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49-505: For many years, SyQuest was the most popular means of transferring large desktop publisher documents such as advertisements to professional printers . SyQuest marketed its products as able to give personal computer users "endless" hard drive space for data-intensive applications like desktop publishing, Internet information management, pre-press, multimedia, audio, video, digital photography , fast backup, data exchange and archiving, along with confidential data security and easy portability for

98-422: A graphic designer . Typography concerns the design of letter and symbol forms and their physical arrangement in the document (see typesetting ). Information design concerns the effective communication of information , especially in industrial documents and public signs . Simple textual documents may not require visual design and may be drafted only by an author , clerk , or transcriber . Forms may require

147-506: A DTP program. However, many web designers still prefer to write HTML without the assistance of a WYSIWYG editor, for greater control and ability to fine-tune the appearance and functionality. Another reason that some Web designers write in HTML is that WYSIWYG editors often result in excessive lines of code, leading to code bloat that can make the pages hard to troubleshoot . Desktop publishing produces primarily static print or digital media ,

196-436: A Typewriter , and it had to actually explain how a Mac could do so much more than a typewriter. The ability to create WYSIWYG page layouts on screen and then print pages containing text and graphical elements at 300 dpi resolution was a major development for the personal computer industry. The ability to do all this with industry standards like PostScript also radically changed the traditional publishing industry, which at

245-426: A bad reputation as a result of untrained users who created poorly organized, unprofessional-looking " ransom note effect " layouts. (Similar criticism was leveled again against early World Wide Web publishers a decade later.) However, some desktop publishers who mastered the programs were able to achieve near professional results. Desktop publishing skills were considered of primary importance in career advancement in

294-402: A document is copied , the source is denominated the " original ". Documents are used in numerous fields, e.g.: Such standard documents can be drafted based on a template . The page layout of a document is how information is graphically arranged in the space of the document, e.g., on a page. If the appearance of the document is of concern, the page layout is generally the responsibility of

343-480: A local printer, then print the same file at DTP service bureaus using optical resolution 600+ ppi PostScript printers such as those from Linotronic . Later, the Macintosh II was released, which was considerably more suitable for desktop publishing due to its greater expandability, support for large color multi-monitor displays, and its SCSI storage interface (which allowed hard drives to be attached to

392-514: A mail message or a technical report , exists physically in digital technology as a string of bits, as does everything else in a digital environment. As an object of study, it has been made into a document. It has become physical evidence by those who study it. "Document" is defined in library and information science and documentation science as a fundamental, abstract idea: the word denotes everything that may be represented or memorialized to serve as evidence . The classic example provided by Briet

441-523: A net loss of $ 33.8 million, or $ 2.98 per share, on net revenues of $ 78.7 million for the same period the year before. They company laid off half of its staff in August 1998 before filing for bankruptcy by the end of the year. Portions of the company were purchased by Iomega Corp. in January 1999, with SyQuest retaining the right to sell its remaining inventory on condition of renaming themselves SYQT. While

490-426: A parameter designating the way text flows around the object (also known as "wraparound" or "runaround"). As desktop publishing software still provides extensive features necessary for print publishing, modern word processors now have publishing capabilities beyond those of many older DTP applications, blurring the line between word processing and desktop publishing. In the early 1980s, the graphical user interface

539-446: A printable area if bleed printing is not possible as is the case with most desktop printers . A web page is an example of a digital page that is not constrained by virtual paper parameters. Most digital pages may be dynamically re-sized, causing either the content to scale in size with the page or the content to re-flow . Master pages are templates used to automatically copy or link elements and graphic design styles to some or all

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588-593: A sharp tool, e.g., the Tablets of Stone described in the Bible ; stamped or incised in clay and then baked to make clay tablets , e.g., in the Sumerian and other Mesopotamian civilizations. The papyrus or parchment was often rolled into a scroll or cut into sheets and bound into a codex (book). Contemporary electronic means of memorializing and displaying documents include: Digital documents usually require

637-474: A software which separates itself from the TeX world and develops itself in the direction of WYSIWYG markup-based typesetting is GNU TeXmacs . On a different note, there is a slight overlap between desktop publishing and what is known as hypermedia publishing (e.g. web design , kiosk, CD-ROM ). Many graphical HTML editors such as Microsoft FrontPage and Adobe Dreamweaver use a layout engine similar to that of

686-414: A specific file format to be presentable in a specific medium. Documents in all forms frequently serve as material evidence in criminal and civil proceedings. The forensic analysis of such a document is within the scope of questioned document examination . To catalog and manage the large number of documents that may be produced during litigation , Bates numbering is often applied to all documents in

735-534: A visual design for their initial fields, but not to complete the forms. Traditionally, the medium of a document was paper and the information was applied to it in ink , either by handwriting (to make a manuscript ) or by a mechanical process (e.g., a printing press or laser printer ). Today, some short documents also may consist of sheets of paper stapled together. Historically, documents were inscribed with ink on papyrus (starting in ancient Egypt ) or parchment ; scratched as runes or carved on stone using

784-400: Is an antelope : "An antelope running wild on the plains of Africa should not be considered a document[;] she rules. But if it were to be captured, taken to a zoo and made an object of study, it has been made into a document. It has become physical evidence being used by those who study it. Indeed, scholarly articles written about the antelope are secondary documents, since the antelope itself is

833-423: Is important. In the 2010s, interactive front-end components of TeX, such as TeXworks and LyX , have produced "what you see is what you mean" ( WYSIWYM ) hybrids of DTP and batch processing. These hybrids are focused more on the semantics than the traditional DTP. Furthermore, with the advent of TeX editors the line between desktop publishing and markup-based typesetting is becoming increasingly narrow as well;

882-590: Is that DTP software is generally interactive and "What you see [onscreen] is what you get" ( WYSIWYG ) in design, while other digital typesetting software, such as TeX, LaTeX and other variants, tend to operate in " batch mode ", requiring the user to enter the processing program's markup language (e.g. HTML ) without immediate visualization of the finished product. This kind of workflow is less user-friendly than WYSIWYG, but more suitable for conference proceedings and scholarly articles as well as corporate newsletters or other applications where consistent, automated layout

931-490: The fonts available on the user's web browser or display device. A wide variety of DTP applications and websites are available and are listed separately. The design industry standard is PDF . The older EPS format is also used and supported by most applications. Document A document is a written , drawn , presented, or memorialized representation of thought, often the manifestation of non-fictional , as well as fictional , content. The word originates from

980-663: The 1980s, but increased accessibility to more user-friendly DTP software has made DTP a secondary skill to art direction , graphic design , multimedia development, marketing communications , and administrative careers . DTP skill levels range from what may be learned in a couple of hours (e.g., learning how to put clip art in a word processor), to what's typically required in a college education. The discipline of DTP skills range from technical skills such as prepress production and programming, to creative skills such as communication design and graphic image development . As of 2014 , Apple computers remain dominant in publishing, even as

1029-458: The 2010s, vendors have sought to provide users with a single application that can meet almost all their publication needs. In earlier modern-day usage, DTP usually did not include digital tools such as TeX or troff , though both can easily be used on a modern desktop system, and are standard with many Unix-like operating systems and are readily available for other systems. The key difference between digital typesetting software and DTP software

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1078-589: The Latin Documentum , which denotes a "teaching" or "lesson": the verb doceō denotes "to teach". In the past, the word was usually used to denote written proof useful as evidence of a truth or fact. In the Computer Age , "document" usually denotes a primarily textual computer file , including its structure and format, e.g. fonts, colors, and images . Contemporarily, "document" is not defined by its transmission medium , e.g., paper, given

1127-469: The SCSI interface. Desktop publishing Desktop publishing ( DTP ) is the creation of documents using dedicated software on a personal ("desktop") computer . It was first used almost exclusively for print publications, but now it also assists in the creation of various forms of online content. Desktop publishing software can generate page layouts and produce text and image content comparable to

1176-659: The company's original syquest.com website continued to provide technical support for its original products until 2003, its rebranded syqt.com website became a digital disk drive and media retailer. By 2009 that website ceased to exist, with its domain (www.syqt.com) put up for sale in the Chinese market. Syquest's product line included such devices as the following: Fixed Media Drives (unformatted capacity): Removable Media Drives (formatted capacity): The 5.25" removable-disk hard drives with 44 MB, 88 MB, and 200 MB capacities were mostly used on Macintosh systems via

1225-437: The composition and editing of purely textual documents. Word did not begin to acquire desktop publishing features until a decade later, and by 2003, it was regarded only as "good" and not "great" at desktop publishing tasks. The term "desktop publishing" is attributed to Aldus founder Paul Brainerd , who sought a marketing catchphrase to describe the small size and relative affordability of this suite of products, in contrast to

1274-758: The creation of manuals and other long-format documents. Desktop publishing moved into the home market in 1986 with Professional Page for the Amiga , Publishing Partner (now PageStream) for the Atari ST , GST's Timeworks Publisher on the PC and Atari ST, and Calamus for the Atari TT030 . Software was published even for 8-bit computers like the Apple II and Commodore 64 : Home Publisher, The Newsroom, and geoPublish . During its early years, desktop publishing acquired

1323-477: The existence of electronic documents . "Documentation" is distinct because it has more denotations than "document". Documents are also distinguished from " realia ", which are three-dimensional objects that would otherwise satisfy the definition of "document" because they memorialize or represent thought; documents are considered more as two-dimensional representations. While documents can have large varieties of customization, all documents can be shared freely and have

1372-401: The expensive commercial phototypesetting equipment of the day. Before the advent of desktop publishing, the only option available to most people for producing typed documents (as opposed to handwritten documents) was a typewriter , which offered only a handful of typefaces (usually fixed-width) and one or two font sizes. Indeed, one popular desktop publishing book was titled The Mac is Not

1421-502: The focus of this article. Similar skills, processes, and terminology are used in web design . Digital typography is the specialization of typography for desktop publishing. Web typography addresses typography and the use of fonts on the World Wide Web . Desktop style sheets apply formatting for print, Web Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) provide format control for web display. Web HTML font families map website font usage to

1470-592: The inability to control letter spacing , kerning , and other typographic features , and the discrepancies between screen display and printed output. However, it was an unheard-of combination at the time, and was received with considerable acclaim. Behind the scenes, technologies developed by Adobe Systems set the foundation for professional desktop publishing applications. The LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus printers included scalable Adobe PostScript fonts built into their ROM memory. The LaserWriter's PostScript capability allowed publication designers to proof files on

1519-648: The industry standard 130 mm disk as its medium. Double capacity versions, the SQ5110 and SQ800 were introduced in 1991. This generation of products became the de facto standard in the Apple Macintosh world to store, transfer and backup large amounts of data such as generated by graphic artists, musicians and engineers. SyQuest went public on the NASDAQ in 1991. In early 1996, the company cut 60% of its workforce; later that year, company namesake Syed Iftikar

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1568-615: The introduction of TeX , and was extended in 1985 with the introduction of LaTeX . The desktop publishing market took off in 1985 with the introduction in January of the Apple LaserWriter laser printer for the year-old Apple Macintosh personal computer. This momentum was kept up with the release that July of PageMaker software from Aldus , which rapidly became the standard software application for desktop publishing. With its advanced layout features, PageMaker immediately relegated word processors like Microsoft Word to

1617-455: The latter has evolved to include most, if not all, capabilities previously available only with dedicated desktop publishing software. The same DTP skills and software used for common paper and book publishing are sometimes used to create graphics for point of sale displays , presentations , infographics , brochures , business cards , promotional items , trade show exhibits , retail package designs and outdoor signs . Desktop publishing

1666-517: The layout, placed, or – with database publishing applications – linked to an external source of text which allows multiple editors to develop a document at the same time. Graphic design styles such as color, transparency and filters may also be applied to layout elements. Typography styles may be applied to text automatically with style sheets . Some layout programs include style sheets for images in addition to text. Graphic styles for images may include border shapes, colors, transparency, filters, and

1715-773: The most popular software has changed from QuarkXPress – an estimated 95% market share in the 1990s – to Adobe InDesign . An Ars Technica writer said in an article: "I've heard about Windows-based publishing environments, but I've never actually seen one in my 20+ years in design and publishing". There are two types of pages in desktop publishing: digital pages and virtual paper pages to be printed on physical paper pages . All computerized documents are technically digital, which are limited in size only by computer memory or computer data storage space. Virtual paper pages will ultimately be printed , and will therefore require paper parameters coinciding with standard physical paper sizes such as A4, letterpaper and legalpaper. Alternatively,

1764-406: The other documentalists increasingly emphasized whatever functioned as a document rather than traditional physical forms of documents. The shift to digital technology would seem to make this distinction even more important. David M. Levy has said that an emphasis on the technology of digital documents has impeded our understanding of digital documents as documents. A conventional document, such as

1813-401: The pages of a multipage document. Linked elements can be modified without having to change each instance of an element on pages that use the same element. Master pages can also be used to apply graphic design styles to automatic page numbering. Cascading Style Sheets can provide the same global formatting functions for web pages that master pages provide for virtual paper pages. Page layout is

1862-429: The primary document." This opinion has been interpreted as an early expression of actor–network theory . A document can be structured, like tabular documents, lists , forms , or scientific charts, semi-structured like a book or a newspaper article , or unstructured like a handwritten note. Documents are sometimes classified as secret , private , or public. They may also be described as drafts or proofs . When

1911-463: The process by which the elements are laid on the page orderly, aesthetically and precisely. The main types of components to be laid out on a page include text , linked images (that can only be modified as an external source), and embedded images (that may be modified with the layout application software). Some embedded images are rendered in the application software, while others can be placed from an external source image file. Text may be keyed into

1960-505: The right to do so, creativity can be represented by documents, also. History, events, examples, opinions, stories etc. all can be expressed in documents. The concept of "document" has been defined by Suzanne Briet as "any concrete or symbolic indication, preserved or recorded, for reconstructing or for proving a phenomenon, whether physical or mental." An often-cited article concludes that "the evolving notion of document " among Jonathan Priest, Paul Otlet , Briet, Walter Schürmeyer , and

2009-516: The road. The introduction of lower-cost options like the Zip drive which offered similar capacity, and later the CD-R which was much less expensive once it reached mass-market, seriously eroded SyQuest's sales and the company went bankrupt in 1998. Sales of their existing inventory continued until 2003. The company was named partially after the founder, Syed Iftikar, because of a company meeting wherein it

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2058-726: The simpler forms of traditional typography and printing . This technology allows individuals, businesses, and other organizations to self-publish a wide variety of content, from menus to magazines to books, without the expense of commercial printing. Desktop publishing often requires the use of a personal computer and WYSIWYG page layout software to create documents for either large-scale publishing or small-scale local printing and distribution – although non-WYSIWYG systems such as TeX and LaTeX are also used, especially in scientific publishing . Originally, desktop publishing methods provided more control over design, layout, and typography than word processing software but

2107-492: The system). Macintosh-based systems continued to dominate the market into 1986, when the GEM -based Ventura Publisher was introduced for MS-DOS computers. PageMaker's pasteboard metaphor closely simulated the process of creating layouts manually, but Ventura Publisher automated the layout process through its use of tags and style sheets and automatically generated indices and other body matter. This made it particularly suitable for

2156-616: The time was accustomed to buying end-to-end turnkey solutions for digital typesetting which came with their own proprietary hardware workstations. Newspapers and other print publications began to transition to DTP-based programs from older layout systems such as Atex and other programs in the early 1980s. Desktop publishing was still in its early stage in the early 1980s. Users of the PageMaker/LaserWriter/Macintosh 512K system endured frequent software crashes, Mac's low-resolution 512x342 1-bit monochrome screen,

2205-462: The virtual paper page may require a custom size for later trimming. Some desktop publishing programs allow custom sizes designated for large format printing used in posters , billboards and trade show displays . A virtual page for printing has a predesignated size of virtual printing material and can be viewed on a monitor in WYSIWYG format. Each page for printing has trim sizes (edge of paper) and

2254-476: Was decided that "SyQuest" ought to be a shortened name for "Sy's Quest". Its earliest product family of 3.9" (100 mm) cartridge disk drives and associated Q-Pak cartridges achieved limited success in government markets where removable media were required for security purposes. In 1986, SyQuest announced the SQ555 and its SQ400 associated cartridge, a 44 MB 5¼-inch removable cartridge hard disk drive, using

2303-503: Was fired "in a management shakeup." After 1997, SyQuest did not fare well in the market. Their core desktop publishing customers began increasingly to use CD-R media and FTP to transfer files, while Iomega 's Zip drives dominated the small office/home office (SOHO) market. Over the period 1995 to 1997, sales declined, resulting in a series of losses. In the first quarter of 1997 those losses had been reduced to $ 6.8 million with net revenues increasing to $ 48.3 million. This compares to

2352-500: Was first developed at Xerox PARC in the 1970s. A contradictory claim states that desktop publishing began in 1983 with a program developed by James Davise at a community newspaper in Philadelphia. The program Type Processor One ran on a PC using a graphics card for a WYSIWYG display and was offered commercially by Best Info in 1984. Desktop typesetting with only limited page makeup facilities arrived in 1978–1979 with

2401-560: Was still in its embryonic stage and DTP software was in a class of its own when compared to the leading word processing applications of the time. Programs such as WordPerfect and WordStar were still mainly text-based and offered little in the way of page layout, other than perhaps margins and line spacing. On the other hand, word processing software was necessary for features like indexing and spell checking – features that are common in many applications today. As computers and operating systems became more powerful, versatile, and user-friendly in

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