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64-595: As of 2023, Port Tampa Bay ranks 24th in the United States by total trade in cargo tonnage . It is the largest, most diversified port in Florida, has an economic impact of more than $ 15.1 billion, and supports over 80,000 jobs. Cargo shipping includes bulk and tanker ships, as well as roll-on/roll-off ships and container cargo ships . The port additionally operates ship repair facilities. Currently connected to major Asian container ports, with global connections,

128-437: A few days stuck near the shallow waters, one man came up with a plan: he suggested reforging their weaponry and armor to make tools and to build new boats to sail to Mexico. The party agreed and started action on August 4, 1528. They constructed a forge out of a log and used deerskins for the bellows. They cut down trees and made charcoal for the forge. Then they made hammers, saws, axes, and nails out of their iron gear. Caulking

192-536: A full account, especially describing the many indigenous peoples they encountered. He later served the colonial government in South America. The Moor's Account , a 2014 novel by Laila Lalami , is a fictional memoir of Estebanico , the Moroccan slave who accompanied Cabeza de Vaca as one of the four survivors of the expedition. He is known as the first black explorer of America. Lalami explains that nothing

256-577: A handful of Cuban-American protesters objected to the Port's ties with Carnival because the company is doing business with the Castro regime. Carnival had initially imposed the ban because Cuban law prohibits Cuban-born people from returning there by sea, even though they can do so on commercial flights, but on April 18 released a statement saying, "All travelers can book its cruises to Cuba, including Cuban-born individuals, in anticipation of Cuba allowing travel on

320-625: A key port for steamers during the U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence (1895-1898) and the Spanish-American War (1898). The Tampa Port Commission was formed with members appointed by the governor of Florida . Local, state, federal and private enterprise collaborated to enable the founding of Port Tampa Bay. Local voters approved a bond issue for funds to build municipal docks and onshore structures which were completed in 1924. A 27-foot (8.2 m) deep channel for ships

384-775: A license to claim what is now the Gulf Coast of the United States for the Kingdom of Spain. The contract gave him one year to gather an army, leave Spain, found at least two towns of one hundred people each, and garrison two additional forts anywhere along the coast. Narváez had to secure his own funding for the expedition. He recruited investors by marketing the promise of riches comparable to those recently discovered by Hernán Cortés in Mexico. He also called in many debts owed to him, and used this money to pay for major expenses of

448-543: A little food and gold. The locals told them that there was plenty of both in Apalachee to the north. After returning to their base camp, the Spanish made plans to head north. On May 1, 1528, Narváez made the decision to split the expedition into land and sea contingents. He planned to have an army of 300 march overland to the north while the ships, with the remaining 100 people, sailed up the coast to meet them. He believed

512-644: A member of the naval force, was captured by the Uzita . He later escaped to Mocoso , where he lived until rescued by Hernando de Soto 's expedition. From scout reports, the Timucua knew the Spanish party was nearing their territory. They decided to meet the Europeans as they came near on June 18. Through hand signs and gestures, Narváez communicated to their chief, Dulchanchellin, that they were headed to Apalachee. Dulchanchellin appeared pleased by this (it turned out

576-567: A party of natives the next day. After some exploring, Narváez and some other officers discovered Old Tampa Bay . They headed back to the camp and ordered Miruelo to pilot a brigantine in search of the great harbor he had talked about. If he was unsuccessful, he should return to Cuba. Narváez never regained contact with Miruelo or any of the crew of the brig. Meanwhile, Narváez took another party inland, where they found another village, perhaps Tocobaga . The villagers were using Spanish freight boxes as coffins. The Spanish destroyed these and found

640-600: A pay raise for CEO Paul Anderson that brings his salary to $ 597,000 per year. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was a leader of the Narváez expedition to establish Spanish colonies in La Florida. Their ships anchored in Tampa Bay on 12 April 1528. Cabeza de Vaca saw the great naval and maritime commerce potential of the bay and described it as “The Port of which we speak is the best in the world.” They continued to explore

704-478: A similar basis as they would if they were traveling by air." The cruise terminal and port headquarters are located along Channelside Drive. The nearest major highway to the port is the Lee Roy Selmon Expressway , which runs along the northern edge of the port. Elevated, reversible lanes on the expressway run from Meridian Avenue (three blocks west of the cruise terminal) to Interstate 75 and

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768-492: A village north of the Withlacoochee River . They enslaved the natives and for three days helped themselves to corn from their fields. They sent two exploratory parties downstream on both sides of the river looking for signs of the ships, but found none. Narváez ordered the party to continue north to Apalachee. Years later, Cabeza de Vaca learned what had become of the ships. Miruelo had returned to Old Tampa Bay in

832-629: Is credited for making Tampa a port, because he started with a sailing ship between Tampa, Mobile and New Orleans and then transported cattle to Cuba with two steamships. After the American Civil War (1861-1865), Tampa’s cattle trade was taken over by Dr. Howell Tyson Lykes who founded the Lykes Brothers Steamship Company . The railroad tycoon Henry B. Plant built a rail connection from Old Port Tampa (now Port Tampa ) to Jacksonville in 1884. By 1888,

896-481: Is known about him except for one line in Cabeza de Vaca's chronicle: "The fourth [survivor] is Estevanico, an Arab Negro from Azamor ." It was a finalist for the 2015 Pulitzer Prize in fiction. A Land So Strange , a 2007 historical narrative by Andrés Reséndez , retells the journey for a modern audience using primary sources by Cabeza de Vaca and the official report. Esteban: The African Slave Who Explored America ,

960-484: Is known as the Jungle Prada Site in present-day St. Petersburg . The comptroller Alonso Enríquez was one of the first ashore. Making his way to the nearby native village, he traded items such as glass beads, brass bells, and cloth for fresh fish and venison. Narváez ordered the rest of the company to debark and establish a camp. The next day, the royal officials assembled ashore and, with ritual, performed

1024-535: The Gulf of Guacanayabo . On about October 30, the two ships arrived in Trinidad to collect requisitioned supplies and seek additional crew. A hurricane arrived shortly after they did. During the storm, both ships sank, 60 men were killed, a fifth of the horses drowned, and all the new supplies acquired in Trinidad were destroyed. Recognizing the need to regroup, Narváez sent the four remaining ships to Cienfuegos under

1088-783: The US ports and states data , pursuant to the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (section 6018 of the "FAST" Act), of the top 25 ports in the United States. Since 2015, as recommended by the BTS director, is produced by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) through the Institute for Water Resources , in conjunction with the United States Department of Transportation "s (USDOT or DOT) and

1152-557: The Apalachee changed to quick assaults after the Spanish started trekking again. They could fire their bows five or six times while the Spanish loaded a crossbow or harquebus , then fade away into the woods. They harassed the Spanish with guerrilla tactics continuously for the next three weeks. During this time, Narváez sent out three scouting missions in search of larger or wealthier towns. All three came back without good news. Frustrated by misfortune and failing health, Narváez ordered

1216-546: The Apalachee were his enemies). After the two leaders exchanged gifts, the expedition followed the Timucua into their territory and crossed the Suwannee River . During the crossing, an officer named Juan Velázquez charged into it on his horse, and both drowned. His was the first non-shipwreck casualty of the expedition, and the men were disturbed by his death. The starving army cooked and ate his horse that night. When

1280-640: The Bureau of Transportation Statistics and Maritime Administration. Other ports on the Corps of Engineers list include the Port of Houston in the number one spot. South Louisiana is second, then Corpus Christi; New York/New Jersey; Long Beach, California; New Orleans; Beaumont and Baton Rouge.  As of May 2024 the Port of Lake Charles surged to the number 10 on the list below. Download coordinates as: Narv%C3%A1ez expedition The Narváez expedition

1344-738: The Indies), and servants. The first stop on the voyage was the Canary Islands , about a week's journey and 850 miles into the Atlantic. There the expedition resupplied such items as water, wine, firewood, meats, and fruit. The explorers arrived in Santo Domingo (Hispaniola) sometime in August 1527. During the stay, troops began deserting. Although always a problem on such expeditions, the men may also have deserted because of hearing about

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1408-486: The Port and the interstate system. Port Tampa Bay is governed by a board of seven commissioners, five of whom are appointed by Florida's governor , the other two being the current Mayor of Tampa and a member of the Hillsborough County Commission. Current Members: Port Tampa Bay's Leadership team can be found here: Port Tampa Bay Leadership In November 2023, Port commissioners approved

1472-578: The Port as a port of call. It has three cruise terminals. Fiscal year 2014 saw 888,343 passengers come through the port, encompassing 198 cruise ship calls. Nearby attractions include Channelside , The Florida Aquarium , and Ybor City . In April 2016, a reversal in Carnival's policy banning Cuban-born Americans from booking cruises to Cuba sparked protests in Miami and at the Port Tampa Bay, where

1536-591: The Spaniards arrived at the Timucua village on June 19, the chief sent them provisions of maize . That night, an arrow was shot past one of Narváez's men near a watering hole. The next morning, the Spaniards found the natives had deserted the village. They set out again for Apalachee. They soon realized they were being accompanied by hostile natives. Narváez laid a trap for the pursuing natives, and they captured three or four, whom they used as guides. The Spanish had no further contact with those Timucua. On June 25, 1528,

1600-621: The Spanish Empire's outpost in Mexico, becoming the first men of Europe and Africa to enter Southwestern North America (present day Southwestern United States and Northwest Mexico ). Their precise route has been difficult for historians to determine, but they apparently traveled across present-day Texas, perhaps into New Mexico and Arizona , and through Mexico's northern provinces near the Pacific Coast before turning inland. In July 1536, near Culiacán in present-day Sinaloa ,

1664-458: The Spanish could neither use their horses nor quickly reload their heavy weapons, and they found their armor weighing them down in water. After regaining solid ground, they drove off the attackers. For the next two weeks, they made their difficult way through the swamp, occasionally under attack by the Apalachee. When the Spanish finally reached Aute, they found the village already deserted and burnt. They harvested enough corn, beans, and squash from

1728-622: The Spanish, and a contingent of Franciscan and diocesan priests led by Padre Juan Suárez (sometimes spelled Xuárez). Most of the expedition's 600 men were soldiers, chiefly from Spain and Portugal, including some of mixed African descent, and some 22 from Italy. On June 17, 1527, the expedition departed Spain from the port of Sanlúcar de Barrameda at the mouth of the Guadalquivir River . The total force included about 450 troops, officers, and slaves. About 150 others were sailors, wives (married men could not travel without their wives to

1792-525: The United States This is a list of ports of the United States , ranked by tonnage. Ports in the United States handle a wide variety of goods that are critical to the global economy , including petroleum , grain , steel , automobiles , and containerized goods. See the articles on individual ports for more information, including history, geography, and statistics. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) issues an annual report,

1856-451: The boats – one horse every three days. They used horsehair to braid rope and the skins for water storage bags. As horses were highly valued by the Spanish, especially the nobility, they named the bay, now known as Apalachee Bay , "Bahia de los Caballos" in honor of the sacrifice of the animals. By September 20, they had finished building five boats. They sailed on September 22, 1528. After being ravaged by disease, starvation, and attacks by

1920-415: The brigantine and found all the ships gone. He sailed to Havana to pick up the fifth ship, which had been supplied, and brought it back to Tampa Bay. After heading north for some time without finding the party on land, commanders of the other three ships decided to return to Tampa Bay. After meeting, the fleet again searched for the land party for nearly a year before finally departing for Mexico. Juan Ortiz ,

1984-530: The coast and 100 men and ten women aboard the ships were also sent northward along the coast, as Narváez intended to reunify the land and seaborne expeditions at a supposed large harbor to the north of them that would be "impossible to miss". The land expedition and the ships never met, as no large harbor existed north of their landing location. As it marched northward, the land expedition encountered numerous attacks by indigenous forces and suffered from disease and starvation. By September 1528, following an attempt by

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2048-531: The command of Cabeza de Vaca. Narváez stayed ashore in order to recruit men and purchase more ships. After nearly four months, on February 20, 1528, he arrived in Cienfuegos with one of two new ships and a few more recruits. The other ship he sent on to Havana . At this point, the expedition had about 400 men and 80 horses. The winter layover caused a depletion of supplies, and they planned to restock in Havana on

2112-781: The customs and culture of the people he met, including a few tribes that have been tentatively identified by modern researchers, such as the Karankawa people along the Gulf Coast and the Tonkawa in central Texas. Most tribe names in the Relación, however, are not attested by any other written source and difficult to link to any tribes mentioned elsewhere. By 1532, only four members of the original expedition survived: Alonso del Castillo Maldonado , Andrés Dorantes de Carranza , Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca , and Estevanico , an enslaved Moor . They headed west and gradually south hoping to reach

2176-414: The expedition entered Apalachee territory. Finding a community of forty houses, they thought it was the capital, but it was a small outlying village of a much larger culture. The Spanish attacked, took several hostages including the village's cacique , and occupied the village. Although the villagers had none of the gold and riches Narváez was expecting, they did have much maize. Soon after Narváez took

2240-425: The expedition to head south. The Apalachee and Timucua captives told him that the people of Aute had a great deal of food, and their village was near the sea. The party had to cross a large swamp to reach the place. For the first two days out of the village, the Spaniards were not attacked, but once they were up to their chests in water in the swamp, the Apalachee attacked them with a shower of arrows. Nearly helpless,

2304-530: The expedition. Appointed by the Spanish Crown as treasurer and sheriff, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was to serve as the king's eyes and ears, and was second-in-command. He was to ensure the Crown received one fifth of any wealth acquired during the expedition. Other expedition members included Alonso de Solís as royal inspector of mines, Alonso Enríquez as comptroller, an Aztec prince called Don Pedro by

2368-600: The first known non-Native Americans to see the Mississippi River , and to cross the Gulf of Mexico and Texas . Narváez's crew initially numbered about 600, including men from Spain, Portugal, Greece, and Italy. The expedition met with disaster almost immediately. Making stops at Hispaniola and Cuba on the way to La Florida, the fleet was devastated by a hurricane, among other storms, and lost two ships. They left Cuba in February 1528. Their intended destination

2432-491: The first written account of the indigenous peoples, wildlife, flora, and fauna of inland North America. It was published again by Cabeza de Vaca in 1555, this time to include descriptions of his subsequent experience as Governor of the Río de la Plata region in South America. A translation was later published under the title Naufragios ("Shipwrecks"). On December 25, 1526, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor granted Pánfilo de Narváez

2496-569: The formal declaration of Narváez as royal governor of La Florida. He read (in Spanish) the Requerimiento , which stated to any natives listening that their land belonged to Charles V by order of the pope. He also said that natives had the choice of converting to Christianity. If they converted, they would be loved and welcomed with open arms; if they chose not to, war would be made against them. The expedition ignored both pleas and threats by

2560-467: The garden to feed their party, many of whom were starving, wounded and sick. After two days, Narváez sent Cabeza de Vaca to look for an opening to the sea. He did not find the sea, but after half a day's march along the Wakulla River and St. Marks River , he found shallow, salty water filled with oyster beds. Two more days of scouting produced no better results, and the men returned to tell Narváez

2624-583: The island and Galveston Island. As a result, many historians believe that it is more likely that Cabeza de Vaca and his companions actually landed at what is now Follet's Island , immediately southwest of Galveston Island. Narváez is believed to have been swept out to sea during a storm. For the next four years, Cabeza de Vaca and a steadily dwindling number of his comrades lived in the complex indigenous world of South Texas , where tribes of different cultures and languages often lived in conflict with one another. Cabeza de Vaca wrote detailed anthropological notes on

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2688-517: The journey and colonization plans. They spent the next month trying to reach the Mexican coast but could not overcome the Gulf Stream 's powerful current. On April 12, 1528, the expedition spotted land north of what is now Tampa Bay . They turned south and traveled for two days looking for what the pilot Miruelo described as a great harbor. During these two days, one of the five remaining ships

2752-490: The men depleted the already meager supplies. Not until the second week of March, when a storm created large seas, were they able to escape the shoals. After battling more storms, the expedition rounded the western tip of Cuba and made its way toward Havana. Although they were close enough to see the masts of ships in port, the wind blew the fleet into the Gulf of Mexico without their reaching Havana. Narváez decided to press on with

2816-401: The mouth to Tampa Bay to be a short distance to the north, when in fact it was to the south. Cabeza de Vaca argued against this plan, but was outvoted by the rest of the officers. Narváez wanted Cabeza de Vaca to lead the sea force, but he refused. He later wrote it was a matter of honor, as Narváez had implied he was a coward. The men marched in near-starvation for two weeks before coming upon

2880-443: The news. Narváez decided to go to the oyster beds for the food. With many of the horses carrying the sick and wounded, the Spanish realized they were struggling for survival. Some considered cannibalism to survive. During the march, some of the caballeros talked about stealing their horses and abandoning everyone else. Although Narváez was too ill to take action, Cabeza de Vaca learned of the plan and convinced them to stay. After

2944-597: The port is focused on growing its container trade. Millions of dollars in infrastructure improvements are underway or in the planning phase. Weekly containerized cargo service is available at Port Tampa Bay. Ports America operates two container berths, three gantry cranes, a 100-ton Mobile Harbor Crane and a container terminal. In 2014, the Port spent $ 21.5 million on two new gantry cranes purchased from Zhenhua , which will be operational in 2016. The shipping companies Zim Integrated Shipping Services , Mediterranean Shipping Company , and COSCO are among those who do business at

3008-647: The port. The port is also home to Foreign Trade Zone #79 . Foreign Trade Zone No. 79 assists companies in Tampa Bay and along the I-4 Corridor in importing, exporting, manufacturing, and distribution activities. Tampa is also one of the most popular departure ports for western Caribbean cruises in the United States. Five cruise lines homeport at Port Tampa Bay: Carnival Cruise Lines , Royal Caribbean International , Holland America Line , Margaritaville at Sea , and Norwegian Cruise Line . AIDA Cruises uses

3072-621: The rail tracks connected with New York . One of his steamers called the Mascotte was put on the city seal of Tampa when it became an incorporated city in 1887. The Mascotte was active in the Tampa-Key West-Havana trade. In the late 1880s, Tampa’s first cigar factories opened after phosphate was discovered in Central Florida . Tampa became the principal port for shipping cigars. Port Tampa gained national prominence as

3136-615: The recent return of an expedition led by Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón , in which 450 of 600 men perished. Nearly 100 men deserted the Narváez expedition in the first month in Santo Domingo. The expedition stopped here to purchase horses, as well as two small ships for exploring the coastline. Although Narváez was able to buy only one small ship, he set sail once again. The expedition arrived in Santiago de Cuba in late September. As Cuba

3200-471: The suburb of Brandon . A significant amount of truck traffic to and from the port once traveled on the urban streets of Ybor City , one of just two National Historic Districts in Florida. The Interstate 4 – Selmon Expressway Connector , completed in 2013, is a 1.1-mile (1.8 km) highway which has exclusive truck lanes to route truck traffic from Interstate 4 directly to Port Tampa Bay, which now allows trucks to bypass city roads and travel directly between

3264-428: The survivors encountered fellow Spaniards on a slave-taking expedition for New Spain . As Cabeza de Vaca wrote later, his countrymen were "dumbfounded at the sight of me, strangely dressed and in the company of Indians. They just stood staring for a long time." The Spaniards accompanied the survivors to Mexico City. Estevanico later served as a guide for other expeditions. Cabeza de Vaca returned to Spain, where he wrote

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3328-482: The survivors to sail on makeshift rafts from Florida to Mexico, only 80 men survived a storm and were swept onto Galveston Island off the coast of Texas. The stranded survivors were enslaved by indigenous nations, and more men continued to die from harsh conditions. Only four of the original party— Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca , Alonso del Castillo Maldonado , Andrés Dorantes de Carranza , and Dorantes' enslaved Moor Estevanico —made it to Mexico (the 5th known survivor

3392-871: The upper Gulf Coast . In 1819 the Adams–Onís Treaty ceded Florida from the Spanish Empire to the United States. In 1821, James Forbes was the U.S. marshal of Florida and he wrote that the bay must “afford protection to our own trade and be of vital importance to our naval grandeur.” Fort Brooke was established at the mouth of the Hillsborough River in 1824. During the Seminole Wars (1816-58), there were primitive wharves where steamships and sailing vessels docked to deliver military supplies, slaves and export hides and lumber. James McKay Sr. and his wife moved to Tampa in 1846. McKay Sr.

3456-406: The various peoples they intended to conquer, 242 men had survived. About 50 men were carried by each boat, which were thirty to forty feet long and had a shallow draft, sail, and oars. Closely following the Gulf Coast, the boats proceeded to the west, but frequent storms, thirst and starvation reduced the expedition to about 80 survivors before a hurricane cast Cabeza de Vaca and his remaining men on

3520-443: The village, Apalachee warriors began attacking the Europeans. Their first attack was a force of 200 warriors, who used burning arrows to set fire to the houses the Europeans occupied. The warriors quickly dispersed, losing only one man. The next day a second force of 200 warriors, equipped with large bows, attacked from the opposite side of the village. This force also quickly dispersed and lost only one man. After these direct attacks,

3584-484: The way to the Florida coast. Among those hired by Narváez was a master pilot named Diego Miruelo , who claimed extensive knowledge of the Gulf Coast. Historians have debated for centuries his full identity and the extent of his knowledge. In any case, two days after leaving Cienfuegos, every ship in the fleet ran aground on the Canarreos shoals just off the coast of Cuba. They were stuck for two to three weeks, while

3648-399: The western shore of a barrier island . There they suffered hunger and disease, causing them to name the island the "island of misfortune," "island of doom," or "island of ill fortune" (variously translated). Historians believe they landed at present-day Galveston, Texas . However, other historians have pointed out that there are several inconsistencies between Cabeza de Vaca's description of

3712-534: Was Juan Ortiz who live with Native Americans north of Tampa until de Soto arrived in 1538), during which they wandered through what is now the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. They eventually encountered Spanish slave-catchers in Sinaloa in 1536, and with them, the four men finally reached Mexico City. Upon returning to Spain, Cabeza de Vaca wrote of the expedition in his La relación y comentarios ("The Account and Commentaries" ), published in 1542 as

3776-509: Was a Spanish expedition started in 1527 that was intended to explore Florida and establish colonial settlements. The expedition was initially led by Pánfilo de Narváez , who died in 1528. Many more people died as the expedition traveled west along the unexplored Gulf Coast of the present-day United States and into the American southwest. Only four of the expedition's original members survived, reaching Mexico City in 1536. These survivors were

3840-514: Was completed in 1929. Tampa's public works department replaced the port commission. The shipyards gained activity during World War II. In 1945, after the war a local referendum created the Hillsborough County Port Authority which was later renamed to Tampa Port Authority. The 34-foot (10.36 m) deep channel was completed in the 1960s and a 43-foot (13.10 m) deep main ship channel in the 1970s. List of ports in

3904-555: Was lost. Finally, after spotting a shallow bay, Narváez ordered entry. They passed into Boca Ciega Bay north of the entrance to Tampa Bay. They spotted buildings set upon earthen mounds, encouraging signs of culture, food, and water. The natives have since been identified as members of the Safety Harbor culture . The Spaniards dropped anchors and prepared to go ashore. Narváez landed with 300 men in Boca Ciega Bay at what

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3968-475: Was made from the pitch of pine trees, and palmetto leaves were used as oakum . They sewed shirts together for sails. Occasionally they raided the Aute village, from which they stole 640 bushels of corn to sustain themselves during the construction. Twice, within sight of the camp, ten men gathering shellfish were killed by Apalachee raids. The men killed their horses for food and material while they were building

4032-511: Was the Rio de las Palmas (near present-day Tampico , Mexico), with the purpose of founding two settlements. Storms, opposing currents, and strong winds forced them north to present-day Florida. After landing near Boca Ciega Bay, about 15 miles north of the entrance to Tampa Bay, Narváez and his pilots determined that their landing place was not suitable for settlement. Narváez ordered that the expedition be split, with 300 men sent overland northward along

4096-420: Was the home of Narváez and his family, he had many contacts through whom he could collect more supplies, horses, and men. After meeting with his wealthy friend Vasco Porcallo, Narváez sent part of the fleet to Trinidad to collect horses and other supplies from his friend's estate. Narváez put Cabeza de Vaca and a captain named Pantoja in charge of two ships sent to Trinidad, while he took the other four ships to

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