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46-603: The traditional territory of the Semá:th people ( Sumas First Nation ), a band of the Sto:lo Nation , the lake lay midway between the present-day Canadian cities of Chilliwack and Abbotsford , British Columbia , and extended past the Canada–United States border into the territory east of Sumas , Whatcom County , Washington , necessitating a British Columbia Electric Railway trestle (which remains today as

92-473: A dyke ) across it from Huntingdon to the foot of Vedder Mountain. The lake used to support sturgeon , trout , salmon , grizzly bears and geese , and its wetland habitat was a destination for migrating birds and a breeding ground for both fish and waterfowl . Flocks of white-fronted goose as well as whistling swan and Hutchins geese also used the lake. Its partially sandy banks also provided for sturgeon spawning grounds. The lake supplied food to

138-720: A block east, staying parallel to Douglas Street. Highway 1 passes the Royal BC Museum and intersects Belleville Street, a short connector that carries a section of Highway 17 from the Black Ball Ferries terminal (which is used by the MV ; Coho to Port Angeles, Washington ) and passes the British Columbia Parliament Buildings . The highway travels through Downtown Victoria and passes several city landmarks, including

184-750: A divided highway with limited access at signalized intersections. In southern Nanaimo , it has a short concurrency with Highway 19 , which continues east to the Duke Point ferry terminal and northwest along the Strait of Georgia . Highway 1 travels through central Nanaimo on Nicol Street and Stewart Avenue to the Departure Bay ferry terminal , where the Vancouver Island section ends. BC Ferries operates an automobile ferry service from Departure Bay to Horseshoe Bay that carries Highway 1 to

230-642: A high rate of collisions. The section also has occasional closures, relying on the limited-capacity Mill Bay Ferry or the longer Pacific Marine Circle Route as alternate connections between Greater Victoria and other Vancouver Island communities. Highway 1 passes the Malahat SkyWalk , an observation built by the Malahat First Nation , and through farmland surrounding Mill Bay . The highway travels around central Duncan and through North Cowichan and Ladysmith as it continues north as

276-409: A nearby statue of runner Terry Fox to commemorate his cross-country marathon that was planned to end at the monument. The highway travels north on Douglas Street and forms the boundary between the residential James Bay neighbourhood to the west and Beacon Hill Park to the east. At the northwest edge of the park, Blanshard Street, which later carries Highway 17 , splits off from the highway to run

322-626: A new freeway in the Lower Mainland that opened in the 1960s and 1970s and was numbered Highway 401 . The western terminus of Highway 1 and the 7,821-kilometre (4,860 mi) main route of the Trans-Canada Highway is at Dallas Road on the southern coast of Victoria , which faces the Strait of Juan de Fuca . The terminus is marked by the Mile Zero Monument , a wooden sign at the foot of Beacon Hill Park , with

368-541: A new, high-level Second Narrows Bridge began two months later and was planned to be incorporated into the Trans-Canada Highway upon completion. On June 17, 1958, several spans of the unfinished bridge collapsed during work on the main arch; 18 workers died and one diver also died during a later search at the site. The Second Narrows Bridge was dedicated to the accident's victims and opened to traffic on August 25, 1960; it cost $ 23 million to construct and

414-467: A railroad underpass near Lytton were also damaged in the same event. As a result of the floods, which also damaged other highways in the Fraser Valley, road connections from Metro Vancouver to the rest of Canada were cut off. The Interior section of Highway 1 is considered sub-standard when compared to other highways with similar traffic volume in the U.S. or other parts of Canada. The majority of

460-509: A six-year-old girl who cut the blue ribbon. About 6.4 km (4 mi) of the road had been opened before Gaglardi officially opened the bypass. Work on the bypass started on December 12, 1956, with two men clearing bushes. Around the time of opening of the Chilliwack Bypass, a bypass of Abbotsford was also being constructed. That section of freeway was officially opened by Phil Gaglardi on April 19, 1962. On May 1, 1964,

506-479: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Canadian government –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . British Columbia Highway 1 Highway 1 is a provincial highway in British Columbia , Canada, that carries the main route of the Trans-Canada Highway (TCH). The highway is 1,047 kilometres (651 mi) long and connects Vancouver Island ,

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552-540: Is derived from a Cowichan tribe . Their reserve land area covers 245.3 hectares and has a population of 332. In 2021, 60 hectares of government land adjacent to Fraser River Heritage Park and the Pekw’xe:yles Indian Reserve , the former site of St. Mary's Indian Residential School , was transferred to the Leq’á:mel, Matsqui (Mathexwi) and Sumas (Semá:th) First Nations Society. Not being reserve land,

598-596: Is in the provincial capital of Victoria , where it serves as a city street and freeway in the suburbs. Highway 1 travels north to Nanaimo and reaches the Lower Mainland at Horseshoe Bay via a BC Ferries route across the Strait of Georgia . The highway bypasses Vancouver on a freeway that travels through Burnaby , northern Surrey , and Abbotsford while following the Fraser River inland. The freeway ends in Hope , where Highway 1 turns north and later east to follow

644-635: The BC Electric Railway route skirted the south shore of the lake. After the devastating 1894 Fraser basin flood, and in order to create more fertile farmland for settlers, BC Electric engineer Fred Sinclair formed a plan to drain the lake in the early 1920s. By 1924 the Chilliwack River had been diverted west into the newly formed Vedder Canal . The lake was then drained through the Sumas Drainage Canal and into

690-719: The Fairmont Empress Hotel , the Bay Centre , Chinatown , and Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre . It follows Douglas Street, a six-lane urban thoroughfare with bus lanes during peak periods , and continues north into the suburban municipality of Saanich . Near the Uptown shopping centre , Highway 1 turns west and becomes a limited-access road that travels alongside the Galloping Goose Regional Trail through residential areas and along

736-543: The Finlayson Arm to bypass the section was among 19 options studied in 2007, but were discarded in favor of other solutions that would cost less. In 2019, the provincial government studied the construction of a permanent detour for the Goldstream–Malahat section of Highway 1 and identified several potential routes, but instead decided to move forward with safety improvements to the existing highway. The section

782-703: The Fraser River around the northeastern tip of the Sumas Mountain. The multi-year project, entailing massive cost overruns on the building of drainage works, effectively turned Sumas Lake into the Sumas Prairie . Farm lands recovered from the lake were not as good as claimed, and sold for less than anticipated. Dairy farming, and another already established crop, hops, continued to be important to profitability, while other crops such as grains did not take hold as anticipated. Having been sold off to settlers in

828-671: The Fraser River , along with November 1990 and November 2021 due to extreme rainfall. In 2019, the city of Abbotsford received federal funding to study flooding of the former Sumas Lake area related to overflow from the Nooksack River . The report found that although a one in 35-year flood such as that of 1990 could be contained, a larger one that breached dikes had the potential to refill Sumas Lake and leave parts of Sumas Prairie under more than three metres of water, submerging homes, destroying property, killing livestock, and thereby compromising food security for those who depend upon

874-627: The Goldstream River into Goldstream Provincial Park , where it meets several trailheads . The Island Highway continues along the west side of the Saanich Inlet and enters the Cowichan Valley Regional District near Malahat . It descends from Malahat Summit, at 352 metres (1,155 ft) above sea level , on a highway with passing lanes and a median barrier added in the late 2010s in response to

920-800: The Greater Vancouver region in the Lower Mainland , and the Interior . It is the westernmost portion of the main TCH to be numbered "Highway 1", which continues through Western Canada and extends to the Manitoba – Ontario boundary. The section of Highway 1 in the Lower Mainland is the second-busiest freeway in Canada, after Ontario Highway 401 in Toronto. The highway's western terminus

966-459: The Highway of Heroes . On September 4, 2020, a new interchange with 216 Street was opened. On November 10, 2022, it was announced that major construction of a new overpass at Glover Road (which will be built first), a revised interchange with Highway 10/232 St. and widening to three lanes between 216 Street and Highway 13/264 St. had started. This work is part of a plan to eventually widen

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1012-502: The Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. A typical vessel assigned to the route can carry 1,460 to 1,571 passengers and 310 to 322 vehicles. The Vancouver Island section of Highway 1 was designated in the initial numbering scheme announced by the provincial government in March 1940, along with Highway 1A. It originally connected Victoria to Kelsey Bay , a small coastal community north of Campbell River . The Vancouver Island section

1058-820: The Old Yale Road in the Fraser Valley , the Cariboo Road , and the Big Bend Highway . The provincial government designated Highway 1 in 1941 on a portion of the Island Highway between Victoria and Kelsey Bay as well as the Vancouver–Banff highway. It was incorporated into the national Trans-Canada Highway program, which was established in 1949 and completed in 1962. Other sections of the highway were realigned in later years, including

1104-612: The Pattullo Bridge , Kingsway , and Fraser Highway as the Trans-Canada Highway. These roads were a part of the Highway 1 from its designation in 1940 until the redesignation of the B.C.'s 400 series highways in 1972/73. By 1932 a new cutoff across northern parts of the drained Sumas Lake was mostly built. The cutoff bypassed the Yale Road which avoided the historical lake by running on its southern flank and along

1150-524: The Sto:lo people located in the Upper Fraser Valley region, at the community of Kilgard a.k.a. Upper Sumas, part of Abbotsford , British Columbia , Canada . They are a member government of the Sto:lo Nation tribal council. Its governance structure is a custom electoral system . The current chief is Dalton Silver. The official language is Halq'eméylem . The group occupies

1196-506: The 1930s for $ 60–120 an acre, the former lakebed has since been transformed into highly successful agricultural, residential and commercial zones. As of 2013 the area of the former lake was the subject of a specific land claim by Sumas First Nation. In addition to flooding recorded in the region prior to the draining of the lake, significant flood events in the area of the former Sumas Lake have occurred on numerous occasions, notably in 1894, 1948, 1972 and 2007 due to major spring freshets of

1242-606: The 2000s and 2010s multiple interchanges were upgraded and rebuilt along the highway. The Gateway program saw the rebuilding of several interchanges from Willingdon Avenue to 176 Street . Through Abbotsford the Mount Lehman/Fraser Highway, Clearbrook Road, and McCallum Road interchanges were rebuilt. On June 9, 2011, Highway 1 between 152 Street in Surrey and Highway 11 in Abbotsford was designated as

1288-604: The 2000s, 25 kilometres of road in the Kicking Horse Pass near Golden have been rebuilt in phases to modern standards, with four lanes and the removal of sharp corners. The final phase is due for completion in 2024. During major floods in November 2021 , sections of Highway 1 between Hope and Spences Bridge were washed away into the Thompson River. Other sections of the highway on Vancouver Island and

1334-529: The BC MOT's "Go Green" project to promote the use of HOV vehicles, and cost $ 62 million. The highway shortens to two lanes per direction after leaving Langley (Metro Vancouver), and enters Abbotsford (Fraser Valley). The Upper Levels Highway opened between Horseshoe Bay and Taylor Way in West Vancouver on September 14, 1957, replacing a section of Marine Drive that had carried Highway 1. Construction on

1380-592: The Fraser and Thompson rivers into the Interior and through Kamloops . The highway continues east across the Columbia Mountains , serving three national parks : Mount Revelstoke , Glacier , and Yoho . Highway 1 enters Alberta at Kicking Horse Pass near Banff National Park . Highway 1 was preceded by several overland trails and wagon roads established in the mid-to-late 19th century, including

1426-525: The Sumas Band, and their life ways were intimately connected to it. In the late 1800s, the lake drew the attention of various naturalists within the growing European population engaged in the work of cataloging the flora and fauna that they encountered where they settled. Early farmyards in the vicinity of Sumas Lake were laid out as "dry-point" farms on narrow ridges formed by old lake shorelines to escape periodic flooding of adjacent lowlands. Similarly,

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1472-526: The base of Vedder Mountain . The highway was initially partly gravel, but it was fully paved within a few years of its opening. From 1960 to 1964, the province opened several expressway and freeway segments as a part of a continuous express route between Bridal Falls and Taylor Way in West Vancouver . On August 1, 1960, the Chilliwack Bypass was officially opened by Highways Minister Phil Gaglardi , MLA for Chillwack William Kenneth Kiernan and

1518-406: The former Sumas Lake area, taking into consideration circumstances of climate change, food security, social justice in relation to the colonial history of dispossession, and the relative costs of attempting to maintain the status quo compared to managed retreat . Sumas First Nation The Sumas First Nation ( Halkomelem : Sema:th ) Sumalh or Sumas Indian Band is a band government of

1564-466: The highway to Whatcom Road in Abbotsford. Several sections of Highway 1 between Revelstoke and the Alberta border are under the jurisdiction of Parks Canada . The first section of the highway to be twinned was the 12-kilometre stretch in 1984–1985 through Malakwa starting 8 kilometres east of Sicamous until Oxbow Road. This remained the only four-lane stretch east of Kamloops until the 2000s. Since

1610-522: The north side of Portage Inlet . The highway becomes a full freeway with four-to-six lanes as it enters the town of View Royal and travels around the north side of Mill Hill Regional Park . It then intersects Highway 14 in Langford and reverts to a limited-access road with a median divider. Highway 1 (part of the Island Highway) then travels around Bear Mountain and turns north to follow

1656-597: The prairie on the lakebed itself, so they did not have to evacuate when the former lake flooded during the November 2021 Pacific Northwest floods . Before 1962 the people were known as Sumas (Kilgard) and are distinct from the Leqʼ a꞉ mel who were also known as the Sumas before 1962. Other previous names include: Nicomen Slough, Somass River and Sumas Tribe. The name "Sumas" means "big flat opening" or "land without trees" and

1702-471: The property remains under provincial and local government laws. Most of it was leased back to the government for use as a park and recreational area. The property also contains pre-contact archaeological sites. The First Nation band council runs a number of businesses including Semath Industries . This First Nations in Canada –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This British Columbia politics–related article

1748-634: The region for agriculture . In November 2021, during the 2021 Pacific Northwest floods , this did occur. The overflow from the Nooksack River and the Fraser River filled Sumas Lake, flooding segments of British Columbia Highway 1 and forcing the evacuation of 1100 homes, along with farms and farm workers in Abbotsford. Following the long history of repeated flooding and the particular calamity of Fall 2021, there has been discussion including among experts about appropriate ongoing management of

1794-520: The region near the Sumas Prairie , and historically used Sumas Lake as "our supermarket, our shopping centre," before it was drained by colonial authorities who wanted to farm the land underneath. When the lake was drained, the First Nation was pushed onto a nearby reserve so that settlers could use the fertile soil underneath the lake. The First Nation occupies higher ground near the Prairie, not

1840-547: The route is a dangerous, undivided two-lane highway with sharp corners, prone to frequent closures and accidents. To address this, the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure has undertaken an effort to twin the highway to four-lane 100 km/h standards between Kamloops and Alberta, with a targeted completion date of 2050. Several stretches of four-lane divided highway, including the Monte Creek to Pritchard section;

1886-529: The section of Freeway between what is now north of the 1st Avenue interchange to the Cape Horn Interchange opened. This was followed on June 12 by the opening of the Port Mann bridge, and the official opening of the freeway-expressway system from Bridal Falls to Taylor Way. A 90-year-old man and 11-year-old girl assisted Premier W.A.C. Bennett and Phil Gaglardi in opening the bridge. At

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1932-471: The time of the bridge's opening, various speed limits were in effect. The section from Bridal Falls to the Port Mann Bridge had a 70 mph (110 km/h) limit. Through Burnaby, 65 mph (105 km/h) was the limit. Speeds dropped on approach to Cassiar Street with a 50 mph (80 km/h) limit west of Boundary Road, with a drop to 30 mph (48 km/h) for Cassiar Street. Over

1978-677: The years, various interchanges have been built and rebuilt. On July 31, 1969, the interchange with Lickman Road in Chilliwack opened. The Prest Road overpass followed in the early 1970s. In January 1992 the Cassiar Tunnel opened. The project replaced a surface street section of Cassiar Street which was used by traffic to get from the Burnaby Freeway to the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge . Through

2024-525: Was severely damaged by several floods in November 2021 , which closed the road for several days and required $ 15 million in repairs the following year. Sections of Highway 1 from Grandview Highway in Vancouver to 216 Street in Langley vary from being 3 to 4 lanes in each direction, with one of these lanes being a high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane . These HOV lanes were constructed in 1998 as part of

2070-488: Was the second-longest bridge in Canada at the time of its completion. The Upper Levels Highway was extended 9.3 kilometres (5.76 mi) east to the Second Narrows Bridge on March 4, 1961; the limited-access highway across North Vancouver cost $ 50 million to construct. Prior to the opening of the freeway (and prior to the 1980s and 1990s, expressway) segments of the present Trans-Canada, traffic used

2116-547: Was truncated to downtown Nanaimo in 1953, with the section north of Nanaimo being re-numbered to Highway 19 . When BC Ferries took over the ferry route between Departure Bay in Nanaimo and Horseshoe Bay in West Vancouver in 1961, Highway 1 was extended to the Departure Bay ferry dock. The Malahat Highway was completed in 1911 as a gravel road with a single lane and was later upgraded to two paved lanes. A bridge across

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