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50-771: The eastern part of the PRR's main line (east of Lancaster ) was built by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as part of the Main Line of Public Works : a hybrid railroad and canal corridor across the state. The system consisted of the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad from Philadelphia west to Columbia on the Susquehanna River , the Eastern Division Canal from Columbia to Duncan's Island,

100-446: A humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) if the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm is used. The hottest recorded temperature in the city was 107 °F (42 °C) on August 7, 1918, while the coldest recorded temperature was −16 °F (−27 °C) on January 22, 1984. On average, the city receives 42 inches of precipitation a year. September is the wettest month of the year and February the driest. The snowiest winter on record for Lancaster

150-590: A steamboat company, for through service over the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad . The PRR obtained trackage rights over the Harrisburg, Portsmouth, Mountjoy and Lancaster Railroad , opened in 1838, on April 21, providing a route from Harrisburg to the Philadelphia and Columbia at Dillerville , just west of Lancaster . On September 1, the first section of the PRR opened, with all arrangements in place for service from Philadelphia to Lewistown. In 1853,

200-471: A 1737 structure on a different site . The first long-distance paved road in the United States was the former Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike , which connected the cities of Lancaster and Philadelphia. Opened in 1795, the turnpike was paved with stone the whole way, and overlaid with gravel. The sixty-two-mile turnpike cost more than $ 450,000, a staggering sum for the time. The route followed what

250-470: A female householder with no husband present, and 41.9% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.23. In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 13.9% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

300-684: A manufacturer of vacuum tube products. Burle completed a voluntary clean-up under the Pennsylvania Land Recycling Program. In addition to Lancaster's boutiques, vintage shops, and art galleries ( Gallery Row ), Park City Center is the largest enclosed shopping center in South Central Pennsylvania . The mall includes more than 150 stores and is anchored by Boscov's , JCPenney , and Kohl's . Park City opened in September 1971. Built in 1889,

350-463: A thriving art community. Gallery Row on the 100 block of North Prince St. features a block of art galleries, and the city proper has over 40 galleries and artists' studios. The galleries host a "First Friday" each month, extending their business hours to exhibit new artwork and new artists to the public. The Lancaster County Quilts and Textile Museum, completed in 2007, celebrates the art of the hand-sewn quilts and other textile items produced by women of

400-508: Is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country , located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia . Originally called Hickory Town, the city was renamed after the English city of Lancaster by native John Wright . Its symbol, the red rose , is from the House of Lancaster . Lancaster was part of the 1681 Penn's Woods Charter of William Penn , and

450-655: Is headquartered in Lancaster, co-founded by Franklin & Marshall College in 1981. The Lancaster Stormers played their inaugural season in 2005, ending Lancaster's 44-year period without professional baseball since the demise of the Red Roses . Their main Atlantic League rival is the Revolution from nearby York . Lancaster is the hometown of Major League Baseball alumnus Tom Herr . He played for

500-402: Is home to about 65 stores. The Shops at Rockvale contains over 100 stores and restaurants. According to Lancaster's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: Many of Lancaster's landmarks are significant in local, state, and national history. The city of Lancaster has art, craft and historical museums. The Demuth Museum is located in the former home of

550-516: Is located in the Piedmont region of Pennsylvania . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 7.35 square miles (19.0 km ), of which, 7.23 square miles (18.7 km ) of it is land and 1.65% is water. Under the Köppen climate classification , Lancaster falls within either a hot-summer humid continental climate ( Dfa ) if the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm is used or

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600-514: Is nine hours and 19 minutes. The sun reaches its lowest point in the sky of 26° between December 11 and December 31. The longest days of the year are June 19 to June 23, reaching 15 hours and one minute. The sun reaches its highest point in the sky of 73° from June 10 to July 2. According to the 2020 United States census , Lancaster had a population of 58,039. Of which, 40.3% were Hispanic/Latino, 38.9% were non-Hispanic White, 12.6% were non-Hispanic Black, 3.8% were Asian, 4.4% mixed or other. As of

650-497: Is now Pennsylvania Route 340 (also called the "Old Philadelphia Pike") from Lancaster to Thorndale and U.S. Route 30 Business and U.S. Route 30 from Thorndale to Philadelphia. The city of Lancaster was home to several important figures in American history. Wheatland , the estate of James Buchanan , the fifteenth President of the United States, is one of Lancaster's most popular attractions. Thaddeus Stevens , considered among

700-551: Is one of the oldest working theaters in the United States. The Ware Center hosts live theater, concerts, and performances. Lancaster is home to Franklin & Marshall College and its various sports teams, including the Diplomats football team. The Diplomats play their home games at Shadek Stadium in Lancaster. Shadek Stadium was built in 2017 and surrounds Tom Gilburg Field. Aside from football, Shadek Stadium also hosts men's and women's lacrosse. The Centennial Conference

750-536: The 2020 census , it is the tenth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania , with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area . Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster

800-813: The American Revolutionary War , Lancaster became an iron-foundry center. Two of the most common products needed by pioneers to settle the Frontier were manufactured in Lancaster: the Conestoga wagon and the Pennsylvania long rifle . The Conestoga wagon was named after the Conestoga River , which runs through the city. The innovative gunsmith William Henry lived in Lancaster and was a U.S. Congressman and leader during and after

850-590: The Continental Congress fled Philadelphia , which had been captured by the British. The revolutionary government then moved still farther away to York, Pennsylvania . Lancaster was the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812, with the state capital located at the Court House (built 1784 and demolished 1852 and now site of Soldiers & Sailors Monument at Penn Square). In 1812, the capital

900-493: The F. W. Woolworth Company . Lancaster was one of the winning communities for the All-America City award in 2000. In 2009, a community organization installed and began monitoring 164 closed-circuit cameras in Lancaster, which engendered some local opposition. On October 13, 2011, Lancaster's City Council officially recognized September 27 as Capital Day, a holiday recognizing Lancaster's one day as capital of

950-552: The Gallitzin Tunnels (through the " Muleshoe Curve ") was reopened as the New Portage Branch , a freight bypass line. Conrail closed this line in 1981. Notes Further reading Lancaster, Pennsylvania Lancaster ( / ˈ l æ ŋ k ɪ s t ər / LANG -kih-stər ) is a city in and the county seat of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania , United States. With a population of 58,039 at

1000-805: The Juniata Division Canal from Duncan's Island to Hollidaysburg , the Allegheny Portage Railroad from Hollidaysburg to Johnstown and the Western Division Canal from Johnstown to the terminus in Pittsburgh . The Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad had one inclined plane at each end; the Allegheny Portage Railroad had ten. The parts that were later included in the PRR main line opened from Philadelphia to Malvern (the end of

1050-868: The Lancaster Central Market is the oldest continuously operated farmers market in the United States, and many tourists come to purchase the handmade Amish goods that are not commonly found elsewhere. Central Market is listed with the National Register of Historic Places , and its towers are of the Romanesque Revival style. The market underwent renovations beginning in July 2010. Lancaster also has two outlet shopping centers, both of which are located in East Lampeter Township on U.S. Route 30 . Tanger Outlets

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1100-622: The New Portage Tunnel and Duncansville, Pennsylvania . The line was opened between 1852 and 1856 by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as a bypass of a portion of their Allegheny Portage Railroad , itself a portion of the Main Line of Public Works . In 1857, the line was purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad and was abandoned. In 1904, due to increasing traffic on Pennsylvania Railroad's main line in

1150-1021: The St. Louis Cardinals for the majority of his career. He also played for the Minnesota Twins , Philadelphia Phillies , New York Mets , and the San Francisco Giants . Herr subsequently coached the Hempfield High School Black Knights baseball team for several years. He also managed the Lancaster Stormers in their first season. The Stormers have won the Atlantic League Championship three times: in 2006, 2014, and 2022. The Lancaster Bicycle Club hosts an annual Covered Bridge Metric Century bicycle race. In 2010, more than 2,500 riders participated. The city of Lancaster hosted

1200-767: The West Chester Railroad ) in 1832 and from Malvern to Lancaster in 1834. A short piece of the Allegheny Portage Railroad in East Taylor Township and Conemaugh Township , including the Portage Viaduct over the Little Conemaugh River , later became part of the PRR main line; it was opened in 1834. The Harrisburg, Portsmouth, Mountjoy and Lancaster Railroad opened from Harrisburg southeast to Middletown and from Lancaster northwest to Rheems in 1836. The next year,

1250-412: The poverty line . 29.2% of those under the age of 18 and 12.9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Poverty in Lancaster is twice the state's average, and public school records list more than 900 children as homeless. Although there are many Amish people from this area, not everyone from Lancaster is Amish, contrary to popular belief. Since 2005, Lancaster's downtown has increased

1300-555: The 1997, 1998, and 2006 British Open, and placed sixth in the 1997 PGA championship. Furyk also won the Vardon Trophy in 2006. He is an alumnus of Manheim Township High School, located in the immediate suburb of Manheim Township. The 2015 and 2024 U.S. Women's Open tournaments were held at the Lancaster Country Club . New Portage Railroad The New Portage Branch was a rail line which ran between

1350-562: The 2010 census, the city was 55.2% White , 16.3% Black or African American , 0.7% Native American , 3.0% Asian , 0.1% Native Hawaiian , and 5.8% were two or more races. 39.3% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the census of 2000, there were 56,348 people, 20,933 households, and 12,162 families residing in the city. The population density was 7,616.5 people per square mile (2,940.7 people/km ). There were 23,024 housing units at an average density of 3,112.1 per square mile (1,201.6/km ). The racial makeup of

1400-604: The American Revolution. In 1803, Meriwether Lewis visited Lancaster to be educated in survey methods by the well-known surveyor Andrew Ellicott . During his visit, Lewis learned to plot latitude and longitude as part of his overall training needed to lead the Lewis and Clark Expedition . In 1879, Franklin Winfield Woolworth opened his first successful five and dime store in the city of Lancaster,

1450-523: The PRR surveyed the Lancaster, Lebanon and Pine Grove Railroad from Philadelphia west via Phoenixville to Salunga on the Portsmouth, Mount Joy and Lancaster Railroad. This was done in order to show the state that the PRR was willing to build its own alignment around the Philadelphia and Columbia. On August 1, 1857, the PRR bought the whole Main Line of Public Works. The Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad

1500-568: The Portage Railroad east of Johnstown ) west to Lockport on August 25, 1851. On December 10, 1851, sections opened from Lockport west to Beatty (west of Latrobe ) and from Pittsburgh east to Brinton , with a temporary stagecoach transfer between them via the Southern Turnpike and a short turnpike branch built to Beatty. Part of that gap was filled on July 15, 1852, from Brinton east to Radebaugh , and on November 29

1550-566: The Tom Bamford Lancaster Classic , an international, professional bicycle racing event held each June since 1992. It was part of the 2006–2007 UCI America Tour and the 2007 USA Cycling Professional Tour . Professional golf is well represented by the Professional Golf Association 's Jim Furyk . He placed 4th in the 1998 and 2003 Masters tournament, won the 2003 U.S. Open, placed fourth in

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1600-607: The United States in 1777. Lancaster receives 20 times more refugees per capita than the rest of the United States, leading it to be dubbed "America's refugee capital" in 2015. Between 2005 and 2019, nearly 5,000 refugees were resettled in Lancaster. Lancaster announced its designation as a Certified Welcoming City in 2019. Nobel laureate Malala Yousafzai visited Lancaster in 2017 to honor its commitment to refugees, an experience she detailed in her book We Are Displaced . Lancaster City Council voted to end cooperation with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in 2024. Lancaster

1650-581: The area, the line was reopened. Together with the railroad's Petersburg Branch, it was used as a bypass, providing a second route around the railyards at Altoona and the Horseshoe Curve on the mainline. In 1981, the line was abandoned from the east portal of the New Portage Tunnel to Hollidaysburg. As of 2019, the New Portage Tunnel is still in use as part of Norfolk Southern 's Pittsburgh Line . The section from US 22 south to

1700-412: The city was 61.55% White , 14.09% African American , 0.44% Native American , 2.46% Asian , 0.08% Pacific Islander , 17.44% from other races , and 3.94% from two or more races. 30.76% of the population were Hispanic or Latino people of any race. The largest ethnic groups in Lancaster as of recent estimates are: In 2010, 29.2% of Lancaster residents were of Puerto Rican ancestry. The city has

1750-843: The exhibits of the Louise Arnold Tanger Arboretum and the North Museum of Nature and Science . The National Watch & Clock Museum, founded in 1977, has the largest collection of clocks and watches in North America. Stevens and Smith Historic Site is located within the Vine Street lobby of the Lancaster County Convention Center . The site includes the preserved home of U.S. Senator Thaddeus Stevens and his companion Lydia Hamilton Smith . The underground portion of

1800-483: The full line was completed, forming the first all-rail route between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, though still using seven of the original ten planes of the Allegheny Portage Railroad. Plane Number 1 of the Portage Railroad was bypassed by the PRR on April 1, 1852. Other planes began to be bypassed by the New Portage Railroad , completed in 1856, but on February 15, 1854 the PRR's new line opened, leaving

1850-485: The most powerful members of the United States House of Representatives , lived in Lancaster as an attorney. Stevens gained notoriety as a Radical Republican and for his abolitionism . The Fulton Opera House in the city was named for Lancaster native Robert Fulton , a renaissance man who created the first fully functional steamboat. All of these individuals have had local schools named after them. After

1900-412: The number of specialty shops, boutiques, bars, clubs, and galleries. Burle Business Park, the city's only commercial and industrial park. originally opened in 1942 as a U.S. Navy electronics research, development and manufacturing plant operated by RCA . The facility was purchased after World War II by RCA. Burle Business Park was originally occupied by Burle Industries, the successor company to RCA, and

1950-607: The old one on the east side of the ridge in Altoona and running west via the Horseshoe Curve and Gallitzin Tunnel , only using a short portion of the old Portage Railroad near South Fork and a longer adjacent section of the New Portage Railroad. A reciprocal trackage rights agreement made March 18, 1854, allowed the PRR to use that section for free. On March 21, 1849, the PRR contracted with Eagle Line, primarily

2000-491: The original Rockville Bridge across the Susquehanna River ). Further extensions opened to McVeytown on December 24, Mount Union on April 1, 1850, Huntingdon on June 10, and Duncansville (west of Hollidaysburg ) on September 16, 1850, taking it to a connection with the Allegheny Portage Railroad on the east side of the Allegheny Ridge . On the other side of the ridge, the main line opened from Conemaugh (on

2050-597: The region's Amish and Mennonite communities. The museum was closed in 2011. The Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society Museum and the Heritage Center Museum display artifacts and interpret the region's unique history. Children can have a hands-on experience with educational learning at the Hands-on House, also known as the Children's Museum of Lancaster. Nature and geology-minded visitors can view

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2100-538: The second highest concentration of Puerto Ricans in Pennsylvania after Reading . For this reason, it is sometimes referred to as the "Spanish Rose." Lancaster celebrates its Puerto Rican heritage once every year with the Puerto Rican Festival. There were 20,933 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.4% were married couples living together, 19.0% had

2150-499: The segment from Middletown to Elizabethtown opened, and the line was completed in 1838 with the opening of the Elizabethtown Tunnel . Pennsylvania Railroad Company was chartered by the Pennsylvania legislature on April 13, 1846 to build a private railroad line from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh . Construction began in 1847, and the first section opened from Harrisburg west to Lewistown on September 1, 1849 (including

2200-609: The site includes a recently discovered Underground Railroad feature: a converted water cistern used in the antebellum years to hide fugitive slaves on their way to freedom. In Lancaster County, the Landis Valley Museum in Manheim Township has exhibits that interpret the county's history and culture, especially as a center of ethnic German Amish and Mennonite culture. The Lancaster Symphony Orchestra has been performing since 1947. The Fulton Opera House

2250-631: The well-known painter Charles Demuth , who had a national reputation in the 20th century. Additional museums include the Lancaster Museum of Art and the Philips Museum of Art on the campus of Franklin & Marshall College . Art students at the state-of-the-art Pennsylvania College of Art and Design present their works at the academy's gallery, which is open to the public. LancasterARTS, a non-profit organization founded in 2002, promotes contemporary arts and crafts. Lancaster city has

2300-402: Was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 29,770, and the median income for a family was $ 34,623. Males had a median income of $ 27,833 versus $ 21,862 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 13,955. 21.2% of the population and 17.9% of families were below

2350-464: Was integrated into its system. Most of the New Portage Railroad , just completed the previous year at a cost of $ 2.14 million, was abandoned, while short sections became local branches. The canals were abandoned, and short sections were filled and covered by rails. On January 1, 1861, the PRR leased the HPMJ&;L, giving it full control of its main line. In 1904, the New Portage Railroad east of

2400-615: Was laid out by James Hamilton in 1734. It was incorporated as a borough in 1742 and incorporated as a city in 1818. During the American Revolution , Lancaster served for one day as the temporary capital of the United States , seated at the Court House (built 1739, destroyed by fire in 1784 and rebuilt before relocating to current Lancaster County Courthouse in 1852; original site is now the Soldiers & Sailors Monument at Penn Square c. 1874), on September 27, 1777, after

2450-567: Was moved to Harrisburg , where it has remained since. U.S. census reports show that, from 1800 to 1900, Lancaster ranked among the nation's top 100 most populous urban areas. In 1851, the current Lancaster County Prison , known locally as Lancaster Castle, was built in the city but shares no visual similarities with the Lancaster Castle in England. The prison remains in use, and was used for public hangings until 1912. It replaced

2500-458: Was the winter of 2009-10 when 72 inches of snow fell and the smallest amount of snow on record was when four inches fell during the winter of 1949–50. The highest recorded January temperature was 77 °F (25 °C) on January 26, 1950, and the coldest July temperature 42 °F (6 °C) on July 4, 1918. On average, the city receives 203 days of sun a year. The shortest days of the year are between December 18 and December 25, when day length

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