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66-598: The Police of Russia operates according to the law “ On police ” (Закон "о полиции"), as approved by the Federal Assembly , and subsequently signed into law on February 7, 2011, by the then President of the Russian Federation , Dmitry Medvedev . The system was created in order to protect public order and fight against crime in the Russian Empire . It was reorganized on March 1, 2011, under

132-413: A citizen for an hour just to verify his/her identity. Thus, on August 7, 2010, a new bill for the law “On police” was proposed (the same bill with the changed names “militsiya” to “police”). The new bill is a continuation of the opposite policy of the reform of 2002, with the goal being increased centralization. Institutions of the public security militsiya and criminal militsiya are being abolished. Unlike

198-696: A compromise, or the Duma insists on passing the bill as is , the veto of the Federation Council can be overridden, if two thirds of the Duma's constitutional composition vote in favor of the bill. The State Duma and the Federation Council usually meet separately. Joint sessions are organized when: In the mid 2000s it was suggested that the Parliamentary centre of the State Duma and Federation Council be combined into one building. In 2012,

264-528: A consultation of the Senate together with the Holy Synod accepted the intention, to his majesty, in the testimony of a proper gratitude for his high grace and paternalism and effort which he for the welfare of state in all his glorious time of ruling and especially during the past Swedish War, deigned to manifest, and all-Russian state in such a strong and good fortune, and his people subjected to such fame over

330-444: A decree that gave the police legal powers, and allowed them the right to impose penalties in criminal cases. In 1837, a regulation on the zemstvo police was issued saying that the zemstvo police chief elected by the nobility became the head of the police in the uyezd . The police officers appointed by the provincial government reported to the governor, and in turn the county or uedz police were responsible to county leaders appointed by

396-465: A district police guard was originally introduced in 46 provinces. By 1916, it extended to 50 provinces. On August 9, 1910, the Minister of Internal Affairs Pyotr Stolypin issued an instruction to the officers of the detective departments, which determined their tasks and structure. Each detective department consisted of four structural divisional desks: personal detention, searches, observations, and

462-482: A draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. The Federation Council cannot make changes in bills passed by the Duma and can either approve or reject them. If the Federation Council rejects a bill passed by the State Duma, the two chambers must form a conciliation commission to work out a compromise version of the legislation. If two chambers cannot reach

528-850: A standing committee. By a decree on August 14, 1687, the affairs of the Robber Administration were transferred to the Zemsky Administration. In April 1649, Grand Prince Alexis issued a Decree on urban policing . By this decree, in the White City (now known as Belgorod), a team was to be created under the leadership of Ivan Novikov and podyachy Vikula Panov. The detachment was supposed to maintain safety and order, as well as protect against fire. They were later betrayed by five lattice clerks and "one person from 10 yards" with roars, axes, and water pipes. Police officers in large cities were called Zemsky Yaryg. The color of

594-485: A zemstvo guard was established in the districts of the Kingdom of Poland . In 1866, St. Petersburg Chief of Police Fyodor Trepov sent a note to Alexander II , which said: “A significant gap in the institution of the metropolitan police was the absence of a special part with the special purpose of conducting research for solving crimes, finding general measures to prevent and suppress crimes. These responsibilities lay with

660-810: Is the State Duma . The assembly was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993, replacing the former Supreme Soviet of Russia . It is located in Moscow . The Chairman of the Federation Council is the third most important position after the President and the Prime Minister . In the case that both the President and the Prime Minister are incapacitated, the Speaker of

726-529: The 2003 elections , the Federal Assembly has been referred to by analysts and observers as being a rubber stamp institution . As the Russian legislature, all laws must be voted in the Federal Assembly before they are signed into law. All bills, even those proposed by the Federation Council, must first be considered by the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership,

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792-533: The Grand Prince Ivan IV established patrols around Moscow for increased security. The Sudebnik of Ivan IV transferred the cases "on guided robbers" to be under the jurisdiction of honorary elders. Before this, the Letters of Honor were awarded based on a petition of the population. These letters permitted local towns to independently manage police work. In cities, police functions were guided by

858-743: The Moscow Police . The Ober-Polizeimeister was to be appointed by the emperor from military or civilian ranks. By the instructions of July 20, 1722, the Ober-Polizeimeister supervised the protection of public peace in Moscow as head of the Moscow Police Office. Between 1729–1731 and 1762–1764, the head of the Moscow police was called the General Polizeimeister. On April 23, 1733, Empress Anna signed

924-853: The Prime Minister (Chairman of the Government), deciding the issue of confidence in the Government, appointment and dismissal of the Governor of the Central Bank , appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounts Chamber, appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights , proclamation of amnesty , advancing of charges against the President for his impeachment and others. Since

990-537: The Russian Federation, except for existing structures not related to the Ministry of Internal Affairs . In 1504, defensive obstacles called cheval de frise were installed in Moscow , under which guards drawn from the local population were stationed. The city was divided into areas, with latticed gates separating them. It was forbidden to move around the city at night, or without lighting. Subsequently,

1056-406: The grand princes of Moscow had been crowned prior to the reign of Ivan III ( r.  1462–1505 ), their coronation rituals assumed overt Byzantine overtones as the result of the influence of Ivan's wife Sophia Paleologue , and the imperial ambitions of his grandson, Ivan IV . The modern coronation style, introducing "European-style" elements, replaced the previous "crowning" ceremony and

1122-470: The mayor . The Robber Administration was first mentioned in 1571, and existed continuously until the 18th century. Written sources from Moscow have mentioned the boyars and organized robbery since 1539. Konstantin Nevolin believed that the Robber Administration was a temporary commission established to end the robberies. However, since the robberies only intensified, the temporary commission turned into

1188-486: The northern countries Master; and Lord of Iberia , Kartli , and Kabardia lands and Armenian provinces ; hereditary Sovereign and ruler of the Circassian and Mountainous Princes and of others; Lord of Turkestan ; Heir of Norway ; Duke of Schleswig - Holstein , Stormarn , Dithmarschen , and Oldenburg , and others, and others, and others. The tsar himself, the embodiment of sovereign authority, stood at

1254-770: The Grace of God, We, NN, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias , Moscow , Kiev , Vladimir , Novgorod ; Tsar of Kazan , Tsar of Astrakhan , Tsar of Poland , Tsar of Siberia , Tsar of Chersonese Taurian , Tsar of Georgia ; Lord of Pskov and Grand Prince of Smolensk , Lithuania , Volhynia , Podolia , Finland ; Prince of Estland , Livland , Courland , Semigalia , Samogitia , Belostok , Karelia , Tver , Yugra , Perm , Vyatka , Bolgar and others; Lord and Grand Prince of Nizhny Novgorod , Chernigov , Ryazan , Polotsk , Rostov , Yaroslavl , Beloozero , Udoria , Obdoria , Kondia , Vitebsk , Mstislav , and all of

1320-573: The Law on police. Thanks to everyone who participated in the discussion of this important document. The law is the first step towards updating the Ministry of Internal Affairs. On March 1, 2011, the Police Act entered into force, and as of January 1, 2012, all symbols of the police became invalid. Russian Police officers wear uniforms in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of

1386-587: The Provisional Government “On the approval of the militsiya” and "Temporary regulations on the police", issued on April 17, 1917, the "people's militia" was established. The people's militia was declared to be the executive body of state power at the local level, directly under the jurisdiction of the zemstvo and city public administrations. Simultaneously with the state militsiya, the councils of workers' deputies organized detachments of “workers' militsiya” and other armed formations, which were under

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1452-563: The Russian Federation of July 26, 2013 N 575 “On approval of the Rules for the wearing of uniforms, insignia and departmental insignia by employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation”. The insignia of special distinction of the officers of the operational regiments of the Russian police is a black beret. Employees of the tourist police wear a sleeve sign with the words “ТУРИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛИЦИЯ TOURIST POLICE”, and

1518-745: The Russian monarch, followed by the Kingdom of Sweden in 1723, the Ottoman Empire in 1739, the United Kingdom and Austria in 1742, the Holy Roman Empire , the Kingdom of France and Spain in 1745, and finally the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1764. From then on, the Russian state was referred to as the Russian Empire . On February 16, 1722, Peter I issued the Decree of Succession by which he abolished

1584-627: The Russias , was the official title of the Russian monarch from 1721 to 1917. The title originated in connection with Russia's victory in the Great Northern War (1700–1721) and appeared as an adaptation of the tsar 's title under the accepted system of titling in Europe. The title was transformed from the previous title of tsar and grand prince of all Russia . The old title tsar (or tsaritsa ) continued to be popularly used to refer to

1650-538: The adoption of the law, 130 were against, there were no abstentions. It was originally planned that the new law would come into force in January 2011, but the police in Russia officially revived on March 1, 2011. On February 7, 2011, the President tweeted a message: Russian : Подписал закон о полиции. Спасибо всем, кто участвовал в обсуждении этого важного документа. Закон — первый шаг к обновлению МВД. I've signed

1716-606: The autocracy included writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky , Mikhail Katkov , Konstantin Aksakov , Nikolay Karamzin , Konstantin Pobedonostsev and Pyotr Semyonov . They all argued that a strong and prosperous Russia needed a strong tsar and that philosophies of republicanism and liberal democracy were alien to it. Peter I realized the need to secure the position of Russia within the European states system, including

1782-554: The center of the tsarist autocracy, with full power over the state and its people. The autocrat delegated power to persons and institutions acting on his orders, and within the limits of his laws, for the common good of all Russia. The tsar was metaphorically a father and all of his subjects were his children; this metaphor even appeared in Orthodox primers , and is remembered in the common Russian expression "царь-батюшка" tsar-batyushka ("tsar-dear father"). Furthermore, contrary to

1848-466: The central federal government. According to the new law, detainees will receive the right to make a telephone call within 3 hours of their detention. They will also receive the right to have a lawyer and interpreter from the moment of their detention, and police must inform the detainee of their rights and duties. The police no longer have the right to carry out and demand checks of a company's financial and business activities. Police may also no longer detain

1914-460: The competition, which were not resolved when the contest was conducted a second time. Financing issues caused complications. Originally, the Parliamentary center was to be funded by private investors, who would in turn receive ownership of a building currently belonging to the State Duma and the Federation Council, as well as permits to tear it down and replace the building with their own development projects (such as hotels). An objection to this plan

1980-493: The deputy general police chief, 4 officers, and 36 lower ranks. A diak and ten podyachys kept office work in the Main Police Station Office. The police not only kept order in the city, but also carried out several economic functions and were engaged in the improvement of the city, such as paving streets, draining swampy places, and garbage collection. On June 7, 1718, Adjutant General Anton de Vieira

2046-586: The efficiency of Russia's police forces, decrease corruption, and improve the public image of law enforcement. On February 7, 2011, amendments were made to the laws of the police force, the criminal code, and the criminal procedure code. The amendments came into force on March 1, 2011. These changes stipulate a law enforcement personnel cut of 20%, renaming Russian law enforcers from "militsiya" (militia) to "politsiya" (police), substantial increases in wages, centralization of financing, and several other changes. Around 217 billion rubles ($ 7 billion) have been allocated from

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2112-666: The emperor (or empress) until the monarchy was abolished in 1917. Article 1 of the Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire stated that "the Emperor of All Russia is an autocratic and unrestricted monarch. To obey his supreme authority, not only out of fear but out of conscience as well, God himself commands ". The full title of the emperor in the 20th century (Art. 37 of the Fundamental Laws) was: By

2178-501: The evaluation lost their jobs. For those officers surviving the reduction, salaries were increased by 30%. As a result of the reform, the Russian police was centralized as a federal-level institution, with funding fully sourced from the federal budget. This differs from the old system, where police units responsible for public order and petty crimes were under the jurisdiction of regional and city authorities, financed from regional budgets, and were tied closer to regional governors rather than

2244-539: The federal budget to finance the reform. Under the reform, the name of Russian law enforcers was changed from the Soviet-era term "militsiya" (militia) to the more universal "politsiya" (police) on March 1, 2011. The number of police officers was reduced by 20%, dropping from 1.28 million to 1.1 million by 2012. This reduction was accomplished via a comprehensive evaluation of all officers. All evaluations occurred during or before June 2011, and those who failed

2310-645: The final emperor and empresses of Russia. The Russian Imperial regalia survived the subsequent Russian Revolution and the Soviet period, and are currently on exhibit at the Diamond Fund in the Kremlin Armoury . Nicholas II abdicated in favour of his brother, Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich , but the next day, after a nominal reign of only 18 hours, "Emperor Michael II" declined power, ending dynastic rule in Russia. See List of leaders of Russia for

2376-470: The flag of Russia. Russian police use a number of different models of automobiles which range greatly in age and technical specification. General: Federal Assembly (Russia) Other parties and vacancies (42) Other parties (102) The Federal Assembly is the bicameral national legislature of Russia . The upper house is the Federation Council , and the lower house

2442-580: The former Russian police organizations of the Imperial government. There were detachments of the people's militsiya and the workers' militsiya that were organized as paramilitary police units. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the militsiya continued to exist in Russia until March 1, 2011. Initiated by former President Dmitry Medvedev , Russian police reforms are an ongoing effort to improve

2508-418: The idea was supported by President Dmitry Medvedev . Reasons cited for the construction of a new building included the cramped nature of the parliament members' current offices, the remote locations of these offices split across ten locations in Moscow , and the desire of the government to move the bodies away from the city centre to reduce traffic congestion. Various areas of Moscow were examined to serve as

2574-608: The importance of securing recognition from the Holy Roman Emperor of the equality of the titles of tsar and emperor. Following his victory at the Battle of Poltava , Peter I brought up the question of the title of emperor to the Viennese court. In 1717, Peter I defended his right to use the title of imperator , using the letter from Maximilian I to Vasily III to support his claim. The title of Emperor of all Russia

2640-560: The influence of various political forces, and sometimes outside them. At the same time, the workers' militsiya was not subordinate to the commissars of the city militsiya. The Council of the Petrograd People's militsiya, formed on June 3 under the auspices of the Bolsheviks , came into conflict with the head of the city militsiya, issuing political slogans in connection with the refusal to pay additional payments for service in

2706-617: The information registration office. By order of Stolypin, at the Police Department, special courses were established to train the heads of detective departments. At the International Congress of Criminalists, held in Switzerland in 1913, the Russian detective police were recognized as the best in the world in solving crimes. The then 3,500-strong police force of Petrograd provided the main opposition to

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2772-427: The manner prescribed by law”). Although according to opposition politicians, this wording was only veiled, and not excluded. Despite criticism from certain segments of society and a number of opposition political parties, the draft law was adopted in the first reading on December 10, 2010. The State Duma on Friday, January 28, 2011, adopted the draft law “On police” in the final third reading. Only 315 deputies voted for

2838-430: The militsiya, which are partially subordinate to the authority of the subject of the federation, the police are not connected with the subject of the federation (according to the bill). About 5 million people took part in the online discussion of the draft law “On police”. As a result, the draft law, in comparison with the initial form, underwent significant changes related to the powers of the new structure. In particular,

2904-475: The monarch must be anointed and crowned according to the Orthodox rite to have a successful tenure. As the church and state were essentially one in Imperial Russia, this service invested the tsars with political legitimacy; however, this was not its only intent. It was equally perceived as conferring a genuine spiritual benefit that mystically wedded sovereign to subjects, bestowing divine authority upon

2970-564: The movement for separation of church and state in West European monarchies, the Russian Empire combined monarchy with the supreme authority on religious issues (see Church reform of Peter I and caesaropapism for details). Another key feature related to patrimonialism . In Russia, the tsar owned a much higher proportion of the state (lands, enterprises, etc.) than did Western monarchs. The tsarist autocracy had many supporters within Russia. Major Russian advocates and theorists of

3036-629: The new parliamentary center: Kutuzovsky Avenue , Frunzenskaya Embankment , " Moscow City ", Tushino airfield , Krasnaya Presnya Street, Moskvoretskaya Embankment , Muzeon Park of Arts and the Sofia Embankment. In September 2014, the Mnyovniki floodplain was selected, a decision which was protested by ecologists. The design of the new building was to be decided on the basis of an architectural competition. The parliamentarians, however, disagreed on aesthetic decisions between candidates in

3102-611: The new ruler. As such, it was similar in purpose to other European coronation ceremonies from the medieval period. Even when the imperial capital was located at St. Petersburg (1713–1728, 1732–1917), Russian coronations were always held in Moscow at the Cathedral of the Dormition in the Kremlin . The last coronation service in Russia was held on 26 May 1896 for Nicholas II and his wife Alexandra Feodorovna , who would be

3168-421: The old custom of passing the throne to the direct descendants in the male line, but allowed the appointment of an heir through any decent person, at the will of the monarch. Coronations in the Russian Empire involved a highly developed religious ceremony in which the emperor was crowned and invested with regalia , then anointed with chrism and formally blessed by the church to commence his reign. Although

3234-403: The provincial government. In 1862, a police reform was carried out. The title of mayor was abolished; city councils in those cities that were subordinate to the district police were attached to the zemstvo courts. District police departments were renamed, and in those cities that retained their own police separate from the district police, they were renamed into city police departments. In 1866,

3300-429: The provisions that police officers can freely enter the premises of citizens, land plots belonging to them, on territories, land plots and premises occupied by public associations and organizations, as well as the “presumption of legality” of the police, caused the most criticism (“The police officer’s demands addressed to citizens and officials and the actions taken by him are considered legal until otherwise established in

3366-469: The ranks of the external police, which, bearing the entire burden of the police service, had neither the means nor the opportunity to act successfully in this respect. To eliminate this deficiency, it was proposed to establish a detective police”. For the first time in the Russian police, specialized units for solving crimes and conducting inquiries were created in St. Petersburg . In 1866, a detective police force

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3432-620: The rioting, which marked the initial outbreak of the February Revolution . After the army units garrisoning the city defected, the police became the main target of the revolutionaries, and many were killed. The Police of the Russian Empire was dissolved on March 10, 1917, and on April 17, the Provisional Government established the People's Militia ( Militsiya ) as a new law enforcement body. Following decisions of

3498-476: The territory of Russia, appointment of elections of the President , impeachment of the President, appointment of judges of higher courts of Russia , appointment and dismissal of the Prosecutor General of Russia , appointment and dismissal of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the all Accounts Chamber and others. The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes: consent to the appointment of

3564-654: The uniforms varied between cities. In Moscow, officers were dressed in red and green clothes. On the chest, they had the letters "З" (Z) and "Я" (YA) sewn. In 1669, detectives universally replaced the role of honorary elders. The police force in Saint Petersburg was established as the Main Police in 1715 by decree of Peter the Great . Initially, the staff of the Saint Petersburg police consisted of

3630-406: The upper house of the Russian parliament becomes Acting President of Russia . The jurisdiction of the Federation Council includes: approval of changes in borders between federal subjects of Russia , approval of the presidential decree on the introduction of a martial law or on the introduction of a state of emergency , deciding on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of Russia outside

3696-409: The whole world through his unique ruling led, as that to all quite known, by the name of all the Russian people to ask, so graciously to accept, following the example of others, from them title: the Father of the Fatherland, the Emperor of All Russia, Peter the Great ... On November 2, 1721, Peter I accepted the title. The Dutch Republic and Kingdom of Prussia immediately recognized the new title of

3762-438: The workers' militsiya to workers receiving full wages in factories. The principle of self-organization of the forces of law and order was implemented by the Bolshevik Party for some time after October 1917. The decree of the NKVD "On the workers' militia" of October 28, 1917 did not provide for the organizational forms of the state militia apparatus. The workers' militsiya bore the character of mass amateur organizations, and

3828-419: Was appointed General Polizeimeister. To aid him in completing work, the Chief Police Office was created and one army regiment was transferred to the authority of the General Polizeimeister. All the ranks of this regiment became police officers. In 1721, through the efforts of General de Vieira, the first lanterns and benches were installed in St. Petersburg. On January 19, 1722, the Governing Senate established

3894-466: Was established under the office of the city police chief. Prior to that, detective functions were carried out by forensic investigators, as well as the entire police department. Initially, the criminal investigation staff of St. Petersburg was small. At the time of its founding, the department consisted of, in addition to the chief and his assistant, 4 officials at special assignments, 12 police detectives, and 20 civilian detectives. The Detective Department

3960-406: Was first used for Catherine I in 1724. Since tsarist Russia claimed to be the " Third Rome " and the successor to Byzantium, the Russian rite was designed to link its rulers and prerogatives to those of the so-called " Second Rome " ( Constantinople ). While months or even years could pass between the initial accession of the sovereign and the performance of this ritual, church policy held that

4026-411: Was formed on the basis of voluntary squads, so it could not stop the rampant crime. On May 10, 1918, the Collegium of the NKVD adopted an order: “The police exist as a permanent staff of persons performing special duties, the organization of the police should be carried out independently of the Red Army, their functions should be strictly delimited.” The militsiya was formed on March 10, 1917, replacing

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4092-410: Was formed. The institute was intended to help the police officers for the performance of police duties, as well as for the supervision of the centurions and foremen. On August 6, 1880, the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery was abolished, and the Police Department was formed. Since 1889, the Chief of the District Police began to be called the District Police Officer. In 1903,

4158-418: Was founded in 1866, operating under the Police Department of Ministry of Internal Affairs , and by 1907, similar departments had been created in other major cities of the Russian Empire , including Moscow , Kiev , Riga , Odesa , Tiflis , Baku , Rostov-on-Don and Nizhny Novgorod . Other districts were policed by rural police or gendarmerie units. In 1879, the institute of police officers in rural areas

4224-466: Was introduced for Peter the Great . After his victory in the Great Northern War and the signing the Treaty of Nystad in September 1721, the Senate and Synod decided to award Peter with the title of Emperor of all Russia with the following statement: "in the manner of the Roman Senate for the noble cause of emperors such titles publicly given them as a gift and into statues for the everlasting generations inscribed". On this 20th day of October, after

4290-413: Was lodged by architectural critic Grigory Revzin, arguing that the State Duma is located in the building of the Council of Labor and Defense which was designed by Arkady Langman and built in 1935, rendering the existing State Duma building an architectural monument, which would be protected by the state and cannot be demolished. Work on the parliamentary center was to begin in 2020. However, in 2016 it

4356-430: Was postponed to an unknown date due to the economic situation and disagreements on what the center should look like. Emperor of Russia The emperor and autocrat of all Russia ( Russian : Император и Самодержец Всероссийский , romanized :  Imperator i Samoderzhets Vserossiyskiy , IPA: [ɪm⁽ʲ⁾pʲɪˈratər ɪ səmɐˈdʲerʐɨt͡s fsʲɪrɐˈsʲijskʲɪj] ), also translated as emperor and autocrat of all

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