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138-611: Pontoppidan was born in Aarhus to provost Ludvig Henriksen Pontoppidan (1648–1706) and his second wife Else Sophie Spend (1673–1707). His younger brother Christian Ludvigsen Pontoppidan (1696–1765) was a provist ( stiftsprovst ) in Aarhus. His father's first wife was Barbara Backer (1646–1689). Orphaned at an early age, Erik Pontoppidan was placed in the house of a distant relative, Justice Councilor D.C. Braes to Kokkedal in Torslev parish and

276-435: A cephalopod , but also crosiers and shepherd's crooks . Shetlandic krekin for "whale", a taboo word , is listed as etymologically related. In Norwegian sailor folklore, kraken ("the krake " or "the crookie"), also known as horven (among others), is a legendary sea monster said to appear in the sea between Norway and Iceland . It is said that when fishermen row out a few miles ( Scandinavian miles ) from

414-558: A rewilding effort in Geding-Kasted Bog and continuous monitoring of the four Natura 2000 areas in the municipality. Aarhus has a population of 261,570 on 91 square kilometres (35 sq mi) for a density of 2,874/km (7,444/sq mi). Aarhus municipality has a population of 330,639 on 468 km with a density of 706/km (1,829/sq mi). Less than a fifth of the municipal population resides beyond city limits and almost all live in an urban area. The population of Aarhus

552-411: A "colossal octopus" attacking a ship, and included the engraving in his book. However, an English author recapitulating Montfort's account of it attaches an illustration of it, which was captioned: "The Kraken supposed a sepia or cuttlefish", while attributing Montfort. Hamilton's book was not alone in recontextualizing Montfort's ship-assaulting colossal octopus as a kraken; for instance, the piece on

690-423: A central component in the local economy. The biotech industry is well-established in the city, with many small- and medium-sized companies mainly focused on research and development. There are multiple Big Tech companies with offices in the city, including Uber and Google . Several major companies are headquartered in Aarhus, including four of the ten largest in the country. These include Arla Foods , one of

828-429: A colossal octopus was capable of dragging a ship down, Montfort made a more daring hypothesis. He attempted to blame colossal octopuses for the loss of ten warships under British control in 1782, including six captured French men-of-war. The disaster began with the distress signal fired by the captured ship of the line Ville de Paris which was then swallowed up by parting waves, and the other ships coming to aid shared

966-418: A devilfish so large a whole cavalry regiment could maneuver on it." Despite the skepticism of his companions, they soon encounter "a squid of colossal dimensions." See, also, his The Sea Serpent . Pontoppidan was married three times. On 26 October 1723, he married Francisca Toxverd (died 1730). She was the daughter of minister Peder Frandsen Toxverd (died 1735). They had no children. Pontoppidan's second wife

1104-409: A few kilometres south of the Aarhus city centre. The centre of Aarhus was originally a pagan burial site until Aarhus's first Christian church, Holy Trinity Church, a timber structure, was built upon it during the reign of Frode , King of Jutland, around 900. The bishopric of Aarhus dates back to at least 948 when Adam of Bremen reported that the missionary bishop Reginbrand of Aros attended

1242-454: A few shining tentacles rise up in the air, increasingly thicker at the bottom, which can even appear as high as ship's masts. After a while, the kraken gives in to sinking again, and you then have to be careful not to run into the suction vortex that is formed. The first description of the krake as " sciu-crak " was given by Italian writer Negri in Viaggio settentrionale (Padua, 1700),

1380-416: A few so-called ghettos , defined as residential areas with more than half of inhabitants from non-Western countries and with relatively high levels of poverty and/or crime. Gellerup is the most notable neighbourhood in that respect. The ghetto-labelling has been criticized as unnecessarily stigmatising and counterproductive for social and economical development of the related areas. The economy of Aarhus

1518-471: A garbled eyewitness account of what was actually a whale, at least according to the Grönlands historiske Mindesmaerker . Halldór Hermannsson  [ sv ] also reads the work as describing the hafgufa as a type of whale. Finnur Jónsson (1920) having arrived at the opinion that the kraken probably represented an inkfish (squid/octopus), as discussed earlier, expressed his skepticism towards

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1656-422: A new business and residential quarter. The main bus terminal close by is planned to be moved to the central railway station and the site will be redeveloped to a new residential neighbourhood. Elsewhere in the inner city, the site of the former Ceres breweries was redeveloped in 2012–2019 as a new mixed use neighbourhood known as CeresByen . Construction of Aarhus Letbane , the first light rail system in

1794-549: A novel, Menoza (3 vols., 1742–1743), a critique of the religious conditions of Denmark and other countries. In 1747 he was appointed bishop at Bergen , where he introduced many educational reforms, and wrote Glossarium Norvagicum (1749) and Forsøk til Norges naturlige historie (Copenhagen, 1752–1753), while his pastoral letters formed in part the basis of his later Collegium pastorale practicum (1757). The antagonism which Pontoppidan roused at Bergen, however, obliged him to go in 1754 to Copenhagen, where he became prochancellor at

1932-635: A period of creativity and optimism; Gaffa and the KaosPilot school were founded in 1983 and 1991 respectively, and Aarhus was at the centre of a renaissance in Danish rock and pop music launching bands and musicians such as TV2 , Gnags , Thomas Helmig , Bamses Venner , Anne Dorte Michelsen , Mek Pek and Shit & Chanel . Since the turn of the millennium, Aarhus has seen an unprecedented building boom with many new institutions, infrastructure projects, city districts and recreational areas. Several of

2070-631: A third of those employed within the Aarhus municipality commute from neighbouring communities. Aarhus is a centre for retail in the Nordic and Baltic countries, with expansive shopping centres, the busiest commercial street in the country and a dense urban core with many speciality shops. The job market is knowledge- and service-based, and the largest employment sectors are healthcare and social services, trade, education, consulting, research, industry and telecommunications. The municipality has more high- and middle-income jobs, and fewer low-income jobs, than

2208-415: A total of four churches. The 13th century also marks a thorough reorganisation, erasing most of the town's original layout with new streets, relocations, dismantling and new constructions. The Church clearly had the upper hand in the Aarhus region during medieval times, and the large bishopric of Aarhus prospered and expanded territory, reaching as far as Viborg in extent. In 1441, Christopher III issued

2346-491: A travelogue about Scandinavia. The book describes the sciu-crak as a massive "fish" which was many-horned or many-armed. The author also distinguished this from a sea-serpent . The kraken was described as a many-headed and clawed creature by Egede (1741)[1729], who stated it was equivalent to the Icelanders' hafgufa , but the latter is commonly treated as a fabulous whale. Erik Pontoppidan (1753), who popularized

2484-471: A variety of sea dwelling plants in Swedish, most notably furcellaria lumbricalis , a species of red algae . There is also the morphological derivation kräkla (dialectal Norwegian : krekle ), meaning crooked piece of wood, which has given name to primitive forms of whisks and beaters (cooking), made from the tops of trees by keeping a row of twigs as the beating element, resembling the appearance of

2622-557: A year (2012). Grain is the principal export, while feedstuffs , stone, cement and coal are among the chief imports. Since 2012 the port has faced increasing competition from the Port of Hamburg and freight volumes have decreased somewhat from the peak in 2008. The ferry terminal presents the only alternative to the Great Belt Link for passenger transport between Jutland and Zealand . It has served different ferry companies since

2760-538: A young and careless one", which washed ashore and died in 1680 near Alstahaug Church on the island of Alsta , Norway. He observed that it had long "arms", and guessed that it must have been crawling like a snail/slug with the use of these "arms", but got lodged in the landscape during the process. 20th century malacologist Paul Bartsch conjectured this to have been a giant squid , as did literary scholar Finnur Jónsson. However, what Pontoppidan actually stated regarding what creatures he regarded as candidates for

2898-614: Is 10 hours and 30 minutes. Aarhus is the seat of Aarhus Municipality, and Aarhus City Council ( Aarhus Byråd ) is also the municipal government with headquarters in Aarhus City Hall . The Mayor of Aarhus since 2010 is Jacob Bundsgaard of the Social Democrats . Municipal elections are held every fourth year on the third Tuesday of November with the next election in 2021. The city council consists of 31 members elected for four-year terms. When an election has determined

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3036-458: Is a legendary sea monster of enormous size, per its etymology something akin to a cephalopod , said to appear in the sea between Norway and Iceland . It is believed that the legend of the Kraken may have originated from sightings of giant squid , which may grow to 12–15 m (40–50 feet) in length. The kraken, as a subject of sailors' superstitions and mythos , was first described in

3174-465: Is a compound of the two Old Norse words; ár , genitive of á ("river", Modern Danish å ), and oss ("mouth") referencing the city's location at the mouth of Aarhus Å ( Aarhus River ). In Valdemar's Census Book (1231) the city was called Arus , and in Icelandic it was known as Aros , later written as Aars. The spelling "Aarhus" is first found in 1406 and gradually became

3312-497: Is a type of longship ), east of the Brabrand Lake close to Viby , and it was in use for more than 400 years from the late 700s till around the mid-1200s. Archaeological evidence indicates that Aarhus was a town as early as the last quarter of the 8th century. Discoveries after a 2003 archaeological dig included half-buried longhouses , firepits, glass pearls and a road dated to the late 700s. Several excavations in

3450-479: Is both younger and better-educated than the national average which can be attributed to the high concentration of educational institutions. More than 40% of the population have an academic degree while only some 14% have no secondary education or trade. The largest age group is 20- to 29-year-olds and the average age is 37.5, making it the youngest city in the country and one of its youngest municipalities. Women have slightly outnumbered men for many years. The city

3588-469: Is by far the largest religious institution both in the city and the country as a whole. Some 20% of the population are not officially affiliated with any religion, a percentage that has been slowly rising for many years. During the 1990s there was significant immigration from Turkey and in the 2000s, there was a fast growth in the overall immigrant community, from 27,783 people in 1999 to 40,431 in 2008. The majority of immigrants have roots outside Europe and

3726-701: Is etymologically related to Old Norse krókr , lit.   ' hook ' , cognate with "crook". This is backed up by the Swedish dictionary SAOB , published by the Swedish Academy , which gives essentially the exact same description for the word in Swedish and confirming the lead krak as a diminutive form of krok , Norwegian and Swedish for 'hook/crook' ( krake thus roughly translate to "crookie"). With time, "krake" have come to mean any severed tree stem or trunk with crooked outgrowths, in turn giving name to objects and tools based on such, notably for

3864-458: Is home to 75 different religious groups and denominations, most of which are Christian or Muslim with a smaller number of Buddhist, Hindu, and Jewish communities. Since the 1990s there has been a marked growth in diverse new spiritual groups although the total number of followers remains small. The majority of the population are members of the Protestant state church, Church of Denmark , which

4002-586: Is home to a Bronze Age barrow shrouded in local myths and legends. The hilly area around Aarhus consists of a morainal plateau from the last ice age, broken by a complex system of tunnel valleys . The most prominent valleys of this network are the Aarhus Valley in the south, stretching inland east–west with the Aarhus River, Brabrand Lake, Årslev Lake and Tåstrup Lake, and the Egå Valley to

4140-493: Is named jättekrake ("giant kraken") in Swedish and Gewöhnlicher Krake ("common kraken") in German. The family Octopodidae is also known as Echte Kraken ("true krakens") in German. In Icelandic , octopoda is instead named kolkrabbar ("coal crabs") after the crab nickname, the common octopus simply named kolkrabbi . The Swedish diminutive form kräkel , a word for a branchy/spiny piece of wood, have given name to

4278-474: Is predominantly knowledge- and service-based, strongly influenced by the University of Aarhus and the large healthcare industry. The service sector dominates the economy and is growing as the city transitions away from manufacturing. Trade and transportation remain important sectors, benefiting from the large port and central position on the rail network. Manufacturing has been in slow but steady decline since

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4416-715: Is suggesting this is an ancient example of kraken , as a modern commentator analyzes. Pontoppidan then declared the kraken to be a type of polypus (=octopus) or "starfish", particularly the kind Gessner called Stella Arborescens , later identifiable as one of the northerly ophiurids or possibly more specifically as one of the Gorgonocephalids or even the genus Gorgonocephalus (though no longer regarded as family/genus under order Ophiurida , but under Phrynophiurida in current taxonomy). This ancient arbor (admixed rota and thus made eight-armed) seems like an octopus at first blush but with additional data,

4554-543: Is the longest cathedral in Denmark with a total length of 93 m (305 ft). The Church of our Lady ( Vor Frue Kirke ) was originally built in 1060, making it the oldest stone church in Scandinavia. The City Hall , designed by Arne Jacobsen and Erik Møller , was completed in 1941 in a modern Functionalist style. Aarhus Theatre , the largest provincial theatre in Denmark, opposite the cathedral on Bispetorvet,

4692-589: Is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus Municipality . It is located on the eastern shore of Jutland in the Kattegat sea and approximately 187 kilometres (116 mi) northwest of Copenhagen . Dating back to the late 8th century, Aarhus was founded as a harbour settlement at the mouth of the Aarhus River and quickly became a trade hub. The first Christian church was built here around

4830-958: The Atlantic Wall in west Jutland and cargo headed for Germany. Combined, these factors resulted in a strong German presence, especially in 1944–45. Small resistance groups first appeared in 1941–42 but the first to co-ordinate with the Freedom Council was the Samsing Group , responsible for most operations from early 1943. The Samsing group, along with others in and around Aarhus, was dismantled in June 1944 when Grethe "Thora" Bartram turned her family and acquaintances over to German authorities. In response, requests for assistance were sent to contacts in England and in October 1944

4968-658: The Baltic Sea . The ARoS Art Museum , the Old Town Museum and Tivoli Friheden are among Denmark's top tourist attractions . With a combined total of almost 1.4 million visitors they represent the driving force behind tourism but other venues such as Moesgård Museum and Kvindemuseet are also popular. The city's extensive shopping facilities are also said to be a major attraction for tourists, as are festivals, especially NorthSide and SPOT . Many visitors arrive on cruise ships: in 2012, 18 vessels visited

5106-624: The Danish straits and the fertile countryside. The trade, however, was not nearly as prominent as that in Ribe and Hedeby during the Viking Age, and it was primarily linked to Norway as evidenced by archaeological finds. A shipbuilding yard from the Viking Age was uncovered upriver in 2002 by archaeologists. It was located at a place formerly known as Snekkeeng , or Snekke Meadow in English ('Snekke'

5244-690: The Folketing (national Parliament). The diocese of Aarhus has four deaneries composed of 60 parishes within Aarhus municipality. Aarhus municipality contains 21 postal districts and some parts of another 9. The urban area of Aarhus and the immediate suburbs are divided into the districts Aarhus C , Aarhus N , Aarhus V , Viby J , Højbjerg and Brabrand . Aarhus has increasingly been investing in environmental planning and, in accordance with national policy, aims to be CO 2 -neutral and independent of fossil fuels for heating by 2030. The municipal power plants were adapted for this purpose in

5382-605: The Peter group . The increasingly destructive occupation was compounded when an ammunition barge exploded in July 1944, destroying much of the harbour area. On 5 May 1945 German forces in Denmark surrendered but during the transitional period fighting broke out resulting in 22 dead. On 8 May the British Royal Dragoons entered the city. In the 1970s and 1980s the city entered a period of rapid economic growth and

5520-672: The Royal Air Force bombed the Gestapo headquarters successfully destroying archives and obstructing the ongoing investigation. In the summer of 1944 the Copenhagen-based resistance group Holger Danske helped establish the 5 Kolonne group and an SOE agent arrived from England to liaison with the L-groups . Subsequently, resistance operations escalated which was countered with Schalburgtage terror operations by

5658-617: The Royal Greenland Trading Department and was a councilman in Copenhagen. Pontoppidan's Heller Glaubensspiegel was an influence on Swedish Lutheran lay preacher Carl Olof Rosenius , impressing upon him the importance of conversion and having a living faith. Aarhus Aarhus ( / ˈ ɔːr h uː s / , US also / ˈ ɑːr -/ , Danish: [ˈɒːˌhuˀs] ; officially spelled Århus from 1948 until 1 January 2011)

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5796-476: The Swedish wars and trade was dampened by the preferential treatment of the capital by the state. Not until the middle of the 18th century did growth return, in large part due to trade with the large agricultural catchment areas around the city; grain, particularly, proved to be a remunerative export. The first factories were established at this time, as the Industrial Revolution reached

5934-589: The Teufelwal ('devil whale') of the Germans follow in the list. It is in his chapter on the "colossal octopus" that Montfort provides the contemporary eyewitness example of a group of sailors who encounter the giant off the coast of Angola , who afterwards deposited a pictorial commemoration of the event as a votive offering at St. Thomas's chapel in Saint-Malo , France. Based on that picture, Montfort drew

6072-781: The University of Copenhagen to study theology, earning his certificate ( attestats ) in 1718. Pontoppidan worked as a private tutor in Norway in 1719–1720. He was then engaged as hovmester for Ivar Huitfeldt 's son Claus with whom he went to the Netherlands and England (1720–1721). During their stay in Utrecht , he came into personal contact with the then-influential reformed theologian Friedrich Adolph Lampe , whose theological thinking left an impression on him. In 1721 he became private tutor for Frederick Carl of Carlstein (later duke of Plön ), and two years later morning preacher in

6210-428: The district heating system. Since 2015, the city has been implementing energy-saving LED technology in street lighting; by January 2019, about half of the municipal street lighting had been changed. Apart from reducing the city's CO 2 emissions, it saves 30% on the electricity bill, thereby making it a self-financed project over a 20-year period. The municipality aims for a coherent and holistic administration of

6348-527: The dockyard Aarhus Flydedok and the oil mill Århus Oliefabrik . Aarhus became the largest provincial city in the country by the turn of the century and the city marketed itself as the "Capital of Jutland". The population increased from 15,000 in 1870 to 52,000 in 1901 and, in response, the city annexed large land areas to develop new residential quarters such as Trøjborg , Frederiksbjerg and Marselisborg . Many of its cultural institutions were also established at this time such as Aarhus Theatre (1900),

6486-709: The octroi was abolished and the city walls were removed to provide easier access for trade. Regular steamship links with Copenhagen had begun with the Jylland in 1825–26 and the Dania (1827–36), and in 1862 Jutland's first railway was established between Aarhus and Randers . In the second half of the 19th century, industrialisation came into full effect and a number of new industries emerged around production and refinement of agricultural products, especially oil and butter. Many companies from this time would come to leave permanent iconic marks on Aarhus. The Ceres Brewery

6624-718: The pre-quaternary . By contrast, the Aarhus River Valley and the Giber River Valley are late glacial meltwater valleys . The coastal cliffs along the Bay of Aarhus consist of shallow tertiary clay from the Eocene and Oligocene (57 to 24 million years ago). Aarhus has a temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ) and the weather is constantly influenced by major weather systems from all four ordinal directions , resulting in unstable conditions throughout

6762-611: The synod of Ingelheim in Germany, but the late Viking Age during the Christianization of Scandinavia was a turbulent and violent time with several naval attacks on the town, such as Harald Hardrada 's assault around 1050, when the Holy Trinity Church was burned to the ground. Despite the conflicts, Aarhus continued to prosper from the trade and the finding of six runestones in and around Aarhus indicates

6900-472: The university in the following year. However, all his plans in this capacity were thwarted by his opponents, and he sought consolation in writing, the results being his Origines Hafnienses (1760) and the first two parts of his Den danske Atlas (1763–1767), of which the last five volumes were edited posthumously. He was also active as a political economist, being the editor of Danmarks og Norges ökonomiske Magazin (8 vols., 1757–1764). Pontoppidan argued for

7038-421: The water cycle to protect against, and clean up previous, pollution as well as encourage green growth and self-sufficiency. The main issues are excessive nutrients , adapting to increased (and increasing) levels of precipitation brought on by climate change , and securing the water supply. These goals have manifested in a number of large water treatment projects often in collaboration with private partners. In

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7176-400: The "colossal octopus" with the enduring image of it attacking a ship, and the "kraken octopod", deemed to be the largest organism in zoology. Denys-Montfort matched his "colossal" with Pliny's tale of the giant polypus that attacked ships-wrecked people, while making correspondence between his kraken and Pliny's monster called the arbor marina . Finnur Jónsson (1920) also favored identifying

7314-508: The "kraken" by American zoologist Packard . The Frenchman Montfort used the obsolete scientific name Sepia octopodia but called it a poulpe , which means "octopus" to this day; meanwhile the English-speaking naturalists had developed the convention of calling the octopus "eight-armed cuttle-fish", as did Packard and Hamilton, even though modern-day speakers are probably unfamiliar with that name. Having accepted as fact that

7452-418: The 1844 elections, only 174 citizens qualified out of a total population of more than 7,000. The first city council, mainly composed of wealthy merchants and industrialists, quickly looked to improve the harbour, situated along the Aarhus River . Larger ships and growing freight volumes made a river harbour increasingly impractical. In 1840, the harbour was moved to the coast, north of the river, where it became

7590-420: The 1960s while agriculture has long been a marginal sector within the municipality. The municipality is home to 175,000 jobs with some 100,000 in the private sector and the rest split between state, region and municipality. The region is a major agricultural producer , with many large farms in the outlying districts. People commute to Aarhus from as far away as Randers , Silkeborg and Skanderborg and almost

7728-506: The 19th century. The city began to grow significantly as trade prospered in the mid-18th century, but not until the mid-19th century did the Industrial Revolution bring real growth in population. The first railway line in Jutland was built here in 1862. In 1928, the first university in Jutland was founded in Aarhus and today it is a university city and the largest centre for trade, services, industry, and tourism in Jutland. Aarhus Cathedral

7866-539: The 2000s, underground rainwater basins were built across the city while the two lakes Årslev Engsø and Egå Engsø were created in 2003 and 2006 respectively. The number of sewage treatment plants is planned to be reduced from 17 to 2 by 2025, as the treatment plants in Marselisborg and Egå are scheduled for expansion to take over all waste water treatment. They have already been refitted for biogas production to become net producers of electricity and heat. To aid

8004-536: The 2010s. In 2015, the municipality took over three private straw -fired heating plants and the year after, a new 77 MW combined heat and power biomass plant at Lisbjerg Power Station was completed while Studstrup Power Station finished a refit to move from coal to wood chips. In conjunction with the development of the Docklands district there are plans for a utility-scale seawater heat pump which will take advantage of fluctuating electricity prices to supply

8142-614: The Aa spelling as an alternative and most newspapers and public institutions will accept either. Some official authorities such as the Danish Language Committee , publisher of the Danish Orthographic Dictionary , still retain Århus as the main name, providing Aarhus as a second option, in brackets and some institutions are still using Århus explicitly in their official name, such as

8280-536: The Aarhus Bay imposing a temperate effect on the low-lying valley floor where central Aarhus is located. Brabrand Lake to the west further contributes to this effect and as a result, the valley has a comparably mild, temperate climate. The sandy ground on the valley floor dries up quickly after winter and warms faster in the summer than the surrounding hills of moist-retaining boulder clay . These conditions affect crops and plants that often bloom 1–2 weeks earlier in

8418-446: The Bay of Aarhus provides a natural harbour with a depth of 10 m (33 ft) quite close to the shore. Aarhus was founded at the mouth of a brackish water fjord , but the original fjord no longer exists, as it has gradually narrowed into what is now the Aarhus River and the Brabrand Lake , due to natural sedimentation . The land around Aarhus was once covered by forests, remains of which exist in parts of Marselisborg Forest to

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8556-616: The Danish Preserved Butter Company in 1874, focusing on butter export to England, China and Africa and later founded the Aarhus Butterine Company in 1883, the first Danish margarine factory. His company became an important local employer, with factory employees increasing from 100 in 1896 to 1,000 in 1931, partaking in the effective transformation of the city from a regional trade hub to an industrial centre. Other new factories of note included

8694-470: The German advance through Jutland. The war and occupation left a notable impact on the city as many streets, particularly on Frederiksbjerg , are named after Danish officers of the time. Fifteen years later, in 1864, the city was occupied again, this time for seven months, during the Second Schleswig War . In spite of wars and occupation, the city continued to expand and develop. In 1851,

8832-523: The Moesgård Museum, Gender Museum Denmark , Musikhuset Aarhus and Aarhus Theatre . Known as Smilets By (lit. City of Smiles) it is the Danish city with the youngest demographics and home to Scandinavia 's largest university, Aarhus University . Commercially, the city is the principal container port in the country, and major Danish companies such as Vestas , Arla Foods , Salling Group , and Jysk have their headquarters there. Aarhus

8970-518: The Old . The fortifications were later improved and expanded by his son Harald Bluetooth , encircling the settlement much like the defence structures found at Viking ring fortresses elsewhere. Together with the town's geographical placement, this suggests that Aros became an important military centre in the Viking Age. There are also strong indications of a former royal residence from the same period in Viby ,

9108-476: The United Kingdom. Overall, they spend roughly DKK 3 billion (€402 million) in the city each year. The primary motivation for tourists choosing Aarhus as a destination is experiencing the city and culture, family and couples vacation or as a part of a round trip in Denmark. The average stay is little more than three days on average. Kraken The kraken ( / ˈ k r ɑː k ən / )

9246-407: The Viking Age, were abandoned to accommodate expansion. Parts of the ramparts still exist today and can be experienced as steep slopes at the riverside, and they have also survived in some place names of the inner city, including the streets of Volden (The Rampart) and Graven (The Moat). Aarhus grew to become one of the largest cities in the country by the early 16th century. In 1657, octroi

9384-618: The aforementioned Kurzgefasste Reformationshistorie der dänischen Kirche . Pontoppidan became successively pastor in Hillerød and castle preacher in Frederiksborg (1734), Danish court preacher at Copenhagen (1735), professor extraordinary of theology at the University (1738), and a member of the mission board (1740), meanwhile writing his Everriculum fermenti veteris (1736) and Böse Sprichwörter (1739). In 1736 Pontoppidan

9522-459: The artificial elevation of the bottom and by his secretions attracts fish there. But if those fishing notices that the kraken is rising, it is necessary to row away for all the boat can take. After a few minutes, the beast can then be seen lifting the upper part of its body above the surface of the water, which for a quarter of a mile (ca 1.5 mi.) in circumference appears as a collection of skerries , covered with swaying, seaweed-like growths. Finally,

9660-403: The bay to the northeast. Mols and Helgenæs are both part of the larger regional peninsula of Djursland . A number of larger cities and towns is within easy reach from Aarhus by road and rail, including Randers (38.5 kilometres (23.9 mi) by road north), Grenå (northeast), Horsens (50 kilometres (31 mi) south) and Silkeborg (44 kilometres (27 mi) east). At Aarhus's location,

9798-673: The castle and afternoon preacher in Nordborg. From 1726 to 1734 he was pastor at Hagenberg, where he so protected the pietists as to find it advisable to defend his course against the Lutherans with Dialogus; oder Unterredung Severi, Sinceri, und Simplicis von der Religion and Reinheit der Lehre (1726) and Heller Glaubensspiegel (1727). During this same period he laid the foundation of his later topographical and historical works in Memoria Hafniæ (1729); Theatrum Daniæ (1736); and

9936-479: The catch was so plentiful (hence the saying "You must have fished on Kraken" ). However, there was also the danger to seamen of being engulfed by the whirlpool when it submerged, and this whirlpool was compared to Norway's famed Moskstraumen often known as "the Maelstrom". Pontoppidan also described the destructive potential of the giant beast: "it is said that if [the creature's arms] were to lay hold of

10074-435: The city had some significance around the year 1000, as only wealthy nobles traditionally used them. The bishopric diocese was obliterated for almost a hundred years after Reginbrand in 988, but in 1060 a new bishop Christian was ordained and he founded a new church in Aarhus, Sankt Nicolai Domkirke ( St. Nicholas Cathedral ), this time in stone. It was erected outside the town fortifications, and stood finished in 1070 at

10212-507: The city seaside, are being converted to new mixed-use districts. It is among the largest harbourfront projects in Europe. The northern part dubbed Aarhus Ø ( Aarhus Docklands ) is almost finished as of 2018, while the southern district dubbed Sydhavnskvarteret (The South-harbour neighbourhood) is only starting to be developed. The adjacent site of Frederiks Plads at the former DSB repair facilities have been under construction since 2014 as

10350-445: The city, such as the Aarhus River, changed from Århus Å to Aarhus Å . Founded in the early Viking Age , Aarhus is one of the oldest cities in Denmark, along with Ribe and Hedeby . The original Aros settlement was situated on the northern shores of a fjord by the mouth of the Aarhus River , right where the city center is today. It quickly became a hub for sea-going trade due to its position on intersecting trade routes in

10488-450: The claim that Linnaeus used the word "kraken" in the margin of a later edition of Systema Naturae has not been confirmed. The English word "kraken" (in the sense of sea monster) derives from Norwegian kraken or krakjen , which are the definite forms of krake ("the krake"). According to a Norwegian dictionary, the root meaning of krake is "malformed or overgrown, crooked tree". It originates from Old Norse kraki , which

10626-411: The coast on a hot summer's day in a calm, and according to normal calculations should find a depth of 80–100 fathoms (140–180 metres (460–590 ft) deep), it sometimes happens that the plummet bottoms at 20–30 fathoms (35–50 metres (115–164 ft) deep). But in this water stand the most abundant shoals of cod and lings . Then you can assume that the kraken lurks down there; as it is he who forms

10764-417: The composition of the council, it elects a mayor, two deputy mayors and five aldermen from their ranks. Anyone who is eligible to vote and who resides within the municipality can run for a seat on the city council provided they can secure endorsements and signatures from 50 inhabitants of the municipality. The first publicly elected mayor of Aarhus was appointed in 1919. In the 1970 Danish Municipal Reform

10902-491: The construction projects are among the largest in Europe, such as the New University Hospital (DNU) and the harbourfront redevelopment. Both the skyline and land use of the inner city is changing, as former industrial sites are being redeveloped into new city districts and neighbourhoods. Starting in 2008, the former docklands known as De Bynære Havnearealer (The Peri-urban Harbour-areas), and closest to

11040-422: The country, and in 1810 the harbour was expanded to accommodate growing trade. Aarhus began to prosper in the 1830s as the industrial revolution reached the city and factories with steam-driven machinery became more productive. In 1838, the electoral laws were reformed leading to elections for the 15 seats on the city council. The rules were initially very strict, allowing only the wealthiest citizens to run. In

11178-497: The country, commenced in 2013, and the first increment was finished in December 2017. Since then, the lightrail service has been expanded with two intercity sections to the towns of Odder and Grenå , respectively, and also includes a northward leg to the suburb of Lisbjerg . The light rail system is planned to tie many other suburbs closer to central Aarhus in the future, with the next phase including local lines to Brabrand in

11316-465: The current Aarhus municipality was created by merging 20 municipalities. Aarhus was the seat of Aarhus County until the 2007 Danish municipal reform, which substituted the Danish counties with five regions and replaced Aarhus County with Central Denmark Region ( Region Midtjylland ), seated in Viborg . Aarhus Municipality has 45 electoral wards and polling stations in four electoral districts for

11454-533: The developed world, comprising some 25,000 people from 130 different nationalities, with the largest groups coming from the Middle East and North Africa. Some 15,000 have come from within Europe, with Poland, Germany, Romania and Norway being the largest contributors. Many immigrants have established themselves in the suburbs of Brabrand , Hasle and Viby , where the percentage of inhabitants with foreign origins has risen by 66% since 2000. This has resulted in

11592-495: The early 2000s, the city has experienced an influx of larger companies moving from other parts of the Jutland peninsula. The Port of Aarhus is one of the largest industrial ports in northern Europe with the largest container terminal in Denmark, processing more than 50% of Denmark's container traffic and accommodating the largest container vessels in the world. It is a municipal self-governing port with independent finances. The facilities handle some 9.5 million tonnes of cargo

11730-473: The east and Hinnerup to the north. Accelerating growth since the early 2000s, brought the inner urban area to roughly 260,000 inhabitants by 2014. The rapid growth is expected to continue until at least 2030 when Aarhus municipality has set an ambitious target for 375,000 inhabitants. Aarhus is located at the Bay of Aarhus facing the Kattegat sea in the east with the peninsulas of Mols and Helgenæs across

11868-492: The end though, Pontoppidan again appears ambivalent, stating "Polype, or Star-fish [belongs to] the whole genus of Kors-Trold ['cross troll'], ... some that are much larger, .. even the very largest ... of the ocean", and concluding that "this Krake must be of the Polypus kind". By "this Krake" here, he apparently meant in particular the giant polypus octopus of Carteia from Pliny, Book IX, Ch. 30 (though he only used

12006-565: The existence of the sea serpent , the kraken and the mermaid in his two-volume work, Forsøk til Norges naturlige historie (The Natural History of Norway) , published in 1752 and 1753. Herman Melville , in his novel Moby-Dick , talks about "the great Kraken of Bishop Pontoppodan". Jules Verne , in his novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas , references this aspect of Pontoppidan's work. The narrator, Professor Aronnax, explains that "another bishop, Pontoppidan of Bergen, also tells of

12144-427: The first steamship route to Copenhagen opened in 1830. Currently, Mols-Linien operates the route and annually transports some two million passengers and a million vehicles. Additional roll-on/roll-off cargo ferries serve Finland and Kalundborg on a weekly basis and smaller outlying Danish ports at irregular intervals. Since the early 2000s the port has increasingly become a destination for cruise lines operating in

12282-452: The general category of "sea spectre" ( Danish : søe-trold og [ søe ]- spøgelse ), adding that "the Draw" ( Danish : Drauen , definite form) was another being within that sea spectre classification. Egede also made the aforementioned identification of krake as being the same as the hafgufa of the Icelanders, though he seemed to have obtained the information indirectly from

12420-688: The general nickname " ozaena " 'stinkard' for the octopus kind). In 1802, the French malacologist Pierre Denys de Montfort recognized the existence of two "species" of giant octopuses in Histoire Naturelle Générale et Particulière des Mollusques , an encyclopedic description of mollusks. The "colossal giant" was supposedly the same as Pliny 's "monstrous polypus", which was a man-killer which ripped apart ( Latin : distrahit ) shipwrecked people and divers. Montfort accompanied his publication with an engraving representing

12558-399: The giant octopus poised to destroy a three-masted ship. Whereas the "kraken octopus", was the most gigantic animal on the planet in the writer's estimation, dwarfing Pliny's "colossal octopus"/"monstrous polypus", and identified here as the aforementioned Pliny's monster, called the arbor marinus . Montfort also listed additional wondrous fauna as identifiable with the kraken. There

12696-568: The image of a cephalopod or similar. This idea seems to first have been notably remarked by Icelandic philologist Finnur Jónsson in 1920. A synonym for kraken has also been krabbe (see below), which further indicates a name-theme referencing drags. Besides kraken , the monster went under a variety of names early on, the most common after kraken being horven ("the horv"). Icelandic philologist Finnur Jónsson explained this name in 1920 as an alternative form of harv ( lit.   ' harrow ' ) and conjectured that this name

12834-409: The inner city since the 1960s have revealed wells, streets, homes and workshops, and inside the buildings and adjoining archaeological layers, everyday utensils like combs, jewellery and basic multi-purpose tools from approximately the year 900 have been unearthed. The early town was fortified with defensive earthen ramparts in the first part of the 900s, possibly in the year 934 on order from king Gorm

12972-466: The kraken as an inkfish (squid/octopus) on etymological grounds. The krake (English: kraken) was described by Hans Egede in his Det gamle Grønlands nye perlustration (1729; Ger. t. 1730; tr. Description of Greenland , 1745), drawing from the fables of his native region, the Nordlandene len  [ no ] of Norway, then under Danish rule. According to his Norwegian informants,

13110-447: The kraken as an octopus (polypus) of tremendous size, and wrote that it had a reputation for pulling down ships. The French malacologist Denys-Montfort , of the 19th century, is also known for his pioneering inquiries into the existence of gigantic octopuses ( Octupi ). The great man-killing octopus entered French fiction when novelist Victor Hugo (1866) introduced the pieuvre octopus of Guernsey lore, which he identified with

13248-520: The kraken is quite complicated. Pontoppidan did tentatively identify the kraken to be a sort of giant crab, stating that the alias krabben best describes its characteristics. However, further down in his writing, compares the creature to some creature(s) from Pliny, Book IX, Ch. 4: the sea-monster called arbor , with tree-branch like multiple arms, complicated by the fact that Pontoppidan adds another of Pliny's creature called rota with eight arms, and conflates them into one organism. Pontoppidan

13386-566: The kraken of legend. This led to Jules Verne 's depiction of the kraken, although Verne did not distinguish between squid and octopus. Linnaeus may have indirectly written about the kraken. Linnaeus wrote about the Microcosmus genus (an animal with various other organisms or growths attached to it, comprising a colony). Subsequent authors have referred to Linnaeus's writing, and the writings of Bartholin 's cetus called hafgufa , and Paullini 's monstrum marinum as "krakens". That said,

13524-430: The kraken to the world, noted that it was multiple-armed according to lore, and conjectured it to be a giant sea-crab, starfish or a polypus (octopus). Still, the bishop is considered to have been instrumental in sparking interest for the kraken in the English-speaking world, as well as becoming regarded as the authority on sea-serpents and krakens. Although it has been stated that the kraken ( Norwegian : krake )

13662-496: The kraken's body measured many miles in length, and when it surfaced it seemed to cover the whole sea, further described as "having many heads and a number of claws". With its claws it captured its prey, which included ships, men, fish, and animals, carrying its victims back into the depths. Egede conjectured that the krake was equatable to the monster that the Icelanders call hafgufa , but as he had not obtained anything related to him through an informant, he had difficulty describing

13800-410: The largest man-of-war , they would pull it down to the bottom". Kraken purportedly exclusively fed for several months, then spent the following few months emptying its excrement, and the thickened clouded water attracted fish. Later Henry Lee commented that the supposed excreta may have been the discharge of ink by a cephalopod. Pontoppidan wrote of a possible specimen of the krake, "perhaps

13938-409: The largest dairy groups in Europe, Salling Group , Denmark's largest retailer, Jysk , a worldwide retailer of household goods, Vestas , a global wind turbine manufacturer, Terma A/S , a major defence and aerospace manufacturer, Per Aarsleff , a civil engineering company and several large retail companies. Other large employers of note include Krifa, Systematic A/S , ), and Bestseller A/S . Since

14076-535: The largest industrial harbour outside Copenhagen over the following 15 years. From the outset, the new harbour was controlled by the city council, as it is to this day. During the First Schleswig War , Aarhus was occupied by German troops from 21 June to 24 July 1849. The city was spared any fighting, but in Vejlby north of the city a cavalry skirmish known as Rytterfægtningen took place which stopped

14214-410: The latter. According to the lore of Norwegian fishermen, they could mount upon the fish-attracting kraken as if it were a sand-bank ( Fiske-Grund 'fishing shoal '), but if they ever had the misfortune to capture the kraken, getting it entangled on their hooks, the only way to avoid destruction was to pronounce its name to make it go back to its depths. Egede also wrote that the krake fell under

14352-407: The local newspaper Århus Stiftstidende and the schools Århus Kunstakademi and Århus Statsgymnasium . "Aa" was used by some major institutions between 1948 and 2011 as well, such as Aarhus University or the largest local sports club, Aarhus Gymnastikforening (AGF), which has never used the "Å" spelling. Certain geographically affiliated names have been updated to reflect the name of

14490-579: The medieval Norwegian treatise, the Speculum Regale (or King's Mirror , c.  1250 ). Later, David Crantz  [ de ] in Historie von Grönland ( History of Greenland , 1765) also reported kraken and the hafgufa to be synonymous. An English translator of the King's Mirror in 1917 opted to translate hafgufa as kraken . The hafgufa (described as the largest of

14628-409: The modern era in a travelogue by Francesco Negri in 1700. This description was followed in 1734 by an account from Dano-Norwegian missionary and explorer Hans Egede , who described the kraken in detail and equated it with the hafgufa of medieval lore. However, the first description of the creature is usually credited to the Danish bishop Pontoppidan (1753). Pontoppidan was the first to describe

14766-423: The national average. Today, te majority of the largest companies in the municipality are in the sectors of trade, transport and media. The wind power industry has strong roots in Aarhus and the larger region of Central Jutland , and nationally, most of the revenue in the industry is generated by companies in the greater Aarhus area. The wind industry employs about a thousand people within the municipality, making it

14904-531: The new treatment plants, and avoid floodings, sewage and stormwater throughout the municipality is planned to be separated into two different drainage systems. Construction began in 2017 in several areas, but it is a long process that is scheduled to be finished by 2085. Afforestation projects have been undertaken to prevent groundwater pollution , secure drinking water, sequester CO 2 , increase biodiversity , create an attractive countryside, provide easy access to nature and offer outdoor activities to

15042-440: The norm in the 17th century. With the Danish spelling reform of 1948 , "Aa" was changed to "Å". Some Danish cities resisted the change but Aarhus city council opted to change the name. In 2010, the city council voted to change the name back from Århus to Aarhus again with effect from 1 January 2011. It is still grammatically correct to write geographical names with the letter Å and local councils are allowed to use

15180-439: The north, with the stream of Egåen , Egå Engsø , the bog of Geding-Kasted Mose and Geding Lake . Most parts of the two valleys have been drained and subsequently farmed, but in the early 2000s some of the drainage was removed and parts of the wetlands were restored for environmental reasons. The valley system also includes the stream of Lyngbygård Å in the west and valleys to the south of the city, following erosion channels from

15318-405: The oldest known charter granting market town status, although similar privileges may have existed as far back as the 12th century. The charter is the first official recognition of the town as a regional power and is by some considered Aarhus's birth certificate. The commercial and religious status spurred town growth, and in 1477 the defensive earthen ramparts, which had ringed the town since

15456-413: The ophiurid starfish now appears bishop's preferential choice. The ophiurid starfish seems further fortified when he notes that "starfish" called "Medusa's heads" ( caput medusæ ; pl. capita medusæ ) are considered to be "the young of the great sea-krake" by local lore. Pontoppidan ventured the 'young krakens' may rather be the eggs ( ova ) of the starfish. Pontopiddan was satisfied that "Medusa's heads"

15594-477: The original State Library (1902), Aarhus University (1928) and several hospitals. On 9 April 1940, Nazi Germany invaded Denmark, occupying Aarhus the following day; the occuption lasted for five years. This was a destructive period with major disasters, loss of life and economic depression. The Port of Aarhus became a hub for supplies to the Baltics and Norway , while the surrounding rail network supplied

15732-422: The persistently accepted notion that the kraken originated from the hafgufa . Erik Pontoppidan's Det første Forsøg paa Norges naturlige Historie (1752, actually volume 2, 1753) made several claims regarding kraken, including the notion that the creature was sometimes mistaken for a group of small islands with fish swimming in-between, Norwegian fishermen often took the risk of trying to fish over kraken, since

15870-455: The port with over 38,000 passengers. In the 2010s, there was a significant expansion of tourist facilities, culminating in the opening of the 240-room Comwell Hotel in July 2014, which increased the number of hotel rooms in the city by 25%. Some estimates put the number of visitors spending at least one night as high as 750,000 a year, most of them Danes from other regions, with the remainder coming mainly from Norway, Sweden, northern Germany and

16008-481: The public. In 2000, the first project, the New Forests of Aarhus , was completed, which aimed to double the forest cover in the municipality and, in 2009, another phase was announced to double forest cover once more before the year 2030. The afforestation plans were realised as a local project in collaboration with private landowners, under a larger national agenda. Other projects to expand natural habitats include

16146-459: The same fate. He proposed, by process of elimination, that such an event could only be accounted for as the work of many octopuses. But it has been pointed out the sinkings have simply been explained by the presence of a storm, and there appeared a surviving witness that stated they ran into a hurricane. Montfort's involving octopuses as complicit has been characterized as "reckless falsity". It has also been noted that Montfort once quipped to

16284-533: The sea monsters, inhabiting the Greenland Sea ) from the King's Mirror continues to be identified with the kraken in some scholarly writings, and if this equivalence were allowed, the kraken-hafgufa's range would extend, at least legendarily, to waters approaching Helluland ( Baffin Island , Canada), as described in Örvar-Odds saga . The description of the hafgufa in the King's Mirror suggests

16422-410: The service sector overtook trade, industry and crafts as the leading sector of employment for the first time. Workers gradually began commuting to the city from most of east and central Jutland as the region became more interconnected. The student population tripled between 1965 and 1977 turning the city into a Danish centre of research and education. The growing and comparably young population initiated

16560-557: The site where Church of Our Lady stands today, but only an underground crypt remains. The growing influence of the Church during the Middle Ages gradually turned Aarhus, with its bishopric, into a prosperous religious centre. Many public and religious buildings were built in and around the town; notably Aarhus Cathedral was initiated in the late 12th century by the influential bishop Peder Vognsen , and around 1200, Aros had

16698-472: The south and Riis Skov to the north. Several lakes extend west from the inner city as the landscape merges with the larger region of Søhøjlandet with heights exceeding 152 metres (499 ft) at Himmelbjerget between Skanderborg and Silkeborg . The highest natural point in Aarhus Municipality is Jelshøj at 128 metres above sea level, in the southern district of Højbjerg . The hilltop

16836-553: The subject matter, primitive anchors and drags ( grapnel anchors ) made from severed spruce tops or branchy bush trunks outfitted with a stone sinker, known as krake , but also krabbe in Norwegian or krabba in Swedish ( lit.   ' crab ' ). Old Norse kraki mostly corresponds to these uses in modern Icelandic , meaning, among other things, "twig" and "drag", but also "pole/stake used in pole blockages  [ sv ] " and " boat hook ". Swedish SAOB gives

16974-485: The surrounding, open land. Western winds from the Atlantic and North Sea are dominant resulting in more precipitation in western Denmark. In addition, Jutland rises sufficiently in the centre to lift air to higher, colder altitudes contributing to increased precipitation in eastern Jutland. Combined, these factors make east and south Jutland comparatively wetter than other parts of the country. Average temperature over

17112-399: The translations of Icelandic kraki as "thin rod with hook on it", "wooden drag with stone sinker" and "dry spruce trunk with the crooked, stripped branches still attached". Kraken is assumed to have been named figuratively after the meaning “crooked tree” or its derivate meaning “drag”, as trunks with crooked branches or outgrowths, and especially drags, wooden or not, readily conjure up

17250-457: The valley than on the northern and southern hillsides. Because of the northern latitude, the number of daylight hours varies considerably between summer and winter. On the summer solstice, the sun rises at 04:26 and sets at 21:58, providing 17 hours 32 minutes of daylight. On the winter solstice, it rises at 08:37 and sets at 15:39 with 7 hours and 2 minutes of daylight. The difference in length of days and nights between summer and winter solstices

17388-413: The year 900 and later in the Viking Age the town was fortified with defensive ramparts. The bishopric of Aarhus grew steadily stronger and more prosperous, building several religious institutions in the town during the early Middle Ages . Trade continued to improve, although it was not until 1441 that Aarhus was granted market town privileges, and the population of Aarhus remained relatively stable until

17526-399: The year is 8.43 °C (47.17 °F) with February being the coldest month (0.1 °C or 32.2 °F) and August the warmest (15.9 °C or 60.6 °F). Temperatures in the sea can reach 17–22 °C (63–72 °F) in June to August, but it is not uncommon for beaches to register 25 °C (77 °F) locally. The geography in the area affects the local climate of the city with

17664-506: The year. Temperature varies a great deal across the seasons with a mild spring in April and May, warmer summer months from June to August, frequently rainy and windy autumn months in October and September and cooler winter months, often with frost and occasional snow, from December to March. The city centre experiences the same climatic effects as other larger cities with higher wind speeds, more fog, less precipitation and higher temperatures than

17802-548: Was Paullini 's monstrum marinum glossed as a sea crab ( German : Seekrabbe ), which a later biologist has suggested to be one of the Hyas spp. It was also described as resembling Gessner's Cancer heracleoticus crab alleged to appear off the Finnish coast. von Bergen 's " bellua marina omnium vastissima " (meaning 'vastest-of-all sea-beast'), namely the trolwal ('ogre whale', 'troll whale') of Northern Europe, and

17940-465: Was "described for the first time by that name" in the writings of Erik Pontoppidan , bishop of Bergen , in his Det første Forsøg paa Norges naturlige Historie "The First Attempt at [a] Natural History of Norway" (1752–53), a German source qualified Pontoppidan to be the first source on kraken available to be read in the German language. A description of the kraken had been anticipated by Hans Egede . Denys-Montfort (1801) published on two giants,

18078-723: Was Lina (Ellina) Danielsen (1712–1744), daughter of husfoged at Sønderborg Castle Peter Danielsen (1680–1735) and Ingeborg Thomsen (born 1690). The wedding took place on 4 September 1731 in Sønderborg . They had two sons and a daughter. The elder of the two sons, Christian Frederik Pontoppidan (1830–1816), was a counter admiral. Pontoppidan 's third wife was Johanne Marie de Hofman (1722–1809), daughter of Justice Councillor Søren de Hofman til Skerrildgård (1688–1771) and Karen Elisabeth Dreyer (1689–1727). The wedding took place on 16 February 1745. They had three daughters and three sons. The son Carl Pontoppidan (1748–1802) served as director of

18216-584: Was built by Hack Kampmann in the Art Nouveau style and completed in 1916. Musikhuset Aarhus (concert hall) and Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium (Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg) are also of note, as are its museums including the open-air museum Den Gamle By , the art museum ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum , the Moesgård Museum and the women's museum Kvindemuseet . The city's major cultural institutions include Den Gamle By, ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum,

18354-492: Was directed by royal rescript to prepare an explanation of the catechism and a new hymnal, and through these two works — Sandhed til gudfrygtighed (1737) and the hymnbook (1740) — the pietistic cause in Denmark received powerful assistance. He likewise continued his historical investigations in his Marmora Danica (3 vols., 1739–1741; a collection of noteworthy epitaphs and ecclesiastical monuments) and his uncritical Annales ecclesiæ Danicæ (4 vols., 1741–1752); and also wrote

18492-533: Was established in 1856 and served as Aarhus's local brewery for more than 150 years, gradually expanding into an industrial district known as Ceres-grunden (lit.: the Ceres-ground). In 1896, local farmers and businessmen created Korn- og Foderstof Kompagniet (KFK), focused on grain and feedstuffs . KFK established departments all over the country, while its headquarters remained in Aarhus where its large grain silos still stand today. Otto Mønsted created

18630-454: Was imposed in larger Danish cities which changed the layout and face of Aarhus over the following decades. Wooden city walls were erected to prevent smuggling, with gates and toll booths on the major thoroughfares, Mejlgade and Studsgade . The city gates funnelled most traffic through a few streets where merchant quarters were built. In the 17th century, Aarhus entered a period of recession as it suffered blockades and bombardments during

18768-556: Was mistreated by the home teacher, so in 1709, through the family's intervention, he first came to Aarhus Latin School and in 1710 to Fredericia Latin School, where he lived with his half-brother, parish priest Henrik Pontoppidan, who, when the boy found the school discipline unbearable, put him in the house with parish priest Ove Guldberg in Barrit 1713. In 1715 he returned to Fredericia Latin School, matriculating in 1716. He then enrolled at

18906-430: Was suggested by the inkfish's action of seeming to plow the sea. Some of the synonyms of krake given by Erik Pontoppidan were, in Danish : Since the 19th century, the word krake have, beyond the monster, given name to the cephalopod order Octopoda in Swedish ( krakar ) and German ( Kraken ), resulting in many species of octopuses partly named such, such as the common octopus ( Octopus vulgaris ), which

19044-404: Was the same as the foregoing starfish ( Stella arborensis of old), but "Medusa's heads" were something found ashore aplenty across Norway according to von Bergen , who thought it absurd these could be young "Kraken" since that would mean the seas would be full of (the adults). The "Medusa's heads" appear to be a Gorgonocephalid, with Gorgonocephalus spp. being tentatively suggested. In

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