2-536: Syndermata is a clade of animals that, in some systems, is considered synonymous with Rotifera . Older systems separate Rotifera and Acanthocephala as different phyla, and group them both under Syndermata. This clade is placed in the Platyzoa . Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S ribosomal gene has revealed that the Acanthocephala , formerly considered a separate phylum are most closely related to
4-471: The rotifers . They are possibly closer to the two rotifer classes Bdelloidea and Monogononta than to the other class, Seisonidea , producing the names and relationships shown in the cladogram below. Seisonida Bdelloidea Monogononta Acanthocephala A study of the gene order in the mitochondria suggests that Seisonidea and Acanthocephala are sister clades and that the Bdelloidea are
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