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40-638: The Susitna River was named by the Dena'ina Alaska Native people meaning "sandy river" ( Tanaina : Susitnu ). The river appears to have been first explored by outsiders in 1834 by a " Creole [Indian] named Malakov " and the name may have been obtained by the Russians at that time, recorded by the Russia Hydrography Department on chart 1378 dated 1847 as Р(ека) Сушитна ( R(eka) Sušitna ) "Sushitna River". The present spelling of

80-707: A hunter-gatherer culture and a matrilineal system . The Iditarod Trail 's antecedents were the native trails of the Denaʼina and Deg Hitʼan Athabaskan Native Alaskans and the Inupiaq Inuit. Their neighbors are other Athabaskan peoples and Yupik peoples : Deg Hitʼan (northwest), Upper Kuskokwim (central north), Koyukon (northeast), Lower Tanana (a little part of northeast), Ahtna (east), Pacific Yupik ( Ułchena/Ultsehaga , 'slaves'; Chugach Sugpiaq, south-southeast from Kenai Peninsula to Prince William Sound, and Koniag Alutiiq, south on Kodiak Archipelago and

120-472: A qeshqa ("rich man" or "leader") who Russian and American traders and religious referred to as "Chiefs." Men and women in villages belong to their mother's clan. The clans were grouped into two sides or "moieties." Villagers could only marry outside of their own clan and moiety, maintaining diversity in the gene pool and strength in the village lineage. Archaeological work suggests that the Dena'ina have occupied

160-748: A railroad bridge of the Alaska Railroad in south-central Alaska . It spans the Susitna River on the eastern edge of Denali State Park near Gold Creek . The bridge is on the National Register of Historic Places . Construction of the bridge took place from October 1920 to February 1921. The span is 503 ft., with a height of 71 ft. in the center; the steel weighs 2,000 tons, and rests on two concrete piers, each 50 ft. high and 70 x 40 ft. in cross-section, and each containing 1,500 cubic yards of concrete. The location

200-518: A light was hoisted. But near the end of the same century a strong octagonal structure of flint was erected on the top of which was an iron grate quite open to the air in which a good fire of coals was kept blazing at night. In 1719 ownership of both the North and South Foreland lights passed by will to the Trustees of Greenwich Hospital . About the year 1732 the top of this lighthouse was covered with

240-453: A new multi-wick oil burner was installed together with a large ( first-order ) fixed catadioptric optic manufactured by Sautter & Co. of Paris (replacing the previous catoptric apparatus of 18 Argand lamps & reflectors); it was first lit on 26 March 1860. Three months later a red sector was added to the light, which shone northwards 'to enable vessels at night to keep to the eastward of Margate Sand'. (These works coincided with

280-416: A sort of lantern with large sash windows, and the fire was kept bright by bellows with which the attendants blew throughout the night. This contrivance is said to have been for the purpose of saving coals but it would seem more probable that it was in order to preserve the fire from being extinguished by rain. However the plan did not work well and great injury resulted to navigation as many vessels were lost on

320-689: A standby along with an acetylene lamp for emergencies, all three mounted on an automatic lamp changer ). Also in 1930 a radio beacon was established at North Foreland. During the Second World War a number of radar stations were set up by German forces in France and the Netherlands to detect allied aircraft flying across the English Channel and a chain of top secret radar jamming stations were set up by British scientists along

360-450: A ‘Hood’ 100mm petroleum vapour burner in 1923. Then in 1930 the light was electrified, and at the same time given the light characteristic of five flashes every twenty seconds, which it retains to the present day. The fixed optic of 1860 continued in use, so the lamp itself was made to flash (rather than this being effected by the rotation of a lens). The light source was a tungsten filament lamp (with an identical lamp being provided as

400-726: Is a separate river system which flows into the Cook Inlet on the other side of Susitna Flats . The Susitna along with the Matanuska River , drains the broad Matanuska-Susitna Valley south of the Alaska Range . It rises in the Susitna Glacier on Mount Hayes in the Alaska Range near 63°30′N 147°15′W  /  63.500°N 147.250°W  / 63.500; -147.250 . It flows in winding course generally southwest to Curry , then south, along

440-522: Is about 6 miles (10 km) West of the Susitna River at a point 13 miles (21 km) above the mouth. The channels across the flats at the mouth of Susitna River have depths of 2 feet (610 mm) or less at low water and change during the winter and spring because of ice and freshet action. The channels above the mouth are said to change frequently in the spring and early summer. Launches navigate Susitna River to Yentna River , about 20 miles (32 km) above Cook Inlet , thence run occasionally up

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480-404: Is located about 50 miles from Anchorage. As of a 2018 USGS assessment, it probably contains technically recoverable oil and gas resources using current technology—in rocks of Tertiary age (about 66 to 2.6 million years old) Susitna River is on the North side of Cook Inlet 22 miles (35 km) North-East of North Foreland . Mount Susitna , a prominent landmark along the upper part of the inlet,

520-424: Is one of the small headwater tributaries of Susitna River. The Susitna River is one of Southcentral Alaska 's premier sport fishing streams, with significant runs of Chinook and Coho salmon , along with resident grayling , burbot , and rainbow trout . Located within a roadless area, access to the river is difficult and is made usually by power boat or by floatplane. Matanuska-Susitna Borough owns much of

560-666: The Dover Strait and the lighthouses at Dungeness and Beachy Head ). North Foreland lighthouse was the last Trinity House manned lighthouse in the UK but was automated in a ceremony presided over by the Duke of Edinburgh in 1998. Dermot Cronin and Tony Homewood were the last Principal Lighthouse Keepers that manned North Foreland lighthouse. The actual last manned lighthouse, owned by the Lancaster Port Commission

600-492: The Yentna River to the forks about 65 miles (105 km) from the Susitna River. The tides are not felt more than 7 miles (11 km) from the inlet, and above this the current is swift. Overhead power cables with a least clearance of 37 feet (11 m) cross the Susitna River about 5 miles (8 km) above its mouth. Alexander, Alaska is a small settlement on the west side of Susitna River 10 miles (16 km) above

640-663: The Alaska Peninsula), and Central Yupik ( Dudna , 'down-river people', west and southwest). The name "Dena’ina" comes from two parts: dena meaning "person" and ina , the human plural marker in Dena’ina language means "the people", and is related to the autonym for the Southern Athabaskan Navajo people "Diné." The Denaʼina name for Cook Inlet is Tikahtnu meaning "Big Water River", "Ocean River" or Nuti meaning "Saltwater." The Denaʼina are

680-681: The Denaʼina by naming the city's new convention center the Denaʼina Civic and Convention Center . North Foreland North Foreland is a chalk headland on the Kent coast of southeast England, specifically in Broadstairs . With the rest of Broadstairs and part of Ramsgate it is the eastern side of Kent's largest peninsula, the Isle of Thanet . It presents a bold cliff to the sea, 15 miles north of South Foreland , and commands views over

720-1128: The Upper and Outer Cook Inlet areas for the last 1,000 years, migrating from the Mulchatna and Stony River areas, where they had lived for thousands of years prior. Their traditional language, Denaʼina (Dena’ina Qenaga) , currently has about 70-75 fluent speakers out of a total population of about 1,400. Denaʼina is one of eleven Alaska Athabascan languages. There are four primary dialects of Denaʼina (grouped with regional bands, local groups and today's tribal names): Cook Inlet Tribal Council (CIRI) ("Upper Inlet" and "Outer Inlet / Kenai Denaʼina"-speaking bands) Alexander Creek, Incorporated ("Upper Inlet Denaʼina"-speaking bands) Calista Corporation ("Inland / Lake Clark Denaʼina"-speaking bands) Bristol Bay Native Association ("Inland / Lake Clark Denaʼina" and "Iliamna Denaʼina"-speaking bands) Pedro Bay Corporation ("Iliamna Denaʼina"-speaking bands) Kuskokwim Corporation ("Inland / Lake Clark Denaʼina"-speaking bands) The city of Anchorage chose to honor

760-645: The cottages around the lighthouse can be rented as holiday accommodation. In electoral wards as most often drawn, postally as to post town and in the Church of England it remains part of Broadstairs. Two naval battles of the Anglo-Dutch Wars are called the Battle of the North Foreland after the cape: A coastal radio station was established adjacent to the light house in 1901. Its call sign

800-414: The extensive views.) At the same time oil lamps were installed in the tower, together with a new optical system designed by Thomas Rogers (who had previously installed a similar system in the lower lighthouse at Portland ): it consisted of two rows of nine lamps and reflectors arranged in a convex curve, placed behind a row of solid glass convex lenses which were incorporated within the glazing around

840-483: The governors of Greenwich Hospital sent Sir John Thomson to examine and make arrangements on the subject. He ordered the lantern to be taken away and things to be restored to nearly their former state, with the light to continue burning all the night until daylight. Towards the end of the 18th century the North Foreland Lighthouse underwent some considerable alterations and repairs. In 1792, under

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880-439: The ice breaks-up for the summer. Dena%27ina people The Denaʼina ( / d ɪ ˈ n aɪ n ə / dih- NY -nə ; Inland Denaʼina : [dənʌʔɪnʌ] ; Upper Inlet Denaʼina: [dənʌ͡ɪnʌ] ; Russian : денаʼина ), or formerly Tanaina ( Russian : танаина, кенайцы ), are an Alaska Native Athabaskan people. They are the original inhabitants of the south central Alaska region ranging from Seldovia in

920-553: The land along the Susitna and Deshka Rivers . The impacts of summer recreational use and tourists have caused loss of riparian vegetation and bank erosion along the Deshka River 's lower reaches, which has been partially remedied through a restoration project in the summer of 2002. However, the borough currently lacks either regulations to prevent further damage or the means to enforce such regulations. The Susitna Basin,

960-400: The lantern room. In 1832 Trinity House purchased the North and South Foreland lighthouses from Greenwich Hospital and two years later the lenses were removed. 1858 saw the construction of a new lantern atop the lighthouse: '14 feet wide and 22 feet from the floor to the apex of the roof. It is sixteen-sided with diagonal astragals '. In it, under the supervision of engineer Henry Norris ,

1000-412: The lighthouses erected on the North and South Forelands. It seems that the lighthouse erected by Sir John consisted merely of a house built with timber lath and plaster on the top of which a light was kept in a large glass lantern for the purpose of directing ships in their course. This house was burnt down by accident in the year 1683 after which for some years use was made of a sort of beacon on which

1040-600: The mouth. Susitna, Alaska is on the East side 18 miles (29 km) above the mouth and just below the mouth of the Yentna River ; launches run to and from Anchorage, Alaska . Mail is delivered to both settlements twice monthly by airplane from Anchorage, Alaska . Susitna Flats lie between big Susitna River and Little Susitna River and to the East of the latter. Susitna Flats Light ( 61°15′10″N 150°29′17″W  /  61.25278°N 150.48806°W  / 61.25278; -150.48806 ), 19 feet (5.8 m) above

1080-488: The name has evolved due to euphemistic reasons. The 1890 census reported that Susitna Village on the east bank of the river had 146 Kenai Natives and 27 houses. The Susitna River heads at Susitna Glacier , in Alaska Range , flows southwest to Cook Inlet , 24 miles (39 km) west of Anchorage, Alaska Cook Inlet Low. There are several rivers flowing into the Susitna River including East Fork Susitna River and West Fork Susitna River . The Little Susitna River

1120-404: The only Northern Athabascan group to live near saltwater which allowed them to have the most sedentary lifestyle of all Northern Athabascans. The Denaʼina were organized in regional bands or Ht’ana ("people of [a place or area]"), which were composed of local bands. The regional bands had several villages or qayeh , each containing multi-family dwellings called Nichił . Each Nichił was led by

1160-488: The sands from not seeing the light, and so little was it visible at sea that mariners asserted that they had often in hazy weather seen the Foreland before they could discover the light. They added that before the lantern was placed there and when the fire was kept in the open air the wind kept the fire in a constant blaze which was seen in the air far above the lighthouse. Complaints of this sort were so loud and frequent that

1200-413: The south east coast of Britain. An array of transmitters was set out around the gallery of the lighthouse controlled by equipment in the lower lantern as part of this chain. By the late 1980s North Foreland Lighthouse was operating as an area control station, with an augmented crew of keepers monitoring (in addition to North Foreland itself) eleven other major aids to navigation (including light vessels in

1240-414: The south to Chickaloon in the northeast, Talkeetna in the north, Lime Village in the northwest and Pedro Bay in the southwest. The Denaʼina homeland ( Denaʼina Ełnena ) is more than 41,000 sq mi (110,000 km ) in area. They arrived in the south-central Alaska sometime between 1,000 and 1,500 years ago. They were the only Alaskan Athabaskan group to live on the coast. The Denaʼina have

Susitna River - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-408: The southern North Sea . LB&SCR H2 class 4-4-2 no. 422 (later no. B422, 2422, and 32422) was named North Foreland after this landmark. There was probably some sort of a beacon at an earlier period but the first distinct intimation concerning a lighthouse on the North Foreland is in the year 1636 when Charles I by letters-patent granted to Sir John Meldrum licence to continue and renew

1320-469: The successful experiments carried out in 1857–60 at the South Foreland lighthouse by Professor Frederick Hale Holmes with an alternating current electric arc light). At the same time the tower itself was modernised: two keepers' cottages were built alongside and the interior of the tower (which had previously contained rooms on several storeys) was completely gutted. An inner circular brick wall

1360-421: The supervision of John Yenn (Surveyor to Greenwich Hospital), two stories of brick were built on the original structure which raised it to the height of 100 feet including the lantern room at the top in which the lights were kept. (To prevent accidents from fire the lantern room was coated with copper as was also the gallery around it; this gallery used to be much frequented by the visitors to Margate on account of

1400-399: The water, is shown from a skeleton tower and is equipped with a racon . Little Susitna River , 9 miles (14 km) West of Point MacKenzie , is said to be navigable for landing craft and skiffs at high water for about 8 miles (13 km). The depths offshore and in the approach to Little Susitna River are subject to drastic and continual change. The Susitna River Bridge is

1440-490: The west side of the Talkeetna Mountains , past Talkeetna , Chulitna River , and Susitna , and drains into Cook Inlet approximately 25 miles (40 km) west of Anchorage . It receives the Yentna River from the northwest approximately 5 miles (8 km) north of Susitna . It is navigable to 85 mile (137 km) upstream from its mouth to Talkeetna . Valdez Creek , notable for its 1903 gold mining ,

1480-596: Was Walney Light , automated in 2003. The lighthouse remains operational and is monitored and controlled by Trinity House from its Planning Centre at Harwich . The 1860 optic is still in use with a modern light source displaying a group-flashing characteristic. A painting of the lighthouse by Elwin Hawthorne is in the Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum in Bournemouth . Currently,

1520-400: Was changed from fixed to occulting (being eclipsed for five seconds every half minute). The light was further improved in 1894 when a Trinity House-pattern eight-wick heavy mineral oil burner was installed in place of the old oil lamp. The lamp continued to be upgraded through the first part of the twentieth century: a triple mantle burner was installed in 1904, and its place was taken by

1560-495: Was chosen, just downstream of a curve, after observing the pattern of ice jams through the preceding three years. It is bridged by the George Parks Highway south of Talkeetna . South of that point, there are no other bridges, which contributes to the isolation of southwest Alaska . Between approximately October 19 and November 14 the Susitna River ices or freezes over for the winter. Between April 12 and May 10

1600-405: Was then constructed, which supported a new cantilevered stone staircase leading from ground level to the service room, immediately below the lantern. Most of the exterior windows were blocked at this time, and the exterior of the tower was rendered and painted white. This work was completed in 1866, leaving the lighthouse looking much the same as it does today. In 1880 the light characteristic

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