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82-553: All state Military Police and Military Firefighters Corps are classed as reserve troops and ancillary forces of the Brazilian Army . In time of war (or other emergencies) the military police forces can be pressed into federal service. But they remain distinct from the provosts belonging to the other services within the Brazilian Military: the corps Army Police ( Portuguese : Polícia do Exército, PE ) for

164-707: A climbing harness . Today it is not as strong and only serves as a ceremonial item. There are only two models of belts: The Inspectorate General of Military Police is a command element of the Brazilian Army , responsible for coordinating and conducting activities of control over the Military Police and Military Firefighters Corps of the States. It is part of the Land Operations Command ( Portuguese : Comando de Operações Terrestres ) and its mission is: Established on July 8, 2004, during

246-574: A Mason), the bill was not ratified. The bishops refused to obey the law and were arrested. In 1875, thanks to the intervention of the Duke of Caxias , the bishops received an imperial pardon and were released. However, in the episode, the image of the Empire was worn next to the Catholic Church. This was an aggravating factor in the crisis of the monarchy, since the support of the Catholic Church to

328-633: A communication, informing him of the proclamation of the republic and ordering his departure for Europe , in order to avoid political upheavals. The Brazilian Imperial Family was exiled in Europe, only being allowed to return to Brazil in 1920 by President Epitácio Pessoa . The following is the proclamation of the republic as contained in a message from the United States Ambassador to Brazil , Robert Adams Jr. , to James G. Blaine , US Secretary of State : Fellow citizens: The people,

410-589: A false argument that finally convinced the old marshal to proclaim the Republic on the 16th and to exile the Imperial Family by night, in order to avoid an eventual popular commotion. Convinced that he would be arrested by the imperial government, Deodoro left his residence at dawn on November 15, crossed the Campo de Santana , and on the other side of the park called the soldiers of the battalion there, where

492-426: A monarchist, head the revolutionary movement that would replace the monarchy with the republic. After much insistence from the revolutionaries, Deodoro da Fonseca agreed to lead the military movement. According to historical accounts, on November 15, 1889, commanding a few hundred soldiers moving through the streets of Rio de Janeiro, Marshal Deodoro, as well as a large part of the military, intended only to overthrow

574-661: A reunification of the kingdoms. The Guard of Volunteers were then transformed into Province Police Corps , with professional troops. The Police Corps were created with the same structure as the Army, and to serve as reserve troops when necessary. With the fall of the Empire , the First Brazilian Republic adopted a constitution based on the United States' one, where the federal states have a large degree of autonomy. The Police Corps began to be administered by

656-520: A strong republic headed by a dictator. During the Paraguayan War, the Brazilian military's contact with the reality of its South American neighbors led them to reflect on the relationship between political regimes and social problems. From this, a greater interest for the republican ideal and Brazilian economic and social development began to develop, both among the career military and among

738-522: A vote. The text went to the newspaper charts that supported the cause, and, only the next day, November 16, was announced to the people the change of the political regime of Brazil. Pedro II, who was in Petrópolis , returned to Rio de Janeiro. Thinking that the aim of the revolutionaries was only to replace the office of Ouro Preto, the Emperor still tried to organize another ministerial cabinet, under

820-641: Is a command element of the Brazilian Army , responsible for coordinating and conducting activities of control over the Military Police and Military Firefighters Corps of States. It is part of the Land Operations Command ( Portuguese : Comando de Operações Terrestres ) - COTER and its mission is: Military Firefighters Corps In Brazil , the Military Firefighters Corps ( Portuguese : Corpo de Bombeiros Militar ) are military public security forces, responsible for civil defense , firefighting and search and rescue inside

902-1146: Is also a Military Police function in some states, but they are organized in separate units called Corpo de Bombeiros Militar . State traffic police are either the State Highway Police (Polícia Rodoviária Estadual), or the Traffic Police (Polícia de Trânsito) in the larger cities. Both are part of the state Military Police. Military police are operationally structured into intermediate commands (area or specialized policing), battalions ( Portuguese : Batalhão de Polícia Militar ), companies ( Portuguese : Companhia de Polícia Militar ), platoons ( Portuguese : Pelotão de Polícia Militar ), and subdivided into detachments ( Portuguese : Destacamento de Polícia Militar ). The battalions are based in major urban centers, and their companies and platoons are distributed according to population density in cities. There are also other intermediate denominations, such as: special groups, garrisons and also independent military police companies (CIPM or Cia PM Ind) which are at

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984-589: Is also included. Arms and equipment of state forces include machine guns and armored cars, in addition to other items generally associated with police. Article 144 of the constitution stipulates that: "The Military Police forces and the Military Firefighters Corps, ancillary forces and army reserve, are subordinate, along with the Civil Police forces, to the governors of the states, Federal District, and territories." Between 1969 and 1985,

1066-505: Is known by the acronym PM (for Policia Militar ), followed by the abbreviation of the State, except in the State of Rio Grande do Sul , where the unit is known as BM (for Brigada Militar , "Military Brigade"). These forces are distinct from the three provost forces that police the Brazilian armed forces: The Brazilian Armed Forces inherited Portuguese military traditions and during

1148-401: Is the case of the thesis defended by Maria Tereza Chaves de Mello (A República Consentida, FGV Publisher, EDUR, 2007), which indicates that the republic, before and after the proclamation, was popularly seen as a political regime that would bring about development, in a broad sense, to the country, although the common people did not want to change the regime of government. After the abolition of

1230-466: Is to guarantee by public order the liberty and the rights of citizens. To compose this Government until the sovereign nation by means of competent organs shall proceed to the choice of a definitive Government, the undersigned citizens have been chosen by the chief of the executive power. Fellow citizens: The provisional government, simply a temporary agent of the national sovereignty, is the government of peace, of liberty, of fraternity, and of order. In

1312-1057: The Army , Police Company of the Naval Battalion ( Companhia de Polícia do Batalhão Naval ) for the Navy , and Air Force Police ( Portuguese : Polícia da Aeronáutica, PA ) for the Air Force . The Military Police was founded in 1809 by the Portuguese Crown with the Military Division of the Royal Police Guard in Rio de Janeiro , based on the model of the Gendarmerie created in France: a public security force that combined police and military functions. After

1394-528: The Federal Capital ( Rio de Janeiro , until 1960), was from the start completely autonomous, being created within the structure of the armed forces of the State, the former name of the current Brazilian military police . In 1915 Federal legislation authorized the incorporation of the militarized forces of the states into the Brazilian Army, in the event of national mobilization . In 1917

1476-559: The Federal Constitution . Each Federative Unit has its own Military Firefighters Corps with different structures, rules and uniforms . The first organization of firefighters was created by Emperor Pedro II in 1856. Initially the Corps was not of a military character. It was only in 1880 that the Corps was militarized and it adopted a military hierarchy . Because of cultural and linguistic affinities to France ,

1558-671: The Military Police . In 1967 the Inspectorate General of Military Police ( Portuguese : Inspetoria Geral das Polícias Militares – IGPM) was created, reporting to the Ministry of War, which is responsible for coordinating and conducting control activities over the Military Police (and Firefighters Corps). With the end of the Military Government and the institution of a new Constitution in 1988,

1640-670: The Pope could be enforced in Brazil without having been previously approved by the Emperor (Regal Benefict). In 1872, Vital Maria Gonçalves de Oliveira and Antônio de Macedo Costa, bishops of Olinda and Belém respectively, decided to follow on their own the orders of Pope Pius IX , which excluded the Freemasons from the church. As members of high influence in monarchic Brazil were Freemasons (some books also mention Dom Pedro II himself as

1722-726: The Proclamation of the Republic , these police forces were subject to state authorities, where they had a role not only in policing, but also in warfare, to face the various revolts and rebellions during the period of the Old Republic. These " small state armies " had larger contingents than the federal military forces themselves — the Public Force of São Paulo , for example, had artillery and military aviation divisions — and occasionally these state armies clashed with federal forces in some incidents. The name "Military Police"

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1804-728: The Regency held reformulations on the Brazilian Armed Forces . The Royal Guard Police of Rio de Janeiro was abolished, and replaced by the Municipal Guard Corps of Volunteers ; a type of security force similar to the French National Guard . The same law allowed each province to establish its own Guard of Volunteers . In 1834 Pedro I died in Portugal and this reduced the fear in Brazil of

1886-534: The federative units . Since 1915, it has been a military reserve force and an auxiliary force of the Brazilian Army , also composing the Single System of Public Security ( Brazilian Portuguese : Sistema Único de Segurança Pública ). Members of the Military Firefighters Corps, such as the members of the Military Police , are designated as being part of the military of the Federative Units by

1968-475: The 14th, the conspirators issued a rumor that the government had arrested Benjamin Constant Botelho de Magalhães and Deodoro da Fonseca. Later it was confirmed that it was even rumor. Thus, the revolutionaries anticipated the coup, and in the early hours of November 15, Deodoro was willing to lead the movement of army troops that put an end to the monarchist regime in Brazil. The conspirators went to

2050-500: The 7th National Firefighters Conference, the National League is mandated to, among others support all national civil defense and security policies, enforce civil defense laws and regulations, and promote the latest technological advances in firefighting. Note: The Military Firefighters Corps of São Paulo is still operated by its homonymous Military Police . Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil) The Proclamation of

2132-487: The Brazilian slave trade in 1850, the issue of complete abolition of slavery in Brazil became a subject of significant debate, facing resistance among the country's traditional agrarian elites. The Empire had adopted measures that would lead to the gradual extinction of the slave regime, but the elites, watching with concern the events of the American Civil War , demanded from the State reparations proportional to

2214-686: The Brigade of Police and the Firefighters Corps of the Federal Capital were officially considered part of the military reserve; condition that to continuation extended to the States. In this period the Firefighters Corps, as members of the military forces of the States, fought in the main conflicts that resulted in present-day Brazil. This situation was altered again after the Revolutions of 1930 and 1932 ; demilitarization of

2296-589: The CBMs was imposed by the Federal Government in 1934 to diminish the power of the military forces of the States, which threatened the balance of power in the country. With the end of World War II , and the fall of the Estado Novo ( Portuguese : New State ), the forces in the States reverted to full State control; once again allowing the militarization of the CBMs, since these were incorporated into

2378-578: The Duke de Caxias Palace is now located, to rebel against the government. They offered a horse to the marshal, who rode on it, and, according to testimony, took off his hat and proclaimed, "Long live the Republic!" Then he alighted, crossed the park again, and returned to his residence. The demonstration continued with a parade of troops on Direita street until the Imperial Palace. Recent studies indicate that Marshal Deodoro shouted, "Long live His Majesty

2460-537: The Emperor had chosen Gaspar da Silveira Martins , political enemy of Deodoro da Fonseca since Rio Grande do Sul, to be the new head of government. Deodoro da Fonseca then persuaded himself to join the Republican cause. The Emperor was informed of this and, disillusioned, decided not to offer resistance: If it is so, it will be my retirement. I have worked too hard and I am tired. I will go rest then. The next day, Major Frederico Solon de Sampaio Ribeiro gave Pedro II

2542-551: The Emperor!" however, for until then he was convinced to testify to the cabinet, not to proclaim the republic, and only did so when it was falsely told that his rival would take the Position. The rioters occupied the headquarters of Rio de Janeiro and then the Ministry of War. They deposed the Cabinet and arrested their president, Afonso Celso de Assis Figueiredo, Viscount Ouro Preto. In the Imperial Palace, Viscount de Ouro Preto,

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2624-424: The Emperor's legitimacy was distinct from that of the imperial regime: While, on the one hand, the population generally respected and loved Emperor Pedro II, on the other hand, it less and less liked the Empire. In this sense, it was a common voice at the time that there would be no third reign, that is, the monarchy would not continue to exist after the death of Pedro II, whether due to the lack of political support of

2706-642: The Empire at the time, when a group of military officers of the Imperial Army , led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca , staged a coup d'état without the use of violence, deposing Emperor Pedro II and the President of the Council of Ministers of the Empire , the Viscount of Ouro Preto . A provisional government was established that same day, 15th of November, with Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca as President of

2788-662: The Military Firefighter adopted an organisation similar to that of the Sapeurs-pompiers of Paris ; who were classified as military engineers , and organized to serve as pioneers or sappers when necessary. With the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, the States that were financially better off were able to constitute their own Firefighters Corps. On the other hand, the Firefighters Corps of

2870-575: The Military Police. This applies only to service uniforms, not to the formal uniform , which has different variations. The Military Police of the Brazilian States have almost the same hierarchical ranking system of the Brazilian Army, but with different insignias and with no rank of "general". Analysis by the Federal Government of the ratio of resident population to the number of official Military Police in 2003 shows that

2952-539: The Ministry of Army has controlled the Military Police during periods of declared national emergency. Before 1930 these forces were under individual state control, and known as "the governors' armies." They sometimes outnumbered regular troops in many states. In 1932, after Constitutionalist Revolution in São Paulo , the Federal Army took steps to reverse this situation. In 1964 most Military Police members were on

3034-520: The National Council of Public Security (Conselho Nacional de Segurança Pública - CONASP). According to Article 144 of the federal constitution, the function of the Military Police "is to serve as a conspicuous police force and to preserve public order." The Military Police of any state are organized as a military force and have a military-based rank structure. Training is weighted more heavily toward police matters, but counterinsurgency training

3116-679: The National Public Security Force ( Portuguese : Força Nacional de Segurança Pública ; FNSP ), a national gendarmeire composed of selected MP personnel and constables from state military police commands. The FNSP is composed of specially trained officers and other ranks of the Military Police of different States, in coordination between the Secretary of Public Safety of each State and the Ministry of Justice. The Inspectorate General of Military Police ( Portuguese : Inspetoria Geral das Polícias Militares ) - IGPM

3198-534: The Paraguayan War. However, General Floriano Peixoto refused to obey the orders given by the Viscount of Ouro Preto and thus justified his insubordination, responding to the Viscount of Ouro Preto: Yes, but there (in Paraguay) we had enemies in front and here we are all Brazilians! Then, adhering to the republican movement, Floriano Peixoto gave a prison sentence to the head of government. The only one wounded in

3280-511: The Republic ( Portuguese : Proclamação da República ), Coup of 1889 ( Golpe de 1889 ), or Coup of the Republic ( Golpe da República ) was a military coup d'état that established the First Brazilian Republic on November 15, 1889. It took over the constitutional monarchy of the Empire of Brazil and ended the reign of Emperor Pedro II . The coup took place in Rio de Janeiro , the capital of

3362-584: The Republic and head of the interim Government. From the 1870s, in the aftermath of the Paraguayan War (also called the War of the Triple Alliance, 1864-1870), some sectors of the elite transitioned into opposition to the current political regime. Factors that influenced this movement included: The 37th and last ministerial cabinet of the imperial government was inaugurated on June 7, 1889, under

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3444-509: The States were granted autonomy to administer their security forces as best suited them. The majority opted to separate the Firefighters Corps from the Military Police. The term "Military" was inserted in 1990 to distinguish the Military Firefighters Corps from organizations of civilian and voluntary firefighters . Starting 2013, the MFC also has full operational duties over the civilian private firefighting academies in order to combat corruption in

3526-403: The annual income of the people, the absence of a system of universal education, high rates of illiteracy and misery, and the political withdrawal of Brazil from all other countries on the continent, which were republican. Thus, at the same time that imperial legitimacy was declined, the republican proposal - perceived as meaning social progress - gained space. However, it is important to note that

3608-473: The army, and the navy, in perfect harmony of sentiment with our fellow-citizens resident in the provinces, have just decreed the dethronement of the Imperial dynasty, and consequently the extinction of the representative monarchical system of government. As an immediate result of this national revolution, of a character wholly patriotic, a provisional government has just been instituted, whose principal mission

3690-587: The attention of the Baroness of Triunfo, a very beautiful and elegant widow who, according to the reports of the time, had preferred Silveira Martins. Since then, Silveira Martins did not miss an opportunity to provoke Deodoro from the Senate floor, insinuating that he misused funds and even challenging his effectiveness as a military leader. In addition, Major Frederico Solon de Sampaio Ribeiro had told Deodoro that an alleged arrest warrant had been issued against him,

3772-410: The chairmanship of the councilor José Antônio Saraiva . The Emperor, in Petropolis, was informed and decided to go down to the Court. Upon learning of the coup, the Emperor acknowledged the fall of the Ouro Preto Cabinet and sought to announce a new name to replace the Viscount of Ouro Preto. However, since nothing had been said about Republic until then, the most exalted Republicans spread the rumor that

3854-456: The civil fire services. In all of Brazil, the emergency telephone number of the Military Firefighters Corps is one, nine, three (193). It is a toll-free call. The Gymnastic belt ( Portuguese : cinto ginástico ) is one of the essential elements of the uniforms of the Military Firefighters Corps; which has been used with few modifications, since 1887. At first the belt was reinforced, made of cotton and leather , enabling it to serve as

3936-406: The civilians called to fight in the conflict. Thus, it was no coincidence that Republican propaganda had, by its initial mark, the publication of the Republican Manifesto  [ pt ] in 1870 (the year in which the Paraguayan War ended), followed by the Itu Convention  [ pt ] in 1873 and the emergence of Republican clubs, which multiplied, since then, in the main centers in

4018-441: The command of the President of the Council of Ministers of the Empire , Afonso Celso de Assis Figueiredo, the Viscount of Ouro Preto of the Liberal Party . Finding himself in a difficult political situation, he presented a program of political reforms to the Chamber of Deputies in a last desperate attempt to save the Empire. These reforms included, among others, the following measures: greater autonomy and administrative freedom for

4100-450: The compensation of the slaveholders. On the part of the progressive groups, there was the criticism that the monarchy had maintained, until very late, slavery in the country (Brazil being the last country in the Americas to abolish it). Progressives also criticized the absence of initiatives aimed at the economic, political or social development of the country, the maintenance of a political regime of caste and census voting, that is, based on

4182-418: The country. In addition, various groups were heavily influenced by Freemasonry (Deodoro da Fonseca was a Freemason, as well as his entire ministry) and Auguste Comte 's positivism , especially after 1881, when the Positivist Church of Brazil  [ pt ] emerged. Its directors, Miguel Lemos and Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, initiated a strong abolitionist and republican campaign. Republican propaganda

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4264-470: The episode of the proclamation of the republic was the Baron of Ladario, Minister of the Navy, who resisted the arrest warrant given by the mutineers and was shot. It is said that Deodoro did not address criticism of the Emperor Pedro II and that he hesitated in his words. Despite this, it was known that Deodoro da Fonseca was with Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Constant at his side and that there were some civilian republican leaders at that time. But Deodoro favored

4346-408: The khaki. During the Military Government in 1976, the Army suggested that the Military Police adopt the blue color (color of the uniform of the Military Police of the Federal District). Since then, some units have changed their uniforms while others have not. Currently the color khaki (with variations to beige ) and blue (with variations of gray to dark blue) prevail in the colors of the uniforms of

4428-435: The last minute" or "Republicans of May 13". The imperial regime's downfall was in many ways tied to slavery. In the view of the progressives, the Empire of Brazil was very slow to act on slavery, which undoubtedly undermined its legitimacy over the years. Then the former slaveholders, after being denied compensation, turned to the Republican cause. Shortly after Princess Isabel signed the Golden Law, João Maurício Vanderlei ,

4510-443: The life-term of the senate is hereby abolished, and also the council of state. The chamber of deputies is dissolved. Fellow-citizens: The provisional government recognizes and will respect all national obligations contracted during the previous regimen, treaties subsisting with foreign powers, the public debt, external and internal, existing contracts, and further obligations legally contracted. Aristides da Silveira Lobo, Minister of

4592-468: The limitations required by the safety of the country and defense of the Government proclaimed by the people, by the army, and by the navy. Fellow-citizens: The functions of ordinary justice, as well as of civil and military administration, will continue to be exercised by the officials hitherto employed in relation to all acts, in the fullness of their effects; in relation to persons, the advantages and rights acquired by each functionary will be respected; but

4674-415: The lowest, with 822 residents per officer. Note that in the case of São Paulo and Paraná the numbers of the Military Firefighters Corps are included in the figures for Military Police. In situations of serious disturbance of public order that exceeds the capacity of the States, their Governors can request assistance from the Federal Government . To work in such situations, the Ministry of Justice has

4756-407: The monarchical regime itself or due to the concerns about the succession by a woman, Princess Isabel, in a still very misogynistic society. The prince consort, husband of Princess Isabel, the French Count d'Eu, was hard of hearing, spoke with a French accent, and, moreover, owned slums in Rio, for which he supposedly collected exorbitant rents from poor people. It was feared that, when Isabel ascended

4838-422: The monarchy was always essential to its subsistence. The military (the Imperial Brazilian Army) was dissatisfied with the prior restraint on speech imposed by the monarchy on military officers, by which its officers could not express themselves in the press without the prior authorization of the Minister of War . The military did not have autonomy of decision-making on the defense of the territory, being subject to

4920-450: The only senator of the empire who voted against the project of abolishing slavery, said: "Her Highness redeemed a race but lost the throne". However, the Republican and black journalist José do Patrocínio celebrated the princess' action, dubbing her "The Redeemer". From the colonial period , the Catholic Church, as institution, was submitted to the state. This was maintained after independence and meant, among other things, that no order of

5002-456: The orders of the Emperor and the Cabinet of Ministers, formed by civilians, that they surpassed to the orders of the generals. Thus, in the Empire, most war ministers were civilians. In addition, the Brazilian Army soldiers often felt discredited and disrespected. On the one hand, the rulers of the empire were civilians, whose selection was extremely elitist and whose formation was bachelora, but that resulted in positions highly paid and valued; On

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5084-399: The other hand, the military opted for a more democratic and technical selection, but its officers did not receive professional valorization or political, social or economic recognition. Promotions were hard to come by and were based on personal criteria rather than on merit and/or seniority. The Paraguayan War, in addition to spreading republican ideals, showed the military this devaluation of

5166-413: The period of the Empire and part of the Republic , with few exceptions, dark blue uniforms were used. In 1903 the Brazilian Army opted for khaki colored field uniforms , later copied by the Military Police. In 1934 the Ministry of War established khaki as the color for all reserve forces . After the Second World War, the Military Police had the autonomy to adopt its own uniforms, but most stayed with

5248-450: The political strategies for the implementation of the republic and also the substantive content of the regime to be established, the general idea common to both groups were that the republic should be a progressive, opposed to the "exhausted" monarchy. Thus, the proposal of the new regime was of a revolutionary social character and not only of a mere exchange of rulers. In Rio de Janeiro, Republicans insisted that Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca ,

5330-443: The president of the cabinet (prime minister), had been trying to resist asking the commander of the local detachment and responsible for the security of the Imperial Palace, General Floriano Peixoto , to confront the mutineers, explaining to General Floriano Peixoto that there were enough legalist troops on the scene to defeat the rioters. The Viscount of Ouro Preto reminded Floriano Peixoto that he had faced much more numerous troops in

5412-402: The professional career, which continued and even intensified after the end of the war. The result was the perception, on the part of the military, that they sacrificed themselves for a regime that little considered them and that gave more attention to the Navy of Brazil . Simultaneously the military suffered a strong positivist influence that spread to the military schools. They became desirous of

5494-524: The proportion is quite varied among the states. The states of Roraima , Amapá , Acre , Rondônia , Rio Grande do Norte and Rio de Janeiro , plus the Federal District have a higher proportion of Military Police. In the Federal District, for example, for each military police there are one hundred and thirty-seven inhabitants. At the opposite extreme, the states with the lowest ratio of military police are Pará , Maranhão , Piauí , Ceará , Mato Grosso do Sul , Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul . Maranhão has

5576-422: The provinces (a federal system ), universal suffrage , freedom of education, reduction the Council of State's powers, and non-lifelong mandates for the Imperial Senate. His proposals aimed at preserving the monarchical regime in the country, but they were vetoed by the majority of conservative deputies who controlled the General Chamber. On 15 November 1889, the republic was proclaimed by the positivist troops, with

5658-420: The republic only after the death of the Emperor: "I would like to carry the coffin of the Emperor," he said. On the afternoon of November 15, at the City Hall of Rio de Janeiro, the Republic was solemnly proclaimed. At night, in the Municipal Council of the Neutral Municipality, Rio de Janeiro, José do Patrocínio drafted the official proclamation of the Republic of the United States of Brazil , approved without

5740-419: The residence of Marshal Deodoro, who was sick with dyspnea , and they finally convinced him to lead the movement. Apparently decisive for Deodoro was to know that, as of November 20, the new President of the Council of Ministers of the Empire would be Silveira Martins, an old rival. Deodoro and Silveira Martins had been enemies since the time when the marshal had served in Rio Grande do Sul , when both fought for

5822-414: The same level of administrative autonomy as the battalions; having, however, smaller personnel and policing areas. The mounted police is organized into regiments ( Portuguese : Regimento de Polícia Montada ), subdivided into squadrons ( Portuguese : Esquadrão de Polícia Montada ) and platoons of mounted police ( Portuguese : Pelotão de Polícia Montado ). Throughout Brazil the Military Police

5904-430: The side of the successful conspirators. During military dictatorship , Military Police units were often commanded by active-duty army officers, but that has occurred less frequently as professional police officers have achieved higher ranks and positions. The commandant of a state's Military Police is usually a Colonel . The command is divided into police regions, which deploy police battalions and companies. Firefighting

5986-537: The states and became small state armies , with infantry , cavalry , artillery , and later, even air forces. This danger to national security remained until the end of World War II, with the deposition of the dictatorial government of Getúlio Vargas . After World War II, the Military Police became a more "traditional" police force, similar to a gendarmerie , subject to the states. The Secretariat for Public Security (Secretaria de Segurança Pública—SSP) supervises all state police activities. The SSPs are subordinate to

6068-502: The support of the agrarian elite, who resented not being compensated for the loss of their slaves after abolition. There were many factors that led the Empire to lose the support of its economic and military bases. On the part of the conservative groups, by the serious friction with the Catholic Church ; by the loss of the political support from the large landowners due to the abolition of slavery in 1888, which occurred without

6150-593: The then Chief of the Imperial Cabinet (equivalent to the Prime Minister), the Viscount of Ouro Preto. "The main culprits of all this [the proclamation of the Republic] are Count of Eu and the Viscount of Ouro Preto: the last to persecute the Army and the first to consent to this persecution," Deodoro later wrote. The military coup, which was scheduled for November 20, 1889, had to be anticipated. On

6232-407: The throne, Brazil would be de facto ruled by a foreigner. Although the phrase of Aristides Lobo (journalist and republican leader from São Paulo , later made provisional minister), "The people witnessed bestialized" to the proclamation of the republic, has entered into history, more recent historical research has given another version to the acceptance of the republic among the Brazilian people. This

6314-474: The total price they had paid for their slaves. However, the Empire proceeded with abolishing slavery via the Golden Law (1888), and large landowners turned on the emperor and his regent, losing them their last pillar of support in Brazil. Former slaveholders joined the Republican cause not out of actual anti-imperial sentiment but as a "revenge" against the monarchy, earning them the nickname "Republicans of

6396-407: The use of the extraordinary attributions and faculties with which it is invested for the defense of the integrity of the nation and for the security of public order, the provisional government, by all the means in their reach, promise and guarantee to all the inhabitants of Brazil, native or foreign, security of life and property, respect for all rights, individual and political, except as to the latter

6478-401: Was carried out by what were later called "historic Republicans" (as opposed to those who became Republicans only after November 15, called "Nov. 16 Republicans"). The ideas of many of the republicans were published by the newspaper The Republic. According to some researchers, Republicans were divided into two main streams: Although there were differences between each of these groups as regards

6560-585: Was created to handle major security crisis. The unit, which is composed of the most qualified Military Police personnel from all federal states, is deployed in cases of major security crisis to augment local security forces by the request of local authorities. The first militarized police in Portugal (when Brazil was still a colony ) was the Royal Police Guard of Lisbon ( Portuguese : Guarda Real de Polícia de Lisboa ), established in 1801; which

6642-662: Was followed by the model of the National Gendarmerie ( French : Gendarmerie Nationale ) of France, created in 1791. When the Portuguese Royal Family was transferred to Brazil , the Royal Police Guard of Lisbon remained in Portugal, and another equivalent was created in Rio de Janeiro , under the name of Military Division of the Royal Guard Police of Rio de Janeiro , in 1809. With the abdication of Emperor Pedro I in 1831,

6724-649: Was only standardized in 1946 under the regime of Getúlio Vargas , with the new Constitution of 1946 after the Vargas Era of the Estado Novo (1937-1945). All federated units adopted the term, with the exception of Rio Grande do Sul , which still maintains the name Military Brigade ( Portuguese : Brigada Militar ) in its police force. In 2004 the National Public Security Force ( Portuguese : Força Nacional de Segurança Pública )

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