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38-611: The section between Zürich and Baden was opened on 7 August 1847 by the Swiss Northeastern Railway. It was the first line built in Switzerland, except for the line built from Mulhouse to Basel by the French company Chemin de fer de Strasbourg à Bâle , opened to a temporary station outside Basel's walls on 15 June 1844 and to the permanent station on 11 December 1845. The construction of railways in Switzerland

76-685: A coalition of Germanic people led by Ariovistus . The first written records of the town date from the twelfth century. It was part of the southern Alsatian county of Sundgau in the Holy Roman Empire . From 1354 to 1515, Mulhouse was part of the Zehnstädtebund , an association of ten Free Imperial Cities in Alsace. The city joined the Swiss Confederation as an associate in 1515 and was therefore not annexed by France in

114-607: A junction with the first just west of Altstetten railway station. In 1907, the Swiss Federal Railway , who had taken over both lines, opened a workshop in Altstetten. In 1900, the Limmattal-Strassenbahn opened an interurban electric tramway through Altstetten, connecting with Zürich's city trams at Letzigraben , which then formed the boundary between Zürich and Altstetten. Beyond Altstetten,

152-583: A railway from Zurich to Basel for Aargau's commerce and industry. In 1837, the Zürich Chamber of Commerce commissioned the engineer Alois Negrelli to investigate the route of such a line. In October of the same year the Zurich-Basel railway company was founded. The chosen route would lead from Zürich to Würenlos via Dietikon along the south bank of the Limmat, then crossing the river to follow

190-635: Is also a train service to Frankfurt am Main in Germany, and a Eurocity service that connects Brussels , Luxembourg , Strasbourg and Basel calls at Mulhouse. Regional services connect Mulhouse to Colmar , Strasbourg, Basel, Belfort , Kruth and Freiburg im Breisgau . Transport within Mulhouse is provided by Soléa and comprises a network of buses together with the city's tram network , which opened on 13 May 2006. The tramway now consists of three tram lines and one tram-train line. Motorway A36

228-692: Is based in Mulhouse. Mulhouse was the birthplace of: Other residents include: Mulhouse is twinned with: Altstetten (Z%C3%BCrich) Altstetten is a quarter in district 9 of the city of Zürich in Switzerland . It was formerly a municipality in its own right, but was incorporated into Zürich in 1934. Altstetten is first mentioned in 1249, at which time a distinction was made between in Altstettin superiori and in villa Altstetin Inferiori . Excavations have found remains probably from

266-750: Is near the France–Switzerland border and France–Germany border . It is the largest city in Haut-Rhin and second largest in Alsace after Strasbourg . Mulhouse is known for its museums, especially the Cité de l'Automobile (also known as the Musée national de l'automobile , 'National Museum of the Automobile') and the Cité du Train (also known as Musée Français du Chemin de Fer , 'French Museum of

304-411: Is served by S-Bahn lines S5 , S11 , S12 , S14 , S19 and S42 , providing frequent services to Zürich Hauptbahnhof with a ride time only a few minutes. Tram route 4 serves a terminus on the northern side of the station, whilst trolleybus route 31 passes the south side of the station. Bus routes 78, 80, 89 and 95 also serve the south side of the station, whilst routes 304, 307 and 308 terminate at

342-528: Is the main axis connecting the city with the west of the country, to cities such as Dijon , Paris and Lyon . The A35 is the main north–south axis, connecting cities such as Strasbourg and Basel . Mulhouse is one of the nation's hubs for women's volleyball. ASPTT Mulhouse won multiple titles at the National level . The team plays its home games at the Palais des Sports. Additionally, FC Mulhouse Basket

380-601: Is the principal commune of the 39 communes which make up the communauté d'agglomération of Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération (m2A, population 280,000 in 2020). Mulhouse commune is a subprefecture , the administrative centre of the Arrondissement of Mulhouse . It is one of the most populated sub-prefectures in France . In 58 BC a battle took place west of Mulhouse and opposed the Roman army of Julius Caesar by

418-479: The EuroAirport international airport with these two cities. Medieval Mulhouse consists essentially of a lower and an upper town. Mulhouse's climate is temperate oceanic ( Köppen : Cfb), but its location further away from the ocean gives the city colder winters with some snow, and often hot and humid summers, in comparison with the rest of France. The population data in the table and graph below refer to

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456-635: The Levant . The town's history also explains why its centre is relatively small. Two rivers run through Mulhouse, the Doller and the Ill , both tributaries of the Rhine . Mulhouse is approximately 100 kilometres (62 miles) from Strasbourg and Zürich ; it is 350 km (217 mi) from Milan and about 340 km (211 mi) from Frankfurt . It is close to Basel, Switzerland and Freiburg , Germany. It shares

494-521: The Limmattalbahn , a new metre gauge light rail line that will link Altstetten station with communities further west in the valley of the Limmat , along a route similar to that of the long abandoned Limmattal-Strassenbahn. It is planned that the line will be partially opened by 2020 and will connect to the city tram system at Altstetten station, with the possibility of extending city tram service over

532-774: The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 like the rest of the Sundgau. An enclave in Alsace, it was a free and independent Calvinist republic, known as Stadtrepublik Mülhausen , associated with the Swiss Confederation until, after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798, it became a part of France in the Treaty of Mulhouse signed on 28 January 1798, during the Directory period of the French Revolution . Starting in

570-523: The Sonderbund war and the Revolutions of 1848 in neighboring countries. The Nordbahn dropped one of the daily services and indefinitely delayed the construction of further stages. Construction of the branch line from Baden to Lenzburg and Aarau was abandoned. Eventually, the company succeeded in coming to an agreement with the postal administration so that the coach service to Bern no longer ran on

608-742: The Railway'), respectively the largest automobile and railway museums in the world. An industrial town nicknamed "the French Manchester ", Mulhouse is also the main seat of the Upper Alsace University , where the secretariat of the European Physical Society is found. Mulhouse is a commune with a population of 108,312 in 2019. This commune is part of an urban unit also named Mulhouse with 247,065 inhabitants in 2018. Additionally Mulhouse commune

646-682: The Zurich–Baden section, but the coach service between Zurich and Basel continued to run beside the railway. Only after the enactment of the Federal Railways Act of 1852—made possible by the new constitution of 1848 —and the merger of the company with Alfred Escher's Bodensee und Rheinfallbahnen (" Lake Constance and Rhine Falls Railway") to form the Schweizerische Nordostbahn ("Swiss Northeast Railway") in 1853 were construction plans resumed. The line to Brugg

684-638: The Zürich gentry sent their servants by train to Baden to buy these buns in order to impress their clients at Sunday morning teas. Previously their servants had to set out from Baden at midnight on foot with the buns. The buns were apparently derived from buns made in Milan during the 17th century when it was under Spanish control. Under the laws of the canton they could only be made in Baden. The railway had little commercial success. Its passenger numbers were reduced by

722-738: The canton of Aargau further delayed the start of construction. In addition the route of the line was controversial. Some called for a line through the Bözberg Pass , which was the route of the Bözberg line opened in 1875. Although the Aargau parliament passed a law permitting compulsory purchase in November 1840, several shareholders lost their financial guarantees, and the company had to be dissolved in December 1841. In May 1843 representatives of

760-625: The cantons of Aargau, Zurich and Basle met in the Baden City Hall, but they failed to come to any agreement. In May 1845 a new committee was formed under the leadership of the Zurich industrialist Martin Escher. The planned line would now keep to the south bank of the Limmat, which it would only cross at Turgi . Finally, it was planned to cross the Rhine between Koblenz and Waldshut (then in

798-465: The city again on 19 August, before retreating again on 28 August having suffered heavy casualties. Alsatians who celebrated the appearance of the French army were left to face German reprisals, with several citizens sentenced to death. After World War I ended in 1918, French troops entered Alsace, and Germany ceded the region to France under the Treaty of Versailles . After the Battle of France in 1940, it

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836-566: The commune of Mulhouse proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Mulhouse absorbed the former commune of Dornach in 1914 and Bourtzwiller in 1947. As early as the mid-19th century, Mulhouse was known as "the industrial capital of Alsace", the "city with a hundred chimneys" ( cité aux cent cheminées ) and "the French Manchester". Between 1909 and 1914 there was an aircraft manufacturer, Aviatik , in Mulhouse. The École nationale supérieure de chimie de Mulhouse ,

874-633: The company became Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques . After the Prussian victory in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), Mulhouse was annexed to the German Empire as part of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine (1871–1918). The city was briefly occupied by French troops on 8 August 1914 at the start of World War I , but they were forced to withdraw two days later in the Battle of Mulhouse . French forces then reoccupied

912-504: The first school of Chemistry in France, is located in the city. Mulhouse is served by EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg , located 25 km (16 mi) south of the town. Gare de Mulhouse is well connected with the rest of France by train, including major destinations such as Paris, Dijon , Besançon , Belfort , Strasbourg , Lyon , Marseille , Montpellier and Lille . Some trains operate to destinations in Switzerland , in particular proximity Basel , Bern and Zürich . There

950-501: The late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC), together with those of a Roman villa . In 1847, the Swiss Northern Railway opened Switzerland's first domestic railway line between Zürich and Baden . The line passed through Altstetten, and a station was provided. Over time, the line became the principal rail route between Zürich and northern and western Switzerland. In 1864, a second line, to Zug via Affoltern am Albis , made

988-521: The middle of the eighteenth century, the Koechlin family pioneered cotton cloth manufacturing; Mulhouse became one of France's leading textile centers in the nineteenth century. André Koechlin (1789–1875) built machinery and started making railroad equipment in 1842. The firm in 1839 already employed 1,800 people. It was one of the six large French locomotive constructors until the merger with Elsässische Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Grafenstaden in 1872, when

1026-505: The most part was easy, although there were small landslides between Neuenhof and Baden. The greatest challenge was the construction of the Schlossberg tunnel, where prisoners were initially used for this work; later unskilled workers were also used there. There were three fatalities in a blasting accident and an additional six workers died of typhoid . The tunnel was broken through on 14 April 1847. The line opened on 7 August 1847 and

1064-453: The north bank of the Limmat via Wettingen , Ennetbaden and Obersiggenthal . In Untersiggenthal the line would turn to the north and have crossed the Aare at Döttingen . It would have then followed the south bank of the Rhine to Basel. In April 1838 surveying of the route began, but angry residents obstructed their work. The Züriputsch of 1839 and a civil war-like constitutional dispute in

1102-474: The north side. Some 1.25 km (0.78 mi) south of the station, tram route 2 operates through the main Badenerstrasse street, connecting with bus routes 35, 78 and 80 at Lindenplatz stop. About 700 m (0.43 mi) to the west of Lindenplatz , tram route 2 terminates at Farbhof , where it connects with trolleybus 31 and buses 35, 78 and 303. Future plans involve the construction of

1140-511: The state of Baden ) to connect with the planned Baden Mainline between Basel and Konstanz . With an assurance that Alois Negrelli would direct the engineering and that a branch line would be later built from Baden to Lenzburg and Aarau, the Aargau parliament approved the project in July 1845. The first stage of construction would be the section from Zurich to Baden. The 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge

1178-412: The train station infrastructure the train left Zurich for Baden at 13:00 with 140 invited guests; scheduled operations started two days later. Every day there were four trips in each direction. The 20 km journey took 45 minutes with the trains stopping at Altstetten , Schlieren and Dietikon. Soon after the opening, the line began to be called the "Spanisch-Brötli bahn" ("Spanish bun railway") because

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1216-491: The tramway continued to Schlieren , Dietikon and Weiningen . In 1931, the line was taken over by the Städtische Strassenbahn Zürich , operators of Zürich's city trams, by which time the line had been cut back to Schlieren. In the late 1950s the line was further cut back to Farbhof in the western of Altstetten, and it now forms part of city tram route 2 . The former municipality of Altstetten

1254-477: Was chosen, Negrelli relocated the station in Baden to the north side of the town, requiring the construction of the 80-meter-long Schlossberg tunnel. Gustav Albert Wegmann designed the Zürich railway station, while Ferdinand Stadler designed the Baden station. At the end of 1845 the Nordbahn company was founded with a share capital of 20 million francs, in the spring of 1846 construction work started. The route for

1292-410: Was delayed compared to most of its neighbours, partly as a result of its mountainous geography. In addition the cantons were in a position to influence the routes chosen, particularly because of the need for compulsory purchase to build railways. In 1836 Friedrich Hünerwadel of Lenzburg pointed out to the government of the canton of Aargau —through which the line had to pass—the importance of the route of

1330-525: Was incorporated into the city of Zürich in 1934. The neighbouring municipality of Albisrieden was incorporated at the same time, and together they form district 9 of the city. In 1967 Ernst Sieber became the parish priest of Zürich-Altstetten where he worked until his retirement as pastor in 1992. Altstetten railway station is a nodal point where the Zürich S-Bahn , Zürich trams , Zürich trolleybuses and Zürich buses all connect. The station

1368-510: Was occupied by German forces until its return to French control at the end of World War II in May 1945. The town's development was stimulated first by the expansion of the textile industry and tanning , and subsequently by chemical and Engineering industries from the mid 18th century. Mulhouse was for a long time called the French Manchester . Consequently, the town has enduring links with Louisiana , from which it imported cotton, and also with

1406-641: Was opened in 1858, where it met the line from Olten built by the Schweizerische Centralbahn . Mulhouse Mulhouse ( pronounced [myluz] ; Alsatian : Mìlhüsa [mɪlˈhyːsa] ; German: Mülhausen [myːlˈhaʊzn̩] , meaning " mill house") is a French city of the European Collectivity of Alsace ( Haut-Rhin department, in the Grand Est region of France). It

1444-413: Was the first line located entirely on Swiss territory. Shortly after 11:30 am, the arrival of the first official train in Zurich was announced with gun salute. The train brought the invited guests and members of the Aargau authorities from Baden to Zurich. The locomotive No. 1 «Limmat» required only 23 minutes, which would correspond to an average speed of 42 km / h. After celebrations and sightseeing of

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