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74-510: The party was founded in 1997 by Lito Osmeña , a former governor of Cebu, for his 1998 presidential campaign . Their main ideology is devolution . In 2021, PROMDI formed an alliance with Manny Pacquiao 's PDP–Laban wing and the People's Champ Movement (PCM), dubbed as the MP3 alliance. They officially nominated Pacquiao as their candidate in the 2022 Philippine presidential election . PROMDI

148-670: A municipality . President Ferdinand Marcos appointed his wife, First Lady Imelda Marcos , as the first governor of Metro Manila . She launched the City of Man campaign. The Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex , Metropolitan Folk Arts Theater , Philippine International Convention Center , Coconut Palace and healthcare facilities such as the Lung Center of the Philippines , Philippine Heart Center , and

222-577: A coastal lagoon, and a beach. The framework of government and governance in Metro Manila is based on Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the "Local Government Code of 1991" . This law outlines the powers and responsibilities of all local government units (LGUS) in the Philippines and thus forms the basis of inter-local governmental relations among the area's constituent local governments. The local government code grants these units significant political and administrative autonomy in accordance with

296-736: A concurrent elected position such as mayor. Elfren Cruz was the last to serve as the Officer-In-Charge governor of Metro Manila. Throughout 1988, unemployment among the country's regions was highest in Metro Manila, with 20.1% of the region's workforce being jobless according to the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and the National Statistics Office . In 2014, then-MMDA chairman Francis Tolentino proposed that San Pedro, Laguna be included in Metro Manila as its 18th member city. Tolentino said that in

370-724: A new walled city of Manila became the capital of the Spanish East Indies. After setting up a settlement and consolidating some territorial holdings outwards, the Spanish instituted a province known as Manila . Later on, the Manila galleon continually sailed the Pacific from end-to-end, bringing to Mexico Asian merchandise and cultural exchange. In the First Philippine Republic, the province included

444-576: A position of authority recognized under international military law. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila and the administrative functions of the Governor of Metro Manila that was established during the Marcos administration. After World War II, in 1945, President Sergio Osmeña signed Executive Order No. 58, which dissolved the city of Greater Manila instituted by former President Quezon. World War II resulted in

518-590: A relatively lengthy wet season that covers the remaining period with slightly cooler temperatures. In the wet season, it rarely rains all day, but rainfall is very heavy during short periods. Typhoons usually occur from June to September. There are four national parks in Metro Manila. These are the Rizal Park , Paco Park , and Fort Santiago in the City of Manila and Quezon Memorial National Park in Quezon City . Rizal Park and Paco Park are managed by

592-549: A threat as well. Flooding is recurrent every year especially in low-lying areas of Valenzuela , Malabon , Caloocan , Navotas , Manila , Pasay , Parañaque , and Las Piñas , where flood are generally linked with the tidal movements in Manila Bay . Meanwhile, Marikina , Pasig , Taguig , and Pateros are areas inland that are also prone to flooding. These areas are located along the Marikina Valley where there

666-738: Is more akin to the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . Metro Manila, the National Capital Region, is the seat of the national government. All the main offices of the executive departments of the country are in Metro Manila. The Department of Agrarian Reform , Department of Agriculture , Department of Environment and Natural Resources , National Housing Authority and Philippine Coconut Authority has their main offices based around Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City . Manila ,

740-495: Is now considered Luzon island, or at least its southern portion, was called "Luzon the greater", while what is now considered Mindoro island was called "Luzon the lesser". Manila has historically been a global city due to its role for international trade. By the 15th and 16th centuries, Manila was a walled and fortified city and was the capital of the Kingdom of Luzon. Its institution, government, and economy were associated with

814-476: Is poor soil drainage and a shallow water table due to being in proximity to Laguna Bay's shores. Flood risks are generally lower in cities along the Guadalupe Plateau, including Quezon City , San Juan , Makati , Mandaluyong and Muntinlupa , where volcanic rocks rise up to 40 to 70 meters (130 to 230 ft) above sea level. Around five to seven typhoons hit Manila yearly. Manila was ranked as

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888-453: Is the home to all embassies in the Philippines, thereby making it an important center for international diplomacy in the country. Its economic power makes the region the country's premier center for finance and commerce. The region accounts for 36% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Philippines. Greater Manila is the fourth largest ASEAN country subdivision by GDP after Singapore , Jakarta and Bangkok . In 1975, in response to

962-661: The Department of Science and Technology is based in Taguig while the Department of Tourism has its headquarters in Makati . Important economic and financial institutions headquartered in the region are the Asian Development Bank , Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , Development Bank of the Philippines , Land Bank of the Philippines and the National Economic and Development Authority . The main office of

1036-1016: The Government Service Insurance System in Pasay serves as home to the Senate of the Philippines . Meanwhile, the House of Representatives of the Philippines is based in the Batasang Pambansa Complex , Quezon City along with the Sandiganbayan . The Coconut Palace once served as the official office and residence of the Vice President of the Philippines in 2010–2016 and then the Quezon City Reception House for 2016-2022. The political and administrative boundaries of

1110-587: The House of Representatives , PROMDI won four district seats and a party-list seat represented by Joy Augustus Young . In 2001, President Joseph Estrada was ousted in the Second EDSA Revolution and Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo ascended to the presidency. PROMDI joined the pro-Arroyo People Power Coalition (PPC) alongside Lakas, Reporma , Aksyon , the Liberal Party , and PDP-Laban . The party won three district seats in

1184-517: The Kidney Center of the Philippines are all constructed precisely for this purpose. The capital of the Philippines was re-designated to Manila in 1976 through Presidential Decree No. 940. The decree states that Manila has always been, to the Filipino people and in the eyes of the world, the premier city of the Philippines, being the center of trade, commerce, education, and culture. While

1258-692: The Marikina River provides water for industrial uses and discharge. The Laguna Lowlands is not only suitable for agriculture and aquaculture but also for industrial activity. Metro Manila is exposed to multiple natural hazards such as earthquakes , floods , and typhoons . It is surrounded by active faults including the Marikina Valley Fault System . Other distant faults such as the Philippine Faults , Lubang Faults, Manila Trench and Casiguran Faults, are

1332-628: The Southern Tagalog region being designated as Region IV-A. Finally, in 1978, Metro Manila became the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines, discontinuing its numerical designation and reverting it to Southern Tagalog. Manila , to the extent that it has this placename, was likely founded in the Middle Ages, or between 400 and 1500s, due to the Sanskrit origin of the component "nila" in its name which refers to "indigo", and

1406-405: The 1500s had also been taking part in mercenary work in other kingdoms. The Luzonians' commercial influence also reached as far as Butuan. By the 1570s, the ruling class of Manila together with the international Luzonian merchants were Muslim and Islam was spreading through the freemen and the slaves. On May 24, 1570, the battle of Manila was fought between the Kingdom of Luzon, under the command of

1480-529: The Coastal Margin, Guadalupe Plateau, Marikina Valley, and the Laguna Lowlands. The Coastal Margin or Lowland is a flat and low plain that faces Manila Bay . Located here is Manila , Navotas , parts of Malabon , and the western part and reclaimed areas of Pasay and Parañaque , where the ground elevation ranges from zero meters on Manila Bay to five meters (16 ft) at the west side of

1554-607: The Dominicans during the Spanish colonial period. Filipino Landscape architect IP Santos , the "Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture", was commissioned to do the design of converting the former cemetery into a park. Manila Zoo is the oldest zoo in Asia, which was founded in 1959. It is the home to more than a thousand animals from 90 different species including the 40-year-old elephant, Mali. The zoo has an average of 4,000 visitors weekly. An estimated 40,000 tourists visit

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1628-1195: The Edsa/Boni underpass, the Kalayaan/EDSA flyover, the Ayala-Pasay Road interchange, the EDSA-Shaw flyover, the Bohol Circumferential Road, the Bataan Combined Cycle Power Plant (600MW), the Palimpinon Geothermal Plant (80MW), the Pagbilao Plant (700MW), the Upper Mahiao & Malitbog Geothermal Plant in Leyte (231MW), the Rehabilitation of PNR South Line, Line 2, Line 3 and the Deregulation of

1702-644: The House of Representatives, the party was represented by Joy Augustus Young . Osmeña did not run in the 2004 elections and supported his former political rival Raul Roco for president. His party was disqualified in the party list elections, citing that the party was a national political party. Osmeña ran in 2010 for senator but lost. Lito, as he was often called, was married to Annette Versoza and had three children, namely Mariano, Maria Luisa, and Emilio III. He had eight grand children – Annette, Santino, Marie, Katrien, Alexander, Emilio IV, Illeana, and Julia. Lito

1776-481: The House. However, they were disqualified from the party-list election for failing to meet the criteria of representing the "marginalized and underrepresented" in accordance with the Party-list System Act (R.A. 7941). In Cebu City , PROMDI's Tomas Osmeña and Mike Rama were elected mayor and vice mayor, respectively. The 2004 election was dominated by two major coalitions: the pro-Arroyo K4 and

1850-616: The Manila Bay Beach Resort. Rizal Park , also known as Luneta Park, is considered the largest urban park in Asia with an area of 58 hectares (140 acres). The park along with the historic walled area of Intramuros are designated as flagship destination to become a tourism enterprise zone according to the Tourism Act of 2009. Paco Park is a recreational garden which was once the city's municipal cemetery built by

1924-582: The May 11 elections. Osmeña accepted Ramos' invitation and accepted his offer citing his vision to follow his grandfather's footsteps. He however lost to Joseph Estrada in a 7-way race for Vice President. Osmeña served as Executive Vice President of Lakas-NUCD and Chief Economic Adviser of President Fidel V. Ramos from 1993 to 1997. He also Chaired the Presidential Committee on Flagship Programs and Projects and finished or substantially undertook

1998-400: The National Capital Region has not changed since its formation in 1975 as a public corporation under Presidential Decree No. 824. They are composed of sixteen independent cities , classified as highly urbanized cities , and one independent municipality: Pateros . Unlike other administrative regions in the Philippines, Metro Manila is not composed of provinces . Instead, the region

2072-847: The National Parks and Development Committee (NPDC), while Fort Santiago is managed by the Intramuros Administration . A tripartite agreement between the Quezon City Government, the National Historical Institute and the NPDC transferred the management of Quezon Memorial National Park to the Quezon City Government. The region also has three protected areas , namely the Rizal Park, Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center and

2146-581: The Portuguese conquest of Melaka in 1511. In 1521, Raja Matanda, then still a young man, was known in maritime Southeast Asia as the son of the King of Luzon. He married a princess of Brunei and served as an admiral for his grandfather, the Sultan of Brunei, in an attack near Java in exchange for soldiers and a fleet of ships. On the way home, he met and had an encounter with a Castilian fleet. Some Luzonians in

2220-911: The Tagalogs and the Kapampangans, and the Malay language was extensively used for foreign affairs as customary in much of Southeast Asia at the time. It was also well known by other Southeast Asian kingdoms such as Cebu, Brunei, Melaka, other Malay kingdoms, and Ternate, and may be known in East Asia as far as China and Japan. In the current territory of Metropolitan Manila, there were several lordships that were either sovereign or tributary such as Tondo ( Tundók ), Malate ( Maalát ), Navotas ( Nabútas ), Tambobong ( Tambúbong ), Taguig ( Tagiig ), Parañaque ( Palanyág ), Cainta ( Kay Intâ ), and Pateros. Shortly after Raja Matanda's birth, sometime around

2294-464: The Telecom Sector. In 1997, he bolted from Lakas-NUCD and formed his own party he called PROMDI Party ( Probinsya Muna Development Initiative ). With Ismael Sueño as his running mate, he ran for the position of President in the 11-way presidential election but lost to Joseph Estrada. Osmeña returned to private life after the elections handling the party he founded as a party-list party. In

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2368-456: The accented pronunciation of "from the province" and it used to be a derogatory term for Filipinos living outside Metro Manila , who were stereotyped as unsophisticated or socially awkward. In June 2021, PROMDI declared three major platforms: "the devolution of power and initiative, a responsive and relevant educational system, and advanced and tactical nuclearization ". The party calls for devolution "to ensure that decisions are made closer to

2442-813: The capital city of the country, is the home to Malacañan Palace , the official residence and office of the President of the Philippines . The city is also the home to the Supreme Court of the Philippines . Other key national institutions based in Manila are the Court of Appeals , the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , and the Departments of Budget and Management , Finance , Health , Justice , Labor and Employment and Public Works and Highways . Meanwhile,

2516-423: The cities of Mandaluyong and Makati . The Coastal Lowland possesses resources for offshore fisheries and fishpond development, and various reclamation projects in the area are meant for mixed-use urban development. The Central or Guadalupe Plateau is the most adaptable to urban development activities not only because of its solid geographical foundations but also because of its existing infrastructure links with

2590-476: The cities of Manila and Quezon City, along with the municipalities of Caloocan , Makati , Mandaluyong , Parañaque , Pasay , and San Juan . Jorge Vargas was appointed as its first mayor. Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as assistant mayors in their town. This was to ensure that Vargas, who was Quezon's principal lieutenant for administrative matters, would have

2664-514: The current territory of Metropolitan Manila, the towns of Caloocan , Las Piñas , Mariquina (now Marikina), Pasig , Parañaque , Malabon , Navotas , San Juan del Monte (now San Juan), San Pedro de Macati (now Makati), San Felipe Neri (now Mandaluyong), Muntinlupa and the Taguig - Pateros area were designated to Rizal, with Pasig being the provincial capital. On the other hand, Polo (now Valenzuela) remained in Bulacan . Manila in 1901

2738-472: The defunding of for-profit education . They also push for the transition to renewable energy . Lastly, they call for the acquisition of nuclear weapons as deterrence, since the Philippines is a "small nation" that must defend itself from "advances by superpowers ". PROMDI claims to have 3 million members nationwide as of June 2021. Lito Osme%C3%B1a Emilio Mario Renner Osmeña Jr. (September 11, 1938 – July 19, 2021), better known as Lito Osmeña ,

2812-518: The early 1500s while he was raja muda or heir apparent, his father, the King of Luzon, died, leaving his mother as Queen Regent of Luzon. By 1511, Luzonians had been carrying out large-scale trade at least within maritime Southeast Asia with some Luzonians being hired as officials in Melaka and some Luzonian merchants gaining royal favors in Brunei. It was in Melaka that Luzonians met the Portuguese before

2886-599: The eastern shore of Manila Bay , the region lies between the Central Luzon and Calabarzon regions. Encompassing an area of 636.00 km (245.56 sq mi) and with a population of 13,484,462 as of 2020, it consists of sixteen highly urbanized cities : Manila —the capital city— Caloocan , Las Piñas , Makati , Malabon , Mandaluyong , Marikina , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Parañaque , Pasay , Pasig , Quezon City , San Juan , Taguig , and Valenzuela , along with one independent municipality, Pateros . As

2960-679: The farm-to-market roads and began construction of the Transcentral Highway , connecting Cebu City to the West. Osmeña launched a Water Distribution Program in the entire island, making water available to 90% of the population, as opposed to the 56% before his incumbency. He set up the municipal telephone system throughout the province. Osmeña initiated the modernization of Cebu's Mactan International Airport (now Mactan–Cebu International Airport ). He also worked with Fr. Francisco G. Silva in developing "Rural Electrification" for remote areas of

3034-586: The first meeting of the MMDA Council of mayors in January 2015, he would push for the inclusion of the city to the MMDA . Senator Aquilino "Koko" Pimentel III filed Senate Bill No. 3029, which seeks to create San Pedro as a separate legislative district to commence in the next national and local elections if the bill was passed into law. In April 2022, Makati lost the territorial dispute with Taguig, which

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3108-526: The following month. His son, Mimo, became the new party president. On September 18, PROMDI signed an alliance agreement with the Pacquiao–Pimentel wing of PDP-Laban and the People's Champ Movement (PCM), dubbed the MP3 alliance. On September 26, Senator Manny Pacquiao took his oath as member of PROMDI and was named their honorary chairperson. The party then nominated him as their presidential candidate for 2022 . When Pacquiao filed his candidacy on October 1, he declared PROMDI as his party, but asserted that he

3182-413: The following projects: The General Santos Airport, the Mactan Cebu International Airport, the upgrading of the Batangas port, the upgrading of the General Santos Seaport, the Rehabilitation of the Pan-Philippine Highway, the Quirino Highway, the Southern Tagalog Arterial Highway (Sto. Tomas-Lipa Section), C-5 Road (from South Luzon Expressway to Katipunan Avenue), the Metro Manila Skyway (Buendia to Bicutan),

3256-411: The heir apparent Prince Sulayman, and the Kingdom of the Spains and the Indies, under the command of field marshal Martin de Goiti who was aided by some foreign forces. This resulted in the arson and destruction of Manila. After destroying Manila, the Spanish set up a settlement to secure territory on the same site on the Luzon island for the Spanish ruler. Initially enclosed in wood, much later in stone,

3330-481: The latter would defeat him again. Lito was born on September 11, 1938 in Cebu City to Emilio Veloso Osmeña and Maria Luisa Renner. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from the University of San Carlos in Cebu . Early in life, Lito managed Hacienda Lugo. He developed Maria Luisa Estate Park, a family owned residential subdivision. In 1973, he became a political prisoner during Martial Law at Fort Bonifacio for nine months, and

3404-476: The local people, communities and business they affect". They criticize the unitary system of government based in Imperial Manila as "highly bureaucratic, inefficient, and unresponsive", accusing it of neglecting the provinces. They also want to reform the education system to be "responsive to the needs and wants" of localities. As such, the imposition of national academic standards and assessments should be reviewed. They encourage vocational education and call for

3478-461: The loss of more than 100,000 lives in the battle of Manila in 1945. Most of the developments in Burnham's design were also destroyed. Later on, Quezon City was eventually declared as the national capital in 1948 and later expanded to the areas formerly under the jurisdiction of Caloocan, Marikina, and San Mateo, Rizal . On November 7, 1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No. 824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission

3552-399: The need to sustain and provide integrated services to the growing population, the built-up area centered on Manila was formally recognized as a metropolitan area through Presidential Decree No. 824. A year later, Presidential Decree No. 879 established Metro Manila as an administrative region, retaining its earlier status as a metropolis, and was designated as Region IV, with the remainder of

3626-458: The northwestern side of the plateau. The area becomes narrower along the Pasig River . The Marikina Valley is a floodplain along the Marikina River and a delta along Laguna de Bay . Its elevation ranges from two meters (6 ft 7 in) on the Laguna de Bay side to 30 meters (98 ft) on its north side towards Montalban. It is surrounded by the Central Plateau and mountains of Rizal. It has fertile land suitable for crop cultivation while

3700-408: The objective of replacing Manila as the capital city of the Philippines. A design for Quezon City was completed. The establishment of Quezon City meant the abandonment of Burnham's design for Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital In 1942, during the World War II , President Manuel L. Quezon created the City of Greater Manila as an emergency measure, merging

3774-431: The opposition KNP . However, PROMDI opted to join Aksyon and Reporma (former Arroyo supporters) to form a third smaller coalition, the Alyansa ng Pag-asa (Alliance of Hope). They supported the presidential bid of Aksyon's Raul Roco . In 2010 , Osmeña unsuccessfully ran for a Senate seat. In June 2021, Osmeña announced the revival of PROMDI and their plans to contest the 2022 election at national level. Osmeña died

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3848-427: The prevalence of the placename during the rule of Raja Matanda, the old King of Luzon, who was born in the early 1500s. The earliest evidence of Hinduism and Sanskrit influence in maritime Southeast Asia is in Sanskrit inscriptions from the late 300s in eastern Kalimantan (or Borneo). This analysis of the placename is supported by many other nearby placenames in the Tagalog region with the prefix "may-". As for Luzon, what

3922-510: The principles of decentralization and devolution of power. This situation presents a challenge to the coordination of policy and service delivery across the multiple autonomous local government units and is thus the underlying dilemma of metropolitan governance in Metro Manila. The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is the agency responsible for the delivery of public services in Metro Manila. Its services are limited to traffic management and garbage collection. Previously Metro Manila

3996-452: The province. He also initiated direct flights from Cebu to the different parts of the world. He was elected as Chairman of the League of Governors of the Philippines from 1990 to 1992. It was during his watch as Governor of Cebu that Cebu experienced an economic boom. After Fidel V. Ramos bolted the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino in 1992, he invited Osmeña to his new party Lakas Tao (later Lakas-NUCD ) and offered to be his running mate in

4070-417: The ratification of the 1987 Constitution, he ran for the position of governor for the province of Cebu in 1988 and won. During his term as Governor of Cebu, Osmeña was able to increase the provincial budget to 1 billion pesos per annum. He made possible the construction of flyovers and causeways, and purchased heavy equipment that caused the opening and maintenance of several barangay roads and bridges as well as

4144-404: The rest of Luzon. It is mainly residential and includes the densely populated areas of Metro Manila such San Juan , Makati and Quezon City , as well as most parts of Caloocan and Mandaluyong . The ground elevation ranges from 20 to 40 meters (66 to 131 ft) and gradually becomes lower towards its western side, while ground elevation ranges from 70 to 100 meters (230 to 330 ft) towards

4218-428: The rest of the Philippines, Manila lies entirely within the tropics. Its proximity to the equator means that temperatures are hot year-round, rarely going below 15 °C or above 39 °C. Temperature extremes have ranged from 14.4 °C on January 11, 1914, to 38.8 °C on April 27, 2024. Humidity levels are usually very high all year round. Manila has a distinct dry season from December through April, and

4292-541: The second most populous and the most densely populated region in the Philippines, it ranks as the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Asia and the 6th most populous urban area in the world . The region is the center of culture (including arts and entertainment), economy , education and government of the Philippines . Designated as a global power city , the region exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, both locally and internationally. It

4366-401: The second riskiest capital city after Tokyo to live in according to Swiss Re . According to the Köppen climate classification , there are two climates in Metro Manila. Most of the region has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) while the northeastern part of the region that lies on the foothills of Sierra Madre has a tropical monsoon climate . Together with

4440-414: The structure of the Metropolitan Manila Commission and renamed it to the Metropolitan Manila Authority. Mayors in the metropolis chose from among themselves the chair of the agency. Later on, it was again reorganized in 1995 through Republic Act No. 7924, creating the present-day Metropolitan Manila Development Authority . The chairperson of the agency would be appointed by the President and should not have

4514-442: The then-newly formed region was designated as the seat of government . President Marcos was overthrown in a non-violent revolution along EDSA , which lasted four days in late February 1986. The popular uprising, now known as the People Power Revolution , made international headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world". In 1986, President Corazon Aquino laid down the Executive Order No. 392, reorganizing and changing

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4588-436: The walled city of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the provincial capital from 1898 to 1899. However, despite almost the entirety of the territory being occupied by Philippine forces, the walled city of Manila was occupied by Spanish forces. During American rule, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated into the newly created province of Rizal on June 11, 1901, by Act No. 137. In

4662-467: The zoo each month. La Mesa Ecopark is a 33-hectare well-developed sanctuary around the La Mesa Watershed. It was established through a joint partnership between the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System , ABS-CBN , and the Quezon City Government. La Mesa Ecopark , along with the Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center , are important nature reserves in the Philippines. The Las Piñas - Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA)

4736-417: Was 82 years old. His wife Annette also died from complications of the virus two weeks later, on July 31. Metro Manila Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino : Kalakhang Maynila ), commonly shortened to Metro Manila and formally the National Capital Region ( NCR ; Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon ), is the capital region and largest metropolitan area of the Philippines . Located on

4810-447: Was a Filipino politician. A grandson of former president Sergio Osmeña , he served as Governor of Cebu from 1988 to 1992. He was the founding chairman of PROMDI , under which he ran for President of the Philippines in the 1998 Philippine presidential election but lost to Joseph Estrada . He also ran for Vice President as the running mate of Fidel V. Ramos in the 1992 national elections but lost also to Estrada, six years before

4884-596: Was also created to manage the region. On June 2, 1978, through Presidential Decree No. 1396, the metropolitan area was declared the National Capital Region of the Philippines. When Metro Manila was established, there were four cities, Manila , Quezon City , Caloocan , Pasay and the thirteen municipalities of Las Piñas , Makati , Malabon , Mandaluyong , Marikina , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Parañaque , Pasig , Pateros , San Juan , Taguig , and Valenzuela . At present, all but one of these municipalities have become independent chartered cities; only Pateros still remains as

4958-459: Was composed of Binondo , Ermita , Intramuros , Malate , Manila, Pandacan , Quiapo , Sampaloc , San Fernando de Dilao , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Ana de Sapa , Santa Cruz , and Tondo . In the American rule, the American architect Daniel Burnham was commissioned to propose a Plan of Manila for the Philippine government. In 1939, during the Philippine Commonwealth , President Manuel L. Quezon established Quezon City with

5032-416: Was declared as a critical habitat by the Government of the Philippines in 2007 and was listed by the Ramsar Convention as a Wetland of International Importance in 2013. LPPCHEA is composed of the Freedom Island in Parañaque and the Long Island in Las Piñas that covers 175 hectares and features a mangrove forest of eight species, tidal mudflats , secluded ponds with fringing salt-tolerant vegetation,

5106-402: Was founded in 1997 by Lito Osmeña , who served as governor of Cebu (1988–1992) and chief economic adviser to President Fidel V. Ramos (1993–1997), and was Ramos' unsuccessful running mate in the 1992 presidential election . A former officer of Lakas , Osmeña formed PROMDI for his unsuccessful presidential bid in 1998 ; his running mate was former South Cotabato governor Ismael Sueno . In

5180-424: Was governed by a regional government authority, the Metro Manila Commission and was led by a governor . A bill was introduced in 2014 proposing the creation of a new governing body in Metro Manila to be known as the Metropolitan Manila Regional Administration (MMRA). Unlike the MMDA which is limited to being an administrative coordinating body, the proposed MMRA will have police and other typical municipal powers and

5254-406: Was not abandoning the leadership dispute of PDP-Laban. Pacquiao's running mate, House Deputy Speaker Lito Atienza of Buhay party-list, also filed his candidacy under PROMDI. Mimo Osmeña filed his certificate of candidacy on October 11, 2024, to run as Congressman under the Promdi Party List. Promdi is a Filipino slang referring to people from the provinces or rural areas. It is derived from

5328-542: Was part of the Osmeña clan, a very influential political family in the Philippines. Other prominent family members include former Senators Sergio Osmeña III , John Henry Osmeña and Sergio Osmeña Jr. ; former Cebu City Mayor Tomas Osmeña , former President Sergio Osmeña , former Cebu Vice Governor John Gregory Osmeña, as well as his sister, real estate developer Annabelle "Annie" Osmeña-Aboitiz. Osmeña died on July 19, 2021, in his hometown of Cebu City from COVID-19 . He

5402-406: Was placed under house arrest for four years. After his release, he focused on developing real estate projects. It was not until the assassination of former senator Ninoy Aquino in 1983 that Osmeña got involved in politics. He ran for governor of Cebu in 1988 and won. Osmeña served as the governor of Cebu from February 2, 1988, to June 30, 1992. After the reorganization of local governments and

5476-579: Was ruled with finality a year later in April 2023. Ten barangays, including the Embo barangays, were thus transferred to Taguig . Metro Manila is located in the southwestern portion of Luzon . The region lies along the flat alluvial lands extending from the mouth of the Pasig River in the west to the higher rugged lands of Marikina Valley in the east. The region is geographically divided into 4 zones:

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