad with a fake firman and defeated the forces of Nasuh Pasha sent to defeat him. Meanwhile, Canbulatoğlu Ali Pasha united his forces with

1150-488: The coup which does not mention the incapacity of Mustafa. Baron de Sancy ascribes the deposition as a political conspiracy between the grand admiral Ali Pasha and Chief Black Eunuch Mustafa Agha, who were angered by the former's removal from office upon Sultan Mustafa's accession. They may have circulated rumors of the sultan's mental instability subsequent to the coup in order to legitimize it. Mustafa commenced his second reign by executing all those who had taken any part in

1200-410: The dynasty would have died out. However, the reports of foreign ambassadors suggest that Ahmed actually liked his half-brother: he had been on good terms with his older half-brother Şehzade Mahmud (full brother of Mustafa, executed by his father Mehmed III and his grandmother Safiye Sultan ) and was shocked by his death, and also felt sympathy for Mustafa's very young age. Mustafa lived at first in

1250-507: The empire. Its prestige was further tarnished in the Treaty of Zsitvatorok , signed in 1606, whereby the annual tribute paid by Austria was abolished. Following the crushing defeat in the Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–1612) against the neighbouring rivals Safavid Empire , led by Shah Abbas the Great , Georgia, Azerbaijan and other vast territories in the Caucasus were ceded back to Persia per

1300-568: The equal of the Ottoman sultan. The Jelali revolts were a strong factor in the Ottomans' acceptance of the terms. This signaled the end of Ottoman growth in Europe. Resentment over the war with the Habsburgs and heavy taxation, along with the weakness of the Ottoman military response, combined to make the reign of Ahmed I the zenith of the Jelali revolts . Tavil Ahmed launched a revolt soon after

1350-549: The murder of Sultan Osman. Hoca Ömer Efendi, the chief of the rebels, the kızlar Agha Suleiman Agha, the vizier Dilaver Pasha, the Kaim-makam Ahmed Pasha, the defterdar Baki Pasha, the segban-bashi Nasuh Agha, and the general of the Janissaries Ali Agha, were executed. The epithet "Veli" (meaning "saint") was used in reference to him during his reign. His mental condition unimproved, Mustafa

1400-507: The old, worn-out pulpit. It is also known that Sultan Ahmed erected two more mosques in Uskudar on the Asian side of Istanbul; however, neither of them has survived. The sultan had a crest carved with the footprint of Muhammad that he would wear on Fridays and festive days and illustrated one of the most significant examples of affection to Muhammad in Ottoman history. Engraved inside the crest

1450-661: The other Şehzades and Sultanas. The known consorts are: Ahmed I had at least thirteen sons: Ahmed I had at least eleven daughters: Today, Ahmed I is remembered mainly for the construction of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque (also known as the Blue Mosque), one of the masterpieces of Islamic architecture . The area in Fatih around the Mosque is today called Sultanahmet. He died at Topkapı Palace in Constantinople and

1500-594: The poor in the proper way. Ahmed I died of typhus and gastric bleeding on 22 November 1617 at the Topkapı Palace , Istanbul . He was buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque . He was succeeded by his younger half-brother Şehzade Mustafa as Sultan Mustafa I . Later three of Ahmed's sons ascended to the throne: Osman II (r. 1618–22), Murad IV (r. 1623–40) and Ibrahim (r. 1640–48). Ahmed had two known consorts, plus several unknown concubines, mothers of

1550-501: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sultan Ahmed . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan_Ahmed&oldid=1214544217 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Title and name disambiguation pages Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

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1600-449: The succession of Sultan Osman II , Ahmed's first-born son from another concubine. If Osman became Sultan, he would likely try to execute his half-brothers, the sons of Ahmed and Kösem. (This scenario later became a reality when Osman II executed his half-brother Mehmed , the oldest son of Ahmed and Kösem, in 1621. ) Furthermore, when Ahmed ascended the throne, Mustafa was the only possible heir. Had Ahmed executed him and then died sonless,

1650-417: The throne and spent his life scheming to become Sultan. Ahmed broke with the traditional fratricide following previous enthronements and did not order the execution of his brother Mustafa . Instead, Mustafa was sent to live at the old palace at Bayezit along with their grandmother, Safiye Sultan. This was most likely due to Ahmed's young age - he had not yet demonstrated his ability to sire children, and Mustafa

1700-422: The throne as Sultan Mehmed III . Mehmed ordered the execution of his nineteen half brothers. Ahmed's elder brother Şehzade Mahmud was also executed by his father Mehmed on 7 June 1603, just before Mehmed's own death on 22 December 1603. Mahmud was buried along with his mother in a separate mausoleum built by Ahmed in Şehzade Mosque , Constantinople. Ahmed ascended the throne after his father's death in 1603, at

1750-584: The throne. Mustafa "made a number of excursions to the arsenal and the navy docks, examining various sorts of arms and taking an active interest in the munitions supply of the army and the navy." One of the dispatches of Baron de Sancy, the French ambassador, "suggested that Mustafa was interested in leading the Safavid campaign himself and was entertaining the idea of wintering in Konya for that purpose." Moreover, one contemporary observer provides an explanation of

1800-437: The tribute to the Ottomans. The Ottoman–Safavid War had begun shortly before the death of Ahmed's father Mehmed III. Upon ascending the throne, Ahmed I appointed Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha as the commander of the eastern army. The army marched from Constantinople on 15 June 1604, which was too late, and by the time it had arrived on the eastern front on 8 November 1604, the Safavid army had captured Yerevan and entered

1850-481: The turbans of his viziers and yanked their beards. Others observed him throwing coins to birds and fish. The Ottoman historian İbrahim Peçevi wrote "this situation was seen by all men of state and the people, and they understood that he was mentally disturbed." Mustafa was never more than a tool of court cliques at the Topkapı Palace . In 1618, after a short rule, another palace faction deposed him in favour of his young nephew Osman II (1618–1622), and Mustafa

1900-532: Was a poem he composed: “If only could I bear over my head like my turban forever thee, If only I could carry it all the time with me, on my head like a crown, the Footprint of the Prophet Muhammad, which has a beautiful complexion, Ahmed, go on, rub your face on the feet of that rose.“ Sultan Ahmed was known for his skills in fencing, poetry, horseback riding, and fluency in several languages. Ahmed

1950-452: Was a poet who wrote a number of political and lyrical works under the name Bahti. Ahmed patronized scholars, calligraphers, and pious men. Hence, he commissioned a book entitled The Quintessence of Histories to be worked upon by calligraphers. He also attempted to enforce conformance to Islamic laws and traditions, restoring the old regulations that prohibited alcohol, and he attempted to enforce attendance at Friday prayers and paying alms to

2000-435: Was a puppet controlled by his mother and brother-in-law, the grand vizier Kara Davud Pasha . He believed that Osman II was still alive and was seen searching for him throughout the palace, knocking on doors and crying out to his nephew to relieve him from the burden of sovereignty. "The present emperor being a fool" (according to English Ambassador Sir Thomas Roe ), he was compared unfavorably with his predecessor. In fact, it

2050-595: Was again during the era of Sultan Ahmed that an iron web was placed inside the Zamzam Well in Mecca. The placement of this web about three feet below the water level was a response to lunatics who jumped into the well, imagining a promise of a heroic death. In Medina, the city of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , a new pulpit made of white marble and shipped from Istanbul arrived in the mosque of Muhammad and substituted

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2100-464: Was appointed as the Grand Vizier and the commander of the western army. Under Mehmed Pasha, the western army recaptured Pest and Vác , but failed to capture Esztergom as the siege was lifted due to unfavourable weather and the objections of the soldiers. Meanwhile, the Prince of Transylvania , Stephen Bocskay , who struggled for the region's independence and had formerly supported the Habsburgs, sent

2150-424: Was assigned to organize an attack on Persia. Mehmed Pasha delayed the attack till the next year, until when the Safavids made their preparations and attacked Ganja. In April 1616, Mehmed Pasha left Aleppo with a large army and marched to Yerevan, where he failed to take the city and withdrew to Erzurum. He was removed from his post and replaced by Damat Halil Pasha . Halil Pasha went for the winter to Diyarbekir, while

2200-402: Was away from Constantinople ) decided to enthrone Mustafa instead of Ahmed's son Osman. Sofu Mehmed argued that Osman was too young to be enthroned without causing adverse comment among the populace. The Chief Black Eunuch Mustafa Agha objected, citing Mustafa's mental problems, but he was overruled. Mustafa's rise created a new succession principle of seniority that would last until the end of

2250-483: Was customary for an Ottoman Sultan to have his brothers executed shortly after ascending the throne, (Mustafa's father Mehmed III had executed his nineteen half-brothers). But when the thirteen-year-old Ahmed I , Mustafa's older half-brother, was enthroned in 1603, he spared the life of Mustafa. A factor in Mustafa's survival is the influence of Kösem Sultan (Ahmed's favorite consort), who may have wished to preempt

2300-552: Was granted. Mustafa was sent in the Kafes for the rest of his life, while his mother was sent to the Old Palace , where she died. Mustafa died in the Kafes on 20 January 1639. One source states that he died of epilepsy which was caused by being imprisoned for 34 out of his 39 years of life. Another source states that he was executed by the orders of Sultan Murad IV , who was on his death bed, and rumors say that he wanted to end

2350-513: Was his mother Halime Sultan the de facto-co-ruler as Valide Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Political instability was generated by conflict between the Janissaries and the sipahis (Ottoman cavalry), followed by the Abaza rebellion , which occurred when the governor-general of Erzurum , Abaza Mehmed Pasha , decided to march on Istanbul to avenge the murder of Osman II. The regime tried to end

2400-525: Was not allowed in the city by the people of Ankara and rebelled again, only to be crushed by Murad Pasha's forces. Kalenderoğlu ended up fleeing to Persia. Murad Pasha then suppressed some smaller revolts in Central Anatolia and suppressed other Jelali chiefs by inviting them to join the army. Due to the widespread violence of the Jelali revolts, a great number of people had fled their villages and

2450-480: Was sent back to the Old Palace. The conflict between the Janissaries and Osman II presented him with a second chance. After a Janissary rebellion led to the deposition and assassination of Osman II in 1622, Mustafa was restored to the throne and held it for another year. Nevertheless, according to Baki Tezcan, there is not enough evidence to properly establish that Mustafa was mentally imbalanced when he came to

2500-545: Was then the only other candidate for the Ottoman throne. His brother's execution would have endangered the dynasty, and thus he was spared. His mother tried to interfere in his affairs and influence his decision, especially she wanted to control his communication and movements. In the earlier part of his reign, Ahmed I showed decision and vigor, which were belied by his subsequent conduct. The wars in Hungary and Persia , which attended his accession, terminated unfavourably for

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