Misplaced Pages

#71928

40-664: The city of Pocheon belonged to Mahan during the Samhan period and was part of Mahol during the Goguryeo period. After the Korean peninsula was unified by Silla , it was called Gyeonseong-gun ( 堅城郡 ). As Silla was absorbed by the ruling dynasty, Goryeo , the name was changed to Poju-gun ( 抱州郡 ) in 995, the 14th year of King Seongjeong's reign. During the King Hyeonjong's reign, the region belonged to Yangju-gun, Yanggwang-do. In

80-608: A study abroad program based at the campuses of two universities in China: Soochow University and Harbin Normal University . Undergraduate courses of study are divided among six colleges: Culture, Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Sciences and Engineering, and Arts. Training is also provided at the graduate level, through specialized graduate schools of Education, Industry, Business Administration and Legal Affairs. The university

120-696: A common name to refer to all of Korea. In his Ten Mandates to his descendants, Wang Geon declared that he had unified the Three Han (Samhan), referring to the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Samhan continued to be a common name for Korea during the Joseon period and was widely referenced in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty . In China, the Three Kingdoms of Korea were collectively called Samhan since

160-463: A ruling elite, whose power was a mix of politics and shamanism . Although each state appears to have had its own ruler, there is no evidence of systematic succession . The name of the poorly understood Jin state continued to be used in the name of the Jinhan confederacy and in the name "Byeonjin," an alternate term for Byeonhan. In addition, for some time the leader of Mahan continued to call himself

200-557: Is 1,368 mm (53.9 in). The population of the city was generally seen as being stagnant until the 1980s. Later on, when apartment buildings were constructed in Pocheon-dong, Seondan-dong, and Soheul-myeon, and small and medium-sized factories were established in Sinbuk-myeon and Gasan-myeon, its population increased. 70 percent of the total area is forest, while arable land only accounts for 18.5 percent. The area with

240-718: Is a Sino-Korean word meaning "three" and Han is a Korean word meaning "great (one), grand, large, much, many". Han was transliterated into Chinese characters 韓 , 漢 , 幹 , or 刊 , but is believed by foreign linguists to be unrelated to the Han in Han Chinese and the Chinese kingdoms and dynasties also called Han (漢) and Han (韓). The word Han is still found in many Korean words such as Hangawi (한가위) — archaic native Korean for Chuseok (秋夕, 추석), Hangaram (한가람) — archaic native Korean for Hangang (漢江, 한강), Hanbat (한밭) —

280-651: Is also held annually. Lovely, colorful lights create romantic spaces, and the fantastic appearance of the white-colored buildings create the illusion of being in a foreign country. There are a variety of aroma stores, hub museums, and herb cafes. The festival offers various events about Christmas. It reminds tourists of the Christmas in Europe. Pocheon is twinned with: 37°53′41″N 127°12′01″E  /  37.894736°N 127.200172°E  / 37.894736; 127.200172 Samhan Samhan , or Three Han ,

320-650: Is also quite likely that their boundaries changed over time. Samguk Sagi indicates that Mahan was located in the northern region later occupied by Goguryeo , Jinhan in the region later occupied by Silla , and Byeonhan in the southwestern region later occupied by Baekje . However, the earlier Chinese Records of the Three Kingdoms places Mahan in the southwest, Jinhan in the southeast, and Byeonhan between them. Villages were usually constructed deep in high mountain valleys, where they were relatively secure from attack. Mountain fortresses were also often constructed as places of refuge during war. The minor states which made up

360-560: Is generally accepted as including Sillan , and may also have included the language(s) spoken in Baekje . A number of researchers have suggested that Baekje may have been bilingual, with the ruling class speaking a Puyŏ language and the commoners speaking a Han language. Linguistic evidence suggests that Japonic languages (see Peninsular Japonic ) were spoken in large parts of the southern Korean Peninsula , but its speakers were eventually assimilated by Koreanic-speaking peoples and

400-728: Is the collective name of the Byeonhan , Jinhan , and Mahan confederacies that emerged in the first century BC during the Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea , or Samhan, period. Located in the central and southern regions of the Korean Peninsula , the Samhan confederacies eventually merged and developed into the Baekje, Gaya, and Silla kingdoms. The name "Samhan" also refers to the Three Kingdoms of Korea . Sam ( 三 )

440-794: The 3rd century, when the Yamatai federation of Kyūshū gained monopolistic control over Japanese trade with Byeonhan. Daejin University Daejin University ( Korean :  대진대학교 ) is a private university located in Pocheon , Gyeonggi Province , South Korea. It was founded by Daesun Jinrihoe in November 1991 and opened in March 1992. The university operates Daejin University China Campus,

SECTION 10

#1732780961072

480-710: The 4th century, Mahan was fully absorbed into the Baekje kingdom, Jinhan into the Silla kingdom, and Byeonhan into the Gaya confederacy , which was later annexed by Silla. Beginning in the 7th century, the name "Samhan" became synonymous with the Three Kingdoms of Korea. The "Han" in the names of the Korean Empire , Daehan Jeguk , and the Republic of Korea (South Korea), Daehan Minguk or Hanguk , are named in reference to

520-515: The Chinese commanderies in 108 BC. The Samhan languages ( Korean : 삼한어; 三韓語) were a branch of the ancient Koreanic languages , referring to the non-Buyeo Koreanic languages, once spoken in the southern Korean Peninsula , which were closely related to the Buyeo languages . The Samhan languages were spoken in the Mahan , Byeonhan and Jinhan . The extent of Han languages is unclear. It

560-597: The Gakhol Cultural Festival, Banwol Cultural Festival, Sanjeong Lake, and Myeongseong Mountain Festival. The Sanjeong Lake Festival, held every October since 1997, is a representative cultural festival of Pocheon in regards to nature, involving Sanjeong Lake and Myeongseong Mountain. It hosts an amateur photography competition and offers various traditional performances and local special foods and drinks. The Herb Island Lighting & Illumination Festival

600-632: The King of Jin, asserting nominal overlordship over all of the Samhan confederations. Mahan was the largest and earliest developed of the three confederacies. It consisted of 54 minor statelets, one of which conquered or absorbed the others and became the center of the Baekje Kingdom. Mahan is usually considered to have been located in the southwest of the Korean peninsula, covering Jeolla , Chungcheong , and portions of Gyeonggi . Jinhan consisted of 12 statelets, one of which conquered or absorbed

640-416: The Korean peninsula. These were exchanged for local iron or raw silk . After the 2nd century CE, as Chinese influence waned, iron ingots came into use as currency for the trade based around Jinhan and Byeonhan. Trade relations also existed with the emergent states of Japan at this time, most commonly involving the exchange of ornamental Japanese bronzeware for Korean iron. These trade relations shifted in

680-648: The Pocheoncheon stream running through Pocheon-dong and Seondan-dong areas and the Ildongcheon stream passing through Ildong-myeon. The two streams merge into Yeongpyeongcheon which passes Auraji Ferry in Sindap-ri, Yeoncheon county and finally ends up to reach Hantan River . The other main water source, Sannaecheonm, runs through Choseong-ri village, Yeoncheon county and also reaches Hantan River. The two stream areas are relatively wide, so that it enables for

720-512: The Tang dynasty, including those belonging to Baekje, Goguryeo, and Silla refugees and migrants, called the Three Kingdoms of Korea "Samhan", especially Goguryeo. For example, the epitaph of Go Hyeon ( 고현 ; 高玄 ), a Tang dynasty general of Goguryeo origin who died in 690, calls him a "Liaodong Samhan man" ( 요동 삼한인 ; 遼東 三韓人 ). The History of Liao equates Byeonhan to Silla, Jinhan to Buyeo, and Mahan to Goguryeo. In 1897, Gojong changed

760-474: The Three Kingdoms of Korea, not the ancient confederacies in the southern Korean Peninsula. "Samhan" became a name for the Three Kingdoms of Korea beginning in the 7th century. According to the Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa , Silla implemented a national policy, "Samhan Unification" ( 삼한일통 ; 三韓一統 ), to integrate Baekje and Goguryeo refugees. In 1982, a memorial stone dating back to 686

800-568: The areas of Sanbuk-myeon, Yeongbuk-myeon, Ildong-myeon, and Hwahyeo-myeon to attract tourists. The Korea National Arboretum , commonly known as Gwangneung Arboretum, is located in the village of Jikdong-ril, Soheul-eup. It is the biggest arboretum in South Korea. It is also known to be a home to white bellied black woodpeckers . The arboretum also houses the Gwangneung Forest Museum and Gwangneung Forest Beach. As of 2003,

840-497: The beginning of the 7th century. The use of the name Samhan to indicate the Three Kingdoms of Korea was widespread in the Tang dynasty . Goguryeo was alternately called Mahan by the Tang dynasty, as evidenced by a Tang document that called Goguryeo generals "Mahan leaders" ( 마한추장 ; 馬韓酋長 ) in 645. In 651, Emperor Gaozong of Tang sent a message to the king of Baekje referring to the Three Kingdoms of Korea as Samhan. Epitaphs of

SECTION 20

#1732780961072

880-641: The city and Idong-myeon. In Pocheon there are three general hospitals, 39 health clinics, 16 dental clinics, and 11 traditional Korean clinics. In addition, one public health center, and 12 affiliated branches provide healthcare to the residents. a public general hospital " Gyeonggi Medical Center Pocheon Hospital" is located. Pocheon has three institutions of tertiary education , which are Daejin University , CHA University , and Gyeongbok College. It also has 30 elementary schools, 12 middle schools, and 6 high schools. Spring water spots are developed largely in

920-590: The city reported that it had not only one Treasure and a Historical Site designated by the state government, but also 15 properties designated to be as such by Gyeonggi province including four tangible and one intangible cultural properties, two cultural documents, and 8 surveyors. Gallery Sansawon is a traditional Korean brewery. It houses more than 1,000 historical documents and Korean alcohol-related items, with free samples of 10 different kinds of traditional alcoholic drinks and food items, such as alcohol bread and crackers to Yakgwa and yeot . Pocheon annually hosts

960-408: The city, roughly 2,166 small and medium-sized manufacturers produce textiles and metal products. The commerce is developed mainly in Pocheon-dong and Seondan-dong. The Sin-eup 5 day market is held every fifth and tenth day of the month and garners a lot of customers. Pocheon makgeolli (unfiltered rice wine) and Idong galbi (marinated short ribs) are nationwide famous local specialties named after

1000-886: The city. Ginseng and pine nuts are also often harvested due to the geographical features. The cultivation of apples and Korean pears in Yeongbuk-myeon has been famous for many years. The livestock industry is active in Sinbuk-meyon, especially in areas such as raising Han-u (Korean traditional cattle) and pigs and in Hwahyeon-myeon. Various types of minerals are produced in Pocheon such as feldspar in Naechon-myeon, coal , graphite , silica , gold, silver, and copper in Sinbuk-myeon and Changsu-myeon and iron ore , and limestone in Yeongbuk-myeon. In

1040-460: The federations are usually considered to have covered about as much land as a modern-day myeon , or township. Based on historical and archeological records, river and sea routes appear to have been the primary means of long-distance transportation and trade (Yi, 2001, p. 246). It is thus not surprising that Jinhan and Byeonhan, with their coastal and river locations, became particularly prominent in international trade during this time. One of

1080-745: The heads of the confederacies as such. In the beginning, the relationship was a political trading system in which "tribute" was exchanged for titles or prestige gifts. Official seals identified each tribal leader's authority to trade with the commandery. However, after the fall of the Kingdom of Wei in the 3rd century, San guo zhi reports that the Lelang commandery handed out official seals freely to local commoners, no longer symbolizing political authority (Yi, 2001, p. 245). The Chinese commanderies also supplied luxury goods and consumed local products. Later Han dynasty coins and beads are found throughout

1120-429: The languages replaced/supplanted. Evidence also suggests that Peninsular Japonic and Koreanic languages co-existed in the southern Korean Peninsula for an extended period of time and influenced each other. As has been suggested for the later Korean kingdom of Baekje , it is possible that the Samhan states were bilingual prior to the complete replacement of Peninsular Japonic by Koreanic languages. The Samhan saw

1160-462: The lowest percentage of cultivatable area Idong-myeon with 6.5 percent in contrast to the highest region being Gasan-myeon with 39.6%. The main crops produced in Pocheon include rice and barley as well as sesame and perilla as local specialties. Sesames are produced in Ildong-myeon on a large scale, as is Perilia in Yeongbuk-myeon. In addition, oyster mushroom and poultry farming are active in

1200-451: The modern-day Jeolla area emerged as a center of rice production (Kim, 1974). Until the rise of Goguryeo , the external relations of Samhan were largely limited to the Chinese commanderies located in the former territory of Gojoseon . The longest standing of these, the Lelang commandery , appear to have maintained separate diplomatic relations with each individual state rather than with

1240-465: The most prominent leader of the Han ( Korean : 한; 韓) Immigration was King Jun of Gojoseon from the northern Korea, having lost the throne to Wiman , fled to the state of Jin in southern Korea around 194 - 180 BC. He and his followers established Mahan which was one of the Samhan ("Three Hans"), along with Byeonhan and Jinhan . Further Han(韓) migration followed the fall of Gojoseon and establishment of

Pocheon - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-523: The name of Joseon to the Korean Empire , Daehan Jeguk , in reference to the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In 1919, the provisional government in exile during the Japanese occupation declared the name of Korea as the Republic of Korea, Daehan Minguk , also in reference to the Three Kingdoms of Korea. The Samhan are generally considered loose confederations of walled-town states. Each appears to have had

1320-503: The next ruling dynasty, Joseon, the region was named Pocheon-gun after the eight province system was established in 1413. The peak of the Gwangju Mountains stretches from the northeast of Pocheon to the southeast. Except for the Pocheon basin , most regions of the city consist of high mountains. Pocheon has two main water sources; Yeongpyeongcheon stream and Sannaecheon stream. The tributaries of Yeongpyeongcheon stream are

1360-463: The original place name in native Korean for Daejeon (大田, 대전), hanabi (하나비) — a Joseon -era (Late Middle Korean) word for "grandfather; elderly man" (most often 할아버지 harabeoji in present-day Korean, although speakers of some dialects, especially in North Korea, may still use the form hanabi ). Ma means south, Byeon means shining and Jin means east. Many historians have suggested that

1400-638: The others and became the center of the Silla Kingdom. It is usually considered to have been located to the east of the Nakdong River valley. Byeonhan consisted of 12 statelets, which later gave rise to the Gaya confederacy , subsequently annexed by Silla . It is usually considered to have been located in the south and west of the Nakdong River valley. The exact locations occupied by the different Samhan confederations are disputed. It

1440-489: The residents to use as cultivation places and resident places. Pocheon is located inland, so its weather shows a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dwa ) with cold, dry winters and hot, rainy summers. The annual average temperature is 11.4 °C (52.5 °F). The coldest month is January with an average minimum temperature of −7.3 °C (18.9 °F) while the hottest month is August with an average temperature of 25.3 °C (77.5 °F). The annual average rainfall

1480-431: The systematic introduction of iron into the southern Korean peninsula. This was taken up with particular intensity by the Byeonhan states of the Nakdong River valley, which manufactured and exported iron armor and weapons throughout Northeast Asia. The introduction of iron technology also facilitated growth in agriculture, as iron tools made the clearing and cultivation of land much easier. It appears that at this time

1520-414: The time of the fall of Gojoseon in northern Korea in 108 BC. Kim Bu-sik 's Samguk Sagi , one of the two representative history books of Korea, mentions that people of Jin Han are migrants from Gojoseon, which suggests that early Han tribes who came to Southern Korean peninsula are originally Gojoseon people; this coincides with the state of Jin in southern Korea also disappearing from written records. By

1560-493: The word Han might have been pronounced as Gan or Kan . The Silla language had a usage of this word for king or ruler as found in the words 마립간 (麻立干; Maripgan) and 거서간 / 거슬한 (居西干 / 居瑟邯; Geoseogan / Geoseulhan ). Alexander Vovin suggests this word is related to the Mongolian Khan and Manchurian Han meaning ruler, and the ultimate origin is Xiongnu and Yeniseian . The Samhan are thought to have formed around

1600-583: Was discovered in Cheongju with an inscription: "The Three Han were unified and the domain was expanded." During the Later Silla period, the concepts of Samhan as the ancient confederacies and the Three Kingdoms of Korea were merged. In a letter to an imperial tutor of the Tang dynasty, Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn equated Byeonhan to Baekje, Jinhan to Silla, and Mahan to Goguryeo. By the Goryeo period, Samhan became

#71928