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54-739: There are three course providers in Hong Kong: As in England and Wales , the legal profession in Hong Kong consists of two branches: solicitors and barristers . After successfully completing the PCLL: To be eligible for admission to the courses leading to the PCLL, an applicant must have completed their Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) or equivalent legal studies either in Hong Kong or other common law jurisdictions, or, for non-law graduates, have passed

108-455: A Wales criminal justice system . England and Wales are treated as a single unit for some purposes, because the two form the constitutional successor to the former Kingdom of England. The continuance of Scots law was guaranteed under the 1706 Treaty of Union that led to the Acts of Union 1707 , and as a consequence English law—and after 1801 , Irish law —continued to be separate. Following

162-698: A Dual LLB-JD Degree Programme which provides students with an opportunity to study towards an LLB degree awarded by KCL and a JD degree awarded by CUHK in four years. Other dual/double degree programmes offered by CUHK LAW include the BBA-JD Double Degree Programme with the CUHK Business School, and the Dual LLB-JD Degree Programme with the University of Exeter Law School. The chairman of

216-642: A Lloegr ) is one of the three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom . It covers the constituent countries England and Wales and was formed by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . The substantive law of the jurisdiction is English law . The devolved Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh : Senedd Cymru ) – previously named the National Assembly for Wales – was created in 1999 under

270-807: A former Chief Justice of Hong Kong , is organised by CUHK LAW. It arranges activities and social functions to assist law students in their academic and professional development. The primary student governments at CUHK LAW is the Undergraduate Law Society and the Graduate Law Students Association (GLSA). In 2011, the GLSA founded the GLSA Gazette, a law student publication which "aims to encourage students to engage in key legal issues, contribute to legal scholarship, and to build closer ties between law students and

324-732: A law degree from local universities ) must demonstrate competence in the following areas to be eligible for the PCLL: Students may do so: The effect of these requirements is that PCLL entrants who wish to avoid the need to sit additional conversion examinations in these three subjects must either enroll on the Graduate Diploma in English and Hong Kong Law , which is jointly offered by the University of Hong Kong 's School of Professional and Continuing Education (HKU SPACE) as

378-733: A redesigned logo was adopted for the Faculty, along with the gradual phasing out of the Faculty's previous logo used since its establishment. In August 2011, McConville stepped down from the Deanship and has remained an emeritus professor at the Faculty. He was succeeded by Christopher Gane , former Vice-Principal and Chair of Scots Law at the University of Aberdeen School of Law, Scotland, as Dean and Simon FS Li Professor of Law in September 2011. Upon his retirement in September 2019, Lutz-Christian Wolff, Wei Lun Professor of Law and former Dean of

432-436: A solicitor in the short term, to avoid having to retake the PCLL. There are eleven core courses: Interlocutory Advocacy and Interviewing; Trial Advocacy; Mediation and Negotiation; Litigation Writing and Drafting; Commercial Writing and Drafting; Conveyancing Practice; Wills and Probate Practice; Corporate and Commercial Practice; Civil Litigation Practice; Criminal Litigation Practice; and Professional Conduct and Practice. In

486-480: Is currently around 210 students per year, with approximately 100 of those from its own LL.B. and J.D. programmes. Others come from universities in other common law jurisdictions, particularly the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Non-CityU students usually require at least a 2:1 honours. In 2019-20, 53 places were government-funded. England and Wales England and Wales ( Welsh : Cymru

540-438: Is distinct from those of Northern Ireland and Scotland , and from Commonwealth realms . The national parks of England and Wales have a distinctive legislative framework and history. CUHK Faculty of Law The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law (abbreviated as CUHK LAW ) is a law school in Hong Kong. In 2004, The Chinese University of Hong Kong submitted its Academic Development Proposal for

594-529: Is identical in the first semester. In the second semester, while the subjects taken remain identical for both streams, CPC students focus more on the commercial aspect (letter writing, agreement drafting, etc.), while Litigation students focus more on the advocacy, pleadings drafting and opinion writing aspects. As all barristers must have taken the Litigation stream, many students wishing to leave their options open may opt for Litigation even if they plan to be

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648-551: Is supported through the following 8 cluster groups: Comparative Public Law Research Forum, Corporate Law and Governance Cluster, Environmental, Energy and Climate Law Cluster, Obligations Lab Asia, Private International Law Group, Tax Law and Policy Forum, Transnational Economic Law and Dispute Settlement Group, and Transnational Legal History Group. Since its inception, the law school has hosted and participated in numerous international mooting competitions. For instance, in March 2007,

702-550: The 4th Annual Vis (East) moot . In the Vis (Vienna) Moot 2008, CUHK finished 17th out of 214 participating teams and a team mooter received an honourable mention for his advocacy skills. At the 10th Annual Vis (East) moot in 2013, lead oralists Jenny Chan and Felicity Ng took the team to the elimination round and finished at the Semi-Finals, marking the team's first appearance at the Vis (East) elimination rounds and further defeated

756-701: The Government of Wales Act 1998 and provides a degree of self-government in Wales. The powers of the legislature were expanded by the Government of Wales Act 2006 , which allows it to pass its own laws , and the Act also formally separated the Welsh Government from the Senedd. There is no equivalent body for England , which is directly governed by the parliament and government of the United Kingdom . During

810-664: The Graduate Diploma in English and Hong Kong Law (GDEHKL) of Hong Kong or the Common Professional Examinations (CPE/GDL) of England and Wales. Applicant will have to demonstrate competence in the following eleven 'Core' subjects: Contract, Tort, Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Land Law, Equity, Evidence, Business Associations, and Commercial Law; and three 'Top-up' subjects: Hong Kong Constitutional Law, Hong Kong Legal System and Hong Kong Land Law. The degree or qualification must be in common law, and should include passes in eleven core subjects, including

864-576: The LLB and the JD exists simultaneously in Hong Kong, allowing for potential admission to the legal profession through an undergraduate or a postgraduate route. It offers a full-time four-year Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) Programme. The degree offers students a general and professional education at the undergraduate level. Successful applicants who enroll in the LLB programme at The Chinese University of Hong Kong are given

918-623: The Roman occupation of Britain , the area of present-day England and Wales was administered as a single unit, except for the land to the north of Hadrian's Wall – though the Roman-occupied area varied in extent, and for a time extended to the Antonine/Severan Wall . At that time, most of the native inhabitants of Roman Britain spoke Brythonic languages , and were all regarded as Britons , divided into numerous tribes. After

972-652: The red dragon of Wales was dropped and replaced with the unicorn of Scotland with the succession of King James I who demoted Wales' status on the coat of arms and on the first adaptation of the Flag of Great Britain . Prior to 1746, it was not clear whether a reference to "England" in legislation included Wales, and so in 1746, Parliament passed the Wales and Berwick Act 1746 . This specified that in all prior and future laws, references to "England" would by default include Wales (and Berwick-upon-Tweed ). The Wales and Berwick Act

1026-622: The 2005–08 triennium to the University Grants Committee (UGC) , where it set out its desire to establish a new law school as part of a key element of the university's ten-year vision. The proposal was accepted, whereupon the School of Law was established as the third and newest law school in the territory. Mike McConville , Simon FS Li Professor of Law, was appointed as the first Director of the School. The School of Law, with its founding group of LLB , JD and LLM students,

1080-635: The 20th century. Examples are the Welsh Language Acts 1967 and 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 . Measures and Acts of the Senedd apply in Wales, but not in England. Following the Government of Wales Act, effective since May 2007, the Senedd can legislate on matters devolved to it. Following a referendum on 3 March 2011 , the Senedd gained direct law-making powers, without

1134-477: The Bar Course even if they plan to be a solicitor in the short term, to avoid having to retake the PCLL. $ 171,000 for non-local students $ 140,000 for non-local students Payable in two annual instalments of $ 112,500 each The CUHK Faculty of Law commenced its PCLL in September 2008, with student intake of around 150 each year. Admission to the programme is highly competitive. Successful applicants have, on

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1188-683: The CUHK Graduate School (2004-2019) assumed the Deanship. Wolff was a founding member of the Faculty of Law (then: School of Law). He specializes in international and Chinese business law, private international law as well as comparative law. In addition to Wei Lun Professor of Law awarded to Wolff in 2014, the Faculty currently has two other named professorships: Choh-Ming Li Professor of Law awarded to Chin Leng Lim in 2017 and Simon FS Li Professor of Law awarded to Bryan Mercurio in 2019. Wolff completed his Deanship in September 2024. Chao Xi

1242-573: The Faculty established a careers advice programme in conjunction with its Virtual Careers Resource Centre, first of its kind among Hong Kong law schools, to prepare law students for entering the profession or to explore alternative career paths. In 2014, the Faculty established the Career Planning and Professionalism Office and Paul Mitchard QC was appointed the Director of the Office. In 2015,

1296-575: The GLC is within walking distance of the Hong Kong High Court , the Court of Final Appeal Building , barristers' chambers and law firms . The GLC has its own legal resources center, considered a "mini law library", as well as lecture theatres, a multi-purpose moot court, break-out rooms and a computer lab to facilitate teaching and learning. The Sir TL Yang Society, named after Ti Liang Yang ,

1350-721: The Grand Final of the competition's first Chinese version in 2014, CUHK swiftly emerged as Champions in 2016 at the national rounds in Beijing and the final rounds in The Hague. In the national round the team also claimed the prize for Best Prosecution Oralist. In the ICC Moot 2019, CUHK finished 2nd against over 70 teams from around the world and earned four major awards including Best Prosecution Team (based on both written and oral advocacy), Best Prosecution Counsel, Best Oralist of

1404-701: The Great in his Legal Code , c.  893 . However, after the Norman invasion of Wales in the 11th century, English law came to apply in the parts of Wales conquered by the Normans (the Welsh Marches ). In 1283, the English, led by Edward I , with the biggest army brought together in England since the 11th century, conquered the remainder of Wales , then organised as the Principality of Wales . This

1458-934: The Lee Shau Kee Building, which includes its own moot court . Situated immediately next to it is the Lee Quo Wei Law Library , located on the 3rd and 4th floors of the University Library. The graduate-level law classes for the JD , the LLM and the PCLL are held at the CUHK Graduate Law Centre (GLC), on the second floor of the Bank of America Tower in Admiralty . Located in the central business district of Hong Kong ,

1512-482: The School of Law hosted the 4th Annual Willem C. Vis (East) International Commercial Arbitration Moot at the Graduate Law Centre in Admiralty . The international competition brought over 40 law schools from around the world to Hong Kong. The CUHK Vis team, composed of first year JD law students , earned a team honourable mention and an individual honourable mention in their first moot competition at

1566-479: The United Kingdom and Australia. The minimum academic level required has increased with each intake. Previously, all HKU LLB graduates would have been admitted into its PCLL programme; now, just over two-thirds are admitted (i.e. at least a decent 2:1 honours in the LLB). Non-HKU LLB students usually require a 2:1 honours. In 2019-20, 117 places were government-funded and 172 were self-funded. The CityU PCLL intake

1620-1146: The advisory board for CUHK LAW is the Honourable Justice Kemal Bokhary , a founding Permanent Judge of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal who continues to serve as a Non-Permanent Judge on that Court after his retirement in 2012. The inaugural Dean, Mike McConville, is a well-respected socio-legal scholar. Other internationally notable former and present faculty members include Michael Pendleton (intellectual property), Nina Jørgensen (international law), Ling Bing (Chinese contract law), Yu Xingzhong (constitutional law), Chin Leng Lim (international dispute settlement), Bryan Mercurio (international economic law), Robin Hui Huang (corporate and financial law), Anatole Boute (energy law), Gregory Gordon (international criminal law), Xi Chao (Chinese corporate law) and Bryan Druzin (legal theory). The Centre facilitates and encourages cutting-edge and innovative research in law and technology at CUHK LAW. CLINDS

1674-597: The applicant and the respondent (out of almost 600 teams). During the regional round in 2008–2009 and 2009–2010, the CUHK Jessup team won the prizes for Best Team, Best Oralist and Best Memorial and represented Hong Kong at Washington, DC. At the International Rounds in 2010, the CUHK team ranked 19th overall from the 105 competing teams who made it to that stage of the competition. In 2016's regional round,

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1728-521: The centre's new focus thus mirroring CUHK LAW's strength in law and technology. Established in January 2020, the Centre aims to support faculty's research in comparative law and transnational law, with a particular focus in the fields of comparative rights and justice; comparative constitutional law; private international law; and legal history and development. The centre's innovative collaborative research

1782-608: The championship at the 17th Willem C. Vis (East) International Commercial Arbitration Moot which was held virtually for the first time amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The CUHK Jessup team have made significant achievements at the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition since 2008. Especially noteworthy is the 2010 team's winning the Hardy C. Dillard Award, which honours the best overall memorials worldwide submitted by both

1836-530: The closing date for applications. A minimum score of 7 is required, as set by the Standing Committee on Legal Education and Training. The programme is taught in two stages. In the first term, five compulsory subjects involve the study of core practice areas necessary for progression into the second term: Professional Practice , Commercial Practice, Property and Probate Practice, Civil Litigation Practice, and Criminal Litigation Practice. In

1890-638: The conquest, the Romans administered this region as a single unit, the province of Britain . Long after the departure of the Romans, the Britons in what became Wales developed their own system of law , first codified by Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good; reigned 942–950) when he was king of most of present-day Wales (compare King of Wales ); in England Anglo-Saxon law was initially codified by Alfred

1944-482: The course operator and Manchester Metropolitan University as the qualification awarding institution, or enroll with the law faculty of one of the three universities awarding LLB or JD degrees in Hong Kong. In addition to the above admission requirements, all students applying for PCLL must take the IELTS English proficiency test (Academic Module), the results of which is not earlier than three years preceding

1998-555: The defending champion in the quarter-finals. In 2014, CUHK went into the elimination rounds in both Hong Kong and Vienna, in addition to receiving a total of 9 honorable mentions from Vis (East) and Vis (Vienna), 5 of which were from Vis (Vienna). This placed CUHK as the top university for having the most awards and honorable mentions. In 2016, CUHK emerged as the Championship team at the 13th Annual Willem C. Vis (East) International Commercial Arbitration moot. In 2020, CUHK won again

2052-415: The following (or equivalent): Six of these must be completed as part of a student's main law qualification: Contract, Tort, Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Property Law and Equity. Conversion examinations are offered twice a year for the remaining five subjects. Students may complete these core subjects: From September 2008 onwards, all candidates with overseas qualifications (i.e. not graduating with

2106-515: The law applicable to that business entity. A registered office must be specified as "in Wales" if the company wishes to use a name ending cyfyngedig or cyf , rather than Limited or Ltd. or to avail itself of certain other privileges relating to the official use of the Welsh language. Outside the legal system, the position is mixed. Some organisations combine as "England and Wales", others are separate. The order of precedence in England and Wales

2160-536: The legal system of the Kingdom of England. This was in part to update outdated Welsh laws, but also to control Wales alongside England; through these acts, the Welsh could be seen as equals to the English. This was reflected on both Henry VIII and Elizabeth I 's coat of arms where the dragon represented Wales and the lion represented England. As soon as the Tudor dynasty ended with the death of Elizabeth I , however,

2214-650: The need to consult Westminster. This was the first time in almost 500 years that Wales had its own powers to legislate. Each piece of Welsh legislation is known as an Act of Senedd Cymru . For a company to be incorporated in the United Kingdom, its application for registration with Companies House must state "whether the company's registered office is to be situated in England and Wales (or in Wales), in Scotland or in Northern Ireland", which will determine

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2268-411: The opportunity to choose a double degree option towards the end of their first year. Two double degree options are available for LLB students: Law and Translation; and Law and Sociology. In collaboration with the Dickson Poon School of Law of King's College London (KCL), CUHK LAW offers a study option for LLB students to join the KCL's Master of Laws (LLM) Programme. The two law schools also jointly offer

2322-878: The second term, students are free to choose five electives which build upon the core skills and knowledge from the first term. Though there is no streaming in the PCLL programme between intending Barristers and Solicitors, students who intend to seek admission as a Barrister in Hong Kong must undertake the following three courses: Trial Advocacy (taught intensively in the summer term), Writing & Drafting Litigation Documents, and Conference Skills and Opinion Writing. There are five compulsory subjects: Civil Litigation, Criminal Litigation, Property Transactions, Corporate & Commercial Transactions, Professional Practice & Management. In 2007–08, students had to choose one of two streams: CPC (commercial, probate and corporate practice; for intending solicitors) or Litigation (for intending barristers and litigation solicitors). Course content

2376-499: The second term, students must also take three electives which include the Bar Course; Foundations in Mainland Related Legal Transactions; International Arbitration Practice; Family Law Practice; Personal Injuries Practice; Financial Regulatory Practice, Chinese for Legal Practice, Commercial Writing and Drafting; and Corporate Fundraising for Lawyers. Students must take the Bar Course as elective if they intend to become barristers. Many students wishing to leave their options open may opt for

2430-504: The subject category of "law and legal studies", The Chinese University of Hong Kong was ranked 42nd world-wide. These rankings are based upon academic reputation, employer reputation, and research impact. In 2018 CUHK LAW was ranked by the Times Higher Education (THE) ranking exercise the most international law school worldwide. CUHK LAW operates on twin sites, with its headquarters at the university main campus in Shatin. The LL.B students conduct their undergraduate classes in Shatin at

2484-402: The team won the White & Case Jessup Cup (Championship) and the prizes for Best Applicant Memorial, Best Respondent Memorial, Best Oralist, and Second Runner-Up Oralist. It was again the winner of the regional round in 2020 and received the prize for Best Oralist. The CUHK ICC team has demonstrated its continued success at the International Criminal Court Moot Court Competition. Having reached

2538-407: The two Acts of Union, Parliament can restrict the effect of its laws to part of the realm, and generally the effect of laws, where restricted, was originally applied to one or more of the former kingdoms. Thus, most laws applicable to England also applied to Wales. However, Parliament now passes laws applicable to Wales and not to England (and vice versa), a practice which was rare before the middle of

2592-451: The whole, achieved at least a 2:1 honours (or its equivalent) in their law degree. The course is only offered as a one-year full-time course, with one point of entry in September. In 2019-20, 36 places were government-funded. HKU's intake is currently approximately 280 (full-time) and 80 (part-time), with approximately 70–80 of those from its own LLB programme. Others come from universities in other common law jurisdictions, particularly

2646-499: The wider legal community." It was thereafter rebranded as the Hong Kong Student Law Gazette in 2012 and has remained a student-run organization encompassing undergraduate and postgraduate students. The Gazette has since received tremendous support from the faculty and Hong Kong's legal community, including industry leaders, the judiciary and the city's top law firms. CUHK LAW offers both undergraduate and postgraduate level law degree programmes. Unlike most other common law jurisdictions,

2700-525: Was appointed as Dean of the Faculty of Law with effect from 1 November 2024. The Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) Report of 2014, prepared by the University Grants Committee of the Hong Kong Government, ranked CUHK LAW at first place under the Law panel. In the RAE 2020, CUHK LAW is again overall leading in the law domain with 83% of its research activity being rated as 4* ("world leading") and 3* ("internationally excellent"). The annual QS global university rankings, released on 29 April 2015, showed that in

2754-448: Was formally inaugurated on 9 November 2006. The first research students, comprising MPhil and PhD candidates, were admitted in 2007. The Postgraduate Certificate in Laws (PCLL) programme, the professional qualification programme required for admission to the legal profession in Hong Kong, began in September 2008. On 1 August 2008, the School of Law was renamed the Faculty of Law in recognition of its expanded size and development. In 2010,

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2808-406: Was previous known as the Centre for Financial Regulation and Economic Development (CFRED) founded by Professor David Donald in 2010 to support and facilitate research in all areas of law affecting commerce and business. In 2017, CFRED changed the direction of its activities towards research projects related to law and technology. In 2022, CFRED was re-organized and renamed as CLINDS to better reflect

2862-417: Was repealed by the Welsh Language Act 1967 , although the statutory definition of "England" created by that Act still applies for laws passed before 1967. In new legislation since then, what was referred to as "England" is now "England and Wales", while subsequent references to "England" and "Wales" refer to those political divisions. There have been multiple calls from both Welsh academics and politicians for

2916-414: Was then united with the English crown by the Statute of Rhuddlan of 1284. This aimed to replace Welsh criminal law with English law. Welsh law continued to be used for civil cases until the annexation of Wales to England in the 16th century by the Welsh House of Tudor . The Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 then consolidated the administration of all the Welsh territories and incorporated them fully into

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