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63-634: Lord Derby died in June 1908 and his son Edward took over the family's racing and breeding operations. Trained by George Lambton at the Stanley House Stables in Newmarket, Suffolk , Swynford was a difficult horse to handle and in his only start at age two ran unplaced. An injury kept him off the track until 1910 when he made his three-year-old debut in The Derby . He finished well back in

126-467: A new Royal standard bearing his cypher and crown to the King's Company. King Edward VII assumed the colonelcy-in-chief of the regiment on his accession, and subsequent monarchs have also been colonel-in-chief. The following is a list of individuals who have served in the role of colonel of the regiment: For many years each Foot Guards regiment was commanded by a Colonel (called, for historical reasons,

189-467: A possible German invasion . Between October 1940 and October 1941, the regiment raised the 4th, 5th, and 6th Battalions. Later, in the summer of 1941, there was a need to increase the number of armoured and motorised units in the British Army and as a result many infantry battalions were converted into armoured regiments; the 2nd and 4th Battalions were re-equipped with tanks, while the 1st Battalion

252-671: A service battalion, the 4th Battalion, and a reserve battalion, known as the 5th (Reserve) Battalion, which was used to carry out ceremonial duties in London and Windsor during the war. The 2nd Battalion of the regiment was sent to France in August, and the 1st Battalion followed to Belgium in October. They took part in the early stages of the fighting during the period known as " Race to the Sea ", during which time they were involved significantly at

315-588: A similar regiment known as John Russell's Regiment of Guards was formed. In 1665, these two regiments were combined to form the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, consisting of 24 companies of men. Throughout the 18th century, the regiment took part in a number of campaigns including the War of Spanish Succession , the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War . At the end of the Napoleonic Wars ,

378-680: A single acre in Derbyshire . The Landholding produced a rent-roll of £163,273 p.a. On 9 January 1923, the Earl sold 143 acres of land known as the Keston Lodge Estate in Kent for £6000 to the property developer Frederick Rogers who renamed it Keston Park . Coworth House continued with Lord Derby until his death in 1948. It then became the home of Lady Derby, who died there on 24 July 1957, aged ninety-four. A month later her former home

441-500: A support company and a headquarters company, and one independent company, Nijmegen Company, based at Wellington Barracks , London. The Queen , as Colonel-in-Chief, presented new colours to Nijmegen Company in 2013. Following the Integrated Review , G (Guards) Company, London Regiment based at Kingston upon Thames , re-badged and became Ypres Company, Grenadier Guards. The King's Company (or Queen's Company when

504-529: Is now paraded only in the Sovereign's presence. In 1656, King Charles II issued the first Colour to the company and every Monarch since has presented their Company with their own Royal Standard just once in their reign, with the exception of King George II, whose color was in 1709, was shot to pieces at the Battle of Malplaquet, and subsequently replaced the following year. In April 2023, King Charles III presented

567-585: Is the most senior infantry regiment of the British Army , being at the top of the Infantry Order of Precedence. It can trace its lineage back to 1656 when Lord Wentworth's Regiment was raised in Bruges to protect the exiled Charles II . In 1665, this regiment was combined with John Russell's Regiment of Guards to form the current regiment, known as the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards. Since then,

630-597: The Options for Change reforms, the Grenadier Guards was reduced to a single battalion. The 2nd Battalion was put into 'suspended animation', and its colours passed for safekeeping to a newly formed independent company , which was named "Nijmegen Company" . As a result of this, the regiment was reduced to its current composition: one full battalion, the 1st Battalion, consisting of three rifle companies (The King's Company, No. 2 Company and The Inkerman Company),

693-630: The 1st Infantry Division , commanded by Major General Harold Alexander . As the BEF was pushed back by the German blitzkrieg during the battles of France and Dunkirk , these battalions played a considerable role in maintaining the British Army's reputation during the withdrawal phase of the campaign before being themselves evacuated from Dunkirk . After this, they returned to the United Kingdom, where they undertook defensive duties in anticipation of

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756-781: The Anglo-Egyptian War in 1882, and then the Mahdist War in Sudan , both during the 1885 Suakin Expedition and in 1898, at the Battle of Omdurman . During the Second Boer War , the 2nd and 3rd Battalions were deployed to South Africa, where they took part in a number of battles including the Battle of Modder River and the Battle of Belmont , as well as a number of smaller actions. In 1900, seventy-five men from

819-874: The Battle of the Bulge and Operation Veritable . The 3rd, 5th and 6th Battalions served in the North African Campaign and in the final stages of the Tunisia Campaign , under command of the British First Army , where they fought significant battles in the Medjez-el-Bab and along the Mareth Line . The battalions took part in the Italian Campaign at Salerno , Monte Camino , Anzio , Monte Cassino , and along

882-620: The First Battle of Ypres . In February 1915, a fifth Guards regiment was raised, known as the Welsh Guards . In recognition of the significant contribution Welshmen had made to the Grenadier Guards, the regiment transferred five officers and 634 other ranks to the newly formed unit. A short time later, permission was received for the formation of the Guards Division , the brainchild of Lord Kitchener , and on 18 August 1915,

945-513: The Gothic Line . The 3rd Battalion, still with the 1st Guards Brigade, was attached to the 78th Battleaxe Infantry Division for two months in Tunisia until it was exchanged for the 38th (Irish) Brigade and became part of the 6th Armoured Division , where it would remain for the rest of the war. The 5th Battalion was part of 24th Guards Brigade and served with the 1st Division during

1008-601: The Grenadier Guards as a lieutenant from 6 May 1885. He was seconded as aide-de-camp to the Governor General of Canada , his father, between 8 August 1889 and 1891. He was again seconded from his regiment on 10 July 1892, to take his seat in the House of Commons. He resigned his commission on 3 April 1895. On 11 January 1899, he was commissioned a lieutenant in the reserve of officers, and on 17 May,

1071-532: The Guards Division go through a gruelling thirty-week training programme at the Infantry Training Centre (ITC). The training is two weeks longer than the training for the Regular line infantry regiments of the British Army; the extra training, carried out throughout the course, is devoted to drill and ceremonies. In 2012, Lance Corporal James Ashworth of the Grenadier Guards was awarded

1134-617: The Gulf War , Afghanistan and Iraq . The Grenadier Guards trace their lineage back to 1656, when Lord Wentworth's Regiment was raised from gentlemen of the Honourable Artillery Company by the then heir to the throne, Prince Charles (later King Charles II ), in Bruges , in the Spanish Netherlands (present-day Belgium), where it formed a part of the exiled King's bodyguard. A few years later,

1197-651: The Kentucky Derby . His biggest achievement, though, was his breeding of the horse Phalaris . A champion sprinter and a stallion par excellence, Phalaris was responsible for establishing the most dominant sire line in Europe and later, the United States through his four sons – Sickle , Pharamond , Pharos and Fairway . Lord Derby married Lady Alice Montagu , daughter of William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester , and Louisa von Alten , and step-daughter of

1260-841: The Liberal politician Neil Primrose . After his death in World War I, she married the Conservative politician Malcolm Bullock . Lord Derby died in February 1948 at the family seat of Knowsley Hall , Lancashire, aged 82. His other country seat was Coworth Park at Sunningdale in Berkshire. He was succeeded in the earldom by his grandson, Edward . He is buried at St Mary's Church, Knowsley . The Countess of Derby died in July 1957. Many good stories are told of Lord Derby, including

1323-943: The NATO force stationed in Germany during the Cold War . In 1991, the 1st Battalion, which had been serving in Germany, was deployed to the Middle East, where it took part in the Persian Gulf War mounted in Warrior armoured personnel carriers , before returning for a six-month tour of Northern Ireland. In 2002, the 1st Battalion deployed as part of as Operation Herrick in Afghanistan , and in 2003, it deployed as part of Operation Telic in Iraq . As of 2014, recruits to

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1386-656: The National Association of Discharged Sailors and Soldiers (NADSS) and the National Federation of Discharged and Demobilized Sailors and Soldiers (NFDSS), the latter of whom had put a candidate up against his son Lord Stanley in the 1917 Liverpool Abercromby by-election . The rival groups later merged into the British Legion formed in 1921. In April 1918 he was made Ambassador to France , which he remained until 1920. In April 1921 he

1449-601: The Seven Years' War , and the Napoleonic Wars ; at the end of this period the regiment was granted the "Grenadier" designation by a Royal Proclamation. During the Victorian era , the regiment took part in the Crimean War , the Anglo-Egyptian War , the Mahdist War , and the Second Boer War . During the First World War , the Grenadier Guards was expanded from three battalions to five, of which four served on

1512-748: The Victoria Cross posthumously for bravery in Helmand Province , Afghanistan . In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic , members of the regiment helped assist the NHS for testing of COVID-19 patients, and provided checkpoints throughout London in collaboration with the Royal Anglian Regiment . The 1st Foot Guards has received 78 battle honours , gained for its involvement in a number of conflicts including: In 1994, under

1575-898: The Western Front , while later during the Second World War , six battalions were raised, and several were converted to an armoured role as part of the Guards Armoured Division . These units fought in France , North-West Europe , North Africa and Italy . After the Second World War the regiment was reduced first to three battalions, then to two, and finally to one battalion in the mid-1990s. Major deployments during this time have included operations in Palestine , Malaya , Cyprus , Northern Ireland ,

1638-444: The 3rd Battalion paraded for the last time and was subsequently placed in suspended animation. In order to maintain the battalion's customs and traditions, one of its companies, The Inkerman Company, was incorporated into the 1st Battalion. Since the mid-1960s, the 1st and 2nd Battalions have been deployed to Africa , South America and Northern Ireland where they undertook peacekeeping duties. They also undertook duties as part of

1701-480: The 3rd Battalion, during the Battle of Dunkirk , and Major William Sidney of the 5th Battalion during the Battle of Anzio in March 1944. In June 1945, following the end of hostilities, the 2nd and 4th Battalions gave up their tanks and returned to an infantry role. The regiment returned to three battalions at this time, with the 4th and 5th Battalions being disbanded along with the 6th, which had been removed from

1764-446: The Battle of Anzio. After suffering devastating casualties, the brigade was relieved in March 1944 . The 6th Battalion served with the 22nd Guards Brigade , later redesignated 201st Guards Motor Brigade, until late 1944 when the battalion was disbanded due to an acute shortage of Guards replacements. During the course of the conflict, two men of the regiment were awarded the Victoria Cross . They were Lance Corporal Harry Nicholls of

1827-784: The Derby after being struck in the leg by another runner. Following a third in the St. James's Palace Stakes at Ascot Racecourse , Swynford then won the first of two consecutive editions of Ascot's Hardwicke Stakes . The colt went on to win the Liverpool Summer Cup and the third leg of the British Triple Crown, the St. Leger Stakes , somewhat fortuitously since "half the racegoers in England declared... [the race] had been thrown away by Danny Meher on Lemberg" Sent back to

1890-649: The Government was reluctant to adopt). It was not sufficiently successful in spite of the fact that the execution of Nurse Edith Cavell by the Germans on 12 October 1915 was used in recruitment rallies and conscription followed in 1916. In July 1916 Derby returned to the government when he was appointed Under-Secretary of State for War by H. H. Asquith , and in December 1916 he was promoted to Secretary of State for War by David Lloyd George . In this position he

1953-484: The Lieutenant Colonel). In the 1980s, the army having reduced in size, the role was judged no longer to justify the appointment of a full colonel, so in 1986 a Lieutenant Colonel was appointed; but in 1989 the appointment of full-time officers to command each regiment ceased. Instead, a senior serving or recently retired officer (of at least the rank of colonel) is appointed as Regimental Lieutenant Colonel ;

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2016-579: The Regimental Lieutenant Colonel oversees the 'regimental affairs' of the regiment. The Regimental Lieutenant Colonels have included: The Grenadier Guards Regimental Slow March is the march "Scipio", from the opera Scipione by George Frideric Handel , inspired by the exploits of the Roman General Scipio Africanus . The first performance of Scipione was in 1726. Handel actually composed

2079-466: The War Office between 1901 and 1903. In October 1903 he entered the cabinet as Postmaster General , a post he held until the government fell in December 1905. He lost his seat in the 1906 general election . In 1908 he succeeded his father in the earldom and took his seat in the House of Lords . In August 1914 Lord Derby organised one of the most successful recruitment campaigns to Kitchener's Army in Liverpool. Over two days, 1500 Liverpudlians joined

2142-444: The appointment), of the 4th and 5th TF Battalions of the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment on 18 June 1909 and 17 May 1899 respectively, and of the Lancashire and Cheshire Heavy Brigade, Royal Artillery on 26 February 1921. Derby entered Parliament for Westhoughton in 1892, and served under Lord Salisbury as a Lord of the Treasury between 1895 and 1900 and under Salisbury and later Arthur Balfour as Financial Secretary to

2205-406: The company are over the height of six feet. The King serves as the Company Commander of the King's Company, with executive authority for the daily administration of the company being designated to the "Captain-Lieutenant" (or simply "The Captain"), with there being with 100 Captains over time leading the Company on the Sovereigns' behalf.  The company Royal Standard is gifted by the monarch and

2268-414: The crisis over Robertson's removal Derby "made himself ridiculous" by asking everyone, including the King , whether or not he should resign, and then in the end not doing so, only to be removed from the War Office a few weeks later. Derby and John Joseph Woodward (who was also secretary) jointly founded the ex-servicemen's organisation, the Comrades of the Great War in 1917 as a right-wing alternative to

2331-405: The division came into existence, consisting of three brigades, each with four battalions. Following this the four service battalions of the regiment fought in a number of significant battles including Loos , the Somme , Cambrai , Arras and the Hindenburg Line . Seven members of the regiment received the Victoria Cross during the war. Following the Armistice with Germany in November 1918,

2394-434: The early stages of the fighting when all three regular battalions were sent to France in late 1939 as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). The 1st and 2nd Battalions were serving in the 7th Guards Brigade , which also included the 1st Battalion, Coldstream Guards , and were part of the 3rd Infantry Division , led by Major General Bernard Montgomery . The 3rd Battalion was in the 1st Guards Brigade attached to

2457-409: The eponymous slow march for the First Guards, presenting it to the regiment before he added it to the score of the opera. The Quick March is " The British Grenadiers ". Full dress uniform of the Grenadier Guards worn on ceremonial occasions as in the Household Division includes a tall and heavy fur cap, called bearskin with a white plume worn on the left side of the bearskin, properly called

2520-401: The family tradition and was one of the most prominent owner breeders during the first half of the 20th century. Among his stables' important wins were: Amidst great fanfare that included making the cover of Time , in 1930 the 17th Earl visited Louisville, Kentucky , with Joseph E. Widener where he was the honoured guest of Churchill Downs president Col. Matt Winn at the 56th running of

2583-401: The following, which is surely apocryphal not least because he was a man of utter probity. He was spotted by a steward feeding one of his horses shortly before the start of a race. When challenged, His Lordship explained the substance was sugar, and promptly ate a lump himself to show that it was innocuous. "Keep the creature on a tight rein until a furlong out, then let him have his head, He'll do

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2646-437: The leading Liberal politician Lord Hartington , at the Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks , London, on 5 January 1889. Lady Alice was also a lady-in-waiting to her friend, Queen Alexandra . The couple had three children together. Two of them, Edward (Lord Stanley) and Oliver , achieved the rare distinction of sitting in the same Cabinet between May and October 1938 until Edward's death. Their daughter, Lady Victoria, married

2709-462: The monarch is female, or Sovereign's Company in general) of the Grenadier Guards is the premier ceremonial unit of the regiment and one of the oldest bodies of troops in the Army. It traditionally provides the pallbearers for all deceased monarchs, most recently at the State funeral of Elizabeth II in 2022. They played a role in the Coronation of Charles III and Camilla , with a colour party being present in Westminster Abbey . All soldiers within

2772-460: The new battalion. Speaking to the men he said: "This should be a battalion of pals, a battalion in which friends from the same office will fight shoulder to shoulder for the honour of Britain and the credit of Liverpool." Within the next few days, three more pals battalions were raised in Liverpool. In October 1915, as Director-General of Recruiting, he instituted the Derby Scheme , a halfway house between voluntary enlistment and conscription (which

2835-422: The order of battle before the end of the war. Initially, the regiment was employed on occupation duties in Germany; however, the 3rd Battalion was deployed shortly afterwards to Palestine , where it attempted to keep the peace until May 1948, when it was replaced by the 1st Battalion. Further deployments came to Malaya in 1948, Tripoli in 1951 and Cyprus in 1956. In 1960, shortly after returning from Cyprus,

2898-410: The regiment gained the name "Grenadier" in July 1815 following a Royal Proclamation. During the Victorian era, the regiment took part in the Crimean War , participating in the fighting at the Alma river , Inkerman , and Sevastopol . For their involvement in the Crimean War, four members of the 3rd Battalion received the Victoria Cross . Later the regiment fought at Battle of Tel el-Kebir during

2961-421: The regiment has filled both a ceremonial and protective role as well as an operational one. In 1900, the regiment provided a cadre of personnel to form the Irish Guards ; while later, in 1915 it also provided the basis of the Welsh Guards upon their formation. The regiment's early history saw it take part in numerous conflicts including the War of the Spanish Succession , the War of the Austrian Succession ,

3024-407: The regiment returned to just three battalions, which were used in a variety of roles, serving at home in the United Kingdom, as well as in France, Turkey and Egypt. During the Second World War , the regiment was expanded to six service battalions, with the re-raising of the 4th Battalion, and the establishment of the 5th and 6th Battalions. The Grenadier Guards' first involvement in the war came in

3087-406: The regiment were used to raise a fourth Guards regiment, known as the Irish Guards in honour of the role that Irish regiments had played in the fighting in South Africa. At the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, the regiment consisted of three battalions and the regiment's commanding officer was Colonel Henry Streatfeild . With the commencement of hostilities, the regiment raised

3150-630: The rest". His Lordship added, almost as an afterthought: "If you hear anything coming up behind you, don't worry and don't turn round, it will only be me". A county directory of 1903 describes Coworth House as "an ancient building standing in a thickly wooded park". As Derby also owned Knowsley Hall in Lancashire, his principal country seat, and a London townhouse in Stratford Place, St James's, Coworth tended to be occupied only during Ascot race meetings. The Derby landholdings in 1833 consisted of some seventy thousand acres in Lancashire, Cheshire , Surrey and Kent in England and Flintshire in Wales, but not

3213-428: The track at age four, Swynford won the Chippenham Plate, Princess of Wales's Stakes , Eclipse Stakes and his second straight Hardwicke Stakes. In September 1911, he suffered a serious fetlock injury during training that almost ended his life. Saved by the work of a veterinarian , Swynford was retired to stud duty for Lord Derby where he would prove to be a very successful sire and a sire of leading sires. Swynford

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3276-421: Was a British soldier, Conservative politician, diplomat and racehorse owner. He was twice Secretary of State for War and also served as British Ambassador to France . Stanley was born at 23 St James's Square , London, the eldest son of Frederick Stanley (later the 16th Earl of Derby), by his wife Lady Constance Villiers. Frederick Stanley was the second son of Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby , who

3339-441: Was a strong supporter of the Chief of the Imperial General Staff Sir William Robertson and of the Commander-in-Chief of the BEF, Field Marshal Haig . Haig privately had little respect for him, writing to his wife (10 January 1918) that Derby was "like the feather pillow, bear[ing] the mark of the last person who sat on him" and remarking that he was known in London as the "genial Judas". Robertson's biographer writes that during

3402-452: Was advertised for sale in The Times ; and at this or a subsequent date was converted to use as a Roman Catholic convent school. The next owner is thought to have been Vivian 'White' Lloyd who died in 1972. Lord Derby was portrayed by Frank Middlemass in an episode of the 1981 TV miniseries Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years . Randolph Churchill, "King of Lancashire" Grenadier Guards The Grenadier Guards (GREN GDS)

3465-417: Was appointed Roberts' private secretary on 25 July 1900. and was again mentioned in despatches of 2 April 1901 for his "thorough knowledge of men and affairs". He was appointed honorary colonel of the 6th (Militia) Battalion, Manchester Regiment on 24 December 1902, of the 5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool) in the Territorial Force (TF) on 15 June 1908 (the fourth successive Earl of Derby to hold

3528-407: Was awarded the Freedom of the City of Manchester in 1934. Derby was Lord Mayor of Liverpool between 1911 and 1912. He served as honorary president of the Rugby Football League , and donated a cup for the French authorities to use for a knock-out competition, much as his father had done for ice hockey with the Stanley Cup . This is now known as the Lord Derby Cup . Between 1937 and 1947 he

3591-461: Was made honorary colonel of the 2nd Volunteer Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment . Lord Stanley served on the staff in the Second Boer War , and was appointed Chief Press Censor at Cape Town , graded as assistant adjutant-general , on 18 January 1900. He accompanied Lord Roberts ' headquarters as Press Censor when he left Cape Town, and was mentioned in despatches of 31 March 1900 by Roberts for his "tact and discretion" in that role. He

3654-431: Was motorised. The 1st and 2nd (Armoured) Battalions were part of the 5th Guards Armoured Brigade , attached to the Guards Armoured Division , and the 4th Battalion was part of the 6th Guards Tank Brigade Group . They subsequently served in the North West Europe Campaign of 1944–45, taking part in several actions, including the Battle for Caen , particularly in Operation Goodwood , as well as Operation Market Garden ,

3717-434: Was sent secretly to Ireland for talks with Éamon de Valera , and it is likely that these talks paved the way for the truce which in turn led to the Anglo-Irish Treaty . He again served as Secretary of State for War under Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin from 1922 to 1924. Derby was made a CB in 1900, sworn of the Privy Council in 1903, KCVO in 1905 and a GCVO in 1908, Knight of the Garter in 1915, GCB in 1920. He

3780-748: Was the Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland in 1923 and the Leading broodmare sire in Great Britain and Ireland in 1932, Sywnford's progeny included six British Classic race winners and in 1923 he was the Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland . Among the notable horses Swynford sired were: Swynford was 21 years old when he died while at Woodlands Stud in Newmarket on 18 May 1928. Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby , KG , GCB , GCVO , TD , PC , JP (4 April 1865 – 4 February 1948), styled Mr Edward Stanley until 1886, then The Hon Edward Stanley and then Lord Stanley from 1893 to 1908,

3843-400: Was the match between St Helens and Wigan being named 'the derby' as the clubs reside in opposite ends of Lord Derby's estate, this is a term used globally between rival clubs from a similar location however there is only one domestic league match named 'the Derby'. The Epsom Derby was named after the 12th Earl while The Oaks was named after the 12th Earl's house near Epsom . Derby followed

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3906-449: Was the president of the National Playing Fields Association (now renamed Fields in Trust ). He was also, from 1929 to 1945, the chairman of the Pilgrims Society , becoming their president, until his death in 1948. Derby served as East Lancashire Provincial Grand Master of Freemasonry from 1899 until his death. He also held the post of Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire between 1928 and 1948. Another contribution made to English rugby league

3969-515: Was three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . Villiers was the daughter of the Liberal statesman George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon . Edward Stanley was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire , where he boarded as a pupil of Stanley House, named in honour of his paternal grandfather the 14th Earl . Stanley initially received a lieutenant 's commission in a militia unit, the 3rd Battalion, King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) (commanded by his father), on 4 May 1882, and then joined

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