28-524: The Port Phillip District was an administrative division of the Colony of New South Wales from 9 September 1836 until 1 July 1851, when it was separated from New South Wales and became the Colony of Victoria . In September 1836, NSW Colonial Secretary Alexander Macleay declared Captain William Lonsdale the "Police Magistrate" of "the location of Settlers on the vacant Crown Lands adjacent to
56-607: A flag pole, raised the Union Jack, and the officers ashore made toasts to the Royal Family and the success of the colony. Likely, some, or all, ships of the First Fleet were present for the flag raising. On the morning of 27 January, all the fit male convicts, marines, and likely some ships' crew went ashore to establish the camp and find food. The female convicts came ashore on 6 February 1788. About midday on 7 February,
84-401: A product of colonization , nor become colonially organized territories. Territories furthermore do not need to have been militarily conquered and occupied to come under colonial rule and to be considered de facto colonies, instead neocolonial exploitation of dependency or imperialist use of power to intervene to force policy, might make a territory be considered a colony, which broadens
112-493: A settlement became known as its metropolis ("mother-city"). Since early-modern times, historians, administrators, and political scientists have generally used the term "colony" to refer mainly to the many different overseas territories of particularly European states between the 15th and 20th centuries CE , with colonialism and decolonization as corresponding phenomena. While colonies often developed from trading outposts or territorial claims , such areas do not need to be
140-833: A straight line drawn from Cape Howe to the nearest source of the River Murray, and thence the course of that River to the Eastern boundary of the Province of South Australia." In January 1843, it was announced that the Town of Melbourne would have 1 representative in the soon-to-be formed NSW Parliament , while the remainder of the District of Port Phillip would have 5. The polling places were to be in Melbourne, Geelong and Portland. On 28 February 1843, Governor Gipps proclaimed that
168-552: A varying degree dominated by remaining colonial settler societies or neocolonialism . The term colony originates from the ancient Roman colonia , a type of Roman settlement. Derived from colonus (farmer, cultivator, planter, or settler), it carries with it the sense of 'farm' and 'landed estate'. Furthermore, the term was used to refer to the older Greek apoikia ( Ancient Greek : ἀποικία , lit. 'home away from home'), which were overseas settlements by ancient Greek city-states . The city that founded such
196-518: The "Southern or Port Phillip District" for land disposal would now be defined as being the Counties of Bourke (Melbourne), Grant (Geelong) and Normanby (Portland). These were the places within La Trobe's territory adjacent to the existing European settlement, and the location of any Crown Land to be sold. On 1 July 1843, Governor Gipps proclaimed that La Trobe's jurisdiction was now the same as
224-488: The Australian Prime Minister, those two provisions are effectively dead letters. Colony A colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule. Though dominated by the foreign colonizers, the rule remains separate to the original country of the colonizers, the metropolitan state (or "mother country"), which together have often been organized as colonial empires , particularly with
252-536: The Charter for Erecting the Colony of New Zealand . The Charter stated that the Colony of New Zealand would be established as a Crown colony separate from New South Wales on 1 July 1841. On 1 July 1851, writs were issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council , and the absolute independence of Victoria from New South Wales was established proclaiming a new Colony of Victoria . A public meeting
280-606: The Commonwealth during the inter-war period. All colonial-era laws were no longer were subject to Imperial powers of disallowance and reservation. Acts of the federal state, i.e. the Commonwealth of Australia, remain subject to power of disallowance and reservation by the monarch of Australia, per sections 59 and 60 of the Australian Constitution. But as the Australian monarch can act only on the advice of
308-642: The United Kingdom as constituents of Australian confederation. The Act followed discovery that, when Australia ratified the 1931 Statute of Westminster, only the federal state became independent of the United Kingdom due to State concerns of a grab for power by the Commonwealth Government. The 1986 Act ended the British government's authority over the six Australian unitary states in confederation, just as it had ceased to have authority over
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#1732765811020336-576: The bounds of the district that should be administered from Melbourne were retracted south to follow the Murray River alone. On 30 July 1842, "An Act for the Government of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land" was passed, which defined electorates within those colonies. It included "that for the purposes of this Act the boundary of the District of Port Phillip on the North and North-east shall be
364-534: The concept, including indirect rule or puppet states (contrasted by more independent types of client states such as vassal states ). Subsequently, some historians have used the term informal colony to refer to a country under a de facto control of another state. Though the broadening of the concept is often contentious. The word "colony" comes from the Latin word colōnia , used for ancient Roman outposts and eventually for cities. This in turn derives from
392-494: The convicts, marines and others who were staying were gathered by the Governor for the reading of the proclamation of New South Wales and a long reading of the rights of the convicts and others. Thus, the Colony of New South Wales was formally proclaimed on 7 February 1788. Before that, British naval administration applied. The colony faced extreme difficulty in its earliest years from water scarcity. Major-General Ralph Darling
420-465: The development of modern imperialism and its colonialism . This coloniality and possibly colonial administrative separation, while often blurred, makes colonies neither annexed or integrated territories nor client states . Colonies contemporarily are identified and organized as not sufficiently self-governed dependent territories . Other past colonies have become either sufficiently incorporated and self-governed , or independent , with some to
448-410: The first Governor of Queensland. On 22 May 1860 the first Queensland election was held and Robert Herbert , Bowen's private secretary, was appointed as the first Premier of Queensland . Queensland also became the first Australian colony to establish its own parliament rather than spending time as a Crown Colony. According to the 1891 Census: The Federation of Australia was the process by which
476-412: The first ship of the First Fleet, HMS Supply , with Phillip aboard, reached Botany Bay . However, Botany Bay was found to be unsuitable by Phillip. After Phillip led the exploration of Port Jackson , he sailed and reached Sydney Cove on night of 25 January 1788. On the morning of 26 January, men on board this ship went ashore and started clearing land for a camp. In the afternoon-evening, they erected
504-566: The meridian of Greenwich; on the south by the waters of Bass's Straits and the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the one hundred and forty-first degree of east longitude, from the said meridian of Greenwich." ( 141°E was the border with South Australia.) Between August 1840 and August 1841, the Port Phillip District Special Surveys occurred, granting large parcels of land. In December 1840, for
532-518: The newly formed electorate. On 1 July 1851, the District was separated from New South Wales under provisions of the Australian Colonies Government Act 1850 , and became the Colony of Victoria. This day would be celebrated for many years as "Separation Day." This Australian geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Colony of New South Wales The Colony of New South Wales
560-669: The purposes of government land sales, the northern border of the "Southern or Port Phillip District" was defined to follow the course of the Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers, and from its source to the mouth of the Moruya River . In February 1841, it was announced that this did not change the boundaries of La Trobe's jurisdiction. After extensive opposition in Sydney , including from the Legislative Council , thoughts about
588-560: The shores of Port Phillip." This position was someone "of which all persons concerned are hereby required to take notice." In May 1839, Governor George Gipps defined the "Port Phillip District" as "The whole of the Lands comprised in the District lying to the south of the main range, between the Rivers Ovens and Goulburn, and adjacent to Port Phillip." In July that year, Colonial Secretary E Deas Thomson announced that Charles La Trobe
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#1732765811020616-594: The six separate British self-governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia agreed to unite and form the Commonwealth of Australia , establishing a system of federalism in Australia. This effectively changed New South Wales from being a colony to a state of Australia. In the Australia Act 1986 , the states of Australia achieved independence from
644-451: The word colōnus , which referred to a Roman tenant farmer . Settlements that began as Roman coloniae include cities from Cologne (which retains this history in its name) to Belgrade to York . A telltale sign of a settlement within the Roman sphere of influence once being a Roman colony is a city centre with a grid pattern. The Special Committee on Decolonization maintains
672-539: Was a colony of the British Empire from 1788 to 1901, when it became a State of the Commonwealth of Australia . At its greatest extent, the colony of New South Wales included the present-day Australian states of New South Wales , Queensland , Victoria , Tasmania , and South Australia , the Northern Territory as well as New Zealand . The first responsible self-government of New South Wales
700-543: Was appointed Governor of New South Wales in 1825, and in the same year he visited Hobart Town, and on 3 December proclaimed the establishment of the independent colony, of which he was Governor for three days. In 1834, the British Parliament passed the South Australia Act 1834 , which enabled the colony of South Australia to be established. On 16 November 1840, the British government issued
728-677: Was formed on 6 June 1856 with Sir Stuart Alexander Donaldson appointed by Governor Sir William Denison as its first Colonial Secretary . On 18 January 1788, the First Fleet led by Captain Arthur Phillip founded the first British settlement in Australian history as a penal colony . Having set sail on 13 May 1787, Captain Arthur Phillip assumed the role of governor of the settlement upon arrival. On 18 January 1788,
756-408: Was held in 1851 to consider Queensland 's proposed separation from New South Wales. On 6 June 1859, Queen Victoria signed Letters Patent to form the separate Colony of Queensland . Brisbane was named as the capital city. On 10 December 1859, a proclamation was read by British author George Bowen , whereby Queensland was formally separated from the state of New South Wales. As a result, Bowen became
784-471: Was the District's "Superintendent", (which was later said by Governor Gipps "to have the powers of a Lieutenant Governor"). On 10 September, the District was announced in a government notice to be "all that part of the Territory of New South Wales which is bounded on the north by the thirty-sixth degree of south latitude; on the east by the one hundred and forty-sixth degree of east longitude, measuring from
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