A halftime show is a performance given during the brief period between the first and second halves, or the second and third quarters, of a sporting event. Halftime shows are not given for sports with an irregular or indeterminate number of divisions (such as baseball or boxing ), or for sports that do not have an extended period of stoppage in play. Ice hockey games consist of three periods, so there are in effect two halftimes at a hockey game: the first intermission is between the first and second periods, and the second intermission comes between the second and third periods. The intermissions are usually given over to contests involving randomly selected audience members, although for major games, like the Winter Classic , the Stanley Cup Finals , the NHL All-Star Game and the Frozen Four , the intermission between the 2nd and 3rd period often features entertainment typically found during halftime shows.
28-592: Halftime shows are a tradition during American football games at all levels of competition. Entertainment during the Super Bowl , the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL), represents a fundamental link to pop culture , which helps broaden the television audience and nationwide interest. During most of the Super Bowl's first decade (starting on January 15, 1967),
56-507: A " wardrobe malfunction ". Since it was broadcast live, the exposure was seen by millions when it happened. In Canada , the halftime show for the Grey Cup is a highlight of the event and can cost millions to stage. Performers over the years have included Justin Bieber , Shania Twain , Blue Rodeo , Black Eyed Peas , Keith Urban , Green Day and Imagine Dragons . A halftime show is
84-500: A huge attraction in the early 1920s. There were shooting exhibitions with the dogs retrieving the targets. There were Native American dances and tomahawk and knife-throwing demonstrations. Indians player Nick Lassa , also called "Long-Time-Sleep", even wrestled a bear on occasion. Another show was a demonstration of the United States Indian scouts actions during World War I . The show promoted Lingo's kennels by showing
112-896: A song that could get me up and start running around the room, 'Where's my guitar, where did I put my guitar, before I forget it?' I don't often remember dreams, only when they're musical." A straight ahead rocker, but sets the scene of a long time, up and down, love affair between the singer and the subject: One time you were my baby chicken, Now you've grown into a fox; Once upon a time I was your little rooster, But now I'm just one of your cocks. It's rough justice, oh yeah, We never thought it risky; It's rough justice, But you know I'll never break your heart; You're feeling loose and lusty, So if you really want me, Yeah, it's rough justice; And you know I'll never break your heart. Recording began at La Fourchette, Posé sur Cisse, France in June 2005. With Jagger on lead vocals, Richards plays electric rhythm (including
140-534: A traditional element in a Rugby league and Rugby union game during a Grand final . Rough Justice (The Rolling Stones song) " Rough Justice " is a song by the English rock band the Rolling Stones that was released as a double A-side single with "Streets of Love" from their 2005 album A Bigger Bang . It is the opening track from the album. The single was released on 22 August 2005, prior to
168-483: The ROTC band to march drills as a part of their performances. This was first showcased at a football game where the band marched drills at halftime. Since the band's military reviews had attracted significant crowds, the goal was to increase attendance at football games by conducting a military review while the team rested between halves. Others generally attribute the invention of the halftime show to Walter Lingo . Lingo
196-531: The United States , the halftime show for the Super Bowl is perhaps the highlight of the event and can cost millions to stage. On February 1, 2004, the live halftime show for Super Bowl XXXVIII , produced by music video giant MTV , sparked outrage among many viewers when Justin Timberlake , one of the performers, exposed fellow performer Janet Jackson 's right breast in what was later dubbed
224-640: The Airedale Red Cross dogs administering first aid to wounded soldiers. Many of the scouts and Red Cross dogs taking part in the event were real veterans of the war, while the German troops were impersonated by local American Legion men who wore German uniforms furnished by Lingo. The halftime activities soon became more important than the results of the game for the Indians fanbase. The Indians only won 3 games in their two seasons of existence. In
252-597: The Block , Michael Jackson , Gloria Estefan , Clint Black , Patti LaBelle , and Tony Bennett . Starting with Super Bowl XXXII, commercial sponsors presented the halftime show; within five years, the tradition of having a theme—begun with Super Bowl III—ended, replaced by major music productions by arena rock bands and other high-profile acts. In the six years immediately following an incident at Super Bowl XXXVIII where Justin Timberlake exposed one of Janet Jackson 's breasts in an alleged " wardrobe malfunction ", all of
280-673: The NFL and Frito-Lay agreed to make a donation and provide commercial time for Jackson's Heal the World Foundation . According to Nielsen SoundScan data, the halftime performers regularly experience significant spikes in weekly album sales and paid digital downloads due to the exposure. For Super Bowl XLIX , it was reported by the Wall Street Journal that league officials asked representatives of potential acts if they would be willing to provide financial compensation to
308-543: The NFL in exchange for their appearance , in the form of either an up-front fee, or a cut of revenue from concert performances made after the Super Bowl. While these reports were denied by an NFL spokeswoman, the request had, according to the Journal , received a "chilly" response from those involved. The following is a list of the performers, producers, themes, and sponsors for each Super Bowl game's show. This list does not include national anthem performers, which are listed in
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#1732776886877336-695: The US, the song peaked at number 25 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and number 5 on the Adult Alternative Songs chart. Music critic Robert Christgau applauded the song as "a strikingly ironic/acerbic expression of both Jagger's musical gift and his romantic limitations". The song has been performed heavily by the Stones on their A Bigger Bang Tour and is featured on their latest concert DVD release, The Biggest Bang . It
364-499: The album. Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards , "Rough Justice" was a heavily collaborative effort like many of the lead singer and guitarist's latter-day compositions. On the writing, Richards said in 2005, "That came to me in my sleep. It's almost like " Satisfaction ". Yeah, I almost sort of woke up and said, 'Where's my guitar?' Sometimes you do dream a riff , you know? I had to get up, and it's really hard to get me up. Once I go down, I go down, you know? But, I mean, it's only
392-550: The article List of national anthem performers at the Super Bowl . Names in bold are headline performers. For the Rolling Stones , the stage was in the form of the group's iconic tongue logo ( John Pasche 's design first used in 1971 on their Sticky Fingers album). It was the largest stage ever assembled for a Super Bowl halftime show, with 28 separate pieces assembled in five minutes by a 600-member volunteer stage crew. The group performed three songs: " Start Me Up ", " Rough Justice ", and " (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction ". The show
420-485: The bands " between the opposing schools' marching bands during halftimes of the most prominent games (see, for instance, the Bayou Classic ). More common in modern times, especially in major games, is to reserve the entire halftime period for a short concert by a major recording artist. The halftime show also often describes television studio shows during the intermission which review scores and stories from across
448-578: The group had previously agreed. However, the choice of the Rolling Stones sparked controversy in the Detroit community because the band did not represent the traditional Detroit " Motown Sound ", and no artists from the area were included. Halftime show The first instance of a halftime show was in November, 1892 at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln when General John J. Pershing required
476-420: The halftime show featured a college marching band . The show's second decade featured a more varied show, often featuring drill teams and other performance ensembles; the group Up with People produced and starred in four of the performances. Starting in the 1990s, to counter other networks' efforts to counterprogram the game , the show would be headlined by popular music acts each year, including New Kids on
504-536: The halftime show was in part designed to bring an additional draw to mask the fact that the Indians did not put much effort into the actual game, his halftime show was mostly the same from game to game, and the novelty wore off after two years. A modern halftime show can consist of cheerleading performances, majorette routines , marching bands playing music, or other spectacular performances. Halftime shows are particularly well known among historically black colleges and universities , which have elaborate " battles of
532-417: The halftime shows consisted of a performance by one artist or group, with the musicians in that era primarily being rock artists from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. These shows were considered "family friendly" and the time in which they took place has been described as "the age of reactionary halftime shows". Since Super Bowl XLV , the halftime show has returned to featuring popular contemporary musicians, with
560-406: The league's schedule during that break between action. A halftime show is a traditional element in an American football and Canadian football game. During the interval between the second and third quarters (normally 20 minutes) some form of entertainment is presented on the field. The entertainment frequently consists of performances by marching bands. At high school and most college games,
588-497: The norm. High-profile acts are generally chosen for their broad appeal, due to the games' large audiences, and choices that deviate from that tend to be poorly received. Many football historians believe halftime shows originated with the Oorang Indians of the early National Football League . The team was a marketing ploy by Walter Lingo to sell and promote his Airedale Terriers . He would lure audiences to his games with
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#1732776886877616-486: The promise of an outrageous halftime show, instead of the promise of a good football game. The team was called the Indians because they were made up entirely of Native Americans , and Oorang came from Lingo's Oorang Kennel Company. The Indians players participated in helping the Oorang Airedales perform tricks for the crowd before and after the game. However, it was their halftime entertainment that made them such
644-470: The riff). Ronnie Wood plays the song's distinct electric slide guitar , including the song's opening intro and solo. Charlie Watts plays drums. Additional musicians are included Darryl Jones on bass while Chuck Leavell on play the song's piano. "Rough Justice" was released as a double A-side with " Streets of Love " on 22 August 2005. It charted at number 15 on the UK Singles Chart . In
672-400: The school bands of the two competing teams perform at halftime with the marching band of the visiting team performing first followed by the marching band of the home team. Often, the cheerleaders and/or a dance team will perform. Other activities may also take place, and these vary widely. Until sometime in the early 1980s, these shows were typically included as part of the broadcast if the game
700-412: The typical format featuring a single headline artist collaborating with a small number of guest acts. The NFL does not pay the halftime show performers an appearance fee, though it covers all expenses for the performers and their entourage of band members, management, technical crew, security personnel, family, and friends. The Super Bowl XXVII halftime show with Michael Jackson provided an exception, as
728-401: Was televised; since that time, it has become traditional for TV networks to devote the halftime to a roundup of other games' scores as well as providing analysis. During a professional football game, a high school or college band may be brought in to perform. For the Super Bowl and Grey Cup games, an elaborate show involving musicians, dancers, fireworks and other special effects has become
756-454: Was the owner of a dog kennel and sponsored an all-Native American football team, the Oorang Indians , to tour the country and promote the kennel. In addition to playing football, the Indians would provide various forms of entertainment, including exhibiting the dogs, players demonstrating their prowess ( Nick Lassa once wrestled a bear while Jim Thorpe would kick long-distance field goals), dancing, and demonstrations of native culture. Although
784-535: Was viewed by 89.9 million people, more than the audiences for the Oscars, Grammys and Emmy Awards combined. In the wake of the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy with Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake , ABC and the NFL imposed a five-second delay and censored lyrics considered too sexually explicit in the first two songs by briefly turning off Mick Jagger 's microphone—censoring to which
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