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165-537: The film proved less successful than the first two films both financially and critically. While criticism focused on the comedic and campy tone as well as the casting and performance of Pryor, the performance of Christopher Reeve and the special effects received positive reviews. A sequel, Superman IV: The Quest for Peace , was released in July 1987. The conglomerate Webscoe hires computer programmer Gus Gorman who embezzles through salami slicing . This brings him to

330-421: A camp , and that this was a way of projecting one's own queer sensibility upon the world to therefore reclaim it. Conversely, he argued, the biggest threat to camp wasn't heterosexuals ("who tend to accept it, although usually at a fairly broad and superficial level"), but "a neo-puritanism, a received conformism" emerging among gay people at the time. The rise of postmodernism and queer theory has made camp

495-561: A coping mechanism to deal with intolerance and marginalization in society. In his 1972 book Gay Talk , writer Bruce Rodgers traces the term camp to 16th century British theatre, where it referred to men dressed as women ( drag ). Camp may have derived from the gay slang Polari , which borrowed the term from the Italian campare, or from the French term se camper , meaning "to pose in an exaggerated fashion". A similar sense

660-594: A cyborg who attacks Webster and Lorelei with energy beams that immobilize them. Superman escapes and returns with beltric acid from the chemical plant; the heat from the supercomputer causes the acid to destroy the computer. Gus makes a fresh start in West Virginia . Superman visits Lana as Clark after she moves to Metropolis and takes a new job as secretary to Perry White. Lois returns from vacation with an article about corruption in Bermuda . Superman restores

825-499: A queer sensibility upon the world and unite one's peers in that sensibility. The first post-World War II use of the word in print may be Christopher Isherwood 's 1954 novel The World in the Evening , where he comments: "You can't camp about something you don't take seriously. You're not making fun of it; you're making fun out of it. You're expressing what's basically serious to you in terms of fun and artifice and elegance." In

990-407: A 21st-century incarnation of camp style. Geri Halliwell is recognized as a camp icon for her high camp aesthetics, performance style and kinship with the gay community during her time as a solo artist. Dancer, singer and actress Josephine Baker has been described as camp. Her famous banana dress has been noted as particularly camp for its flamboyant, humorous and ironic qualities, as well as

1155-400: A 360-degree angle with 55K resolution for every shot, the process would take approximately two to four minutes. The set capture resulted in lighting and textures that could be reprojected onto geometry. Full-screen digital doubles were a major component for the fighting sequences. Digital armor was also added, along with the energy-based Kryptonian helmets. Cyberscan and FACS were conducted with

1320-537: A 4-out-of-5-star review, stating that " Man of Steel has more than earned its keep, and deserves to be THE iconic Superman movie for a whole new generation". He would go on to name Man of Steel the best superhero movie of 2013. Jim Vejvoda of IGN gave Man of Steel a 9 out of 10 while praising the action sequences and the performances of Kevin Costner, Russell Crowe and Michael Shannon. The performance of Antje Traue as Superman's adversary Faora-Ul, particularly in

1485-531: A Bible study in a cape. The messages are so strong that its marketers been [ sic ] explicitly pushing the film to Christian audiences." Man of Steel held a red carpet premiere at the Lincoln Center 's Alice Tully Hall in New York City on June 10, 2013, which featured the attendance of the principal cast members. The film received a wide release on June 14, 2013. The film

1650-400: A March 2014 interview with Esquire , Wilkinson explained the reason for the look of Superman's redesigned suit: A lot of the efforts we took in the film were to explain why the suit looks the way it does. We didn't want it to be a random, ornamental decision. We start the film on the planet of Krypton, which is where the suit comes from, and we go to great pains to show the suit fitting into

1815-560: A United States Air Force officer and the assistant to General Swanwick. Richard Schiff plays Dr. Emil Hamilton , a scientist who works with the United States Armed Forces for DARPA. Carla Gugino portrays the voice of Kelor, the Kryptonian AI service-robot. Mackenzie Gray plays Jax-Ur , a Kryptonian scientist who is one of General Zod's followers. Michael Kelly plays Steve Lombard , an employee of

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1980-435: A banana dress in reference to Josephine Baker and dedicated a whole collection to her. He used mismatched buttons when creating his own take on a Chanel suit. By the time he died in 1990, he had dressed noted queer icons such as Grace Jones and Isabella Rossellini . His grave is marked with a stylized golliwog —a reclaimed symbol for his label—featuring big gold earrings and bright red lips. The 2019 Met Gala 's theme

2145-524: A bit more in the 'imperfections' column." Steve Persall of the Tampa Bay Times stated that, " Man of Steel is more than just Avengers -sized escapism ; it's an artistic introduction to a movie superhero we only thought we knew." Time magazine's Richard Corliss said, "The movie finds its true, lofty footing not when it displays Kal-El's extraordinary powers, but when it dramatizes Clark Kent's roiling humanity. The super part of Man of Steel

2310-477: A camp reading of French composer Francis Poulenc 's Concerto for Two Pianos in D minor , noting its combination of a Balinese gamelan with a sense of "musical resignation and longing". Musicologist Raymond Knapp has compared musical camp to jazz, especially in camp's playfulness and admiration for its subjects, which can seem mocking but often borders on veneration. He argues that musical camp draws attention to its performativity and inspirations, while engaging

2475-472: A cinematic universe featuring other DC Comics characters following the release of Man of Steel . In June 2013, Goyer was hired to write the film's sequel, along with the script for Justice League . Zack Snyder revealed at San Diego Comic-Con the following month that Superman and Batman would appear in the sequel to Man of Steel , with Cavill, Adams, Lane and Fishburne set to reprise their roles. The film's title, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice ,

2640-467: A common perspective on aesthetics, not solely identified with gay men. Women (especially lesbians ), trans people, and people of colour have described new forms of camp , such as dyke camp (including subcategories such as cubana and high-femme dyke camp ) and queer of color camp . Camp has also been a subject of psychoanalytic theory , where it has been portrayed as a form of performance or masquerade . Scholar Cynthia Morrill has argued that

2805-549: A constant villain would be similar to horror movie sequels where a serial killer keeps coming back. Hackman would reprise his role as Lex Luthor in Superman IV which the Salkinds had no involvement in. In the commentary for the 2006 DVD release of Superman III , Ilya Salkind denied any negative feelings between Margot Kidder and his production team and denied the claim that her part was cut for retaliation. Instead, he said

2970-604: A dance routine, muttering to herself in a broad Australian accent, "Mum says I have to practice if I want to be on Australian Idol ." In the UK, the music hall tradition of pantomime , which often uses drag and other features of camp , remains a popular form of entertainment for families and young children. Most towns and cities in the UK stage at least one pantomime between November and February, drawing in an estimated £146 million in 2014. The words camp and kitsch are often used interchangeably, though they are distinct. Camp

3135-718: A different kind of aesthetic engagement. Camp art is distinct from but often confused with kitsch . The American writer Susan Sontag emphasized its key elements as embracing frivolity, excess and artifice. Art historian David Carrier notes that, despite these qualities, it is also subversive and political. Camp may be sophisticated, but subjects deemed camp may also be perceived as being dated, offensive or in bad taste . Camp may also be divided into high and low camp (i.e., camp arising from serious versus unserious matters), or alternatively into naive and deliberate camp (i.e., accidental versus intentional camp). While author and academic Moe Meyer defines camp as

3300-468: A film in the way that we wanted it to. It didn't position the character the way he needed to be positioned. Had Superman worked in 2006, we would have had a movie for Christmas of this year or 2009. Now the plan is just to reintroduce Superman without regard to a Batman and Superman movie at all." Paul Levitz stated in an interview that Batman holds the key to the Superman reboot. He elaborated: "Everyone

3465-821: A form of "queer parody", journalist Jack Babuscio argues it is a specific "gay sensibility" which has often been "misused to signify the trivial, superficial and 'queer'". Camp , as a particular style or set of mannerisms, may serve as a marker of identity, such as in camp talk , which expresses a gay male identity. This camp style is associated with incongruity or juxtaposition , theatricality, and humour , and has appeared in film, cabaret , and pantomime . Both high and low forms of culture may be camp , but where high art incorporates beauty and value, camp often strives to be lively, audacious and dynamic. Camp can also be tragic , sentimental and ironic, finding beauty or black comedy even in suffering. The humour of camp , as well as its frivolity, may serve as

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3630-401: A future Superman installment, the Salkinds were eager to cast him in a prominent role in the third film, using the success of Pryor in the films Silver Streak , Stir Crazy and The Toy . Pryor accepted a $ 5 million salary. Following the release of the film, Pryor signed a five-year contract with Columbia Pictures for $ 40 million. Principal photography began on June 21, 1982. Most of

3795-472: A god to them.'" Paul Asay of The Washington Post writes that "Superman floats in space with his arms splayed out as if nailed to an invisible cross," a fact that Craig also mentioned in his assessment of the film. The protagonist of the film is also 33 years old and seeks "counsel at a church." Writing for The Huffington Post , Colin Liotta compared Zod to Adolf Hitler , citing: "He feels his vision for

3960-404: A hot pink Brandon Maxwell gown with a 25-foot train and went through a series of four "reveals," paying homage to drag culture , debuting a new outfit each time, until reaching her final look: a bra and underwear with fishnets and platform heels. Other notable ensembles included Katy Perry wearing a gown that looked like a chandelier, designed by Moschino ; and Kacey Musgraves appearing as

4125-505: A lack of charisma. Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times said that Man of Steel covered no new ground with regard to Superman films, and instead, "we're plunged back into a mostly-underwhelming film, with underdeveloped characters and supercharged-fight scenes that drag on and offer nothing new in the way of special-effects creativity". The Boston Globe ' s Ty Burr wrote, "What's missing from this Superman saga

4290-404: A life-size Barbie , also by Moschino. Famous representatives of camp films are, for example, John Waters ( Pink Flamingos , 1972) and Rosa von Praunheim ( The Bed Sausage , 1971) , who mainly used this style in the 1970s, and who created films which achieved cult status . The 1972 musical Cabaret is also seen as an example of the aesthetic, with film critic Esther Leslie describing

4455-417: A lot of the mechanics but did not connect with the characters, which robbed the story of tension. Waid, who wrote the origin miniseries Superman: Birthright , criticized the film for its overall "joyless" tone, and for Superman's decision to kill Zod, a criticism echoed by other creators. Writer Grant Morrison , who wrote the critically acclaimed miniseries All-Star Superman , expressed mixed reaction to

4620-472: A modern context. Impressed with Goyer's concept, Nolan pitched the idea to the studio, who hired Nolan to produce and Goyer to write based on the financial and critical success of The Dark Knight . Nolan admired Singer's work on Superman Returns for its connection to Richard Donner's version, stating that "a lot of people have approached Superman in a lot of different ways. I only know the way that has worked for us that's what I know how to do", emphasizing

4785-552: A number of comedies in the 1960s—including the Beatles ' A Hard Day's Night —before being hired by the Salkinds in the 1970s for their successful Three Musketeers series, as well as Superman II which, although better received, was also criticized for unnecessary sight gags and slapstick. Lester broke tradition by setting the opening credits for Superman III during a prolonged slapstick sequence rather than in outer space. The film's screenplay, by David and Leslie Newman ,

4950-522: A particular style and affectation. By 1870, British crossdresser Frederick Park referred to his "campish undertakings" in a letter produced in evidence at his examination before a magistrate at Bow Street , London, on suspicion of illegal homosexual acts; the letter does not make clear what these were. In 1909, the Oxford English Dictionary gave the first print citation of camp , described as an "etymologically obscure" use of

5115-493: A peek over the wall of secrecy surrounding their DC Comics plans: "It's setting the tone for what the movies are going to be like going forward. In that, it's definitely a first step." Plans included for the film to contain references to the existence of other superheroes, alluding to the possibility of a further DC Universe , and setting the tone for a shared fictional universe of DC Comics characters on film. Guillermo del Toro , with whom Goyer worked on Blade II , turned down

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5280-453: A performance or an expression, and then we could use those hi-res stills to project onto the CG double and get really accurate transition lighting and color—right from the set." On set, a camera rig was used to capture the environment of the sequence. Dubbed "enviro-cam", the visual effects crew would mount a Canon EOS 5D and a motorized nodal head, allowing the crew to capture the environment at

5445-490: A perversely sophisticated appeal". In America, the concept of camp was also described by Christopher Isherwood in 1954 in his novel The World in the Evening , and later by Susan Sontag in her 1964 essay ' Notes on "Camp" '. Two key components of the "radical spectacle of camp" were originally feminine performances: swish and drag . With swish's extensive use of superlatives and drag's exaggerated female impersonation, camp occasionally became extended to all things "over

5610-476: A power now in decline. As opposed to kitsch, camp reappropriates culture in an ironic fashion, whereas kitsch is indelibly sincere. Additionally, kitsch may be seen as a quality of an object, while camp "tends to refer to a subjective process". Those who identify objects as "camp" note the distance often apparent in the process through which "unexpected value can be located in some obscure or exorbitant object." In its subversiveness and irony, camp can also suggest

5775-410: A pre-simulated lighting version to get approval on how the object would read. Sims were then run "on all the targets which would be discrete beads floating around on top of the surface which would have its own set of parameters", in which Goodwin further explained: "The bead size or the turbulence that would crawl along the surface constantly updating the orientation was based on the normal provided by

5940-652: A procedural way. One of the advantages of this was that, because it was all based around a limited number of input components, you can make sure they're modeled in a way they're usable in effects—you can model something but they'll be another stage to rig it for destruction." Fire, smoke, and water stimulation tools were developed at the Double Negative studio. The studio transitioned between the existing proprietary volume rendering software to rendering in Mantra for elements such as fireball sims. Double Negative also used

6105-407: A pure Krypton (i.e. a society like the one Hitler envisioned with his eugenics program ) is the only answer for survival." The sequence where a young Clark's powers overwhelm him in grade school, leading to him shutting himself in a closet, has led many to speculate that DC Extended Universe Superman is either autistic or meant to represent the struggles of autism. Warner Bros. and DC Comics won

6270-402: A redesigned Superman costume by James Acheson and Michael Wilkinson . The costume preserves the color scheme and "S" logo, but adopts darker tones, and notably does not feature the red trunks usually worn by Superman. Zack Snyder said the costume is "a modern aesthetic". He and the producers attempted to devise a suit featuring the red trunks, but could not design one that fit into the tone of

6435-454: A similar tone to Richard Donner 's 1978 film , and would have included villains such as Zod, Brainiac , and Lex Luthor . In August 2008, Warner Bros. suggested that the planned sequel to Superman Returns , subtitled Man of Steel by director Bryan Singer , would now be a reboot of the film series. Studio executive Jeff Robinov planned to have the film released either by 2010 or 2011, explaining that " Superman Returns didn't quite work as

6600-526: A spacecraft toward Earth before being killed by General Zod during a coup d'état. Kal-El lands in Kansas , where he is adopted by Jonathan and Martha Kent and named Clark . As he grows older, due to his Kryptonian physiology and Earth's yellow sun , he develops superhuman powers that Jonathan urges him to keep hidden, even refusing Clark's help years later during a tornado storm where he loses his life. Burdened with guilt over Jonathan's death, Clark travels

6765-536: A weak replacement for Lex Luthor . Christopher John reviewed Superman III in Ares magazine #16 and commented that "compared to the first film in this series, everything about Superman III is a joke, a harsh cruel joke played on all the people who wanted to see more of the Superman they saw a few years ago." Colin Greenland reviewed Superman III for Imagine magazine, and stated that "What ultimately spoils

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6930-463: A young son named Ricky. Superman saves an unconscious Ricky from being killed by a combine harvester while having a picnic with Lana. Webster orders Gus to command a weather satellite codenamed Vulcan and create a storm to destroy coffee crops in Colombia after the country refuses to do business with him allowing Webster to corner the market . Gus hacks the satellite but Superman neutralizes

7095-524: Is a sense of lightness, of pop joy". The Washington Post ' s Ann Hornaday stated that with "Hans Zimmer's turgid, over-produced score", the film "is an exceptionally-unpleasant viewing experience". For The Denver Post ' s Lisa Kennedy, the chief problem with Man of Steel is the "rhythm and balance in the storytelling and directing" which resulted in a film that swings "between destructive overstatement and flat-footed homilies." Kofi Outlaw, Editor-in-Chief at Screen Rant , gave Man of Steel

7260-478: Is a way of approaching the story I've never seen before that makes it incredibly exciting. I wanted to get Emma Thomas and I involved in shepherding the project right away and getting it to the studio and getting it going in an exciting way. — Christopher Nolan , recalling the moment when Goyer presented the idea of a modernized Superman. In June 2008, Warner Bros. took pitches from comic book writers, screenwriters and directors on how to successfully reboot

7425-517: Is also considered camp and according to educator Carol Queen , her "whole career up to and including Sex has depended heavily on camp imagery and camp understandings of gender and sex". Madonna has also been named "Queen of Camp". In public and on stage, Dusty Springfield developed an image supported by her peroxide blonde beehive hairstyle, evening gowns , and heavy make-up that included her much-copied "panda eye" look. Springfield borrowed elements of her look from blonde glamour queens of

7590-529: Is also found in French theatre in Molière 's 1671 play Les Fourberies de Scapin . Writer Susan Sontag and linguist Paul Baker place the "soundest starting point" for the modern sense of camp , meaning flamboyant , as the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Writer Anthony Burgess theorized it may have emerged from the primary sense of the word , as in a military encampment, where gay men would subtly advertize their sexuality in all-male company through

7755-503: Is always a way of consuming or performing culture "in quotation marks". Sontag also distinguishes between naïve and deliberate camp , and examines Christopher Isherwood's distinction between low camp — which he associated with cross-dressing and drag performances — and high camp — which included "the whole emotional basis of the Ballet, for example, and of course of Baroque art". High camp has also been used to describe drag that

7920-472: Is just okay, but the man part is super." In a review on Roger Ebert 's website, Matt Zoller Seitz awarded the film three out of four stars, calling it an "astonishing movie" and praising the conflict between Clark and Zod. But he criticized the film for not having more personal and intimate moments between Clark and Lois. In 2014, Empire ranked Man of Steel the 286th-greatest film ever made on their list of "The 301 Greatest Movies Of All Time" as voted by

8085-450: Is more subtle or ironic, as opposed to drag that is more parodic and obvious (and thus low camp ). According to sociologist Andrew Ross , camp combines outmoded and contemporary forms of style, fashion, and technology. Often characterized by the reappropriation of a "throwaway Pop aesthetic", camp works to intermingle the categories of "high" and "low" culture. Objects may become camp objects because of their historical association with

8250-582: Is renowned for his use of camp in interpreting the works of the Western canon , including Shakespeare , Wagner , Molière , Seneca and Kafka . His 2006 eight-hour production for the Sydney Theatre Company The Lost Echo was based on Ovid 's Metamorphoses and Euripides 's The Bacchae . In the first act ("The Song of Phaeton"), for instance, the goddess Juno takes the form of a highly stylized Marlene Dietrich , and

8415-489: Is rooted in a specifically queer sensibility, informed by queer identity and culture , whereas kitsch is rooted in the rise of mass-produced art and popular culture for the mainstream. Both terms may relate to an object or work that carries aesthetic value, but kitsch refers specifically to the work itself, whereas camp is a sensibility as well as a mode of performance. A person may consume kitsch intentionally or unintentionally, but camp , as Susan Sontag observed,

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8580-420: Is waiting for Nolan to sign on for another Batman, once that happens, the release date for Superman and all other future projects will follow." In February 2009, McG , who previously planned to direct Superman: Flyby , expressed interest in returning to the Superman franchise. August 2009 saw a court ruling in which Jerry Siegel 's family recaptured 50% of the rights to Superman's origins and Siegel's share of

8745-469: The Harry Potter series to faith-based groups. Warner Bros. also asked Professor Craig Detweiler of Pepperdine University to "create a Superman-centric sermon outline for pastors titled Jesus: The Original Superhero ." Regarding this, Paul Asay of The Washington Post wrote that "the religious themes keep coming: Free will. Sacrifice. God-given purpose. Man of Steel isn't just a movie. It's

8910-517: The Superman film series . Comic book writers Grant Morrison , Mark Waid , Geoff Johns and Brad Meltzer were among those who pitched their ideas for a reboot: "I told them, it's not that bad. Just treat Superman Returns as the Ang Lee Hulk ", Morrison said. Waid said: " The Incredible Hulk has proven the audience will forgive you and let you redo the franchise". Morrison's idea

9075-715: The Daily Planet , and Rebecca Buller plays Jenny Jurwich, an intern of the Daily Planet . Jadin Gould, Rowen Kahn, and Jack Foley, respectively, play Lana Lang , Kenny Braverman , and Pete Ross , classmates of Clark Kent in high school. Joseph Cranford portrays Ross as an adult. Richard Cetrone, Samantha Jo , Revard Dufresne and Apollonia Vanova, respectively, play Tor-An, Car-Vex, Dev-Em II and Nadira, Kryptonian soldiers that follow General Zod. He basically told me, 'I have this thought about how you would approach Superman', I immediately got it, loved it and thought: That

9240-616: The Leaning Tower of Pisa and blowing out the Olympic Flame . Gus asks Webster to build a supercomputer in exchange for Gus creating an energy crisis by directing every oil tanker to the Atlantic Ocean . Lorelei seduces Superman and manipulates him into causing an oil spill . Superman suffers a nervous breakdown and splits into two beings: the corrupted Superman and Clark Kent. The two fight and Clark defeats

9405-480: The Phantom Zone , where they were imprisoned for treason for their actions against Krypton. They travel to Earth to turn it into a new Krypton, possessing several terraforming devices salvaged from Kryptonian outposts. Following Clark and Lois' capture, Zod's science officer, Jax-Ur , extracts Clark's genes so as to create new Kryptonians who will build a society based on Zod's ideals of genetic purity. Using

9570-665: The Philippines with $ 1.66 million. In the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta, the film earned $ 5.6 million on its opening day and £11.2 million ($ 17.47 million) on its opening weekend. Its biggest opener outside the United States was in China, with $ 25.9 million in four days (Thursday to Sunday). In total earnings, its three largest countries after North America are China ($ 63.4 million),

9735-535: The United States and Canada , and $ 377 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $ 670 million, making it the highest-grossing solo Superman film of all time and the second-highest when adjusting for inflation. It is also the second-highest-grossing reboot of all time behind The Amazing Spider-Man . Deadline Hollywood calculated the film's net profit as $ 42.7   million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues, making it

9900-516: The alienation of LGBTQ+ people from the mainstream to maintain its edge. Poet and scholar Chris Philpot, like Cooperman, nevertheless argues that camp can still be a viable "survival strategy" for marginalized queer people, so long as it evolves with them. Curator Andrew Bolton, after his show Camp: Notes on Fashion at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art , explains that context is also important for understanding

10065-423: The hip-hop genre—designed seven camp outfits for Gucci , worn at the gala by 21 Savage , Omari Hardwick , Regina Hall , Bevy Smith , Ashley Graham and Karlie Kloss (he wore the seventh). Lady Gaga's entrance took 16 minutes, as she arrived to the gala alongside an entourage of five dancers carrying umbrellas, a make up artist, and a personal photographer to snap pictures of Gaga's poses. Gaga arrived in

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10230-439: The ninth-highest-grossing film of 2013 . A follow-up , titled Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice , was released on March 25, 2016. The planet Krypton is destabilizing from the mining of the planetary core . Just before the planet explodes, Krypton's top scientist, Jor-El , steals and infuses the genetics codex into his new-born son, Kal-El , the first naturally born Kryptonian in centuries. Jor-El manages to send Kal-El in

10395-526: The " Last Night of the Proms " has been said to glory in "nostalgia, camp, and pastiche". Camp still forms a strong element in UK culture, and many so-called gay icons and objects are chosen as such because they are camp, including musicians such as Elton John , Kylie Minogue , Lulu , and Mika . Musicologist Philip Brett has highlighted campness in the work of Benjamin Britten and has also argued for

10560-433: The 1950s, such as Brigitte Bardot and Catherine Deneuve . This, her singing style and her sexuality made her a "camp icon" and won her a following in the gay community. Besides the prototypical female drag queen , she was presented in the roles of the "Great White Lady" of pop and soul, and the "Queen of Mods ". Rappers such as Lil' Kim , Nicki Minaj and Cam'ron have all been described as camp, often because of

10725-995: The 1950s. However, critics of Sontag's description, such as art historian David Carrier , say that it is outdated and that "her celebration of its ecstatic marginality downplays its implicit subversiveness". In Mark Booth's 1983 book Camp , he defines camp as "to present oneself as being committed to the marginal with a commitment greater than the marginal merits". He makes a distinction between genuine camp , and camp fads and fancies — things that are not intrinsically camp, but display artificiality, stylization, theatricality, naivety, sexual ambiguity, tackiness, poor taste, stylishness, or camp people, and thus appeal to them. In his 1984 book Camp: The Lie That Tells The Truth , writer and artist Philip Core describes Jean Cocteau 's autobiography as "the definition of camp". In 1993, journalist Russell Davies published comedian Kenneth Williams ' diaries. Williams' diary entry for 1 January 1947 reads: "Went to Singapore with Stan—very camp evening,

10890-457: The American writer Susan Sontag 's 1964 essay Notes on "Camp" , Sontag emphasized the embrace of artifice, frivolity, naivety, pretentiousness, offensiveness, and excess as key elements of camp. Examples cited by Sontag included Tiffany lamps , the drawings of Aubrey Beardsley , Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake , and Japanese science fiction films such as Rodan and The Mysterians of

11055-665: The DVD release of Superman Returns , included these scenes in the extra features section as deleted scenes. Superman III grossed $ 60 million at the United States box office, and $ 20.2 million internationally, for a total of $ 80.2 million worldwide. The film was the 12th-highest-grossing film of 1983 in North America. Superman III holds a 29% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 59 reviews. The critical consensus reads "When not overusing sight gags, slapstick and Richard Pryor, Superman III resorts to plot points rehashed from

11220-516: The English comedy skit show Little Britain . From the mid-1940s, numerous representations of camp speech or camp talk , as used by gay men, began to appear in print in America, France and the United Kingdom. By the mid-1970s, camp was defined by the college edition of Webster's New World Dictionary as "banality, mediocrity, artifice, [and] ostentation ... so extreme as to amuse or have

11385-568: The Japanese anime shows Dragon Ball Z and Birdy the Mighty as an inspiration for the film's epic battle scenes. During the film's brainstorming, Oliva pitched the idea as "I could come up with something I've never seen in live-action American cinema and only in anime". Principal photography began on August 1, 2011, at an industrial park near DuPage Airport under the codename "Autumn Frost". Zack Snyder expressed reluctance to shooting

11550-605: The Jor-El AI to take over the ship, Clark and Lois flee and warn the U.S. military of Zod's plan, resulting in a confrontation between Clark and Zod's troops. Zod deploys his most powerful terraforming device, the World Engine, which severely damages Metropolis and risks humanity's extinction. Clark destroys the terraforming platform while the military launches an attack on the Black Zero, sending Zod's troops back to

11715-572: The Leaning Tower of Pisa and flies into space . Frank Oz had a cameo as a surgeon , but the scene was deleted from the final cut, although it was later included in the TV extended version of the film. Shane Rimmer appears as a state police officer. Pamela Mandell, who played a diner waitress in the same film, appears as the hapless wife of a Daily Planet sweepstakes winner. Aaron Smolinski, who played young Clark Kent in Superman , appears as

11880-504: The Phantom Zone. With the ship destroyed and Krypton's only hope of revival gone, Zod vows to destroy Earth and its inhabitants out of revenge. The two Kryptonians engage in a lengthy battle across Metropolis, which concludes when Clark is forced to kill Zod as the latter attacks a family trapped in a train station. Sometime later, Clark adopts the moniker " Superman " and persuades the government to let him act independently, under

12045-644: The Smallville battle scenes, has also been lauded. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave it 3 stars out of 4, saying, "Caught in the slipstream between action and angst, Man of Steel is a bumpy ride for sure. But there's no way to stay blind to its wonders." Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter said rebooting the franchise was unnecessary, but that the film was confident enough and Snyder's attention to detail careful enough that audiences could overlook another reboot. PopMatters journalist J.C. Maçek III, wrote, "The path of this flawed savior isn't quite

12210-515: The Thursday night gross is included—putting it in third place, behind Monsters University and World War Z . Box Office Mojo called it an "abnormally large drop," close to the second-weekend decline for Green Lantern . Man of Steel earned $ 73.3 million on its opening weekend from 24 countries, which includes $ 4.2 million from 79 IMAX theaters, setting a June opening-weekend record for IMAX. The film set an opening-day record in

12375-413: The United Kingdom on December 2, 2013. As of January 2019, Man of Steel has sold more than 2.3 million DVDs along with an estimated of 3.3 million Blu-ray Discs totaling $ 44.4 million and $ 76.2 million, respectively, for a total of $ 120.7 million in sales. The film was later released in 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray format on July 19, 2016. Man of Steel grossed $ 291 million in

12540-403: The United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta ($ 46.2 million) and Australia ($ 22.3 million). On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 56% based on 344 reviews and an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's consensus reads, " Man of Steel ' s exhilarating action and spectacle can't fully overcome its detours into generic blockbuster territory." On Metacritic ,

12705-503: The Vulcan storm. Webster orders Gus to make Kryptonite after realizing that Superman is a danger to his plans. Gus uses Vulcan to analyze the wreckage of Krypton and makes faulty Kryptonite. Lana invites Superman to Ricky's birthday party but it becomes a major celebration. Gus and Vera infiltrate the celebration and give Superman the fake Kryptonite which corrupts Superman and causes him to commit acts of vandalism such as straightening

12870-471: The actors, and polarized and non-polarized reference photos were taken. Superman's cape and costume were scanned in high detail—the cape in particular became a direct extension of Superman's actions. For the sequences involving the terraforming of the city Metropolis, Double Negative handled the visual effects for the sequence. To construct a Metropolis that seemed convincing and realistic, Double Negative used Esri 's CityEngine to help procedurally deliver

13035-421: The air and describes whatever the thing is you're supposed to be seeing." The beads of the display, which up close would appear to be pyramids with a slight bevel , were designed to create a surface of the object to depict inside a "console-like" figure. In the modeling and animation aspect of the liquid geometry, Goodwin explained: "We had to develop a pipeline to bring in assets, so instead of going through

13200-411: The attention of CEO Ross Webster. Webster and his sister Vera and his girlfriend Lorelei blackmail Gus into helping them. Clark Kent and Jimmy Olsen return to Smallville for Clark's high school reunion . Superman extinguishes a fire in a chemical plant containing unstable beltric acid which produces corrosive vapor when superheated. Clark reunites with childhood friend Lana Lang who has

13365-584: The audience interactively in the process of creating meaning. Thomas Dworzak published a collection of "last portrait" photographs of young Taliban soldiers about to depart for the front, found in Kabul photo studios. The book, titled Taliban , attests to a campy aesthetic, quite close to the gay movement in California or a Peter Greenaway film. The Comedy Central television show Strangers with Candy (1999–2000), starring comedian Amy Sedaris ,

13530-485: The battle away from Metropolis as the character did at the end of Superman II . Jim Lee had a positive opinion: "It's epic. It's got a lot of heart, but one of the things that was kind of missing from the last Superman movie I think was the action, and this movie has it in spades. I mean it is a visual thrill ride. It is amazing. You get to see all the powers of Superman, and in all its glory, and I think people are going to be blown away." Warner Bros. began planning

13695-513: The biggest advance night/midnight debut for a non-sequel. The film eventually earned $ 44 million during its opening Friday (including midnight grosses) and $ 56.1 million when the Thursday night showings are included. The opening-day gross was the second-highest for a non-sequel, and the 20th-largest overall. Its opening weekend gross of $ 116.6 million was the third-highest of 2013, behind Iron Man 3 ($ 174.1 million) and The Hunger Games: Catching Fire ($ 158.1 million), and

13860-474: The boy next to the phone booth that Clark uses to change into Superman. He also would later appear in Man of Steel as a communications officer. Richard Donner confirmed that he had been interested in writing at least two more Superman films which he intended Tom Mankiewicz to direct and use Brainiac as the villain of the third film. Donner departed the series during the production of Superman II . The film

14025-472: The camp in the film thus: Camp thrives on tragic gestures, on lament at the transience of life, on an excess of sentiment, an ironic sensibility that art and artifice is preferable to nature and health, in a Wildean sense. Australian writer/director Baz Luhrmann's Red Curtain Trilogy , in particular the film Strictly Ballroom (1992), has been described as camp. The term camp is also used prominently in

14190-416: The characters to the camera. So we would do that animation with the characters—grappling, punching or flying away—and we would take the real guys up until the point until they were supposed to do that and we'd cut. Then we'd put an environment camera there and take the environment. And then a camera for reference of the actors and get each moment. So then we had a set of high-res stills for the environment and

14355-428: The characters. Then, in post, we take the digi-doubles and animate them according to the speeds we want them to move in our digital environment." MPC handled the visual effects for the "Smallville encounter" sequence. Before providing the visual effects, the shots were previsualized for the fight choreography. After the previsualizations, live action portions of the scene would be filmed in small pieces: "If say Superman

14520-519: The city. According to Ged Wright , a Double Negative visual effects supervisor, it was a much more sci-fi based role, "so we took what they had done and extended it a great deal. The work we were doing was based around the Downtowns for New York, L.A. and Chicago and that gave us the building volumes for heights. We'd skin those volumes with kit parts, but most of it then had to fall down! So we had to rig it for destruction and use it for other aspects of

14685-443: The conception of "camp-as-masquerade" ignores the specifically queer sensibility of camp by interrogating queerness through a heteronormative lens (i.e., solely in relation to the symbol of the phallus ). Camp has become prevalent in mainstream popular entertainment such as theatre, cinema, TV and music. In reaction to its popularisation, critics such as Jack Babuscio and Jeanette Cooperman have argued that camp requires

14850-465: The condition he does not turn against humanity. To gain covert access to dangerous situations, he takes a job under his civilian identity, Clark Kent, as a reporter for the Daily Planet . Additionally, Harry Lennix plays Lieutenant General Calvin Swanwick , a United States Army general officer and the deputy commander of United States Northern Command. Christina Wren plays Capt. Carrie Ferris,

15015-666: The contest has shown an increasing attraction within the LGBTQ+ communities—in their stage performances. This is especially true during the televised finale, which is screened live across Europe. As it is a visual show, many Eurovision performances attempt to attract the attention of voters through means other than the music, which sometimes leads to bizarre onstage gimmicks, and what some critics have called "the Eurovision kitsch drive", with almost cartoonish novelty acts performing. The Australian theatre and opera director Barrie Kosky

15180-685: The copyright in Action Comics #1 . In addition, a judge ruled that Warner Bros. did not owe the families additional royalties from previous films. However, if they did not begin production on a Superman film by 2011, then the Siegel estate would have been able to sue for lost revenue on an unproduced film. The plot of Man of Steel employs a nonlinear narrative , and tells parts of the story in flashbacks. During story discussions for The Dark Knight Rises in 2008, David S. Goyer told Christopher Nolan his idea regarding how to present Superman in

15345-548: The creative team decided to pursue a different direction for a love interest for Superman, believing the Lois and Clark relationship had been overdone in the first two films. With the choice to give a more prominent role to Lana Lang, the role of Lois was reduced for story reasons. Salkind also denied the reports about Hackman being upset with him, stating that he was unable to return because of other film commitments. Christopher Reeve had stated that he would not return as Superman as he

15510-404: The culture. All of the people you see on Krypton are wearing this chainmail-like suit, with the same detailing as the Superman suit. Everyone has their family crests on their chests. The cuff and the boot details are shared through all of the different characters we meet on Krypton. So by the time we see Superman in his suit we understand why it looks the way it looks. John "DJ" Desjardin served as

15675-460: The dark Superman. Superman repairs the damage of the oil spill. After surviving exploding rockets and an ASALM missile he confronts Webster and Vera and Lorelei at the supercomputer. The computer fires a beam of pure Kryptonite at Superman. Gus destroys the Kryptonite beam but the computer becomes self-aware and defends itself against attempts to disable it. The computer transforms Vera into

15840-552: The decoded message led readers to another website with a countdown that led to the public release of the trailer. In anticipation of the film, Mattel unveiled a toy line which includes Movie Masters action figures. In addition, Lego released three Man of Steel sets, inspired by scenes from the film; Rubie's Costume Co. also released a new line of Man of Steel -inspired costumes and accessories for both kids and adults. The film has reportedly earned over $ 160 million from promotional tie-ins . Viral marketing campaigns for

16005-525: The director's position on the reboot because of his commitment on a film adaptation of At the Mountains of Madness , while Robert Zemeckis was also approached. Ben Affleck , Darren Aronofsky , Duncan Jones , Jonathan Liebesman , Matt Reeves (who would direct a Batman reboot ), and Tony Scott were considered as potential directors, before Zack Snyder was hired in October 2010. Casting began

16170-467: The early days of Krypton, where little Kal-El witnesses his father's tireless struggle to save the planet, to the finale where Superman loses his powers as the Sun starts to go supernova . According to Millar, Vaughn suggested his Stardust actor Charlie Cox as a Golden-Age inspired Superman "when he was a bit more of a regular person". Vaughn would later say his pitch for a trilogy film would have been to

16335-462: The film began when the official website was replaced by "deep space radio waves". The message was decoded to reveal a voice that said "You Are Not Alone". The official site continued to be updated with new static files that slowly revealed the symbol for the film's villain, General Zod. Shortly after, the website was replaced with a "message" from Zod, who requested that Earth must return Kal-El to his custody and told Kal-El to surrender within 24 hours or

16500-483: The film in 3-D, due to the technical limitations of the format, and instead chose to shoot the film two-dimensionally and convert the film into 3-D in post-production, for a 2-D, 3-D, and IMAX 3-D release. Snyder also chose to shoot the film on film instead of digitally , because he felt it would make the film "a big movie experience". Cinematographer Amir Mokri shot the film with Panavision Panaflex Millennium XL2 cameras and C-Series anamorphic lenses . Filming

16665-412: The film received a weighted score of 55 out of 100 based on 47 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audience polls in North America from CinemaScore for the film tallied an average grade of an "A−" on an A+ to F scale, with those under the age of 18 and older than 50 giving it an "A". Cavill's performance as Superman earned mixed reviews, with some critics commenting on perceived stiffness and

16830-472: The film would have seen Superman, Supergirl, Jimmy Olsen , Lana Lang and Brainiac time travel to the Middle Ages for a final battle against Brainiac. After defeating him and leaving Brainiac behind, Superman and Supergirl would have married at the end of Superman III or in Superman IV . The treatment was rejected as being too complex and expensive to shoot. Because of the high budgets required for

16995-510: The film, Clark Kent learns that he is a superpowered alien from the planet Krypton . He assumes the role of mankind's protector as Superman, making the choice to face General Zod and prevent him from destroying humanity. Development began in 2008 when Warner Bros. took pitches from comic book writers, screenwriters , and directors , opting to reboot the franchise. In 2009, a court ruling resulted in Jerry Siegel 's family recapturing

17160-510: The film, leading to their removal from the suit. Because of Wilkinson's unavailability, Snyder chose Acheson to design the suit; however, he only started developing it, and Wilkinson finished the development when he returned, and designed the other character's costumes as well. Due to the substantial weight a practical suit would yield, the Kryptonian armor for General Zod was constructed through CGI to allow Shannon "freedom of movement". In

17325-551: The film, saying that while they "kinda liked it and kinda didn't", it did not present anything new, as they would have preferred a "second act" type story with Lex Luthor instead of re-establishing the character by presenting information Morrison is already familiar with. Morrison also questioned the need for a superhero to kill, as did artist Neal Adams . Adams suggested that other alternatives were open to Superman when Zod threatened innocent people with his heat vision, such as covering his eyes. He also criticized Superman for not moving

17490-421: The final Superman film and said, "Kotzwinkle has done his usual good job of translating the screenplay into a novel, but there are nasty undertones to the film, and there are nasty undertones to the novel as well. Adults may enjoy the novel on its own merits, as a black comedy of sorts, but it's not written for kids, and most of the under-15 crowd will either be puzzled or revolted by Kotzwinkle's dour humor." Like

17655-660: The first film composed by John Williams . Giorgio Moroder was hired to create songs for the film. The appearance of the cover of Chuck Berry 's song Roll Over Beethoven , by the Beatles acts as an indirect reference and connection with A Hard Day's Night and Help! ; both were also directed by Richard Lester. Superman III was screened at the Uptown Theater in Washington D.C. , on June 12, 1983, and premiered in New York on June 14, 1983, at Cinema I. It

17820-462: The following November. Snyder confirmed both Booster Gold and Batman references in the film, indicating their presence in the DC shared film universe. When Zod destroys a satellite, the words "Wayne Enterprises" are scrolled on the satellite. Snyder and Nolan considered having Man of Steel share continuity with The Dark Knight trilogy , but ultimately decided against it. In the original script Zod

17985-499: The fun in Superman III is not the incoherent story or even the technophobia. It is simply overloaded—too many ideas, too many gadgets, too many stars (Pamela Stephenson is completely wasted in a part which would have been too dumb for Goldie Hawn ). The wiring all comes loose at the end; an anticlimax, and a rushed one at that." Fans of the Superman series placed a great deal of the blame on director Richard Lester . Lester made

18150-504: The globe hiding under various aliases seeking a purpose in life. Daily Planet reporter Lois Lane receives an assignment to investigate the discovery of a Kryptonian scout ship in the Arctic. Clark enters the ship disguised as a worker and learns from its artificial intelligence modeled after his father Jor-El about his origins, and that Clark was sent to Earth to help guide its people. While following Clark, Lois inadvertently triggers

18315-785: The horror genre, with examples including Killer Klowns from Outer Space , or The Evil Dead franchise. Dandyism is often seen as a precursor to camp, especially as embodied in Oscar Wilde and his work. The character of Amarinth in Robert Hichens ' The Green Carnation (1894), based on Wilde, uses "camp coding" in his "effusive and inverted" use of language. The scene where Anthony Blanche arrives late to Sebastian Flyte's lunch party in Evelyn Waugh 's Brideshead Revisited , has been described by writer George Melly as an example of camp 's "alchemical ability" to project

18480-489: The idea that Batman exists in a world where he is the only superhero and a similar approach to the Man of Steel would assure the integrity needed for the film. Nolan, however, clarified that the new film would not have any relationship with the previous film series, in which he commented: "Each serves to the internal logic of the story. They have nothing to do with each other". Robinov spoke to Entertainment Weekly , and allowed

18645-524: The in-house fluids tool "Squirt" to handle larger-scale sims and interaction for more tightly coupled volumes and particles. Regarding the battle between Superman and Zod, Double Negative implemented real photography onto its digital doubles. Hans Zimmer initially denied popular rumors that he would be composing the film's score , but in June 2012, it was confirmed that Zimmer would, in fact, be doing so after all. To completely distinguish Man of Steel from

18810-469: The intent in shooting the film was to use handheld devices to make the film feel like a " documentary-style " film. Desjardin said: "We had to think about what that would mean, since we also had to photograph some crazy action. So for a lot of the previs we did, we'd start to think where our cameras were and where our cameraman was. A lot of the rules are the Battlestar Galactica rules for

18975-617: The interior scenes were shot at Pinewood Studios outside London. The junkyard scene was filmed on the backlot of Pinewood. The coal mine scene was filmed at Battersea Power Station . Most exteriors were filmed in Calgary because of tax breaks for film companies. Superman's drinking was filmed at the St. Louis Hotel in Downtown East Village, Calgary , while other scenes such as the slapstick comedy opening were shot several blocks to

19140-557: The junkyard battle between the dark Superman and Clark Kent. Camp (style) Camp is an aesthetic and sensibility that regards something as appealing or amusing because of its heightened level of artifice, affectation and exaggeration, especially when there is also a playful or ironic element. Camp is historically associated with LGBTQ+ culture and especially gay men . Camp aesthetics disrupt modernist understandings of high art by inverting traditional aesthetic judgements of beauty, value, and taste, and inviting

19305-401: The magazine's readers. Speaking to Fox Business Channel , Grae Drake , senior editor of Rotten Tomatoes, expressed dismay over the critical reception, stating, "As much as I love and respect our critics at Rotten Tomatoes, I've got to say I am shocked. Listen, the movie's not perfect but ... I just cannot fathom it. It was a good movie, you guys." Reaction to the film among comics creators

19470-663: The mood of a group of gays and drag queens reveling in the spectacle of their own arrest by members of the New York City Vice Squad at the Stonewall Bar turned to one of rage and produced the event that solidified the lesbian and gay movement. Man of Steel (film) Man of Steel is a 2013 superhero film based on the DC Comics character Superman . Produced by Warner Bros. Pictures , Legendary Pictures , DC Entertainment , and Syncopy , it

19635-497: The musical arrangements feature Noël Coward and Cole Porter . Kosky's use of camp is also effectively employed to satirize the pretensions, manners, and cultural vacuity of Australia's suburban middle class , which is suggestive of the style of Dame Edna Everage . For example, in The Lost Echo , Kosky employs a chorus of high school students: one girl in the chorus takes leave from the goddess Diana, and begins to rehearse

19800-462: The ninth most profitable release of 2013. The film earned $ 116.6 million on its opening weekend, including $ 17.5 million from IMAX theaters. Man of Steel earned an additional $ 120 million from DVD and Blu-ray sales. Man of Steel made $ 12 million from a Thursday night Walmart screening program, and an additional $ 9 million from midnight shows. This marked Warner Bros.' third-highest advance night/midnight opening, and

19965-516: The official track listing of the two- CD deluxe edition was revealed. Many reviewers interpreted Man of Steel as a religious allegory , especially since Warner Bros. set up a website that contains "a nine-page pamphlet entitled Jesus: The Original Superhero ". Justin Craig compares Kal-El's struggle to the Passion of Christ , stating that "Kal-El is more than willing to sacrifice himself to save

20130-411: The one that we have been led to expect and many fans will love that and many fans will decry its comic book-divergent choices. On the other hand, barring Lois Lane's own knowledge of the dual nature of Clark and Superman (thus depriving one of fiction's greatest reveals), the hero we see in the final moments of Man of Steel is nothing if not the character Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster created ... with just

20295-405: The opulence and winking humour of their personas. Dapper Dan has been credited with introducing high fashion and camp to hip hop. In pop and rock, musicians Prince and Jimi Hendrix have also been called camp because of their flamboyance and playful use of artifice. South Korean rapper Psy , known for his viral internet music videos full of flamboyant dance and visuals, has come to be seen as

20460-401: The other Kryptonians proved to be a major challenge for the filmmakers and the visual effects crew. Desjardin explained: "When we do these fights and these hyper-real things, we don't want to do the traditional, 'OK I'm a cameraman, I'm shooting a clean plate, I'm going to pan over here to follow the action that's not really there yet but we'll put the action in later. Because that's us animating

20625-525: The people of Earth. Originally reluctant to reveal his identity and powers to the world, Superman decides to turn himself over to Zod to save humanity from annihilation." Craig also states that there is an allegory to the Trinity within Man of Steel : "Jor-El returns to Kal-El on Earth as a ghost, guiding his budding superhero son on his journey to salvation. Before Jor-El sends his son off to Earth baby Moses-style, he tells his wife that, like Jesus, 'He'll be

20790-427: The possibility of overturning the status quo , making it a far more "radical spectacle" than kitsch . Musicologist Philip Brett has described camp as: a strategy which confronts un-queer ontology [states of being] and homophobia with humor and which by those same means may also signal the possibility of the overturn of that ontology—as when, on a famous night in 1969, the evening of the funeral of Judy Garland ,

20955-442: The power and relevance of camp: "Camp tends to come to the fore through moments of social and political instability, when our society is deeply polarized. The 1960s is one such moment, as were the 1980s, so, too, are the times in which we're living." Patrick Kelly 's designs have been described as camp and "Radical Cheek" for his ironic use of bold colours, antiquated or incongruous styles, and reclaimed racist symbols. He designed

21120-556: The previous Superman flicks." The film has a Metacritic rating of 44, indicating "mixed or average reviews" from 13 professional reviewers. Film critic Leonard Maltin said that Superman III was an "appalling sequel that trashed everything that Superman was about for the sake of cheap laughs and a co-starring role for Richard Pryor". The film was nominated for two Razzie Awards including Worst Supporting Actor for Richard Pryor and Worst Musical Score for Giorgio Moroder. Audiences also saw Robert Vaughn 's villainous Ross Webster as

21285-433: The previous films, a separate extended edition was produced and aired on ABC . The opening credits were in outer space, featuring an edited version of the film's end-credit theme music, serving as an opening theme. This is followed by a number of scenes, including additional dialogue but not added in any of the official VHS , DVD or Blu-ray cuts of the film. The Deluxe Edition of Superman III , released in 2006 along with

21450-467: The previous films, the iconic " Superman March " by John Williams was not used. Hans Zimmer's soundtrack for Man of Steel was released publicly on June 11, 2013. An unofficial rip of the musical score from the third trailer , entitled "An Ideal of Hope", confirmed to be a cut-down version of the track "What Are You Going to Do When You Are Not Saving the World?", was released on April 19. In late April,

21615-405: The principal means of display—a technology the filmmakers called "liquid geometry". Weta Digital visual effects supervisor Dan Lemmon explained that "it's a bunch of silver beads that are suspended through a magnetic field, and the machine is able to control that magnetic field so that the collection of beads behave almost like three-dimensional pixels , and they can create a surface that floats in

21780-471: The rights to Superman's origins and Siegel's copyright. The decision stated that Warner Bros. did not owe the families additional royalties from previous films, but if they did not begin production on a Superman film by 2011, then the Shuster and Siegel estates would be able to sue for lost revenue on an unproduced film. Nolan pitched Goyer's idea after a story discussion on The Dark Knight Rises , and Snyder

21945-416: The rights to the domain name manofsteel.com, in use by a member of the public, for use for the film's official website. On November 20, 2012, for the release of The Dark Knight Rises DVD and Blu-ray , Warner Bros. launched a countdown on the film's website where fans could share the countdown on websites like Facebook or Twitter to unlock an "exclusive reward". On December 3, 2012, the "exclusive reward"

22110-473: The role. In the treatment, Brainiac was from Colu and had discovered Supergirl in the same way that Superman was found by the Kents . Brainiac is portrayed as a surrogate father to Supergirl and eventually fell in love with his "daughter" who did not reciprocate his feelings, as she had fallen in love with Superman. Brainiac retaliates by using a personality machine to corrupt and manipulate Superman. The climax of

22275-410: The route of reducing the polygon count to something usable what we would then do—you would take the model in whatever way it was made and just scatter discrete points onto it, and extract the matrix onto the animation and copy these points onto the matrix and have these sparse points behaving in a way that the model would." After the animation, artists duplicated the beads onto the animated geometry for

22440-474: The series, the Salkinds considered selling the rights to the series to Dino De Laurentiis . The significance of computers, the corruption of Superman, and the splitting of Superman into good and evil would be carried over into the final film. The film was originally intended to be titled Superman vs. Superman , but was retitled after the producers of Kramer vs. Kramer threatened a lawsuit. Both Gene Hackman and Margot Kidder are said to have been angry with

22605-539: The ship's security system, and he uses his powers to rescue her from its defenses. He wears a uniform provided by the ship's AI and begins testing his abilities. Unable to convince supervisor Perry White to publish an article on the incident, Lois tracks down Clark in Smallville , with the intent of exposing him. However, Lois drops the story upon hearing of Jonathan Kent's sacrifice, keeping Clark's identity safe while fueling Perry's suspicions. Zod and his crew escape

22770-420: The space cams that Gary Hurtzel [ sic ] developed for that miniseries , where we want to make sure if we're translating the camera at all it makes sense. Unless the action is so over the top, like in the end where Superman is beating up Zod—we had to break it a bit." For the first act of the film taking place on the planet Krypton, Weta Digital placed alien-like planet environments, creatures and

22935-437: The surface. That was then saved to disk and we would use that sim as the final target for the simulation." After the simulation process, Weta Digital ran every bead through a temporal filter to remove jitter to control the noise. Lighting solutions directly worked on the set. Weta used RenderMan to take advantage of improved ray tracing and instancing objects. The sequences where Superman uses close-combat fight scenes with

23100-449: The third-highest among non-sequels, behind Marvel's The Avengers ($ 207.4 million) and The Hunger Games ($ 152.5 million). It also broke Toy Story 3 ' s record ($ 110.3 million) for the highest weekend debut in June (the record was again broken two years later by Jurassic World ' s opening gross of $ 208.8 million). However, on its second weekend, Man of Steel ' s box office fell almost 65%–68% if

23265-409: The top", including women posing as female impersonators ( faux queens ) such as Carmen Miranda , while also retaining its meaning as "queer parody". In her study of drag , cultural anthropologist Esther Newton argued that camp has three major features: incongruity, theatricality, and humour. In his 1984, writer George Melly argued that the camp sensibility allowed almost anything to be seen as

23430-399: The visual supervisor for Man of Steel , with Weta Digital , MPC and Double Negative providing the visual effects for the film. Zack Snyder wanted the film to "appear very natural because there's some very fantastical things in there and he wanted people to suspend their disbelief, and we the visual effects team had to make it as easy as possible for them to do so." Desjardin noted that

23595-505: The way it makes a political point using outdated but reclaimed imagery. Lady Gaga , a contemporary exemplar of camp, uses music and dance to make social commentary on pop culture, as in the "Judas" music video. Her clothes, makeup, and accessories, created by high-end fashion designers, are integral to the narrative structure of her performances. Katy Perry has also been described as camp, with outlets like Vogue describing her as another "Queen of Camp". The British tradition of

23760-432: The way the Salkinds treated Superman director Richard Donner , with Hackman retaliating by refusing to reprise the role of Lex Luthor. After Margot Kidder publicly criticized the Salkinds for their treatment of Donner, the producers reportedly punished Kidder by reducing her role in Superman III to a brief appearance. Hackman later denied such claims, stating that he had been busy with other movies and that making Luthor

23925-460: The west. While the supercomputer set was created on the 007 Stage , exteriors were shot at Glen Canyon in Utah. The film includes the same special effects team from the first two films. Atari created the video game computer animation for the missile scene. As with the previous sequel, the musical score was composed and conducted by Ken Thorne , using the Superman theme and most other themes from

24090-430: The word, as "ostentatious, exaggerated, affected, theatrical; effeminate or homosexual" behavior. In the UK's pre- liberation gay culture , the term was used as a general description of the aesthetic choices and behavior of working-class gay men . The term camp is still sometimes used in the UK to describe a gay man who is perceived as outwardly garish or eccentric, such as Matt Lucas ' character Daffyd Thomas in

24255-430: The work as well." For the destruction of the buildings, the studio rewrote its own asset system to focus towards its dynamic events. The Bullet physics software was a heavily impacted component for the use of the destruction. Wright said that "we wanted to be able to run an RBD event and trigger all these secondary events, whether it was glass or dust simulations—all of those things needed to be chained up and handled in

24420-632: The world would suffer the consequences. A viral site called "IWillFindHim.com" was released that showed a countdown to the third trailer for the film. Warner Bros. enlisted Christian -based marketing firm Grace Hill Media to help spread the Christian themes of the film to the religious demographics . Special trailers were created outlining the religious tones, due to Hollywood studios frequently marketing movies to specific religious and cultural groups. Warner Bros. previously marketed films such as The Blind Side , The Notebook , The Book of Eli and

24585-578: Was Camp: Notes on Fashion , co-chaired by Anna Wintour , Serena Williams , Lady Gaga , Harry Styles , and Alessandro Michele . The show featured tributes to queer and camp figures, including a bronze statue of the Vatican 's Belvedere Antinous , portraits of Louis XIV and Oscar Wilde , and celebrations of Black and Latinx ball culture and the Harlem Renaissance . Dapper Dan —whose luxurious fashion has been credited with camping up

24750-623: Was a camp spoof of the ABC Afterschool Special genre. Inspired by the work of George Kuchar and his brother Mike Kuchar , ASS Studios began making a series of short, no-budget camp films. Their feature film Satan, Hold My Hand (2013) features many elements recognized in camp pictures. Since 2000, the Eurovision Song Contest , an annually televised competition of song performers from different countries, has shown an increasing element of camp—since

24915-499: Was also angry about the firing of Richard Donner. Producers offered the role to John Travolta , Jeff Bridges , and Kurt Russell , but all three turned it down. Shortly before shooting was to begin, Tony Danza agreed to play Superman. Lester begged Reeve to return to the role, and Reeve agreed. After an appearance by Richard Pryor on The Tonight Show , telling Johnny Carson how much he enjoyed seeing Superman and Superman II , and Pryor jokingly stated his desire to appear in

25080-529: Was also criticized. When Richard Donner was hired to direct the first two films, he rejected the Newman scripts and hired Tom Mankiewicz for heavy rewrites. Since Donner and Mankiewicz were no longer attached, the Salkinds were able to bring their version of Superman to the screen and once again hired the Newmans for writing duties. The performance of Reeve as the corrupted Superman received praise, particularly

25245-585: Was also used for the oil rig rescue scene where Superman is first introduced. Ucluelet and Nanaimo , British Columbia , feature prominently in the film's first hour—the trademark winter mist and rough seas are passed off as Alaska in the film. Filming took place in the Chicago Loop from September 7 to 17. The Chicago shoot was a unit project, meaning that filming would partake numerous establishing shots as well as cutaways and might not necessarily include principal cast members. Man of Steel features

25410-452: Was announced at the 33rd Cannes Film Festival in May 1980. In December 1980, producer Ilya Salkind wrote a treatment for this film that included Brainiac, Mister Mxyzptlk and Supergirl . The treatment was released online in 2007. The Mister Mxyzptlk portrayed in the outline varies from his comic counterpart as he uses his abilities to cause chaos. Dudley Moore was the first choice to play

25575-483: Was being punched and would land 50 meters away, we would shoot our start position and end position, and then bridge that gap with the CG takeovers", says Guillaume Rocheron , the MPC visual effects supervisor. A camera rig would then obtain key frames of the choreographed actor; Desjardin said "it's a six-still camera rig that's built on a pipe rig so that you can run it in at the end of a setup and get stills of key frames of

25740-563: Was directed by Zack Snyder from a screenplay written by David S. Goyer who developed the story with producer Christopher Nolan . The film is a reboot of the Superman film series , depicting the character's origin story , and it is the first installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Man of Steel stars Henry Cavill as Superman in the title role along with Amy Adams , Michael Shannon , Kevin Costner , Diane Lane , Laurence Fishburne , and Russell Crowe . In

25905-609: Was expected to last for two to three months. Production took place in Plano, Illinois on August 22 to 29. According to an interview with Michael Shannon, filming would continue until February 2012. Man of Steel filmed in the Chicago area, California , and Burnaby 's Mammoth Studios in Vancouver , which was used as a set for Krypton and the extraterrestrial aircraft portrayed in the film. Vancouver's North Shore waterfront area

26070-438: Was followed, but tatty types so didn't bother to make overtures." American singer and actress Cher is one of the artists who received the title of "Queen of Camp" through her colourful on-stage fashion and live performances. She gained this status in the 1970s when she launched her variety shows in collaboration with the costume designer Bob Mackie and became a constant presence on American prime-time television. Madonna

26235-491: Was going to getting sucked into the Phantom Zone, but Snyder and Goyer felt it was unsatisfying so they asked DC Comics if Superman would kill someone if he didn't have a choice. Nolan was against this approach, leading Goyer to come up with the scene with the heat vision and putting people in imminent danger and this convinced Nolan. The film's storyboard was created by storyboard artist Jay Oliva , in his first live-action feature film project, along with Snyder. Oliva has cited

26400-832: Was hired as the film's director in October 2010. Principal photography began in August 2011 in West Chicago, Illinois , before moving to Vancouver and Plano, Illinois . Man of Steel premiered in the Alice Tully Hall in New York City on June 10, 2013, and was released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on June 14. Critics felt the film's visually-appealing action sequences were not enough to overcome its descent into "generic blockbuster territory", and they were divided over Cavill's performance as Superman. It grossed $ 670   million worldwide, becoming

26565-478: Was mixed. Those who enjoyed it include Jeff Parker , Heidi MacDonald , Ethan Van Sciver , Christos Gage and former Superman writer Dan Jurgens . Among its detractors were Joe Keatinge , Sean McKeever , Gabriel Hardman and Mark Waid . MacDonald praised the film's action, drama and leads Henry Cavill and Amy Adams. Van Sciver singled out Cavill in particular for praise. Gage called it the best Superman film since 1980's Superman II . Hardman said that he liked

26730-463: Was originally slated for release in December 2012, but it was pushed to the June 14, 2013, date to avoid competition with Warner Bros's other film The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey , which was released on December 14, 2012. It was released as a single-disc DVD (feature film only), on two-disc DVD with bonus features, and respective Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D combo packs on November 12, 2013, and in

26895-540: Was released on June 17, 1983, in the United States and July 19, 1983, in the United Kingdom. William Kotzwinkle wrote a novelization of the film published by Warner Books in the US and by Arrow Books in the UK; Severn House published a British hardcover edition. Kotzwinkle thought the novelization "a delight the world has yet to find out about." However, writing in Voice of Youth Advocates , Roberta Rogow hoped this would be

27060-408: Was revealed to be an official Man of Steel teaser poster. The poster, which depicts Superman being arrested, generated a positive response and much speculation about the film's story. On December 10, 2012, a website appeared at dsrwproject.com that provided audio signals to be decoded by viewers. It was discovered to be related to the film due to the copyright on the website. By December 11, 2012,

27225-453: Was similar to their work on All-Star Superman , while Waid's was akin to Superman: Birthright . Mark Millar , teaming with director Matthew Vaughn , also planned an epic eight-hour Superman trilogy, each installment released a year apart, similar to The Lord of the Rings . Millar compared it to The Godfather trilogy , in which it would chronicle the entire life of Superman, from

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