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37-694: Today, the islands form a part of Samsan-myeon, Yeosu City, South Jeolla Province of South Korea, with the Samsan township offices located on Observation Island. The islands are also part of the Dadohaehaesang National Park . Port Hamilton was surveyed in 1845 by British naval officer Sir Edward Belcher in HMS Samarang and was named after the then secretary of the Admiralty, Captain W. A. B. Hamilton. The spacious harbour

74-554: A circular, flat layout equipped with round kilns. Notably, at the first residential site, a set of tools including a moru-dol (grindstone), galpan (grinding plate), and another galdol (grinding stone) were found near the kiln area. These tools allowed for the crushing or grinding of materials to produce powder, which drew significant attention. The radiocarbon dating of the Songdo shell mound indicated an age of 4285±195 BP and 4270±200 B.C. In 1992 and 1993, surface surveys were conducted in

111-662: A counterbalance to the Russian naval base at Vladivostok . By occupying Port Hamilton, the British could prevent Russian advances in east Asia, and block Russian naval activity in the Korea Strait . The British built a few buildings and defensive works and introduced pheasants to the islands. Permission was obtained from China for a cable to be landed at Saddle Island (at the mouth of the Yangtze River ). From there,

148-754: A nine-province administration system. Among these, one of the provinces, Muju (武州, also known as Mujinju), governed the present-day Jeollanam-do region. Seungpyeong-gun (昇平郡) within Muju consisted of three hyeon (郡縣), maintaining the same names as in Baekje: Haeeup-hyeon (海邑縣, Yeosu), Yeosan-hyeon (廬山縣, Dolsan), and Heeyang-hyeon (晞陽縣, Gwangyang). Consequently, during the Unified Silla period, the Yeosu region, excluding Samsan-myeon, consisted of Haeeup-hyeon (Yeosu) and Yeosan-hyeon (Dolsan). Meanwhile, in

185-454: A result, the Yeosu region, which was previously known as Haeeup-hyeon (海邑縣, Yeosu) and Yeosan-hyeon (廬山縣, Dolsan) during the Unified Silla period, was renamed to Yeosu-hyeon (麗水縣) and Dolsan-hyeon (突山縣) respectively. Although the name Yeosu (麗水) appeared for the first time at this point, both areas were still under the jurisdiction of Seungpyeong-gun (昇平郡, Suncheon). Even in the early Goryeo period, remnants of militarized local powers remained in

222-480: A traditional Jeolla cuisine dish. Yeosu is known for its Gat-kimchi , which is made from mustard greens , that was developed in the Yeosu town Dolsan . Yeosu has a population of 282,946 as of May 2019. Yeosu has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cwa ) with very warm summers and cold winters. Rainfall is much heavier in the summer, with June to August recording over 200 millimetres (7.9 in) of rainfall per month. The highest temperature ever recorded

259-604: Is a myeon (township) in Yeosu , a city in South Jeolla Province , South Korea . The township is located in the south-western part of the city with a total area of 27.48 square kilometres (10.61 sq mi). The population was recorded to be 2643 people, 1438 males and 1205 females, and the number of houses totaled 1261. The myeon office is located in 28–10, Geomun-gil in Geomun-ri. There are Jeju Province in

296-557: Is the second largest city in South Jeolla Province , South Korea. In 1998, the Old Yeosu City, Yeocheon City and Yeocheon County were merged and the current city, Yeosu, was formed. The city of Yeosu consists of the Yeosu peninsula as well as 365 islands (48 inhabited, 317 uninhabited). Being midway along the southern coast of South Korea, it is flanked by Namhae County in South Gyeongsang Province to

333-621: The Samguk Sagi Jiriji with the record: "Haeeup-hyeon (海邑縣) was originally Baekje 's Wonzon-hyeon (猿村縣), but King Gyeongdeok changed its name. It is now Yeosu-hyeon (麗水縣) in Goryeo. " In both Dongramdo(part of Donggukyeojiseungram )and Dongyeobigo (Jeollado's part), the name "Suyoung" (水營) is noted on the southern peninsula south of Suncheon and Gwangyang. This is believed to be because Jeollado's Jwasuyoung (Joseon Dynasty's Naval Headquarters for eastern sector of Jeolla Province)

370-541: The Gohung-gun area, Bunchagun (分領郡) was renamed to Bunryeong-gun (分領郡), Jojo-rye-hyeon (조조례縣) was renamed to Chungnyeol-hyeon (忠烈縣), Duhi-hyeon (두힐縣) was renamed to Gangwon-hyeon (薑原縣), and Bisa-hyeon (比史縣) was renamed to Baekju-hyeon. As a result, Samsan-myeon became Gangwon-hyeon (薑原縣). In 892 (the 6th year of Queen Jinseong's reign), during the chaotic end of the Unified Silla period, Gyeon Hwon established his kingdom with Mujinju as his base, thereby bringing it under

407-510: The Namyun and Seomjin rivers, the eastern part of Jeollanam-do was temporarily incorporated into Daegaya (Great Gaya). In 538, Baekje moved its capital to Sabi-seong and divided the entire country into five regions (五方) centered around the central, eastern, western, southern, and northern areas. In each region, Baekje established Bangseong (方城) and governed through these large and small fortresses, managing them as counties (郡) or prefectures (縣). In

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444-708: The Songdo shell mound, and a considerable number of Yunggimong pottery, which is dated to a relatively early period, were excavated. In the Yeosu region during the Proto Three Kingdoms Period period, there appears to have been Wonji-guk (爰池國), one of the Mahan confederations. However, in the late 4th century, as Baekje expanded its power, several small states located in the present-day Jeollanam-do region came under Baekje's influence. Baekje did not immediately reorganize these small states into counties (郡縣) or dispatch local governors. Instead, Baekje recognized

481-460: The authority of the chieftains of these small states and exercised indirect control through them by collecting tributes. It is believed that the Yeosu region was incorporated into Baekje under such circumstances. In the mid-5th century, Baekje's national power was significantly weakened due to Goguryeo's southward expansion. Additionally, as the Gaya Kingdom advanced into the lower regions of

518-484: The cable could be connected to the main telegraphic network at Shanghai , thus enabling telegraph communication with Port Hamilton. After the Russian threat had diminished the British demolished the base and left on 27 February 1887, though they continued to frequent the islands, in one case burying a young sailor there. The visits were less frequent after 1910, when the Japanese Empire annexed Korea. Until

555-445: The collected taxes to the central government, were periodically dispatched to tour the regions. Starting in 983 (the 2nd year of King Seongjong 's reign), residential governors (목사/ moksa/牧使 ) were officially dispatched following the establishment of twelve 'mok's (牧) in the regions. These moksas were assigned to twelve provinces: Gwangju (廣州), Yangju, Chungju, Cheongju, Gongju, Jinju, Sangju, Jeonju, Naju, Hwangju, and Haeju. Their role

592-495: The early Joseon period in 1396 (the 5th year of King Taejo's reign). Additionally, during the Goryeo period, the Yeosu region included other areas such as Sam-ilpo-hyang, Jinrye-bugok, and Sora-po-bugok alongside Yeosu-hyeon and Dolsan-hyeon. Beginning in 1479, the Joseon Dynasty's Naval Headquarters for eastern sector of Jeolla Province was located there. As such, it was the first base where Admiral Yi Sun-sin 's fleet

629-480: The east with a natural waterway, and the Bay of Suncheon to the west and northwest, the city of Suncheon sprawling along its banks. On 1 April 1998, the cities of Yeosu and Yeocheon, along with Yeocheon County merged to form the unified city of Yeosu. It has a number of islands in its jurisdiction, including the uninhabited Janggundo , Dolsando , and the park island Jangdo . The place name "Yeosu" first appears in

666-429: The eight moks. At this time, Yeosu-hyeon and Dolsan-hyeon were incorporated into Seungpyeong-gun (昇平郡) under Naju and continued to exist until the late Goryeo period. Dolsan-hyeon was temporarily abolished but was reestablished. In 1350 (the 2nd year of King Chungjeong 's reign) it was promoted to Juyeop ( 주읍 ),separated from Suncheonbu ( 순천부 ) and became an independent administrative entity, continuing for 47 years until

703-722: The end of World War II , a Japanese graveyard stood in Port Hamilton. When Japanese claims to the islands were specifically renounced in the Treaty of San Francisco , the Japanese graves were removed, but the British graveyard of ten British soldiers remains up to this day and has become a tourist attraction. Personnel of the British embassy have visited on occasion to pay their respects. The British Ambassador visited most recently in May 2021. Ten British sailors and marines are buried on

740-499: The establishment of the Nine Provinces and Five Subordinate Capitals (九州五小京) system. This system allowed Silla to directly control both the former territories of Baekje and Goguryeo and its own territories from the central government by dispatching administrators to the regions. In December 757 (the 16th year of King Gyeongdeok's reign), the names of the nine provinces and their counties were changed to Hanja names. Silla's land

777-556: The influence of Later Baekje . Around this time, local Yeosu hojoks (호족/korean quasi nobility-gentry), such as Kim Chong (金摠), joined the Later Baekje forces. Conversely, the Dolsan area was under the control of Wang Bongkyu (王逢規) of Gangju (康州). In 940 (the 23rd year of King Taejo 's reign), the national administrative divisions were again reorganized into (주, ju ),(부, bu ),(군, gun ), and (현, hyeon )-the addition of 부/bu . As

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814-502: The islands including two sailors from HMS Albatross who were killed in March 1886 when their gun exploded, and a young sailor, Alex Wood from HMS Albion , who died in 1903. Samsan-myeon, Yeosu Samsan-myeon ( Korean :  삼산면 ; Hanja :  三山面 ; RR :  Samsan-myeon ; MR :  Samsan-myŏn ; lit.  three mountains), also called Samsan Township , or Samsan for short,

851-557: The islands of Yeosu, leading to the additional investigation of 22 Neolithic shell mounds and 3 artifact dispersal sites. This revealed that the island regions of Yeosu, along with the coastal areas of South Gyeongsang Province, were cultural centers of the Neolithic period. The site locations were predominantly situated in bays suitable for various shellfish habitats, being safe from sea winds and featuring well-developed shell pits. The collected artifacts were similar to those unearthed from

888-643: The regions. By the time of King Seongjong , the entire country had transitioned into a centralized governance system. Prior to this centralization, except for the western capital Seogyeong(modern day Pyongyang ), Daedohobus(대도호부 / 大都護府), 'jin' s ( 진 ), 'ju' s (주), 'bu' s ( 부 ), 'gun' s ( 군 ), and 'hyun' s ( 현 ) did not have residential governors dispatched from the central government. Instead, semi-autonomous organizations known as hyangho were entrusted with local administration, while central officers such as Geumyoo (금유/今有) and Jo-jang (조장/租藏), responsible for tax collection, and Jeonunsa (전운사/轉運使), responsible for delivering

925-634: The south-west of the myeon; mainland of Yeosu in the north-east; Goheung County in the north; and Wando County in the north-east. There is Geomundo/Baekdo zone of Dadohaehaesang National Park in Geomundo and Baekdo . The name of the myeon, Samsan, which means three mountains, is from three main islands in Geomumdo which looked like three mountains: Seodo, Dongdo, and Godo. It was subordinated in Heungyang-hyeon (currently, Goheung-gun) and

962-739: The southern Korean coast, and although it appears that such facilities were offered by the Korean government, nothing was done." In April 1885, Port Hamilton was occupied by three ships of the British Royal Navy on orders from the Admiralty in what is known as the Port Hamilton Incident . This was to forestall Russian advances in the face of the Panjdeh Incident in Afghanistan . Port Hamilton served as

999-1174: The southern region, now corresponding to Suncheon, Yeosu, and Gwangyang areas, Sapyeong-gun (歃平郡) was established. Within Sapyeong-gun, there were three counties: Wonzon (猿村), Maro (馬老), and Dolsan (突山). Wonzon-hyeon (猿村縣) covered the Yeosu Peninsula, while Dolsan-hyeon (突山縣) included Dolsan-do and nearby islands. From this time, the Yeosu region saw the first establishment of counties named Wonzon and Dolsan. Representative Baekje-era relics remaining in Yeosu include mountain fortresses such as Woram Mountain Fortress located in Dolsan Pyeongsari, Temi Mountain Fortress in Seonwon-dong, Jasan Mountain Fortress in Olim-dong, Gorak Mountain Fortress in Munsu-dong, and Jukpo-ri Bon Mountain Fortress in Dolsan. However, in 660, Baekje

1036-714: The twelve mok. At this time, Yeosu was under the jurisdiction of Seungju. In 995 (the 14th year of King Seongjong's reign), the administrative divisions were reorganized once again. The nation was divided into four Daedohobus(대도호부 / 大都護府) and ten provinces (도/do). Additionally, the twelve mok were transformed into twelve joldo-sa ( 절도사 )s. The ten provinces were Gwannae ( 관내 ; 关内 ), Jungwon ( 중원 ; 中原 ), Hanan ( 하남 ; 河南 ), Gangnam ( 강남 ; 江南 ), Haeyang ( 해양 ; 海陽 ), Yeongnam ( 영남 ; 嶺南 ), Yeongdong ( 영동 ; 嶺東 ), Sannam ( 산남 ; 山南 ), Sakbang ( 삭방 ; 朔方 ), and Paeseo ( 패서 ; 浿西 ). The Jeollanam-do region fell under Haeyang-do (海陽道), and Yeosu

1073-540: Was also noted for its strategic importance by others, such as Russian Vice-Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin , who visited the islands several times and obtained permission from natives in 1857 to establish a coal depot, though due to delays in the delivery of the coal, the plan was abandoned. Although the United States Secretary of the Navy "in 1884 urged the establishment of a naval station at Port Hamilton, off

1110-573: Was based during the Imjin War which used the Turtle Ship or 'Kobukseon' which was built in Seon-so. In October 1948, the town of Yeosu was taken by South Korean soldiers who refused to take part in the suppression of the ongoing Jeju Uprising . On December 25, 1920, Yeosu Station started to operate as a railway that connects Yeosu and Gwangju . On October 1, 2011, however, the station

1147-1612: Was called Samdo ( Korean :  삼도 ; lit.  three islands) in 1396. Samsan-myeon was established in 1908. It was subordinate in Yeosu-gun in 1914. It was subordinate in Yeocheon-gun in 1949. Chodo and Sonjuk branch office were established in May 1965. It was subordinated in Yeosu-si on 1 April 1998, because Yeocheon-gun was merged to Yeosu-si with Yeocheon-si. Samsan-myeon has six jurisdictions and ten administrative districts. Geomun-ri ( Korean :  거문리 ) has one administrative district: Geomun-ri. It controls Godo of Geomundo , and Baekdo . It has myeon office. Deokchon-ri ( Korean :  덕촌리 ) has one administrative district: Deokchon-ri. It controls southern part of Seodo of Geomundo . Dongdo-ri ( Korean :  동도리 ) has two administrative districts: Yuchon, and Jukchon. It controls Dongdo of Geomundo , and Sambudo . Seodo-ri ( Korean :  서도리 ) has two administrative districts: Seodo, and Byeonchon. It controls northern part of Seodo of Geomundo . Sonjuk-ri ( Korean :  손죽리 ) has one administrative district: Sonjuk-ri. It controls Sonjukdo , Sogeomundo , Pyeongdo , and Gwangdo Chodo-ri ( Korean :  초도리 ) has three administrative districts: Daedong, Uiseong, and Jinmak. It controls Chodo . Yeosu Yeosu ( Korean :  여수 ; Korean pronunciation: [jʌ.sʰu] ), formerly romanized as Yosu ,

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1184-525: Was defeated by Silla, and the Yeosu region was incorporated into Silla's territory. After the unification of the Three Kingdoms, Silla reorganized its local administrative structures to govern the expanded territories. The reorganization began around 677 (the 17th year of King Munmu's reign), after expelling the Tang forces, and continued through 687 (the 7th year of King Sinmun's reign), culminating in

1221-401: Was divided into provinces (주/ju/州), counties (군/gun/郡), and prefectures (현/hyun/縣), establishing a pyramid-shaped administrative structure with nine provinces. Each province contained counties under them, which were further divided into prefectures. To manage the ruling elites of the conquered regions during the unification process, the provinces were divided into three sub-provinces each, forming

1258-1135: Was established in this region starting in 1479 (the 10th year of King Seongjong's reign). Subsequently, most old maps depict it as "Yeosu" (呂水), written differently from the current Hanja. Specifically, in the Haedongdo (Suncheon) map, Jwasuyoung appears south of Yeosumyeon (呂水面). The Neolithic sites in Yeosu were excavated and investigated by the National Gwangju Museum from 1989 to 1990. The artifacts unearthed include various types of pottery such as Yunggimong pottery, Apinmung pottery, Chimsunmung pottery, Jeomnyeolmung pottery, Juchil pottery, and Mummun pottery, as well as stone tools including milgae (hammerstones), jjikkgae (flint tools), jargegae (sickles), geukkeogae (scraping tools), saegigae (engraving tools), doggi (axes), galdol (grinding stones), and suttol (whetstones). Additionally, two residential sites were investigated. The residential sites were constructed by compacting clay over shell layers, with diameters ranging from 460 to 540 centimeters, and featured

1295-527: Was governed by Seungju Joldo-sa (昇州節度使), overseeing Yeosu-hyeon (麗水縣) and Dolsan-hyeon (突山縣). In 1018 (the 9th year of King Hyeonjong 's reign), another reorganization took place, dividing the country into four Daedohobus(대도호부 / 大都護府), eight moks (8목; Gwangju, Chungju, Cheongju, Jinju, Sangju, Jeonju, Naju, Hwangju), fifty-six 'ji-gun-sa' s(56주지군사), twenty-eight 'jin-jang' s (28진장), and twenty 'hyun-young' s (20현령). This reorganization resulted in Naju becoming one of

1332-475: Was relocated to Deokchung-dong and renamed Yeosu Expo station , as the venue served for Yeosu World Expo in 2012. In the 142nd General Assembly of BIE, held in Paris on 26 November 2007, the global community selected Yeosu as the host city for the 2012 World Expo . This was Korea's second World Expo, following Daejeon 's 1993 Fair . Gejang , or marinated raw crab is a representative speciality of Yeosu and

1369-415: Was to oversee their respective provinces and the local administrative units (hyangjip/鄕職) within the counties and districts. The exact boundaries and the number of hyangjip under each mok were not documented. In the South Jeolla Province region, the province of Muju (武州, also known as Mujinju)—one of the nine provinces of Unified Silla—was dissolved and replaced by Naju and Seungju (昇州, Suncheon) as part of

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