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56-803: The Polizia Penitenziari a (in English, "Penitentiary Police"), formally the Corpo di Polizia Penitenziaria , is a law enforcement agency in Italy which is subordinate to the Italian Ministry of Justice and operates the Italian prison system as corrections officers . Vatican City , an independent state, does not have a prison system, so the Vatican sends convicted criminals to the Italian prison system. According to Interpol , this force (as part of

112-586: A controllo ). The Polizia Penitenziaria is one of the four national police forces of Italy (along with the Carabinieri , the Polizia di Stato and the Guardia di Finanza ), with each force performing a slightly different function. Their number is 112. The Polizia Penitenziaria are an armed police force, like most Italian police forces and it uses a variety of firearms and weapons for self-defence: As

168-541: A conscription in the Italian Armed Forces for one year (VFP1) or for four years (VFP4). On 1 January 2017, the public selections were newly open to civil citizens and a share of 40% of the available working roles began to be reserved to them. The psycho-physical requisites were the same fixed by the Decree of Italian President of Republic n. 904, which had come into force on 23 December 1983. As of July 2021,

224-543: A national, civilian police force, the uniform and insignia is similar to other Italian police forces, with historical, service and seasonal variations, as well as rank Principally, there are: Uniforms are then further split along the lines of: The type of uniform worn depends also on the duty being carried out. E.g. office work, or prison landing work, or armed exterior patrols, or riots, all require different uniform and equipment. The Polizia Penitenziaria recruits its members through an open, public and competitive exam which

280-463: A station approximately in every municipality, with additional stations in strategical positions along the motorways. In 2005, the total number of active police officers in all of the agencies was 324,339 in Italy, the highest number in the European Union both overall and per capita , twice the number of agents in the similarly sized United Kingdom . The Polizia di Stato (State Police) is

336-627: A total of 110 provinces. In May 2012, a referendum abolished the eight provinces of Sardinia, and this suppression was to take effect on 1 March 2013. On 6 July 2012, new plans were published to reduce the number of provinces by around half. In January 2014 the Sardinian Regional Administrative Court declared "unconstitutional" the abolition of the Sardinian provinces. In 2014 the Delrio Law transformed

392-456: A volunteer civilian corps that, when needed by the municipality, deals with animal theft, farm robbery or other farm damages. In some areas, there is an animal protection force, or Guardie Zoofile , that rescue animals in distress and protect animals and wildlife. Agents are volunteer private citizens, who have received some training and have limited powers, with regards to the safety of animals. The law (number 189) of 20 July 2004, relating to

448-404: Is traffic control and responsibilities relating to licenses and urban regulations. The municipal police also serve as auxiliaries to security police forces and have responsibilities for local crime prevention and community policing . The jurisdiction of municipal police are limited to their specific municipality. Some Autonomous Regions have special forces of local police that answer to

504-644: Is a joint organization of Polizia di Stato , Carabinieri , Polizia Penitenziaria and Guardia di Finanza against organized crime . Founded in 1991, under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior as the Direzione Nazionale Antimafia (National Anti-Mafia Directorate), its operations include preemptive investigations, judicial investigations, and international relations, and it investigates characteristics, objectives, and methods of

560-617: Is a military corps under the authority of the Ministry of Economy and Finance , with a role as a police force . The Corps is in charge of financial, economic, judiciary and public safety such as tax evasion , financial crimes , smuggling , money laundering , international illegal drug trafficking , illegal immigration , customs and borders checks, copyright violations , anti- Mafia operations, credit card fraud , cybercrime , counterfeiting , terrorist financing , maintaining public order , and safety, political and military defense of

616-450: Is also a Prefect ( prefetto ), a representative of the central government who heads an agency called prefettura-ufficio territoriale del governo . The Questor ( questore ) is the head of State Police ( Polizia di Stato ) in the province and his office is called questura . There is also a provincial police force depending from local government, called provincial police ( polizia provinciale ). The Aosta Valley region

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672-439: Is announced by the Ministry of Justice . A quote of the available working posts can be reserved by law to the promotion of internal workers or people who have contracted a permanent and irreversible infirmity in the fulfillment of their duty. An analogue right could be reserved to their more proximate relatives. Until the approval of the ordinary law n. 225 23 August 2004, the selection was open to any Italian civil citizen who had

728-465: Is composed of civilians. Its headquarters are in Rome, and there are Regional and Provincial divisions throughout the Italian territory. A program Polizia di Quartiere ("Neighbourhood Police") has been implemented which increases police presence and deters crime. Pairs of poliziotti (policemen) or carabinieri patrol areas of major cities on foot or by bike. The Guardia di Finanza, (Financial Guard)

784-409: Is local police only used in some of the 107 Provinces of Italy . Their main tasks are to enforce regional and national hunting and fishing laws, but have also expanded in wildlife management and environmental protection. They also provide a traffic police service and participation in the security services arranged by the authorities. Some municipal police forces in Italy trace historical origins to

840-489: Is nicknamed Pantera ( Panther ), one used by the Carabinieri is nicknamed Gazzella ( Gazelle ). Every force has helicopters, trucks and campers (used as mobile offices, usually in undercover missions). In Venice , which is built across several islands linked by bridges and surrounded by water, public security and fire brigades work with boats. In 2004, Lamborghini donated two Lamborghini Gallardo police cars to

896-408: Is not divided into provinces due to its size, but straight to the comune level. South Tyrol and Trentino are autonomous provinces, unlike all other provinces they have the same legislative powers as regions and are not subordinated to Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol , the region they are part of. Based on the most recent legislation, contained in the law of 7 April 2014 n. 56, the council and

952-465: Is the ministerial office of "Dipartimento della Pubblica Sicurezza". The Carabinieri are also Military Police for the Italian Armed Forces , in charge of investigation or intervention inside Public Administrations and personal rights violations. There is also a section of the President of Republic safety corps called Corazzieri . Carabinieri stations are usually distributed all over the country, with

1008-580: The vigili urbani and comes stabili of ancient Rome . Urban policing emerged in the 13th to 14th centuries in the Italian comunes (such as Bologna ); although police forces have been assumed to be a modern innovation, these medieval forces had some similarities to modern police forces. Today, Italian municipal forces are referred to by various names, such as polizia comunale (comune police), polizia urbana (urban police), and polizia locale (local police). In addition, each comune has its own Polizia Municipale ( Municipal Police ) whose main duty

1064-632: The 2016 Italian constitutional referendum , the provinces of Italy were still kept alive under provisions of the Delrio Constitutional Law to be merged in a smaller number of union of provinces. Provinces are often deemed useless by their critics, and many proposals were made in the 2010s to eliminate them. The difficulty of changing the Constitution of Italy and the opposition of groups of politicians and citizens halted any proposal of reform. In 2013, during his speech to

1120-632: The Aosta Valley region (which also exercises the powers of a province). Italian provinces (with the exception of the current Sardinian provinces) correspond to the NUTS 3 regions . A province of the Italian Republic is composed of many municipalities ( comune ). Usually several provinces together form a region; the region of Aosta Valley is the sole exception—it is not subdivided into provinces, and provincial functions are exercised by

1176-599: The Austrian Empire . Eventually, in 1870, following the union of Rome and its province from the Papal States , the provinces rose in number to 69. After the World War I , new territories were annexed to Italy. The province of Trento was created in 1923. Provinces of La Spezia and Trieste in 1923, while Ionio in 1924. In 1924 the new provinces of Fiume , Pola , and Zara were created, increasing

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1232-616: The Guardia di Finanza is often called on duty as riot police. The Carabinieri is the common name for the Arma dei Carabinieri , a gendarmerie -like military corps with police duties. They also serve as the military police for the Italian armed forces and can be called upon for national defence action." The Carabinieri have become a separate armed force (alongside the Army , Navy and Air Force ), thus ending their long-standing tradition as

1288-550: The Prefecture by the private security organization, or the hiring organization. This is subject to weapon-handling competency checks and health checks. Uniforms vary greatly from company to company and are often similar, but distinct, to the state and local police forces. Often marked vehicles are used for security work. Until recently, all Italian police forces were equipped with Italian -made police cars , with Alfa Romeos most commonly. A patrol car belonging to Polizia

1344-604: The Prefetto , the provincial representative of the Government. Border and Maritime patrolling are undertaken by the Guardia di Finanza and Guardia Costiera ( coast guard ). The Polizia Penitenziaria (Prison Police) is the national prison police agency, controlling penitentiaries and inmate transfers. The Corpo Forestale dello Stato (State Forestry Corps) formerly existed as a separate national park ranger agency, but

1400-774: The Somali Police Force . As with most of Western Europe, private security organizations play a part in security of money, valuables, property and people. In Italy, a guard, or security officer, is known as a Guardia di Sicurezza . They may be part of a private security organization, known as a Servizi di Vigilanza Privata and patrol certain areas or guard buildings. Services include: There are certain requirements, similar to police, in order for citizens to become security agents. They must: Some guards are armed (generally with pistols), similar to police, but some are not. These are generally semi-automatic pistols, or revolvers. The license to carry this must be obtained from

1456-557: The province of Oristano in 1974. In a reorganization in 1992 eight provinces were created: Verbano-Cusio-Ossola , Biella , Lecco , Lodi , Rimini , Prato , Crotone , and Vibo Valentia , while Forlì was renamed as Forlì-Cesena . Four new provinces were created in Sardinia in 2001, with effect from 2005: Olbia-Tempio , Ogliastra , Medio Campidano , and Carbonia-Iglesias . In 2004 three further provinces were created: Monza and Brianza , Fermo , and Barletta-Andria-Trani , making

1512-591: The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie , as well as the Polizia di Stato, the civil national police . The third one is the Guardia di Finanza , a militarized police force responsible for dealing with financial crime , smuggling, illegal drug trade , and others. The main forces are managed and organized on a provincial level under the authority of the Questore (the local head of police) in accordance with

1568-554: The First Corps ( Arma ) of the Italian Army ( Esercito ). They are referred to as the Arma or La Benemerita (The Meritorious Corps). Carabinieri units have been dispatched all over the world in peacekeeping missions, including Bosnia , Kosovo , Afghanistan and Iraq . Until 2001, only men were allowed to become part of the Arma (or any military force, for that matter), but military reforms allowed women to serve in

1624-546: The Guardia di Finanza and Polizia Locale. As with different local police forces in Italy, they may wear various combinations of: The Organizzazione di Vigilanza Repressione dell'Antifascismo (or OVRA ) (Organization for Vigilance in Repression of Anti-Fascism) was a secret police organization in Italy during fascism. The Polizia dell'Africa Italiana or PAI (Police of Italian Africa ) (1936–1944). The National Republican Guard (Italy) and Republican Police Corps

1680-652: The Italian borders . The Guardia di Finanza has a strength of around 68,000 soldiers working as agents, non-commissioned officers and officers . Its militaries are in service in the Europol , Eurojust and the European Anti-Fraud Office . Its Latin motto since 1933 is Nec recisa recedit (English: Not Even Broken Retreats ). The Guardia di Finanza also maintains boats, ships and aircraft to fulfill its mission of patrolling Italy's territorial waters . During demonstrations and very big events,

1736-435: The Italian military, including Carabinieri. Having both military police duties and civil police duties, the Arma is usually called on duty as riot police during big events and demonstrations. According to Europol, this force has "4,672 stations and lieutenancies". The Polizia Penitenziaria (Prison Guards, literally Penitentiary Police, also translated as Prison Police Corps) operates the Italian prison system and handles

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1792-697: The Mafia as well as their domestic and international contacts. The DIA was to prevent mafiosi from infiltrating the government. Interpol 's National Central Bureau for Italy is part of the International Police Cooperation Service (SCIP), a branch of the Public Security Department (PSD). "SCIP is a multi-agency DPS unit: the Polizia di Stato, Carabinieri and Guardia di Finanza head it, on a rotation basis. Officers representing all police forces staff it",

1848-581: The Ministry of Justice) has a "nationwide remit for prison security, inmate safety and transportation". The Polizia Penitenziaria was formed in 1990 to replace the former Corpo degli Agenti di Custodia . Professionalization and demilitarization were motives for creating the new organisation. The Polizia Penitenziaria carries out the functions of the Judicial Police, Public Safety, Traffic Police and Corrections. They support other law enforcement agencies, such as with traffic roadblocks (known as

1904-711: The Polizia di Stato on their 152nd anniversary. [REDACTED] Media related to Police of Italy at Wikimedia Commons Provinces of Italy The provinces of Italy ( Italian : province d'Italia ) are the second-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic , on an intermediate level between a municipality ( comune ) and a region ( regione ). Since 2015, provinces have been classified as "institutional bodies of second level". There are currently 107 institutional bodies of second level in Italy, including 80 ordinary provinces, 2 autonomous provinces, 4 regional decentralization entities, 6 free municipal consortia, and 14 metropolitan cities , as well as

1960-472: The Provincial Executive. President (Commissioner) and members of Council are elected together by mayors and city councilors of each municipality of the province. The Executive is chaired by the President (Commissioner) who appoint others members, called assessori . Since 2015, the President (Commissioner) and other members of the council will not receive a salary. In each province, there

2016-675: The Regional Government and whose jurisdiction is the whole regional territory or the municipality. Their normative reference is the same of every other local police, Municipal or Provincial, but differs for activities or extension of the authority. For example, Sardinia did not have Corpo Forestale officers at any point as regional law on nature, parks, fire, and forestry is carried out by its own regional Corpo forestale e di vigilanza ambientale , since 1985. Moreover, due to its agricultural and pastoral society, every Sardinian town has both Polizia Municipale, and Corpo Barracellare,

2072-591: The activities related to the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). The Autonomous Region of Sardinia has its own corp of forestry police. Corpo Forestale dello Stato was dissolved on December 31, 2016, and all personnel become militarized and absorbed into the Carabinieri 's Comando unità per la tutela forestale, ambientale e agroalimentare . The Direzione Investigativa Antimafia (or DIA ) (Anti-Mafia Investigation Directorate)

2128-611: The acts of animal abuse, assigns the functions and qualifications of the judicial police to the guards of the protectionist and zoophile associations. The agents (recognized by decree issued by the Prefecture) do not have jurisdiction in hunting matters. Agents will check that people are in compliance with all animal-related municipal, regional and national laws, and may report them to the Carabinieri, Polizia di Stato, Polizia Locale or Forestry Carabinieri as appropriate. The Agents generally wear green uniforms, although different to

2184-610: The agency states. The Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga (Central Directorate for Anti-Drug Services) is a joint organization of Polizia di Stato , Carabinieri and Guardia di Finanza against drug trafficking. Founded in 1976 as Direzione Anti Droga (Anti-Drug Directorate), it is under the authority of the Criminal police department of the Ministry of the Interior. Local communities in Italy also have responsibility for local police issues. They generally fall into either: The Polizia Provinciale (Provincial Police)

2240-466: The civil national police of Italy. Along with patrolling, investigative and law enforcement duties, it patrols the Autostrade (Italy's Express Highway network), and oversees the security of railways, bridges, and waterways. It is a civilian police force, while the Carabinieri and the Guardia di Finanza are military. While its internal organization and mindset are somewhat military, its personnel

2296-721: The data is updated as of 1 January 2021. In 1861, at the birth of the Kingdom of Italy , there were 59 provinces. However, at that time the national territory was smaller than the current one: regions of Veneto , Friuli-Venezia Giulia , Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol , and Lazio were not included in the kingdom. In 1866, following the Third Independence War , territories of Veneto, Friuli and Mantua were annexed. There were therefore nine more provinces: Belluno , Mantua , Padua , Rovigo , Treviso , Venice , Verona , Vicenza , and Udine , all previously part of

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2352-527: The free municipal consortia in Sicily and the Sardinian provinces are governed by extraordinary commissioners appointed by the respective regional administrations, the autonomous provinces of Trentino-Alto Adige each elect its own president, and finally, in Aosta Valley , the functions of the province are carried out by the regional administration (whose president is elected by the regional council). Note:

2408-418: The presidents of the provinces of the regions with ordinary statute are elected by restricted suffrage by the mayors and councilors of the province's municipalities, while in the metropolitan cities , the equivalent of the president of the province is the (elective) mayor of the capital, called "metropolitan mayor". There are other types of entities similar to the provinces in the regions with special statutes:

2464-528: The province of Friuli was renamed the province of Udine . Following the annexation of a part of Yugoslavia in 1941, during the World War II , the province of Zara was enlarged and joined the Governorate of Dalmatia (comprising the province of Zara , and the new provinces of Spalato , and Cattaro ), while in the occupied central part of the present-day Slovenia the new province of Ljubljana

2520-401: The provinces of Trieste and Gorizia . Moreover, the province of Trieste was occupied by United States and British forces. The Italian Republic therefore had 91 provinces at its birth. The province of Ionio was renamed as Taranto in 1951, and in 1954 the province of Trieste was returned to Italy. The province of Pordenone was created in 1968, the province of Isernia in 1970, and

2576-500: The provinces of Italy in a reduced number of broader administrative entities. In 2014 the Friuli-Venezia Giulia of Debora Serracchiani was the first Italian region to pass a law for abolishing its provinces, while implementing the national reform in the local administrative level. The Friuli region has multiplied four provinces in 18 unions of the Italian administrative unit called comune . After rejection of

2632-497: The region. The three main functions devolved to provinces are: The number of provinces in Italy has been steadily growing in recent years, as many new ones are carved out of older ones. Usually, the province's name is the same as that of its capital city. According to the 2014 reform, each province is headed by a President (or Commissioner) assisted by a legislative body, the Provincial Council, and an executive body,

2688-536: The requisites for absolving the military service . Those people had the right to absolve it directly within the Polizia Penitenziaria, after having passed the public exam for the qualification as an auxiliary agent. The selection was reserved to the Italian male residents who were eligible for the military service. From 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2016, the working positions, which had been object of public selection, were reserved to volunteers who had

2744-412: The total number of provinces in Italy to 76. In 1927, after a royal charter , a general province rearrangement took place. 17 new provinces were created: Aosta , Vercelli , Varese , Savona , Bolzano , Gorizia , Pistoia , Pescara , Rieti , Terni , Viterbo , Frosinone , Brindisi , Matera , Ragusa , Castrogiovanni , Nuoro . In the same year, the province of Caserta was dissolved, Girgenti

2800-672: The transportation of inmates. The training academies for the Polizia Penitenziaria are located in Aversa , Monastir , Cairo Montenotte , Castiglione delle Stiviere , Parma , Portici , Rome , San Pietro Clarenza , Verbania and Sulmona . Its agents are sometimes called to help the other police forces during major events. This force (part of the Ministry of Justice) has a "nationwide remit for prison security, inmate safety and transportation". The Corpo Forestale dello Stato (National Forestry Department, now dissolved)

2856-534: The winners of the public exam have to frequent and pass an additional formative course whose duration ranges from around a year for the auxiliary agents to 24 months for the police commissioners. The latter position is solely accessible by people who are graduated with a 5-years degree in Jurisprudence or analogue degree titles. Law enforcement in Italy The two main police forces in the country are

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2912-623: Was a paramilitary police force of the Italian Social Republic created by decree on December 8, 1943, replacing the Carabinieri and the MVSN . Zaptié were locally raised gendarmerie units in the Italian colonies of Italian Tripolitania , Italian Cyrenaica , Italian Eritrea and Italian Somaliland between 1889 and 1942. Zaptié were used during the period of Trust Territory of Somaliland from 1950 to 1960. Members were sent to Italy to train, and after 1960, were merged into

2968-560: Was created. This lasted only until 1945, when Yugoslavia regained the lost territories after the end of the World War II. In 1945, after the end of the World War II, the province of Aosta changed its name to Aosta Valley and Littoria to Latina ; the new province of Caserta was recreated. With the Paris Peace Treaties , signed on 10 February 1947, Italy lost the provinces of Fiume , Pola , and Zara , and part of

3024-486: Was merged into the Carabinieri in 2016. Although policing in Italy is primarily provided on a national basis, there also exists Polizia Provinciale (provincial police) and Polizia Municipale (municipal police). Law enforcement in Italy is an exclusive function of the State and is organized under the Ministry of the Interior , with provincial division and jurisdiction. The highest office in charge of law enforcement

3080-399: Was renamed Agrigento , and the institution of circondari , sub-provincial wards created before the unification , was abolished. In 1930 Spezia became La Spezia , while in 1931 Bari delle Puglie became Bari . Province of Littoria (Latina) was created in 1934, and the province of Asti in 1935. n 1939 the province of Aquila degli Abruzzi became the province of L'Aquila , and in 1940

3136-481: Was responsible for law enforcement in Italian national parks and forests. Their duties included enforcing poaching laws, safeguarding protected animal species and preventing forest fires. Founded in 1822, the Corpo Forestale dello Stato was a civilian police force specialized in environmental protection. A recent law reform expanded its duties to food controls. In Italy, it had the responsibility to manage

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