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71-586: The island is part of the Niagara Escarpment archipelago in northwestern Lake Michigan. Its highest point is 710 feet (217 m) above sea level, and 129 feet (40 m) above the level of the lake. One of its most prominent shoreline features is Gravel Point, a northern headland that stretches toward the Garden Peninsula mainland. More than half the island is owned by the state of Michigan and administered as part of Lake Superior State Forest . On

142-652: A first step toward compensation. The 1907 "Wooster" roll, named after the clerk who compiled it, documented 457 Potawatomi living in Wisconsin and Michigan and 1423 in Ontario. Instead of returning the land, a meager monthly payment was issued. Although Kahquados was unsuccessful, he increased public awareness of Potawatomi history. In 1931, 15,000 people attended his burial in Peninsula State Park. In 1818, Michilimackinac and Brown counties were formed by

213-636: A passing boat. From the 1840s to the 1880s, the Clark brothers operated a fishing camp at Whitefish Bay that employed 30 to 40 fishermen. Additionally, 200–300 Potawatomi extracted fish oil from the fish waste at the camp. The Menominee ceded their claim to the Door Peninsula to the United States in the 1831 Treaty of Washington . As a result of this treaty, settlers could purchase land, but many fishermen still chose to live as squatters. At

284-666: A village of Potawatomi in what is now Robert La Salle County Park. During the 1670s Louis André ministered to about 500 Native Americans at Rowleys Bay , where he erected a cross. The cross stood until about 1870. Around 1690, Nicolas Perrot visited the Potawatomi on Washington Island. In 1720, Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix visited the area with eight experienced voyageurs . Six Jesuit rings marked with letters or symbols and turquoise colored glass trade beads were found on Rock Island in remains left by Potowatomi, Odawa , and Huron - Peton -Odawa Native Americans during

355-679: Is a long escarpment , or cuesta , in Canada and the United States that starts from the south shore of Lake Ontario westward, circumscribes the top of the Great Lakes Basin running from New York through Ontario , Michigan , and Wisconsin . The escarpment is the cliff over which the Niagara River plunges at Niagara Falls , for which it is named. The escarpment is a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve . The reserve has

426-550: Is an eastern white cedar from 688 A.D. The oldest known tree in Wisconsin, a 1,300 year-old eastern white cedar, was found in Brown County. Door Peninsula The Door Peninsula is a peninsula in eastern Wisconsin , separating the southern part of the Green Bay from Lake Michigan . The peninsula includes northern Kewaunee County , northeastern Brown County , and the mainland portion of Door County . It

497-471: Is essentially the remnant shoreline of that sea.) There the constant deposition of minute shells and fragments of biologically-generated calcium carbonate , mixed with sediment washed in by erosion of the virtually lifeless landmasses, eventually formed a limestone layer. During the Silurian period, some magnesium substituted for some of the calcium in the carbonates, slowly forming harder dolomite layers in

568-560: Is on the western side of the Niagara Escarpment . Well known for its cherry and apple orchards, the Door Peninsula is a popular tourism destination. With the 1881 completion of the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal , the northern half of the peninsula became an island. Limestone outcroppings of the Niagara Escarpment are visible on both shores of the peninsula, but are larger and more prominent on the Green Bay side as seen at

639-580: Is the site of the largest wine-producing appellation (region) in Canada. Cool-climate varieties such as Riesling, Chardonnay, Gamay Noir, Pinot Noir, and Cabernet Franc are among the more than 30 varietals produced across 13,600 hectares (33,606 acres). Three subappellations lie along the benchlands of the Niagara Escarpment: Short Hills Bench , Twenty Mile Bench , and Beamsville Bench . Northeastern Wisconsin, at

710-535: Is thought to begin south of the mouth of the Oconto River on the west side. It changes direction at Pensaukee , north of Long Tail Point and continues northward to Sturgeon Bay. The position of Long Tail Point marks the east-west division between the two masses of water. Walleye found in the Sturgeon Bay and Little Sturgeon area had 87% more PCBs than walleye from the western side of Green Bay at

781-654: Is unknown, but they could have found it in a glacial deposit, traded for it, or migrated from the far north. As of 2007, seven Clovis points have been found in Door County, and four Gainey points were found at the Cardy Site. The relationship between Gainey points and the more ubiquitous Clovis points is being researched, but there are some similarities. Careful study of certain Paleo-Indian artifacts from western Wisconsin suggests that they were made in

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852-494: The Bayshore Blufflands . Progressions of dunes have created much of the rest of the shoreline, especially on the east side. Flora along the shore demonstrate plant succession during periods of low lake levels. The middle of the peninsula is mostly flat. Beyond the peninsula's northern tip is a series of islands, the largest of which is Washington Island . The partially submerged ridge extends farther north, becoming

923-575: The Garden Peninsula in Michigan's Upper Peninsula . Paleo-Indian artifacts have been found at two sites in the town of Union and two sites in the city of Sturgeon Bay. The Cardy and Salisbury Steak sites are located about a mile from each other in the south side of the city, and the Heyrman I and Boss Tavern (or Fabry Creek) sites are a quarter-mile from each other along Highway 57 in

994-572: The Lake Michigan side. In 1994 the state record Chinook was taken; it weighed 44 pounds, 15 ounces, and was 47.5 inches long. In 2016 the Wisconsin state record for pinook (a hybrid of the pink and Chinook salmons) was set at a weight of 9 pounds, 1.6 ounces, and 27.87 inches. In 2018, Kewaunee County ranked first in the state with 26,557 Chinook salmon caught. Door County ranked second with 14,268 fish caught. Round gobies eat mussels off

1065-575: The Oak Ridges Moraine , conceal the Niagara Escarpment, such as north of Georgetown, Ontario , where it actually continues under glacial till and reappears farther north. The dolomite cap was laid down as sediment on the floor of a marine environment. In Michigan, behind (south of) the escarpment, the cuesta capstone slopes gently to form a wide basin , the floor of an Ordovician -Silurian-age tropical sea. (The escarpment

1136-544: The Upper Peninsula of northern Michigan, south of Sault Ste. Marie . It extends down the Garden Peninsula and Potawatomi Islands into Wisconsin following the Door Peninsula and then continues more inland from the western coast of Lake Michigan until ending in the southeastern corner of Dodge County. Study of rock exposures and drillholes demonstrates that no displacement of the rock layers occurs at

1207-697: The 17th and 18th centuries. The remains of four Native American buildings were documented at the Rock Island II Site during 1969–1973 excavations. By the end of French rule over the area in 1763, the Potawatomi had begun a move to the Detroit area, leaving the large communities in Wisconsin. Later, some Potawatomi moved back from Michigan to northern Wisconsin. Some but not all Potawatomi later left northern Wisconsin for northern Indiana and central Illinois. In 1815, Captain Talbot Chambers

1278-488: The 19th century, Summer Harbor was a fishing station for the harvesting of lake trout and whitefish , and served as a place to live for a small corps of loggers who harvested the island's timber. In the early 20th century, Summer Harbor was again abandoned. Archeologists excavated the Native American/Euro-American settlement site in 1968–70. Niagara Escarpment The Niagara Escarpment

1349-462: The 19th century, various Native Americans occupied the Door Peninsula and nearby islands. 17th-century French explorers made contact with various tribes in the area. In 1634, the Jean Nicolet expedition landed at Rock Island . This is considered the first visit by a European to what is now Wisconsin. There are competing claims to the landing site of French explorer Jean Nicolet in 1634, who

1420-596: The Door Peninsula and Washington Island , connecting the bay to the rest of Lake Michigan. It was named by the Native Americans and translated into French as Porte des Morts : in English, "Death's Door". The earliest known written reference to this comes from a 1728 mention of "Cap a la Mort" ("Cape of Death") in French. The Menominee name for the peninsula was "Kenatao", meaning "cape". Before and during

1491-575: The Door Peninsula and carried across the state. Paleo-Indian stone tools from made from stone sourced from the Door Peninsula or its immediate vicinity have been found as far west as in Trempealeau , La Crosse , Jackson , and Jackson , and Monroe counties and as far south as Dane County . Archaeological evidence shows habitation of the peninsula and its islands by several different Native American groups. Artifacts from an ancient village site at Nicolet Bay Beach date to about 400 BC. This site

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1562-464: The Door Peninsula were mapped in 1978. Lake whitefish spawn in Moonlight Bay. From 1962 to 1965, 39 smallmouth bass nests were observed in a variety of county waters. Water depth varied from 17 inches to at least five feet and possibly deeper. 27 of the nests were made on gravel or rubble, 8 were made on sand, and 4 were made on bedrock with overlaying gravel. Adult fish were observed on 14 of

1633-464: The Door Peninsula. Fall runs are often limited by tributary flow. When low flow prevents runs into streams, spawning occurs along rocky lakeshores. Adults often lay eggs around docks and harbors along the peninsula, and most bays in the area have populations of brown trout. Beginning in 1964, first coho and then Chinook salmon were stocked in Lake Michigan. New Chinook fingerling stocking in

1704-593: The Lake Michigan side or near Washington Island. In 2021, an outbreak of Largemouth Bass Virus among smallmouth bass occurred in county waters on the Green Bay side. From 2007–2010, two smallmouth bass within Sturgeon Bay were found to be infected with viral hemorrhagic septicemia . Each of the two bass were infected with a different variant. Both variants have only been found in the upper, but not middle or lower Great Lakes. Remains of sturgeon , catfish, sucker, smallmouth bass, white bass , walleye, and drum left behind by Native Americans were found near North Bay in

1775-550: The Michigan territorial legislature. The border between the two ran through the peninsula at Sturgeon Bay. What is now the southern part of Door County was in Brown County, while the northern part was in Michilimackinac County. In 1836, the northern part of Door County was taken from Michilimackinac County and added to Brown County as part of an overall border adjustment limiting Michilimackinac to areas within

1846-458: The Niagara Escarpment, beginning its long descent through rolling hills, farmland, and towns west of Milton. Rock exposed on the face of the escarpment can be seen along Highway 26 from Owen Sound eastwards towards Meaford, Ontario . Hamilton, Ontario is on the escarpment in such a way that the north end of the city is below and the south part above. Commonly referred to as "The Mountain" by its residents, many roads or "mountain accesses" join

1917-639: The Paleo-Indians at the Cardy Site , which primarily used Moline chert from Illinois, and the group at the Salisbury Steak site, which used chert and sandstone from a variety of sources. One possible explanation for why the two sites in the town of Union featured more local stone material than the Cardy site could be from their occupants using different travel routes. The Niagara Escarpment

1988-704: The Wisconsin Potowatomi with less than what was paid to Potowatomi from the Chicago area. Although not all Potawatomi participated in the Treaty of Chicago, it was federal policy that any who did not relocate westward as the treaty stipulated would not be compensated for their land. Additionally, some preferred the climate of the Great Lakes area over that of the Plains, and American governmental policy for

2059-410: The area beginning in 1837 tended towards forced rather than voluntary Indian removal. Moving to Canada became a way to stay in the Great Lakes area without risking removal. Potawatomi leader Simon Kahquados traveled to Washington, D.C. multiple times in an attempt to get the land back. In 1906, Congress passed a law to establish a census of all Potawatomi formerly living in Wisconsin and Michigan as

2130-650: The bedrock of the Great Lakes Basin . From its easternmost point just south of Lake Ontario, the escarpment shapes in part the individual basins and landforms of Lake Ontario , Lake Huron , and Lake Michigan . In Rochester, New York , the Genesee River flows through the city in three waterfalls over the scarp face. The escarpment thence runs westward to the Niagara River, forming a deep gorge north of Niagara Falls , which itself cascades over

2201-629: The court mistakenly appeared to award islands north of Rock Island in Delta County to Wisconsin (and by extension to Door County). Door County never assumed jurisdiction over these Michigan islands, and the matter was fixed again before the Supreme Court in the 1936 Wisconsin v. Michigan decision, which left governance of the islands in Door and Delta counties as they had been before the litigation. The more tourism-dominated northern part of

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2272-472: The delightfullest lake of the world. I tooke notice of their Cottages & of the journeys of our navigation, for because that the country was so pleasant, so beautiful & fruitfull that it grieved me to see that the world could not discover such inticing countrys to live in. This I say because that the Europeans fight for a rock in the sea against one another, or for a sterill land and horrid country, that

2343-509: The east of Lake Winnebago where other Moline chert artifacts have been found. The Salisbury Steak site was used as a stone tool workshop, and appears to have been occupied later than the other three sites. The stone materials found at the site come from only a single occupation, and include local material, sandstone coming from the south or west, and chert from the Hudson Bay Lowlands in Canada. How they acquired Canadian stone

2414-641: The escarpment between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario on the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario. The canal also allowed Sea Lamprey , an invasive species native to Northern Atlantic Ocean, to enter Lake Erie and became a concern for the lake's ecosystem. In southern Ontario, the Bruce Trail runs the length of the escarpment from Queenston on the Niagara River to Tobermory on the Bruce Peninsula. Highway 401 , Canada's busiest, also crosses

2485-409: The escarpment, which is not a fault line but the result of unequal erosion . The escarpment's caprock is dolomitic limestone , also known as dolostone , which is more resistant and overlies weaker, more easily eroded shale as a weathering -resistant "cap". The escarpment formed over millions of years through a process of differential erosion of these rocks of different hardnesses. Through time

2556-463: The glaciers. Small obsequent streams flow from near the crest of the escarpment into Green Bay, and small resequent streams flow down the longer slope into Lake Michigan. The Kewaunee River , the Ahnapee River , Lilly Bay Creek and streams in the towns of Forestville and Clay Banks are all resequent streams. Spawning areas and other fish habitat areas adjacent to the islands north of

2627-439: The hole rather than a sudden collapse. Some are regularly filled by tilling or natural erosion, only to subside more due to meltwater or heavy rain. Many caves are found in the escarpment. One of them, Horseshoe Bay Cave , is Wisconsin's second-longest and contains a 45-foot-high underground waterfall. Horseshoe Bay Cave is home to rare invertebrates . Several tiny caves at Peninsula State Park are open and accessible to

2698-598: The island's northeast side, two shallow points protect Summer Harbor, a small maritime shelter and site of a former settlement. Summer Harbor is adjacent to an archeological landmark listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Summer Island site . Pottery recovered here indicates that the island may have been inhabited since the Middle Woodland period (circa 1 CE – 500 CE). During

2769-499: The larks will fall in their mouths roasted; but we ought [to remember] that vertue is not acquired without labour & taking great paines. In 1669, Claude-Jean Allouez also wintered with the Potawatomi . He mentioned an area called "la Portage des Eturgeons." In 1673, Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet stayed in the area about three months as part of their exploration. In 1679, the party led by La Salle purchased food from

2840-525: The love of God in converting the souls heere, is more to be gained to heaven then what is by differences of nothing there, should not be so many dangers committed under the pretence of religion! Why so many thoesoever are hid from us by our owne faults, by our negligence, covetousnesse, & unbeliefe. It's true, I confesse, that the accesse is difficult, but must say that we are like the Cockscombs of Paris, when first they begin to have wings, imagining that

2911-507: The main channel of Green Bay correctly. In particular, some once incorrectly considered Green Island in what is now the town of Peshtigo in Marinette County to be in the town of Egg Harbor in Door County. In 1923, Michigan claimed ownership of Plum , Detroit , Washington , Hog , and Rock islands in Door County, although it did not take possession of them. In 1926, the Supreme Court dismissed Michigan's claim. In doing so,

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2982-514: The mouth of the Oconto River . This fits what is known about the distribution of PCBs which spread from industries in the Fox River Valley. Dry valleys are in the western and central areas of the peninsula. Some carry water during the spring snow melt to a larger drainage or stream, but several have been found which appear unrelated to current drainage patterns. They may have been formed from melting glaciers or drainage patterns prior to

3053-474: The nests and eggs were seen in 19 of the nests. During part of the study carp were seen stirring up the water in Little Sturgeon Bay. This kept the water extremely turbid during the entire smallmouth bass spawning period which prevented any smallmouth eggs from hatching. Brown trout were first planted in the Wisconsin side of Lake Michigan in 1966. They now spawn in Lake Michigan tributaries on

3124-579: The oldest forest ecosystem and trees in eastern North America. The escarpment is not a fault line but the result of unequal erosion . It is composed of an outcrop belt of the Lockport Formation of Silurian age, and is similar to the Onondaga Formation , which runs in a parallel outcrop belt just to the south, through western New York and southern Ontario . The escarpment is the most prominent of several escarpments formed in

3195-618: The park. The relief and exposed edge are used by several wind farms stretching from Pipe to Brownsville in Wisconsin. Wind speeds average 18 mph (about 29 km/h) along this stretch. The Niagara Escarpment is a prominent Wisconsin feature in Dodge County, southwest of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin; it is known there as "The Ledge" and is in Ledge County Park between Horicon and Mayville, Wisconsin. Some local organizations take their name from it, including The Ledgers,

3266-477: The peninsula was acculturated from the professional and business classes of the tourists, while the more agriculture-dominated southern remained more rural in character. Due to economic, ethnic, and cultural differences between the northern and southern parts of the present-day Door County, arguments are sometimes started about the most appropriate place to draw the Door–Kewaunee line. A pit cave containing

3337-513: The people sent heere or there by the changement of the aire ingenders sicknesse and dies thereof. Contrarywise those kingdoms are so delicious & under so temperat a climat, plentifull of all things, the earth bringing foorth its fruit twice a yeare, the people live long & lusty & wise in their way. What conquest would that bee att litle or no cost; what laborinth of pleasure should millions of people have, instead that millions complaine of misery & poverty! What should not men reape out of

3408-409: The plentiful waters off the peninsula. On five occasions from May through June 2017, researchers attempted to catch larval fish at the mouth of Sugar Creek using traps with green glowsticks as lures. They only caught white suckers , with the traps catching the most suckers per hour from May 15–22. Smallmouth bass in county waters off the Green Bay side have been found to migrate more than those off

3479-441: The public. Eagle Cave is larger but opens midway up the scarp face. Only one cave not formed by karst or lakeshore erosion has been discovered in Door County. It opens in the basement of a nursing home in Sturgeon Bay. Sturgeon Bay and Little Sturgeon are considered biodiversity hotspots because they support a large number of different fish species. North of the peninsula, warm water from Green Bay flows into Lake Michigan on

3550-402: The rocky shoreline, and in turn are eaten by lake trout, smallmouth bass, burbot, walleye, lake whitefish, and yellow perch. In 2014 the state speargun record for the invasive round goby was taken by out of Door County waters on the Lake Michigan side. It weighed 5.0 ounces and was 8.25 inches long. Tagging studies have shown whitefish migrating from Big Bay de Noc which has less food to

3621-633: The same fashion. This dolomite basin contains Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie. Worldwide sea levels were at their all-time maximum in the Ordovician; as the sea retreated, erosion inevitably began. The escarpment was a major obstacle in the construction of the Erie Canal in New York and was traversed by a series of locks; the community which grew up at the site thus became known as Lockport, New York . The Welland Canal allows ships to traverse

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3692-456: The same time, the more decentralized Potawatomi were divested of their land without compensation. Some Potawatomi as late as 1845 made sure to visit and gamble with the Menominee shortly after the periodic annuity payments were issued. Many emigrated to Canada because of multiple factors. One factor was invitations from Native Americans already in Canada for the Potawatomi to join them. Another

3763-766: The scarp face. In southern Ontario , it spans the Niagara Peninsula , closely following the Lake Ontario shore through the cities of St. Catharines and Hamilton , where it takes a sharp turn north in the town of Milton toward Georgian Bay . It then follows the Georgian Bay shore northwestwards to form the spine of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island , as well as several smaller islands in northern Lake Huron, where it turns westwards into

3834-455: The skeletal remains of both present-day and pre-Columbian animals opens at the southern base of Brussels Hill . It is the deepest known pit cave and the fourth-longest known cave of any sort in Wisconsin. It was discovered by excavating three sinkholes in an extensive project. Hundreds of sinkholes in Door County have been found and marked on an electronic map. Most sinkholes on the peninsula are formed by gradual subsidence of material into

3905-549: The soft rocks weather away or erode by the action of streams. The gradual removal of the soft rocks undercuts the resistant caprock, leaving a cliff or escarpment. The erosional process is most readily seen at Niagara Falls , where the river has quickened the process. It can also be seen at the three waterfalls of the Genesee River at Rochester (additional resistant rock layers make more than one escarpment in some places). Also, in some places thick glacial deposits, such as

3976-466: The soon-to-be-reduced Michigan Territory . When Door County was separated off from Brown County in 1851, it included what is now Kewaunee County. Kewaunee County was separated off of Door County in 1852. Although the Door– Marinette county lines within the Wisconsin part of Green Bay were assigned to the "center of the main channel of Green Bay," not all maps drew the positions of the islands and

4047-582: The sports teams at St. Mary's Springs Academy , which is perched on the side of the escarpment. Many resorts and ski areas in Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, and New York are along the escarpment. Niagara County, New York , near the eastern end of the escarpment, is the site of the 18,000 acres (7,284 ha) Niagara Escarpment AVA ( American Viticultural Area ). Wines produced in this region include traditional grape varieties such as Merlot , Cabernet Franc , Cabernet Sauvignon , Chardonnay , and Riesling , and fruit wines . Ontario's Niagara Peninsula

4118-784: The spring and egg and milt collection from late September to early November primarily takes place at the Strawberry Creek Chinook Facility in southern Door County. The facility is a public attraction during stocking and collection times. In recent years there has been concern that the alewife population will not support the salmon population, especially as the Chinook population has already collapsed in Lake Huron. Chinook salmon are sought after by tourists enjoying chartered fishing trips . Several state record salmon have been caught out of Door County waters on

4189-610: The stinking water") and, perhaps erroneously, "the People of the Sea". He concluded that this name meant they were from or living near the Pacific Ocean with its aromatic salt air and that they would be a direct link to the people of China , if not from China. In 1665, Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers spent the winter with the Potawatomi . Explaining his travels, Radisson reported that We embarked ourselves on

4260-474: The summer. The presence of the lake produces a vacuum of sorts during the growing season: warm air over the lake rises, sucking colder air off the land and creating offshore breezes. Cold air cannot settle over the vineyards and a constant flow of warmer air makes the growing season here longer than in other parts of the state. The escarpment's glacial soils are made up of gravel, sand, and clay over limestone bedrock. An aquifer provides mineral-rich ground water to

4331-531: The surface, while at the same time, cold lakewater enters Green Bay deep underneath. This is a major reason why oxygen levels in the bay are often too low. In the Lower Green Bay, a counterclockwise circulation of water along the surface of the bay is thought to carry cleaner water south along the western shore, and nutrient-rich water from the Fox River north along the eastern shore. This circulation

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4402-510: The town of Union. It is thought that the Boss Tavern site was used as a base camp, while the Heyrman I site was used as a workshop area for producing stone tools and possibly also as a very brief campsite. Both sites were occupied multiple times by Paleo-Indians. A microwear analysis of the scraping tools found at the Boss Tavern site found that the tools had been used for butchering, skinning, and working with dry hides, and for scraping and smoothing wood. One scraping tool resembled an adze and

4473-448: The urban core below with the suburban expansion above. From 1892 to 1936, the Hamilton Incline Railway transported people up and down "The Mountain." High Cliff State Park in Wisconsin shows how modern and prehistoric humans used the escarpment for not only cultural reasons, but economic gains, as well. A number of different animal and geometric effigy mounds and the remains of an early 20th-century limestone quarry and kiln are within

4544-439: The vines, encouraging deep root growth. In February 1990, the Niagara Escarpment was a designated World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO , making it one of 12 in Canada. Development and land use on and adjacent to the escarpment is regulated by the Niagara Escarpment Commission , an agency of the Ontario government. Cliffs along the scarp face have the oldest forest ecosystem in eastern North America. The oldest tree in Ontario

4615-415: The western end of the escarpment, is the site of the 3,800 sq mi (9,800 km ) Wisconsin Ledge AVA . Most of the region's vineyards lie upon the escarpment's eastern-facing slope that rises gently upward from the shores of Lake Michigan to the top of the Ledge, before dropping sharply off into Green Bay, and benefit greatly from constant air movement from Lake Michigan, which stores warmth during

4686-436: Was British policies to invite and encourage as much Indian emigration from the United States as possible. Even prior to their final emigration, many Potowatomis had periodically migrated into Canada to receive compensation related to their service on the British side during the War of 1812 and to pledge their continued loyalty. Another factor was a desire to avoid the harsh terms of the 1833 Treaty of Chicago , which compensated

4757-413: Was a local source of material to make stone tools, and because the bluffs of the escarpment stretch across the western side of the peninsula, Paleo-Indians traveling on the Green Bay side would have come across it. It has been suggested that those living at the Cardy Site may have instead traveled on the east side of the peninsula away from the bluffs. They could have arrived at the Cardy Site from an area to

4828-399: Was falsely reported to have died fighting Blackhawk Indians on Chambers Island; the island was named for him in 1816. In the spring 1833, Odawa on Detroit Island were baptized during an eight day visit by Frederic Baraga . During an attack in 1835, one of two fishermen squatting on Detroit Island was shot and killed along with one or more Native Americans. The other fisherman was rescued by

4899-413: Was occupied by various cultures until about 1300 AD. In 246 B.C (±25 years), a dog was buried in a Native American burial site on Washington Island. The name of the peninsula and the county comes from the name of a route between Green Bay and Lake Michigan. Humans, whether Native Americans, early explorers, or American ship captains, have been well aware of the dangerous water passage that lies between

4970-474: Was searching for a water route through North America to Asia : Horseshoe Island , which is part of Peninsula State Park , and Red Banks, which is about 7 miles north of what is now Green Bay . Nicolet is remembered in Wisconsin lore for having mistaken the Ho-Chunk Indians for Asians and celebrating, believing he had reached the Far East . Nicolet had heard long before coming that the people living along these shores were called Winnebago ("the people from

5041-400: Was used to support the hypothesis that Paleo-Indians built watercraft. A layer of sand was found at the Boss Tavern site, indicating it was a beach when lake levels were higher than they are today. The tools and waste chips at the Heyrman I site suggest that the Paleo-Indians there may have been less mobile than those who resided at the Boss Tavern site. Additionally, they appear less mobile

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