34-532: P6 , P-6 , or P.6 may refer to: P6 (microarchitecture) , a sixth-generation Intel x86 microprocessor microarchitecture POWER6 , a sixth-generational IBM microprocessor microarchitecture p6 protein , a protein of HIV HAT-P-6 , a star in the constellation Andromeda Integrated Truss Structure#P6, S6 trusses , trusses on the International Space Station Rover P6 series,
68-410: A 1927 American single-engine biplane fighter Piaggio P.6 , a 1927 Italian catapult-launched reconnaissance floatplane PZL P.6 , a 1930 Polish fighter See also [ edit ] P600 (neuroscience) , an event-related potential 6P (disambiguation) PPPPPP (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
102-511: A 20-stage instruction pipeline . This is a significant increase in the number of stages compared to the Pentium III, which had only 10 stages in its pipeline. The Prescott core increased the length of the pipeline to 31 stages. A drawback of longer pipelines is the increase in the number of stages that need to be traced back in the event of a branch misprediction, increasing the penalty of said misprediction. To address this issue, Intel devised
136-527: A charter airline Principle 6 campaign , opposing anti-gay Russian laws at the 2014 Olympics P6 ATAV , an Indonesian light attack vehicle P-6 , a variant of the Cold War era Soviet naval cruise missile SS-N-3A Shaddock PPPPPP (manga) , a short hand for the manga by Maporo 3-Gō. Netpbm File_formats , binary ppm file Joint Primary 6 Examination , a standardized examination from 1949 to 1962 Aircraft [ edit ] Curtiss P-6 Hawk ,
170-482: A loop until the conditions necessary for their proper execution have been fulfilled. The Intel NetBurst architecture allows branch prediction hints to be inserted into the code to tell whether the static prediction should be taken or not taken, while this feature was abandoned in later Intel processors. According to Intel, NetBurst's branch prediction algorithm is 33% better than the one in P6. Despite these enhancements,
204-546: A maximum of 27 W of heat. The fastest-clocked desktop Pentium 4 processors (single-core) had TDPs of 115 W, compared to 88 W for the fastest clocked mobile versions. Although, with the introduction of new steppings, TDPs for some models were eventually lowered. The Nehalem microarchitecture, the successor to the Core microarchitecture, was supposed to be an evolution of NetBurst according to Intel roadmaps dating back to 2000. Nehalem reimplements certain features of NetBurst, including
238-527: A saloon car model produced from 1963 to 1977 in Solihull, West Midlands, England SIG Sauer P225/P6 , a variant of the P225 pistol used by West German police forces Pentacon Six , a single-lens reflex (SLR) medium format camera system Period 6 , a period of the periodic table of elements Primavera P6, a project management software package by Primavera (software) IATA code for Privilege Style ,
272-505: A smaller 130 nm fabrication process, and Hyper-threading (although initially all models but the 3.06 GHz model had this feature disabled) to produce a more modern, higher-performing version of the NetBurst microarchitecture. In February 2004, Intel introduced Prescott , a more radical revision of the microarchitecture. The Prescott core was produced on a 90 nm process, and included several major design changes, including
306-669: Is Intel's final mainstream processor line to use FSB , with all later Intel processors based on Nehalem and later Intel microarchitectures featuring an integrated memory controller and a QPI or DMI bus for communication with the rest of the system. Improvements relative to the Intel Core processors were: While all these chips are technically derivatives of the Pentium Pro, the architecture has gone through several radical changes since its inception. NetBurst The NetBurst microarchitecture , called P68 inside Intel ,
340-565: Is actually two Prescott cores in a single die, and later Presler , which consists of two Cedar Mill cores on two separate dies ( Cedar Mill being the 65 nm die-shrink of Prescott ). Intel had Netburst-based successors in development called Tejas and Jayhawk with between 40 and 50 pipeline stages, but ultimately decided to replace NetBurst with the Core microarchitecture , released in July 2006; these successors were more directly derived from
374-566: Is required in their kernels. Windows 8 and later also refuses to boot on these processors for the same reason, as they specifically require PAE support to run properly. The Yonah CPU was launched in January 2006 under the Core brand. Single and dual-core mobile version were sold under the Core Solo, Core Duo, and Pentium Dual-Core brands, and a server version was released as Xeon LV . These processors provided partial solutions to some of
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#1732765014394408-455: Is the Core microarchitecture which in turn is also derived from P6. P6 was used within Intel's mainstream offerings from the Pentium Pro to Pentium III, and was widely known for low power consumption, excellent integer performance, and relatively high instructions per cycle (IPC). The P6 core was the sixth generation Intel microprocessor in the x86 line. The first implementation of the P6 core
442-692: Is the sixth-generation Intel x86 microarchitecture , implemented by the Pentium Pro microprocessor that was introduced in November 1995. It is frequently referred to as i686 . It was planned to be succeeded by the NetBurst microarchitecture used by the Pentium 4 in 2000, but was revived for the Pentium M line of microprocessors. The successor to the Pentium M variant of the P6 microarchitecture
476-459: The Pentium M 's shortcomings by adding: This resulted in the interim microarchitecture for low-voltage only CPUs, part way between P6 and the following Core microarchitecture. On July 27, 2006, the Core microarchitecture , a derivative of P6, was launched in form of the Core 2 processor. Subsequently, more processors were released with the Core microarchitecture under Core 2, Xeon , Pentium and Celeron brand names. The Core microarchitecture
510-425: The Pentium Pro ( P6 microarchitecture ). August 8, 2008 marked the end of Intel NetBurst-based processors. The reason for NetBurst's abandonment was the severe heat problems caused by high clock speeds. While some Core- and Nehalem-based processors have higher TDPs , most processors are multi-core, so each core gives off a fraction of the maximum TDP, and the highest-clocked Core-based single-core processors give off
544-416: The x86-64 64-bit version of the x86 microarchitecture (as with hyper-threading, all Prescott chips branded Pentium 4 HT have hardware to support this feature, but it was initially only enabled on the high-end Xeon processors, before being officially introduced in processors with the Pentium trademark). Power consumption and heat dissipation also became major issues with Prescott , which quickly became
578-543: The CPU from the cache, they are already present in the correct order of execution. Intel later introduced a similar but simpler concept with Sandy Bridge called micro-operation cache (UOP cache). The replay system is a subsystem within the Intel Pentium 4 processor to catch operations that have been mistakenly sent for execution by the processor's scheduler. Operations caught by the replay system are then re-executed in
612-522: The Core 2. The Northwood and Willamette cores feature an external Front Side Bus (FSB) that runs at 100 MHz which transfers four bits per clock cycle, thus having an effective speed of 400 MHz. Later revisions of the Northwood core, along with the Prescott core ( and derivatives ) have an effective 800 MHz front-side bus (200 MHz quad pumped). [1] The Willamette and Northwood cores contain
646-561: The Mobile Pentium 4 clocked over 1 GHz higher (the fastest-clocked Mobile Pentium 4 compared to the fastest-clocked Pentium M) and equipped with much more memory and bus bandwidth. The first Pentium M family processors ("Banias") internally support PAE but do not show the PAE support flag in their CPUID information; this causes some operating systems (primarily Linux distributions) to refuse to boot on such processors since PAE support
680-457: The NetBurst architecture created obstacles for engineers trying to scale up its performance. With this microarchitecture, Intel planned to attain clock speeds of 10 GHz, but because of rising clock speeds, Intel faced increasing problems with keeping power dissipation within acceptable limits. Intel reached a speed barrier of 3.8 GHz in November 2004 but encountered problems trying to achieve even that. Intel abandoned NetBurst in 2006 after
714-614: The NexGen Nx586 , introduced in 1994, did so earlier. Other features first implemented in the x86 space in the P6 core include: Upon release of the Pentium 4-M and Mobile Pentium 4, it was quickly realized that the new mobile NetBurst processors were not ideal for mobile computing. NetBurst-based processors were simply not as efficient per clock or per watt compared to their P6 predecessors. Mobile Pentium 4 processors ran much hotter than Pentium III-M processors without significant performance advantages. Its inefficiency affected not only
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#1732765014394748-553: The Rapid Execution Engine and has invested a great deal into its branch prediction technology, which Intel claims reduces branch mispredictions by 33% over Pentium III . In reality, the longer pipeline resulted in reduced efficiency through a lower number of instructions per clock (IPC) executed as high enough clock speeds were not able to be reached to offset lost performance due to larger than expected increase in power consumption and heat. With this technology,
782-514: The addition of an even larger cache (from 512 KB in the Northwood to 1 MB, and 2 MB in Prescott 2M), a much deeper instruction pipeline (31 stages as compared to 20 in the Northwood ), a heavily improved branch predictor , the introduction of the SSE3 instructions, and later, the implementation of Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T), Intel's branding for their compatible implementation of
816-513: The cooling system complexity, but also the all-important battery life. Intel went back to the drawing board for a design that would be optimally suited for this market segment. The result was a modernized P6 design called the Pentium M . Design Overview The Pentium M was the most power efficient x86 processor for notebooks for several years, consuming a maximum of 27 watts at maximum load and 4-5 watts while idle. The processing efficiency gains brought about by its modernization allowed it to rival
850-486: The first time in this particular microarchitecture, and some never appeared again afterwards. Hyper-threading is Intel's proprietary simultaneous multithreading (SMT) implementation used to improve parallelization of computations (doing multiple tasks at once) performed on x86 processors. Intel introduced it with NetBurst processors in 2002. Later Intel reintroduced it in the Nehalem microarchitecture after its absence in
884-528: The heat problems became unacceptable and then developed the Core microarchitecture , inspired by the P6 Core of the Pentium Pro to the Tualatin Pentium III -S, and most directly the Pentium M . Intel replaced the original Willamette core with a redesigned version of the NetBurst microarchitecture called Northwood in January 2002. The Northwood design combined an increased cache size,
918-418: The high-speed barrel shifter with a shift/rotate execution unit that operates at the same frequency as the CPU core. The downside is that certain instructions are now much slower (relatively and absolutely) than before, making optimization for multiple target CPUs difficult. An example is shift and rotate operations, which suffer from the lack of a barrel shifter which was present on every x86 CPU beginning with
952-418: The hottest-running, and most power-hungry, of Intel's single-core x86 and x86-64 processors. Power and heat concerns prevented Intel from releasing a Prescott clocked above 3.8 GHz, along with a mobile version of the core clocked above 3.46 GHz. Intel also released a dual-core processor based on the NetBurst microarchitecture branded Pentium D. The first Pentium D core was codenamed Smithfield , which
986-551: The i386, including the main competitor processor, Athlon . Within the L1 cache of the CPU, Intel incorporated its Execution Trace Cache. It stores decoded micro-operations , so that when executing a new instruction, instead of fetching and decoding the instruction again, the CPU directly accesses the decoded micro-ops from the trace cache, thereby saving considerable time. Moreover, the micro-ops are cached in their predicted path of execution, which means that when instructions are fetched by
1020-535: The same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P6&oldid=1232314279 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages P6 (microarchitecture) The P6 microarchitecture
1054-466: The two arithmetic logic units (ALUs) in the core of the CPU are double-pumped, meaning that they actually operate at twice the core clock frequency. For example, in a 3.8 GHz processor, the ALUs will effectively be operating at 7.6 GHz. The reason behind this is to generally make up for the low IPC count; additionally this considerably enhances the integer performance of the CPU. Intel also replaced
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1088-517: Was also based on NetBurst, thus switching the Xeon CPUs to the new architecture as well. Pentium 4-based Celeron CPUs also use the NetBurst architecture. NetBurst was replaced with the Core microarchitecture based on P6, released in July 2006. The NetBurst microarchitecture includes features such as Hyper-threading , Hyper Pipelined Technology , Rapid Execution Engine , Execution Trace Cache , and replay system which all were introduced for
1122-518: Was the Pentium Pro CPU in 1995, the immediate successor to the original Pentium design (P5). P6 processors dynamically translate IA-32 instructions into sequences of buffered RISC-like micro-operations , then analyze and reorder the micro-operations to detect parallelizable operations that may be issued to more than one execution unit at once. The Pentium Pro was the first x86 microprocessor designed by Intel to use this technique, though
1156-575: Was the successor to the P6 microarchitecture in the x86 family of central processing units (CPUs) made by Intel. The first CPU to use this architecture was the Willamette-core Pentium 4 , released on November 20, 2000 and the first of the Pentium 4 CPUs; all subsequent Pentium 4 and Pentium D variants have also been based on NetBurst. In mid-2001, Intel released the Foster core, which
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