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34-707: The span is 31.4 metres (103 ft) according to recent research, but frequently stated to be 35.64 m or 36.65 m. Other extant Roman bridges in the Aosta valley include the Pont d'Aël in the Cogne Valley and the Pont de Pierre in Aosta . [REDACTED] Media related to Pont-Saint-Martin at Wikimedia Commons 45°35′58″N 7°48′00″E  /  45.5993262801°N 7.8000998497°E  / 45.5993262801; 7.8000998497 This article about

68-540: A bridge in Italy is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Pont d%27A%C3%ABl The Pont d'Aël ( French pronunciation: [pɔ̃ dɛl] ) is a Roman aqueduct located in a village of the same name in the comune of Aymavilles in Aosta Valley , northern Italy . It was built in the year 3BC for irrigation purposes and supplying water for the newly founded colony of Augusta Praetoria, which

102-521: A commercial centre in Asia Minor through its trade in olive oil. Its population grew to 60,000 inhabitants. This period would last well into the 3rd century AD. Side also established itself as a slave-trading centre in the Mediterranean . Its large commercial fleet engaged in acts of piracy, while wealthy merchants paid for such tributes as public works, monuments, and competitions as well as

136-485: A large city. An inscription found on the site of the former ancient city shows a considerable Jewish population in early Byzantine times. However, Side was abandoned again after being sacked. Its population moved to Attalia , and Side became known as Eski Adalia 'Old Antalya' and was buried. As capital of the Roman province of Pamphylia Prima , Side was ecclesiastically the metropolitan see . The earliest known bishop

170-523: A new harbour in the city of Attalia (the present Antalya), although Side already possessed an important harbour of its own. Between 188 and 36 BC Side minted its own money, tetradrachms showing Nike and a laurel wreath (the sign of victory). In the 1st century BC, Side reached a peak when the Cilician pirates established their chief naval base and a centre for their slave-trade . The consul Servilius Vatia defeated these brigands in 78 BC and later

204-473: A parapet, up to 3 m high, was formed that ended in the bedrock on the valley side. The advantage of this method was that unlike a normal tunneling process, the tunneling work could start at any number of points because it was easily visible. This meant there was a significant decrease in the construction time. Such half-galleries in Roman engineering can only be found rarely in particularly rough terrain, such as at

238-399: A sketch in the year 1550. Further illustrations were contributed by Baron de Malzen in 1826 and Aubert in 1860, which already showed the construction in its present form. Barocelli added measurements from 1864 after excavations on the eastern edge of the bridge in 1930. A complete survey and documentation was first carried out in 1996 by Mathias Döring. Here it was discovered that the bridge

272-440: A span of 14.24 m. The bridge arch consists of a single key stone . On the lower floor of the bridge, which was once probably three stories high, a 50.35-metre-long (165.2 ft) corridor served to verify the density of the overlying water pipe in antiquity. On both sides of this 3.88-meter-high (12.7 ft) control corridor there are two rows of small windows from which the lower floor and the upper ceiling are illuminated so that

306-424: Is evidence of the site's early history. Possessing a good harbour for small craft, Side's natural geography made it one of the most important trade centres in the region. Its tutelary deity was Athena , whose head adorned its coinage. Excavations have revealed several inscriptions written in the language of Side . The inscriptions, dating from the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, remain undeciphered, but testify that

340-435: Is now known as Aosta . The water was directed through a neighbouring valley 66 m above the floor of the Aosta valley, through a sophisticated system. The aqueduct is 6 km long in total. In addition to its unusual position, the construction, which was originally thought to be a three-story structure, shows more unique features such as a control corridor below the water line, as well as explicit private funding. Today,

374-508: Is restored. At the left side is a Byzantine Basilica. Other buildings include three temples and a nymphaeum , a grotto or fountain building of elaborate design, and a synagogue which was discovered under a modern place of residence. Excavation teams also found an ancient Greek brothel. The Roman aqueduct dates from 2nd half of the 2nd century AD and is 30 km in length. The aqueduct is special because it has an exceptional number of bridges which are still preserved as well as tunnels. This

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408-497: The 2nd century is less well-preserved that of Aspendos , but it is almost as large, seating 15,000–20,000 people. It was converted into an open-air sanctuary with two chapels during Byzantine times (5th or 6th century). The well-preserved city walls provide an entrance to the site through the Hellenistic main gate ( Megale Pyle ) from the 2nd century BC. The colonnaded street had marble columns whose remains can be seen near

442-507: The 5th and 6th centuries, Side experienced a revival, and became the seat of the Bishopric of Eastern Pamphylia. Arab fleets, nevertheless, raided and burned Side during the 7th century, contributing to its decline. The combination of earthquakes, Christian zealots and Arab raids, left the site abandoned by the 10th century, its citizens having emigrated to nearby Attalia. In the 12th century, Side temporarily established itself once more as

476-456: The 6 km long pipeline opened onto a 200 hectare farm situated in west Aosta, 50 to 150 m above the main river Dora Baltea using a gradient line from the neighbouring valley. On the way the water was diverted for ore washing , probably located near the village of Aymavilles . The technical difficulties in laying the pipeline along the steep rock faces of the Cogne valley were solved by

510-617: The Great meant that Side freed itself from the overlord-ship of the Seleucid Empire . The Treaty of Apamea (188 BC) forced Antiochus to abandon all European territories and to cede all of Asia Minor north of the Taurus Mountains to Pergamum . However, the dominion of Pergamum only reached de facto as far as Perga , leaving Eastern Pamphylia in a state of uncertain freedom. This led Attalus II Philadelphus to construct

544-403: The Roman baths, restored as a museum displaying statues and sarcophagi from the Roman period. The agora includes the remains of the round Tyche and Fortuna temple (2nd century BC), peripteral with twelve columns, in the centre. In later times it was used as a trading centre where pirates sold slaves. The early Roman Temple of Dionysus is near the theatre. The fountain gracing the entrance

578-520: The Roman engineers by using a gravity pipeline. The water from the Grand Eyvia, which is diverted 2.9 km above the Pont d’Aël, was directed downhill onto the steep slopes of the Cogne valley in open channels with an average gradient of 6.6 per mille. Tunnels or qanats were formed due to the hard rockface. The 1.20-metre-wide (3.9 ft) line was cut as a half-gallery in the rocky slope, so that

612-509: The Roman general Pompey in 67 BC, bringing Side under the control of Rome and beginning its second period of ascendancy, when it established and maintained a good working relationship with the Roman Empire. Emperor Augustus reformed the state administration and placed Pamphylia and Side in the Roman province of Galatia in 25 BC, after the short reign of Amyntas of Galatia between 36 and 25 BC. Side began another prosperous period as

646-520: The ancient city is situated on a small north-south peninsula about 1 km long and 400 m across. Pseudo-Scylax , Strabo and Arrian record that Side was founded by Greek settlers from Cyme in Aeolis , a region of western Anatolia . This most likely occurred in the 7th century BC. A basalt column base from the 7th century BC found in the excavations and attributable to the Neo-Hittites

680-538: The area of the ruins and called it Selimiye; they also built houses over the ruins when the Cretan Turks moved there. Today, Side has become a popular holiday destination as a result of the expansion of the Antalya coastal project and is experiencing a revival. It was a popular spot for watching the solar eclipse of March 29, 2006 . The bustling street called Liman Caddesi connects the town bus station with

714-399: The bridge keeper could quickly identify leaking water, which could have damaged the stonework with frost. Döring was able to prove beyond reasonable doubt the existence of the ancient aqueduct, where the trail runs today, on the basis of the altitude and course of the preserved remains of the walls, as well as a subsequent tunnel west of the bridge. It was 1.90 m high and 1.0 m wide. At the time

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748-553: The country. Modern Side is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Manavgat , Antalya Province , Turkey . Its population is 14,527 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation , it was a town ( belde ). It lies near Manavgat , 78 km from Antalya . It is located on the eastern part of the Pamphylian coast, which lies about 20 km east of the mouth of the Eurymedon River . Today, as in antiquity,

782-430: The end point could possibly be situated in the said irrigation zone in what is today known as the village of Aymavilles. The 60.46-metre-long (198.4 ft) and 2.26-metre-wide (7.4 ft) bridge is the only possible crossing point over the 4-kilometre-long (2.5 mi) and up to 150-metre-deep (490 ft) canyon of the Grand Eyvia. Its only arch spans the gorge, which here is only 12 m wide but 66 m deep, with

816-427: The games and gladiator fights. Most of the extant ruins at Side date from this period of prosperity. Side was the home of Eustathius of Antioch , of the philosopher Troilus , of the fifth-century ecclesiastical writer Philip; of the famous lawyer Tribonian . Side began a steady decline from the 4th century on. Even defensive walls could not stop successive invasions of highlanders from the Taurus Mountains. During

850-545: The local language was still in use several centuries after colonisation. Alexander the Great occupied Side without a struggle in 333 BC. Alexander left only a single garrison behind to occupy the city. This occupation, in turn, introduced the people of Side to Hellenistic culture, which flourished from the 4th to the 1st century BC. After Alexander's death, Side fell under the control of one of Alexander's generals, Ptolemy I Soter , who declared himself king of Egypt in 305 BC. The Ptolemaic dynasty controlled Side until it

884-424: The third floor was possibly an open walkway, which gave the building a total height of 22.15 m. Completed: Translated: [REDACTED] Media related to Pont d'Aël at Wikimedia Commons Side, Turkey Side (formerly Selimiye) is a city on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey . It includes the modern resort town and the ruins of the ancient city of Side, one of the best-known classical sites in

918-555: The water channel of the aqueduct serves as a public walking trail . Besides the Pont d'Aël, two other Roman bridges in the Aosta valley are still intact: the Pont-Saint-Martin in the town of the same name and the Pont de Pierre in Aosta . The bridge traverses the Grand Eyvia river at Pont d’Aël next to the entrance to the Cogne Valley, 8 km West of Aosta. Pingone recorded the first description, along with

952-456: The water line of Side in Turkey . In the flatter areas they decided on a two to four meter wide terrace, through which the line ran as a rectangular brick canal with cover tiles. Overall the line traverses 2.25 km down a slope and then 0.6 km down a rocky path to Pont d'Aël. The other pipeline underneath the bridge could not be investigated because of construction and agricultural use;

986-471: The worship of images, 1082; Theodosius and his successor Nicetas, twelfth century. John, present at a synod at Constantinople in 1156. The Notitiae Episcopatuum continued to mention Side as a metropolis of Pamphylia until the thirteenth century. It does not appear in the "Notitia" of Andronicus III . In 1397 the diocese was united with that of Attalia ; in 1400 the Metropolitan of Perge and Attalia

1020-532: Was Epidaurus, presiding at the Synod of Ancyra , 314. Others are John, fourth century; Eustathius, 381; Amphilochius, 426-458, who played an important part in the history of the time; Conon, 536; Peter, 553; John, 680-692; Mark, 879; Theodore, 1027-1028; Anthimus, present at the synod held at Constantinople in 1054; John, then counsellor to the Emperor Michael VII Ducas , presided at a council on

1054-545: Was at the same time the administrator of Side. No longer a residential see, Side is today included in the Catholic Church 's list of titular sees . The great ruins are among the most notable in Asia Minor. They cover a large promontory which a wall and a moat separate from the mainland. Archaeologists have been excavating Side since 1947 and intermittently continue to do so. The colossal theatre complex of

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1088-486: Was because the altitude difference between source and city is only 36 m, so to make the gradient as high as possible it was necessary to keep the route as straight and short as possible through the hilly terrain, which entailed more expensive bridges (22 in total) and 16 tunnels 100-2260m long. It was restored in the first half of the 3rd century, financed by Lollianos Bryonianos from Side according to an inscription. In 1895, Turkish Muslim Immigrants from Crete moved to

1122-601: Was captured by the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BC. Yet, despite these occupations, Side managed to preserve some autonomy, grew prosperous, and became an important cultural centre. In 190 BC a fleet from the Greek island city-state of Rhodes , supported by Rome and Pergamum , defeated the Seleucid King Antiochus the Great 's fleet, which was under the command of the fugitive Carthaginian general Hannibal . The defeat of Hannibal and Antiochus

1156-569: Was used to transport iron ore, as previously thought, but belonged to the growing colony of Augusta Praetoria Salassorum (modern Aosta), used as an irrigation pipeline for agricultural land and a washery for the iron ore in Cogne . The idea of it being a water supply for Augusta Praetoria was ruled out, because the town itself is supplied from the nearby river Buthier . Nevertheless, the water may have also been used, in addition to its main economic function, to meet local drinking water needs. One end of

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