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122-488: Novell, Inc. ( / n oʊ ˈ v ɛ l / ) was an American software and services company headquartered in Provo , Utah , that existed from 1980 until 2014. Its most significant product was the multi-platform network operating system known as Novell NetWare . Novell technology contributed to the emergence of local area networks , which displaced the dominant mainframe computing model and changed computing worldwide. Under

244-475: A Value Line report on Novell Data Systems as a whole during this period, their "revenue was minimal, but expenses were tremendous." Davis was fired from Novell Data Systems in November 1981. In order to compete on systems sales, Novell Data Systems planned a program to link more than one microcomputer to operate together. The current or former BYU students Drew Major , Dale Neibaur, and Kyle Powell, known as

366-584: A client–server model . File and print services ran on the NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) over IPX, as did Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Service Advertising Protocol (SAP). Starting in 1987, Novell began selling its own Ethernet -based network adapter cards . These included the 8-bit NE1000 , and then in 1988, the 16-bit NE2000 . They priced them lower than cards from competitors such as 3Com , whose card Novell had previously been distributing. By 1989, Novell's cards were being sold at

488-439: A $ 1.5-billion stock swap that would have been the largest deal in the software industry to that time. But it collapsed the following month: when Lotus head Jim Manzi refused to give Novell an equal number of seats on the new board, Noorda pulled out shortly before the deal would have been completed. At its high point around 1993, NetWare had a roughly two-thirds share of the market for network operating systems; one analysis put

610-711: A 214 mile section of the 30-inch Texas-California pipe line in 1946-1947 and 92 and 95-inch plates of the same length for the 980 miles of 30 and 31-inch pipes for the Trans-Arabian Pipeline in 1947-? and then 167,918 tons of plates for the Kirkuk–Baniyas pipeline in 1950 and 1951 from the Geneva Mill. Even though a U.S. Steel subsidiary after August 1948, Consolidated bought its plate for the Transcontinental Pipeline project from

732-574: A Spanish Franciscan missionary-explorer, is considered the first European explorer to have visited the area in 1776. He was guided by two Timpanogos Utes, whom he called Silvestre and Joaquín. Escalante chronicled this first European exploration across the Great Basin Desert . The Europeans did not build a permanent settlement but traded with the Timpanogos, whom they called Lagunas (lake people) or Come Pescado (fish eaters). In 1847,

854-561: A U.S. Steel subsidiary) and United States Steel Corporation (U.S. Steel). Vineyard, Utah, was chosen as the location for the new plant because iron ore , coal , limestone , and other resources necessary for primary steel making are located in nearby areas of Utah, and because Utah Valley is far inland, away from possible Japanese attack on the West Coast. Columbia had opened a 120,000 tons/year blast furnace in Ironton in 1924 during

976-498: A billion nodes by 2000. Many of those nodes would be common, everyday devices running NEST, linked by SuperNOS , Novell Directory Services, and other management services components. Provo, Utah Provo ( / ˈ p r oʊ v oʊ / PROH -voh ) is a city in and the county seat of Utah County , Utah , United States. It is 43 miles (69 km) south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front , and lies between

1098-612: A blow-away-the-competition type product". Overall, NetWare 3 was the most significant rewrite that the product would ever get, and proved very successful. By 1990, Novell had an almost monopolistic position in NOS for any business requiring a network. There were competitor companies in the same space, such as Corvus Systems , Banyan Systems , and LANtastic , but none of them made much of a dent in Novell's business. Microsoft tried on two early occasions to take on Novell in networking, first with

1220-539: A couple of shopping centers . The Shops At Riverwoods and Provo Towne Centre , both shopping malls , operate in Provo. Several small shops, music venues, and boutiques have popped up downtown, along Center Street and University Avenue. Downtown has also begun to host "gallery strolls" every first Friday of the month that features local artists. There are many dining establishments in and around downtown Provo. Five Provo companies are listed on Inc.com's Inc. 5000 list of

1342-478: A discounted rate, as Novell "looked the other way"; this helped fund the salaries of Novell Field Support Technicians, who for the most part were employees who worked for the front line resellers as Novell CNE (Certified NetWare Engineers). Noorda commented that this strategy was one he learned as an executive at General Electric when competing against imported home appliances: allow the resellers to "make more money off your product than someone else's". Unusually for

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1464-444: A female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 11.8% of all households were made up of a single individual, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.34, and the average family size was 3.40. In the city, 22.3% of residents were under 18, 40.2% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 8.6% from 45 to 64, and 5.7% were 65 years of age or older. The median age

1586-450: A female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. 12.8% of all households were made up of a single individual, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.24, and the average family size was 3.41. In the city, 22.3% of residents were under 18, 36.4% were from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 10.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.8% were 65 years of age or older. The median age

1708-536: A final end to their [Indian] depredations in future." This ended in what is known as the Battle Creek massacre , in modern-day Pleasant Grove, Utah . The Mormons continued pushing into Timpanog lands. In 1849, 33 Mormon families from Salt Lake City established Fort Utah . In 1850, Brigham Young sent an army from Salt Lake to drive out the Timpanogos in what is called the Provo War . Escalating tensions with

1830-593: A former Utah steel mill may be moving toward Utah Lake according to a recent report conducted by a Salt Lake City engineering company. The Utah Department of Environmental Quality is investigating the CH2M Hill study of the Geneva Steel site to determine if contaminated groundwater is moving beyond the facility boundary. The facility site and environmental contaminants are being remediated under EPA's voluntary Brownfields cleanup program. U.S. Steel operated

1952-482: A former carpet warehouse located in an obscure industrial park down the road from the largely vacant Geneva Steel works. By November 1980, they were placing display ads in the classifieds pages of Utah Valley newspapers, seeking to hire hardware and software engineers and other staff. At first the company began to grow rapidly. By mid-1981 the company was selling two products, the Nexus Series microcomputer and

2074-448: A four-year span. By September 1993, BusinessWeek was writing, "Of the many rivalries in the personal-computer industry, for sheer nastiness it's hard to beat the one between Microsoft Corp. and Novell Inc." In November 1993, Noorda confirmed published reports that he had been suffering from some memory lapses and announced that he would be stepping down from the CEO position once a successor

2196-552: A group to attempt to purchase and retire those credits in order to maintain local air quality. The exact price of the credits will be determined by the open market, but estimates of the value of the emissions reduction credits range from $ 350,000 to $ 35,000,000. The movie Footloose was set in a fictional town in Oklahoma, but was filmed entirely in Utah County, Utah, part of the Provo metropolitan area. The Geneva steel mill

2318-634: A high-ranking Novell executive, and played an influential strategic and managerial role with the company over the next several years. Excelan was based in San Jose, California , and they, along with a couple of prior Novell acquisitions, formed the basis for Novell's presence in Silicon Valley going forward. A key software introduction came in 1989 with the release of NetWare 386 , also known as NetWare 3.0 , which gave NetWare more modern architectural qualities, in conjunction with new capabilities in

2440-437: A looming challenge from Microsoft's upcoming Windows NT operating system, which, after a huge investment of resources from Microsoft, featured bundled networking and more advanced OS capabilities and looked to be that company's first offering that could seriously challenge Novell's local area networking franchise. Under Noorda, Novell made a series of acquisitions interpreted by many to be a direct challenge to Microsoft. Noorda

2562-433: A number of groundwater monitoring wells around the perimeter of the plant. The Utah Department of Environmental Quality is still unsure, however, if toxic chemicals are definitely moving toward Utah Lake. Liquidation of Geneva Steel's substantial assets may have broad effects on Utah County's future development. Geneva Steel's 1,750 acres (7 km ) of land were sold in November 2005 for $ 46.8 million to Anderson Geneva ,

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2684-477: A possible legal response from Apple, so the company went directly to Apple starting Star Trek in February 1992, a project to run an x86-port of their Mac OS on top of a multitasking DR DOS. Novell had already abandoned Digital Research's Multiuser DOS in 1992. The three former Master Value Added Resellers (VARs) DataPac Australasia , Concurrent Controls and Intelligent Micro Software could license

2806-648: A private higher education institution operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Provo also has the LDS Church's largest Missionary Training Center (MTC). The city is a focus area for technology development in Utah, with several billion-dollar startups . The city's Peaks Ice Arena was a venue for the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics in 2002 . The Provo area

2928-482: A proprietary solution in this sense was disadvantageous and looked instead to the IBM PC as an alternative platform. Now called NetWare, the network operating system was ported to run on an IBM PC XT with an Intel 8086 processor and supported centralized, multitasking file and print services. By March 1984, Novell was putting out announcements about third-party products that worked with Novell NetWare. NetWare came on

3050-703: A railroad reached Provo. It was also this year that the Provo Woolen Mills opened. They were the first large factory in Provo and employed about 150 people, initially mainly skilled textile laborers who had emigrated from Britain. Provo lies on the eastern bank of Utah Lake in Utah Valley at an elevation of 4,549 feet (1,387 m). According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 44.2 square miles (114.4 km ), of which 41.7 square miles (107.9 km )

3172-547: A rate of 20,000 per month, aggressively expanding Novell's market presence. At that point, Novell transferred the NE1000/NE2000 business to Anthem Electronics, the firm that had actually been making them, but the cards remained branded as Novell products. As author James Causey would later write, "NetWare deserves the lion's share of the credit for elevating PC-based local area networks from being cute toys to providing powerful, reliable, and serious network services. NetWare

3294-605: A record monthly total of 66.0 inches (168 cm) in January 1918, during which the record snow cover of 34 inches (86 cm) was recorded on the 17th. Seasonal snowfall has ranged from 127.5 inches (324 cm) in 1983–84 to 10.1 inches (26 cm) in 2014–15. Very cold weather may occur when cold air from over the Continental Divide invades the region: although only four mornings fall to or below 0 °F or −17.8 °C during an average winter and this temperature

3416-580: A resort that once operated nearby on the shore of Utah Lake . The plant was an integrated steel mill . Raw materials were shipped in by rail , processed into steel and steel products, and then reshipped by rail and truck to their final market. The plant, in addition to having all of the facilities for primary steel making, included on-site conversion of coal into coke , plus other facilities for post-processing of coal byproducts, including production of inorganic fertilizers . Blast furnaces converted raw iron ores into pig iron , and final conversion into steel

3538-772: A role in keeping the Federal Trade Commission investigation into Microsoft going. Between 1991 and 1994, the Noorda-led Novell made this series of major acquisitions: Digital Research Inc. , producer of DR-DOS , to compete with Microsoft's MS-DOS ; Unix System Laboratories , holder of Unix operating system technology, to improve Novell's technology base versus Windows NT; Serius Corp. , maker of an advanced application development tool; and WordPerfect Corporation and Quattro Pro from Borland to provide personal productivity and group collaboration products. In all, Noorda acquired ten companies within

3660-703: A share. The sale brought Safeguard more than $ 5 million in cash, and Safeguard's ownership in Novell went from 51 percent down to 24 percent. Novell, Inc. began trading as an over-the-counter stock . The first Novell product was a proprietary hardware server based on the Motorola 68000 processor and using a star topology . This, with the network operating system (NOS) on it, was known as Novell S-Net , or ShareNet, and it achieved some visibility; by April 1983, advertisements were seen in trade publications for third-party software products which stated they were compatible with Novell ShareNet. The company realized that making

3782-423: A significant benefit. NetWare 3 supported interactions with Apple's Macintosh computers as well as with Unix -based workstations, thus enabling NetWare to expand upon file and print sharing towards accessing business-critical data within companies. This allowed NetWare to work with database products from companies such as Oracle Corporation and Sybase . An analyst for Dataquest said that NetWare 386 "is truly

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3904-405: A similar situation existed for IBM and their Token Ring cards. It was due to this kind of industry vision that Noorda would become known as the "Father of Network Computing". From the first years of the new Novell's success, Noorda was credited in the press with forging that path. The company reflected aspects of Noorda's personal background, such as his Mormon religion , which brought about what

4026-581: A sister company to Anderson Development , which plans to reuse the land for a wide range of purposes, including the FrontRunner commuter rail corridor. The land must undergo environmental cleanups before any development can occur, with most of the cost paid for by U.S. Steel. The mill equipment will not remain because it has been sold for $ 40 million to the Chinese firm Qingdao Iron & Steel Group . Most of Geneva Steel's water rights were sold to

4148-496: A time of expansion from its home town of Pittsburg, California , that expansion had also included the acquisition of the Llewellyn Iron Works Torrance plant, which made Columbia one of the largest if not outright the largest steel business on the U.S. Pacific Coast prior to World War II. Geneva Steel operated as a US government facility until June 1946, when it was sold for $ 47.5 million to U.S. Steel,

4270-418: A two-month total in 2016 as low as 0.06 inches (1.5 mm). The hottest month on record is July 2003 with a mean of 81.8 °F (27.7 °C), and a mean maximum of 99.0 °F (37.2 °C). The hottest temperature on record is 108 °F (42.2 °C) on July 13, 2002. The fall season sees steady cooling and a transition to winter weather, with rare influences of rain systems from further south, as in

4392-481: A vast underbid compared to the mill's estimated $ 144 million value. But this was no different for many other war surplus facilities. Geneva Steel was built to increase the steel production for America during World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had proposed opening a steel mill in Utah in 1936, but the idea was shelved after a couple of months. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered

4514-707: A wonderful job of farming distribution out. They train people who go out and train other people, and every time somebody gets trained, they get another Netware bigot, and make another dollar. They are getting paid to have people go out and be evangelists." The partnering approach also worked well in overseas markets, such as in Japan where Novell set up a subsidiary that major Japanese electronics firms invested in, or in South America and Eastern Europe where Novell set up authorized distributors. Under Ray Noorda's leadership, Novell provided upgrades to resellers and customers in

4636-645: Is a private university operated by the LDS Church. BYU is the third-largest private university in the United States , with more than 34,000 students. It is the flagship of the Church Educational System . On the campus is the Spencer W. Kimball Tower , the tallest building in Provo. Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions is a private, for-profit university emphasizing graduate healthcare education. The Northwest Commission accredits

4758-583: Is land and 2.5 square miles (6.5 km ), or 5.66%, is water. The Wasatch Range contains many peaks within Utah County along the east side of the Wasatch Front . One of them, known as Y Mountain , towers over the city. There is a large hillside letter Y made of whitewashed concrete halfway up the steep mountain, built in the early part of the 20th century to commemorate BYU (original plans included construction use of all three letters). Wild deer (and less frequently, cougars , and moose ) still roam

4880-585: Is on University Avenue and 550 North. With construction finished in 2013, the center provides a location for aquatic recreation next to the Provo Power plant. The Provo Utah Temple is at the base of Rock Canyon in Provo. This temple has been among the busiest in the LDS Church due to its proximity to BYU and the MTC. The temple closed in February 2024, has been razed, and is currently being reconstructed. The temple, estimated for completion in 2027, will reopen as

5002-474: Is within the Provo School District . The school board has seven members, each representing a different district of the city. There are thirteen elementary schools, two middle schools, and three high schools. Provo High School was the first school in Utah County to be an IB World school. The school has a record of 4A state basketball championships, more state champions than any other school in

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5124-689: The Central Utah Water Conservancy District in May 2005 for $ 88.5 million, with some additional water rights sold for $ 14 million to the private firm Summit Vineyard, LLC, which has used them to support their Lake Side power plant . Its iron ore properties were sold for $ 10 million to Palladon Ventures Ltd, which hopes to build a new steel mill with modern technology closer to the iron ore mines. Geneva Steel's 7,000 tons of emission reduction credits are also for sale. In January 2006, local citizens announced they were forming

5246-451: The Intel 386 processor. All the while it maintained its character as a dedicated network operating system rather than containing network capabilities as part of a general-purpose operating system. The NetWare kernel's ability to dynamically load and unload drivers was greatly appreciated by users and the ability to write NetWare Loadable Modules (NLMs) in the C programming language was also

5368-663: The Kaiser Fontana mill in 1949-1950 and also built a new blast furnace for the Fontana plant around the same time. In October 1948 Columbia Steel Co. opened a new 325,000 tons / year cold reduction and tin plate mill in Pittsburg, California . In May 1955 Consolidated Western's new pipe mill in Provo shipped its first deliveries. During its operation Geneva Steel was important to Utah County 's economy, providing thousands of jobs and attracting many ancillary businesses to

5490-698: The MS-NET product and then with LAN Manager , but both failed badly. IBM similarly had limited success in this area. From 1988 to 1992, Novell's revenues rose almost three-fold, to $ 933 million a year, with about half of Novell's sales coming from North America and half from overseas. Earnings also rose to $ 249 million a year. From 1986 to 1991, Novell's stock price climbed twelve-fold. With this market leadership, Novell began to acquire and build services on top of its NetWare operating platform. These services extended NetWare's capabilities with such products as NetWare for SAA and Novell multi-protocol router. However, Novell

5612-745: The Mormon pioneers arrived in the Salt Lake Valley , which was just north of Timpanogos Mountain . At first, the Natives were friendly with the Mormons. But, as relations deteriorated with the Shoshoni and Utes because of disputes over land and cattle, tensions rose. Because of the reported stolen goods of settlers by the Utes, Brigham Young gave small militia orders "to take such measures as would put

5734-635: The Provo Utah Rock Canyon Temple . Located at the corner of University Avenue and Center Street, the Provo City Center Temple serves as another temple for the Provo area's Latter-day Saint population. After a fire in 2010 destroyed the Provo Tabernacle, Thomas S. Monson , then LDS Church president , announced the site would become the city's second temple. Renovations were finished and the temple

5856-496: The SuperSet Software group, were hired to this task and began consulting for Novell during 1981. They developed a multiplayer video game , Snipes . During the first calendar quarter of 1982, heavy costs continued to be incurred at Novell Data Systems, which resulted in management shuffles, organizational consolidations, and a significant layoff . Canova was fired and Jack Messman, representing Safeguard Scientifics,

5978-467: The Windows NT operating system and its successors. Despite new products such as Novell Directory Services and GroupWise , Novell entered a long period of decline. Eventually Novell acquired SUSE Linux and attempted to refocus its technology base. Despite building or acquiring several new kinds of products, Novell failed to find consistent success and never regained its past dominance. The company

6100-576: The 1,620-square-foot (151 m ) Secured Gallery and the Eccles Gallery in the lower lobby. Provo is the location of the church's largest MTC. Each week approximately 475 missionaries enter for 3–9 weeks of training before they depart for the mission field, becoming part of more than 58,000 in more than 120 countries. About 1,100 instructors (many of them returned missionaries) teach 62 languages. The MTC in Provo began construction in July 1974 and

6222-604: The Arts, a performing arts center, is at 425 West Center Street. It features plays, ballets, art showcases, and musical performances throughout the year. The size of the building is a total of 42,000 square feet (3,902 m ). The main performance hall seats 670 people. Three dance studios are furnished with a piano, ballet bars, and mirrors. Another theater, the Brinton Black Box Theater, seats 60 for smaller, more intimate events. There are also two art galleries:

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6344-411: The CEO of a high-tech, emerging computer company, Noorda was nearing 70 years of age by the early 1990s. Furthermore, he was known for alienating high-level executives who might someday be in position to run the company. Stock market analysts were expressing concern that Noorda, whose personality was the basis for much of the company's culture, had no succession plan in place. At the same time, Novell faced

6466-510: The French word is either the masculine nouveau or the feminine nouvelle ). While future Brigham Young University professor and Eyring Research Institute (ERI) figure Dennis Fairclough was not a founder of Novell Data Systems, he did work with the company from its early days. A funding proposal was brought to Pete Musser , chairman of the board of Safeguard Scientifics, Inc. , a Pennsylvania-based, technology-focused venture capital firm that

6588-572: The Image 800 dot matrix printer . Orders began shipping during the second half of 1981. The computer product was based on the Zilog Z80 microprocessor and the CP/M operating system. The company subsequently did not do well. The microcomputer produced by the company was late to an increasingly crowded market and was noncompetitive in terms of performance when it did arrive. According to one paraphrase of

6710-563: The LDS Church. According to data taken in 2000 by the ARDA , 88% of the overall population, and 98% of religious adherents in the Provo-Orem area are Latter-day Saints. According to a study in 2015, the Provo-Orem metro area is about as dissimilar to the rest of America as possible. Weighing factors such as race, housing, income, and education, the study ranked Provo-Orem 376th of 381 of the United States' largest cities in terms of resemblance to

6832-622: The News , Toby Keith , Sean Hannity , Fred Willard , and Taylor Hicks . In 2015, the event included performances by Journey and Olivia Holt , and was hosted by television personality Montel Williams . Provo has two other large festivals each fall. Festival Latinoamericano is an annual family-oriented Labor Day weekend event in downtown Provo that offers the community a taste of the region's Hispanic culture through ethnic food, vendors, and performances. The city has hosted an annual LGBT Provo Pride Festival since 2013. The Covey Center for

6954-523: The Novell group saw the Unixes of the day as being too hardware intensive, too large, and charging too much in license fees. They became convinced that Linux offered the best possible answer for the operating system component, and started building code towards that purpose, including contributing work on IPX networking for NetWare and Wine compatibility layer for Windows. Digital Research's FlexOS had been licensed to IBM for their 4690 OS in 1993 and

7076-475: The SuperSet group had produced was drawing considerable interest and Novell Data Systems was describing themselves as a company that made not just stand-alone microcomputers but also products for local area networking (LAN). The dual emphasis on hardware and software products continued for several months but continued to have troubled results, and in July 1982 another round of layoffs took place which resulted in

7198-609: The Timpanog contributed to the Walker War . Fort Utah was renamed Provo in 1850 for Étienne Provost , an early French-Canadian trapper who arrived in the region in 1825. In 1850, the first schoolhouse was constructed in Provo, built within Utah Fort. As more Latter-day Saints arrived, Provo quickly grew as a city. It soon was nicknamed The Garden City with a large number of fruit orchards and gardens there. In 1872,

7320-427: The U.S., is headquartered in Provo. Novell , the dominant personal computer networking company from the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s, was headquartered in Provo and occupied several buildings at the height of its success. It was eventually acquired by The Attachmate Group and then by Micro Focus , which still maintains facilities there. The Food & Care Coalition is a local organization providing services to

7442-711: The WordPerfect and Quattro Pro acquisitions closed in June 1994, it was the largest such deal in the software industry to that time; it made Novell the third-largest software company in the world, trailing only Microsoft and Computer Associates . Noorda retired from the chairman position and left Novell completely in November 1994, although he was still the largest shareholder of the company. At that point in time, Frankenberg became chairman as well. Novell acquired Digital Research for US$ 80 million in June 1991. The move

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7564-419: The area. As time went on, however, the plant's fortunes declined due to multiple factors increasing labor costs and pension woes, foreign imports, Utah's relative isolation from the rest of the United States and the general decline of manufacturing industries in the United States. On at least one occasion, Geneva Steel paid its workers in uncommon $ 2 bills intending to flood the local community with evidence of

7686-464: The cities of Orem to the north and Springville to the south. With a population at the 2020 census of 115,162, Provo is the fourth-largest city in Utah and the principal city in the Provo-Orem metropolitan area , which had a population of 526,810 at the 2010 census. It is Utah's second-largest metropolitan area after Salt Lake City . Provo is the home to Brigham Young University (BYU),

7808-407: The city was 88.52% White , 0.46% Black or African American , 0.80% American Indian , 1.83% Asian , 0.84% Pacific Islander , 5.10% from other races , and 2.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 10.47% of the population. There were 29,192 households, of which 33.8% had children under 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 7.8% had

7930-510: The city. The population density was 2,697.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,041.5/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 84.8% White , 0.7% Black or African American , 0.8% American Indian , 2.5% Asian , 1.1% Pacific Islander , 6.6% from other races , and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 15.2% of the population. There were 31,524 households, of which 34.8% had children under 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 8.2% had

8052-430: The company was incorporated under the shortened name of Novell, Inc. In April 1983, the appointment of Noorda as president and CEO of Novell, Inc. was publicly announced. Noorda was a veteran executive of General Electric and the past CEO of several other companies and had garnered a reputation as a turn-around expert. Messman was chairman of the board and continued to represent the interests of Safeguard Scientifics, which

8174-765: The computing scene just as the IBM PC was emerging as a market force and applications such as the VisiCalc spreadsheet for the Apple II were showing what microcomputers could do for businesses. There was an immediate demand for local area networking that could make files and printers available across many PCs. In addition, the advent of the PC caused organizational changes within companies and enterprises and allowed Novell to find entryways into individual departments or regional facilities rather than having to convince upper management of

8296-418: The country. According to the breakdown for Utah County in 2010, most people (90.6%) were Christian, with Latter-day Saints constituting 88.7% of the population. Catholics constituted 1.3% and Protestants constituted 0.6%. Other religions constituted 0.3% of the population. 9.1% of the population did not adhere to any religion. Provo has more than 100 restaurants (with over 60 in the downtown area) and

8418-459: The employee count being reduced from 50 people to 30. At that time Safeguard reported that it would be writing down $ 3.4 million in losses due to Novell Data Systems' switch from being a hardware company to a software company. Throughout 1982 there were further management shuffles with other people being named president of the company. Major, Neibaur, and Powell continued to support Novell through their SuperSet Software group. As Major later said, "It

8540-619: The end of 1993. Besides Utah, Novell continued to grow in San Jose, where many of the sales, marketing, product management, and executive functions were located. Equally important as technological factors to NetWare's growth was that Novell did not try to hire a large sales force to do direct sales of the product, but instead sold it through a broad channel of some 13,000 value-added resellers . Such resellers provided network education, installation, and subsequent maintenance, and included CompUSA and Egghead Software for very small businesses all

8662-735: The extensive Utah Transit Authority (UTA) bus system. UTA's commuter rail service, the FrontRunner , opened an extension to Provo from Salt Lake City on December 10, 2012. The Provo Intermodal Center , adjacent to the Amtrak station, connects the FrontRunner with local bus routes, as well as Greyhound service. Geneva Steel Geneva Steel was a steel mill located in Vineyard , Utah , United States , founded during World War II to enhance national steel output. It operated from December 1944 to November 2001. Its unique name came from

8784-433: The fastest-growing private companies in the United States. The largest, DieCuts With a View, is ranked number 1403 and has revenues of $ 26.2 million. Other companies on the list are VitalSmarts (ranked 4109, with $ 41.4 million in revenue), and Connect Public Relations (ranked 3694, with $ 6.1 million in revenue). The global recreation and entertainment company Ryze Trampoline Parks , with locations throughout Asia, Europe and

8906-493: The figure at 63 percent. There were over half a million NetWare-based networks installed worldwide and some 55 million NetWare users on those networks. And networking itself was the fastest-growing segment of the computer market, increasing by 30 percent a year and reaching a $ 10 billion figure by 1993. Novell was the second largest maker of software for personal computers, trailing only Microsoft. Novell's employee base, which had been around 15 when Noorda joined, had risen to 4,335 by

9028-711: The homeless and low-income citizens of Provo and Utah Counties. They also provide volunteer opportunities. According to Provo's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were: Every July, Provo hosts America's Freedom Festival at Provo which includes the Stadium of Fire at BYU. It is held in LaVell Edwards Stadium , home to BYU's NCAA football team. The Independence Day festivities are popular among residents and have featured such notable figures as Bob Hope , David Hasselhoff , Reba McEntire , Mandy Moore , Huey Lewis and

9150-455: The last freeze expected on April 29, and the first temperature equal to or hotter than 90 °F (32.2 °C) on May 30. Rainfall is not infrequent during the spring: over 5.10 inches (130 mm) was recorded in the Mays of 1995 and 2011, and a total of 12.29 inches (312.2 mm) fell during the four-month span of March to June 2005 – in contrast as little as 2.04 inches (51.8 mm) fell in

9272-416: The leadership of chief executive Ray Noorda , NetWare became the dominant form of personal computer networking during the second half of the 1980s and first half of the 1990s. At its high point, NetWare had a 63 percent share of the market for network operating systems and by the early 1990s there were over half a million NetWare-based networks installed worldwide encompassing more than 50 million users. Novell

9394-409: The metropolitan area near Orem is substantially drier, receiving only around 13.5 inches (340 mm) of precipitation and consequently has a cool semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk ). The wettest calendar year in Provo has been 1983 with 37.54 inches (953.5 mm) and the driest 2020 with 7.28 inches (184.9 mm). Winters are cold with substantial snowfall averaging 57.2 inches (145 cm) and

9516-414: The mountains (and occasionally the city streets). The geography allows for hiking, skiing , fishing and other outdoor activities. Provo's climate can be classified as either a hot-summer Mediterranean climate classification ( Köppen : Csa ) or as a cool semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk ). Overall, annual rainfall at the location of BYU is around 17.23 inches (440 mm); however, the western part of

9638-488: The north edge of the city, US-189 heads northeast into Provo Canyon , where it connects with Heber . Amtrak , the national passenger rail system, provides service to Provo station , operating its California Zephyr daily in both directions between Chicago , Illinois , and Emeryville , California (in the San Francisco Bay Area ). Provo also can be accessed by Salt Lake Express intercity buses and

9760-592: The notion of " coopetition ", or cooperative competition. The central idea was that whatever was good for networking in general would be good for Novell and took the form of encouraging the growth of an ecosystem composed of hundreds of suppliers of hardware and software networking products, even if some of those suppliers had products that competed with Novell's. 3Com , who had been an early competitor of Novell's, sold more instances of their Ethernet networking cards for use in conjunction with NetWare than they did for use with their own 3+Share network operating systems, and

9882-675: The plant with the help of Utah Senator Orrin Hatch . They tried to keep it open for as long as possible. However, in March 1999 the company filed bankruptcy and reorganized with a $ 110 million loan via the Emergency Steel Loan Guarantee Act of 1999, but the reorganization attempt failed. Geneva Steel filed bankruptcy again and shut down permanently in November 2002. There is some controversy regarding their alleged pollution of Utah Lake. Contaminated groundwater under

10004-543: The plant's importance to the economy. Early in 1987 the mill shut down temporarily, but reopened later after the mill was spun off from US Steel and purchased by local business interests. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, students from Brigham Young University (BYU) protested the pollution, particularly the particulate matters, emitted from the steel operation. They carried signs at the entrance of BYU football games that included slogans like, "Pollution makes God barf." The Cannon Brothers ( Christopher and Joseph ) bought

10126-731: The properties of a general-purpose operating system , NetWare was known for being very fast in operation. This trend continued into 1987 with the Advanced NetWare/286 release, which was well received within the industry. NetWare also excelled with respect to computer security considerations, supporting user- and group-based roles and volume- and file-level access restrictions, thus making it attractive to systems administrators. Novell based its network protocol on Xerox Network Systems (XNS), and created its own standards which it named Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) and Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX). These protocols were based on

10248-425: The record wet month of September 1982, which saw 6.53 inches (165.9 mm) of total precipitation, including 4.15 inches (105.4 mm) over the last six days from a storm moving in from Arizona. The last maximum of 90 °F (32.2 °C) can be expected around September 10, and the first morning below freezing on October 14. At the 2010 census , 112,488 people, 31,524 households and 21,166 families resided in

10370-468: The same months of 2012. Being too far north to gain any influence from the monsoon except in rare cases like the 4.38 inches (111.3 mm) of rainfall of August 1983, Provo's summers are hot and dry, though relatively short – no maxima above 100 °F (37.8 °C) have been recorded outside the range of June 7 to August 27. Monthly maxima average over 91 °F (32.8 °C) in July and August, and precipitation averages under one inch per month with

10492-458: The same packaging as a newly purchased copy of NetWare, but at one third the cost, which created a gray market that allowed NetWare resellers to sell upgrades as newly purchased NetWare versions at full price periodically, which Novell intentionally did not track. Noorda commented to several analysts that he devised this strategy to allow front line resellers to "punch through" the distributors like Tech Data and Ingram and acquire NetWare versions at

10614-436: The seats are elected by the city as a whole. These elected officials serve four-year terms, with elections alternating every two years. Provo has a Mayor–council government , which creates two separate but equal branches of government. The mayor is chief executive of the city and the council is the legislative and policy-making body of the city. The mayor is Michelle Kaufusi , who has been in office since December 5, 2017. BYU

10736-433: The site in the early 1940s, producing millions of tons of steel for the war effort. After the war, U.S. Steel ran the company until 1987 when it sold the plant to Geneva Steel Company. During its years of operation, the facility produced wastes contaminated with human carcinogens and hazardous substances including arsenic, lead, zinc, nickel, acids, PCBs and petroleum products. Arsenic, ammonia, and benzene recently showed up in

10858-669: The slabbing mill were in regular operation. After the purchase by U.S. Steel, the Geneva plant was started up again. By August 1946, 2 of 3 blast furnaces, 2 of 4 coke oven batteries, 3 of 9 open heath furnaces, the slabbing mill and the plate mill were in operation, but not the structural mill. Employment at the mill, the Horse Canyon coal mine and the limestone and dolomite quarry at Payson rose to slightly more than 2000. The Consolidated Steel Corporation of Los Angeles bought approximately 60,000 tons of 31 feet by 92 inches plates for

10980-502: The source code to take over and continue independent development of their derivations in 1994. By 1994, Corsair was a project run by Novell's advanced technology group that sought to put together a desktop metaphor with Internet connectivity and toward that end conducted research on how to better and more easily integrate and manage network access for users. At the time, the Internet was dominated by Unix-based operating systems, but

11102-546: The state. Timpview High School has a record of 4A state football championships. A small section of the city lies within Alpine School District . Interstate 15 runs through western Provo, connecting it with the rest of the Wasatch Front and much of Utah. US-89 runs northwest to southeast through the city as State Street, while US-189 connects US-89 with I-15, BYU, and Orem to the north. At

11224-422: The street from the old Geneva Steel Pipe Mill facility on the site of an old truck stop serving the many trucks that visited the plant. The building is constructed from salvaged materials and beams from various mill buildings with the interior walls, doors, and partitions coming from other mill buildings and offices. In 2014 Utah Valley University purchased 125 acres of the Geneva Steel site in order to expand to

11346-675: The university of Colleges and Universities (NWCCU). RMUoHP offers programs in nursing practice, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and health science. RMUoHP will be building Utah County's first new medical school. Provo College is a private, for-profit educational institution specializing in career education. The school is accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS). Provo College offers associate degrees and diplomas in fields such as nursing, medical assisting, criminal justice, graphic design, and office administration. Almost all of Provo

11468-491: The value of networking. Thus, Novell's timing was spot on. As the New York Times subsequently wrote, "Novell, in one of those instances of serendipity and visionary thinking that are the stuff of personal computer legend, found itself in the right place at the right time." Partly in consequence of its design of running at kernel level ring 0 without regard for separate or protected address spaces, and thus not having

11590-451: The war and the steel plant was put into development. Geneva shipped its first order in April 1944, comprising over 600 tons of steel plate. The thousands of new jobs created by the plant were hard to fill as many men were overseas fighting; women began working to make up the difference, filling 25 percent of the plant's workforce. To acknowledge Utah's and Geneva Steel's contribution during

11712-627: The war, several Liberty Ships were named in honor of Utah including the USS Joseph Smith, USS Brigham Young, USS Provo, and the USS Peter Skene Ogden. The initial first stage construction encompassed a plant on 1600 acres. The main constituent facilities were Ground was broken in April 1942. On December 23, 1943 the first coke oven battery was charged. The first trial runs of the plate mill took place on March 23, 1944. By that date 2 blast furnaces, 3 open hearth furnaces and

11834-536: The way up to sophisticated systems integrators like Andersen Consulting and Electronic Data Systems for enterprise-level projects. In this way Novell constructed a local area network franchise in literal terms, as Novell Authorized Education Centers were set up on a franchising basis. Credentialization programs were in place, such that becoming a Certified NetWare Engineer was an important step, one that could be furthered with levels such as Master Certified NetWare Engineer . As one industry analyst said, "They've done

11956-514: Was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 89.3 males. The median household income was $ 34,313, and the median family income was $ 36,393. Males had a median income of $ 32,010 and females $ 20,928. The per capita income was $ 13,207. About 12.5% of families and 26.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those aged 65 or over. The residents of Provo are predominantly members of

12078-412: Was 23.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 96.4 males. At the 2000 census , 105,166 people, 29,192 households and 19,938 families resided in the city. The population density was 2,653.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,024.4/km ). There were 30,374 housing units at an average density of 766.3/sq mi (295.9/km ). The racial makeup of

12200-500: Was also diversifying, moving away from its smaller users to target large corporations and wide area networks . A marketing and development alliance with IBM announced in 1991 was part of this initiative. The company did later attempt to refocus with NetWare for Small Business. It reduced investment in research and was slow to improve the product administration tools, although it was helped by the fact its products typically needed little "tweaking" – they just ran. By early 1985, Novell

12322-416: Was also utilized for the in-house development of Novell's Embedded Systems Technology (NEST), but was sold off to Integrated Systems, Inc. (ISI) for US$ 3 million in July 1994. The deal comprised a direct payment of half this sum as well as shares representing 2% of the company. NEST however held importance for Frankenberg's vision of "pervasive computing", wherein Novell software would be connecting

12444-609: Was an independent corporate entity until it was acquired as a wholly owned subsidiary by The Attachmate Group in 2011. Attachmate was subsequently acquired in 2014 by Micro Focus International which was acquired in turn by OpenText in 2023. Novell products and technologies are now integrated within various OpenText divisions. The company began as Novell Data Systems Inc. ( NDSI ), a computer systems company located in Orem, Utah that intended to manufacture and market small business computers, computer terminals, and other peripherals. It

12566-501: Was an offshoot of the older Safeguard Business Systems. Safeguard Scientifics believed that a new computer systems company could help the Business Systems company automate their accounting systems. Accordingly, Safeguard Scientifics provided over $ 2 million in seed funding, and they became the majority owner of Novell Data Systems. Canova also owned a significant portion of the new company. Novell Data Systems set up offices in

12688-522: Was co-founded by George Canova and Jack Davis, two experienced computer industry executives. While some later sources place the creation of Novell Data Systems as having happened in 1979, more contemporaneous sources are in accordance with it happening in August 1980. Canova became president of the new company and Davis was in charge of sales and marketing. The suggestion for the company's name came from Canova's wife, who thought it meant "new" in French (in fact

12810-509: Was completed in July 1976. The MTC was expanded in the early 1990s to become the largest of the 17 such centers than in the world. Additional construction was completed in 2017. The Provo City Library is a public library that occupies the building of the former Brigham Young Academy, built-in 1892. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Its collection contains over 277,000 media. The library

12932-454: Was dedicated in March 2016. The Utah Valley Convention Center opened in 2012. It has 83,578 square feet (7,764.7 m ) of combined meeting, pre-function and garden space. Federally, Provo is part of Utah's 3rd congressional district , represented by Republican John Curtis , elected in 2017. Provo is administered by a seven-member city council and a mayor. Five of the council seats are elected by individual city districts, and two of

13054-575: Was found. In April 1994, former HP executive Robert Frankenberg was announced as the new CEO of Novell, with Noorda remaining as chairman of the board of directors. By then the USL acquisition was already showing difficulties, while the WordPerfect acquisition was questioned even more. Nonetheless, Frankenberg said he was enthusiastic about it: "For me, it was a pivotal item in my decision to join Novell because it makes possible an entirely new category of networked applications which no one else can provide." When

13176-555: Was great that our hardware was so lousy because that gave us the idea that hardware wasn't really where the value was." Two other important NDSI employees were strategist Craig Burton and communications specialist Judith Clarke. Despite its struggles, Novell Data Systems had a presence at the COMDEX show in Las Vegas in November 1982; a man named Ray Noorda saw it and become interested in the company's potential. On January 25, 1983,

13298-439: Was motivated in part by a realization that NetWare's technology was not suitable as the basis for a full-fledged operating system and application platform. There was also enmity between the two companies and the two CEOs, stemming in part from merger talks between Noorda and Microsoft head Bill Gates that had begun in 1989 and been on-and-off for the next couple of years before breaking down for good. Subsequently, Novell had played

13420-405: Was named president. Seeing Snipes being played on three different types of personal computers persuaded Messman that SuperSet's networking technology was valuable. The poor performance of Novell Data Systems resulted in losses being announced in April 1982 for the publicly-held Safeguard Scientifics and put pressure on that company's stock price. However, by this point the computer-linking work that

13542-423: Was not reached at all between 1999 and 2006, during the very cold January 1917 (average temperature 14.9 °F; −9.5 °C), seventeen mornings fell this cold. By contrast, in several recent winters like 1994–95, 1995–96, 1999–2000, 2004–05, and 2005–06, averages have been above freezing every month. Temperatures warm rapidly during the spring, with the first afternoon over 70 °F (21.1 °C) on March 21,

13664-640: Was originally called Timpanogas, a Numic ( Ute people ) word perhaps meaning "rock river". The area was inhabited by the Timpanogos . It was the largest and most settled area in modern-day Utah. The ample food from the Provo River made the Timpanogos a peaceful people. The area also served as the traditional meeting place for the Ute and Shoshone tribes and was used as a common location for worship of their creator deity. Silvestre Vélez de Escalante ,

13786-587: Was quickly outgrowing its original site in Orem, with some employees forced to work in trailers. A new, much larger site for the company was found in nearby Provo, Utah and construction was begun; by late 1986, employees were moving into the first building there while work on a second building was already underway. Eventually between 1986 and 1993 six buildings would be constructed for Novell's use there. We don't even have an industry; we have to build an industry. Ray Noorda, 1985, Under Noorda, Novell embraced

13908-406: Was rapidly expanding, but many people were still unaware of either it or the role that local area networks could play, and consequently Noorda referred to Novell as "the most misunderstood company in the world." Nonetheless, in 1986 The Salt Lake Tribune was hailing Novell as another Utah success story in technology, likely to follow in the footsteps of Evans & Sutherland and Iomega . Novell

14030-476: Was seen as a way for Novell to supply software for server-focused PCs in alternative to Microsoft. NetWare used DR DOS as a boot loader and maintenance platform, and Novell intended to extend its desktop presence by integrating networking into DR DOS and providing an alternative to Microsoft's Windows. At first, the idea was to provide a graphical environment based on Digital Research's GEM , but Novell's legal department rejected this due to apprehension of

14152-497: Was still an issue, and Musser contacted two Safeguard investors and brokers, Barry Rubenstein and Fred Dolan, who were with the Cleveland brokerage house Prescott, Ball and Turben, in these efforts. Rubenstein and Dolan eventually came up with the idea of a rights offering to Safeguard shareholders. Accordingly, in January 1985, Safeguard Scientifics made an initial offering of shares in Novell, Inc. to its own shareholders, at $ 2.50

14274-411: Was still majority owner in the new Novell. The new Novell started with around 15 employees. Noorda emphasized that the file server product acquired from Novell Data Systems would be the heart of what the new Novell would be doing. Later that same year, the company introduced its most significant product, the multi- platform network operating system (NOS), Novell NetWare . Funding for the new company

14396-658: Was termed "the Mormon work ethic" at Novell. As one account later put it, Novell was "reputedly staffed with lots of hard-selling but soft-drinking Mormons." Noorda himself was famous for his frugal ways and for working from a plain, small office. In 1989 senior executives Craig Burton and Judith Clarke, whom many credited for much of Novell's past success, left Novell. Burton had been seen as Noorda's most likely successor while Judith Clarke had been instrumental in marketing and positioning Novell. In April 1990, Novell and Lotus Development Corporation announced merger of equals based on

14518-514: Was the first Intel-based network operating system to provide a serious alternative to mainframe-based server networks, providing critical reliability and security features needed in the modern enterprise." Novell acquired Kanwal Rekhi 's company Excelan in 1989; Excelan manufactured smart Ethernet cards and commercialized the Internet protocol TCP/IP , solidifying Novell's presence in these areas. The acquisition combined Novell's $ 281 million in annual revenue with Excelan's $ 66 million. Rekhi became

14640-713: Was the second-largest maker of software for personal computers, trailing only Microsoft Corporation , and became instrumental in making Utah Valley a focus for technology and software development. During the early to mid-1990s, Noorda attempted to compete directly with Microsoft by acquiring Digital Research , Unix System Laboratories , WordPerfect , and the Quattro Pro division of Borland . These moves did not work out, due to new technologies not fitting well with Novell's existing user base or being too late to compete with equivalent Microsoft products. NetWare began losing market share once Microsoft bundled network services with

14762-403: Was the setting for a dance montage by the lead character, Ren McCormack. Early in 2007, the site made headlines in the Utah press, as owner Anderson Geneva made an offer to Real Salt Lake . The deal included moving their stadium to the Geneva site and they (Anderson Geneva) would offer up the land for free. The offer was subsequently turned down. Timpanogos Harley-Davidson is located across

14884-590: Was via open hearth furnaces . Rolling mill facilities for forming steel into plate, and some structural shapes were also located there. At its peak of operations Geneva Steel was the largest steel mill west of the Mississippi River and produced 60 percent of the steel used in the Western United States . The Geneva Steel mill was constructed with federal funds from November 1941 to December 1944 by Columbia Steel Company (since 1930

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