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42-677: Rockwell served as a bodyguard , and was a personal friend, of Latter Day Saint movement founder Joseph Smith . After Smith's death in 1844, Rockwell became a bodyguard of his successor, Brigham Young , and traveled with him and members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) to the Salt Lake Valley in the present-day U.S. state of Utah . Rockwell was born in Belchertown , Hampshire County, Massachusetts , to Orin and Sarah Rockwell, who were neighbors of

84-470: A Goshute village, but the Goshute were able to defend themselves without any casualties. Later that year, a group of Goshute again confiscated cattle this time belonging to Charles White. An army of fifty Mormons attacked the Goshute camp and killed nine Goshutes. In April 1851, a group of Goshute confiscated some horses that had invaded their territory near Benson Grist Mill . General Daniel H. Wells sent

126-650: A bottle of Valley Tan Whiskey, and he and Burton drank shot-for-shot into the night, with Rockwell outlining steps Burton should take for safety during his passage to Sacramento. Rockwell advised Burton to carry a loaded double-barreled shotgun, sleep in a "dark camp" (unlit, miles from where supper was cooked), to never trust appearances, and to avoid the main trail, where "White Indians" (so-called because they were white robbers disguised as Indians to avert blame) preyed on travelers. Rockwell died in Salt Lake City , Utah Territory , of natural causes on June 9, 1878. He

168-612: A letter by John C. Bennett , a recently excommunicated Mormon who, prior to the assassination, had served as mayor of Nauvoo, Major General of the Nauvoo Legion, and Chancellor of the University of Nauvoo. Bennett implicated Rockwell in the assassination attempt, writing: Smith and his supporters vehemently denied Bennett's account. Rockwell was apprehended in St. Louis on March 6, 1843. In late May, Rockwell briefly escaped from

210-756: A posse led by Orrin Porter Rockwell to pursue the Goshute. They lost the trail of the Goshute that had taken the horses and encountered another group of 20 or 30 people, whom they took prisoner but did not disarm. When some of the captured Goshute tried to escape, one was shot by Custer, a non-Mormon member of the posse. Custer was then shot by one of the Native Americans, who was in turn shot by another posse member. All but four or five prisoners escaped, those that didn't escape were executed by Rockwell. The Mormons continued to push further into Goshute territory, and by 1860, there were 1008 non-Natives in

252-612: A posse led by Rockwell to pursue the Goshute. They lost the trail of the Goshute that had taken the horses and encountered another group of 20 or 30 people belonging to the Ute tribe, whom they took prisoner but did not disarm. When some of the captured Goshute tried to escape, one was shot by Custer, a non-Mormon member of the posse. Custer was then shot by one of the Native Americans, who was in turn shot by another posse member. All but four or five prisoners escaped, those that didn't escape were executed by Rockwell on April 22nd. Rockwell operated

294-644: A probable date of June 9. Rockwell was the youngest member of the first group to be baptized into the church. On February 2, 1832, Rockwell married Luana Beebe in Jackson County, Missouri , and was endowed in the Nauvoo Temple on January 5, 1846. Rockwell killed many men as a gunfighter, a religious enforcer, and Deputy United States Marshal . According to legend, Rockwell told a crowd listening to United States vice president Schuyler Colfax in 1869, "I never killed anyone who didn't need killing",

336-436: A quote used by actor John Wayne in a movie decades later. But he [Porter Rockwell] was that most terrible instrument that can be handled by fanaticism; a powerful physical nature welded to a mind of very narrow perceptions, intense convictions, and changeless tenacity. In his build, he was a gladiator; in his humor, a Yankee lumberman; in his memory, a Bourbon; in his vengeance, an Indian. A strange mixture, only to be found on

378-414: A team of bodyguards from a government agency, security forces, or police forces. Less-important public figures, or those with lower risk profiles, may be accompanied by a single bodyguard who doubles as a driver . The work of a bodyguard consists mainly of planning routes, pre-searching rooms and buildings where the client will be visiting, researching the backgrounds of people that will have contact with

420-487: Is a type of security guard , government law enforcement officer, or servicemember who protects an important person or group of people , such as high-ranking public officials, wealthy businesspeople, and celebrities, from harm. The personnel team that protects a VIP is often referred to as the VIP's security detail . Most important public figures, such as heads of state , heads of government , and governors are protected by

462-568: Is now the western Utah and eastern Nevada. In aboriginal times, they practiced subsistence hunting and gathering and exhibited fairly simple social structure. Organized primarily in nuclear families, the Goshutes hunted and gathered in family groups and often cooperated with other family groups that usually made up a village. Most Goshutes gathered with other families only two or three times a year, typically for pine nut harvests, communal hunts for no more than two to six weeks, and winter lodging which

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504-576: The Central Overland Route between Fairfield, Simpson Springs, Fish Springs , and Deep Creek . Soon after telegraph lines were strung along that route. Ranchers and farmers moved into the region, like the stations, taking the best lands available with water and forage, significant water and resource sites for the Goshutes in the otherwise barren land. Finally after attacks on the Central Overland stage stations and coaches in

546-524: The Duckwater Shoshone Tribe (Tsaidüka) know them as Egwibaanɨwɨ (literally "Smell Water People") - maybey referring to their desert culture survival techniques. In 1847, pioneers with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) settled in the neighboring Salt Lake Valley, and shortly afterwards began to impinge Goshute territory. Tooele valley soon became a major grazing ground for LDS cattle owners from Salt Lake to

588-692: The Hot Springs Hotel and Brewery at the southern end of the Salt Lake Valley, in an area known as " Point of the Mountain ". Rockwell's fame as a "mountain man" attracted the explorer, Richard Francis Burton . In 1860, on his trip across America to the west coast, Burton stopped to explore the Salt Lake City area. He stayed with Lysander Dayton in a village near the city, and Dayton invited Rockwell to dinner. Rockwell sent for

630-507: The Newe [nɨwɨ] or Newenee [nɨwɨnɨɨ] ('Person' or 'People'), though at times have used the term Kutsipiuti ( Gutsipiuti ) or Kuttuhsippeh , meaning "People of the dry earth" or "People of the Desert" (literally: "dust, dry ashes People"). Neighboring Numic-speaking peoples used variants including Kusiutta / Kusiyuttah , Kusiyuttah, Newenee , Gusiyuta , or Kusiyutah when referring to

672-591: The Smith family . Rockwell was eight years younger than Smith. While Smith was publishing the Book of Mormon , Rockwell picked berries at night and hauled wood into town to help pay for the publishing. In 1830, at 16-years old, Rockwell was baptized into Smith's Church of Christ in Fayette, New York . Historically, the date of Rockwell's baptism is April 6, the day the church was organized, but original documents suggest

714-592: The Timpanogos . After the Timpanogos suffered the massacres at Battle Creek and Fort Utah , many of the survivors came and combined with the Goshutes, intermarrying and assuming leadership roles. By 1851 the Goshutes had confiscated approximately $ 5,000 worth of cattle that had been grazing in their traditional homelands. In response, the Mormons sent an army with orders to kill the Goshute. The army ambushed

756-571: The American Continent. On the evening of May 6, 1842, Lilburn Boggs was shot by an unknown party who fired at him through a window as he read a newspaper in his study. He was badly wounded but survived. Boggs was the governor of Missouri who had signed the Executive Order 44 on October 27, 1838, known as the " Extermination Order " evicting Mormons from Missouri by violent and deadly means. The Sangamo Journal published

798-556: The Goshute People. English variants included: Goshutes, Go-sha-utes, Goship-Utes, Goshoots, Gos-ta-Utes, Gishiss, Goshen Utes, Kucyut, and Gosiutsi . These names suggest a closer affinity among the Goshute and Ute Peoples than other Numic-speaking groups, such as the Shoshone and Paiute. However, Ute , Uin-tah or Utah Indian were often used as catch-all terms by Anglo-American settlers. The Goshute occupied much of what

840-549: The Goshute Reservation and Salt Lake City, Utah . The tribe consists of about 130 people, of whom 31 live on an 18,000-acre (7,300 ha) reservation located at 40°23′15″N 112°44′09″W  /  40.38750°N 112.73583°W  / 40.38750; -112.73583 in Tooele County. The Dugway Proving Grounds lies just south of Skull Valley . To the east is a nerve gas storage facility and to

882-587: The Goshute was made in the journal of Jedediah Smith while returning from a trip to California on his way to Bear Lake (Goshute: Pa'ga-di-da-ma / Pa'ga-dĭt ) in 1827. For the next two decades European contact with the Goshutes remained sporadic and insignificant. There were five divisions or subtribes: Other sources are listing following Kusiutta / Goshute (Gosiute) divisions or regional groupings: The Western Shoshoni speaking Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada called all Goshute after one of their important bands Aibibaa Newe ("White chalky clay Water People"),

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924-467: The Goshutes $ 1,000.00 a year for twenty years as compensation for the destruction of their game. The treaty was signed on October 12, 1863, ratified in 1864 and announced by President Lincoln on January 17, 1865. The tribe ratified their constitution in 1940. In 1993, they had 413 enrolled members. The Skull Valley Indian Reservation is located in Tooele County, Utah , about halfway between

966-668: The Great Basin , and their traditional territory extends from the Great Salt Lake (Goshute: Tĭ'tsa-pa - "Fish Water" or Pi'a-pa - "Great Water") to the Steptoe Range in Nevada, and south to Simpson Springs (Goshute term: Pi'a-pa or Toi'ba ). Within this area, the Goshutes were concentrated in three areas: Deep Creek Valley near Ibapah ( Ai-bim-pa / Ai'bĭm-pa - "White Clay Water" referring to Deep Creek ) on

1008-542: The Independence jail where he was being held. On September 30, 1843, it was reported: Though never indicted for the attempted assassination, Rockwell was tried and convicted of jailbreak. Rockwell was released on December 13, 1843—ten months after his arrest. The morning of September 16, 1845, Lieutenant Frank Worrell of the nearby Carthage militia was shot and killed by Rockwell after refusing an order to stop by non-Mormon Sherriff William Backenstos. Worrell had been

1050-475: The Life of Porter Rockwell by John Rockwell. Rockwell's life was examined on The Dollop , a comedic podcast that examines American history, in episode #74. Rockwell's life was examined again on Let Them Fight: A Comedy History Podcast , a comedic historical podcast that examines violent people throughout all history, in episode #120. Bodyguard A bodyguard (or close protection officer/operative )

1092-492: The Mormons, the Goshutes wintered in the Deep Creek Valley in dug out houses built of willow poles and earth known as wiki-ups. In the spring and summer they gathered wild onions, carrots and potatoes, and hunted small game in the mountains. The Goshute use the root of Carex as medicine. Gosiute is one main regional dialect of Shoshoni , a Central Numic language . The Goshute are an indigenous peoples of

1134-593: The Utah-Nevada border, Simpson’s Springs farther southeast, and the Skull (Goshute: Pa'ho-no-pi / Pa'o-no-pi ) and Tooele Valleys. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Navajo and Ute slave raiders preyed upon the Goshute. Unlike their neighbors, the Goshutes only obtained horses in the late 19th century. The Goshute diet depended on the grasslands, and consisted mostly of rats, lizards, snakes, rabbits, insects, grass-seed, and roots. The first written description of

1176-418: The client, searching vehicles, and escorting the client on their day-to-day activities. In the event of an emergency, a bodyguard's priority will always be to evacuate their client, rather than engage with threats. Goshute The Goshutes are a tribe of Western Shoshone Native Americans . There are two federally recognized Goshute tribes today: The Goshute (Gosiute) refer to themselves as

1218-655: The distinction of being the subject of a direct prophecy by Smith . After spending eight months in jail on charges of attempting to assassinate Boggs, Rockwell traveled to Nauvoo , appearing unannounced at a Christmas party at Smith's home. After his identity was confirmed, Smith was moved to say: I prophesy, in the name of the Lord, you—Orrin Porter Rockwell—so long as ye shall remain loyal and true to thy faith, need fear no enemy. Cut not thy hair, and no bullet or blade can harm thee. The promise echoes one given by an angel to

1260-717: The early 1860s, California Volunteers of the Union Army , under Brigadier-General Patrick E. Connor , attacked the Goshutes, killing many and forcing the survivors to sign a treaty. The treaty did not give up land or sovereignty but did agree to end all hostile actions against the whites and to allow several routes of travel to pass through their country. They also agreed to the construction of military posts and station houses wherever necessary. Stage lines, telegraph lines, and railways would be permitted to be built through their domain; mines, mills, and ranches would be permitted and timber could be cut. The federal government agreed to pay

1302-470: The following about Rockwell: They say he was a murderer; if he was, he was the friend of Joseph Smith and Brigham Young, and he was faithful to them, and to his covenants, and he has gone to Heaven and apostates can go to Hell ... Porter Rockwell was yesterday afternoon ushered into Heaven clothed with immortality and eternal life, and crowned with all glory which belongs to a departed saint. He has his little faults, but Porter's life on earth, taken altogether,

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1344-508: The meadowland, leaving it unfit for sustaining the animals and plants used by the Goshutes. Pioneers believed that Utah was a promised land given to them by God, and did not recognize any Goshute claim to the land. The Goshutes did not accept the Mormon claim of exclusive rights to natural resources. They began confiscating cattle that would trespass onto their property. At first the cattle were herded to Utah Valley, suggesting cooperation with

1386-454: The north and Utah Valley to the south. In 1849, the pioneers started building permanent structures in Goshute territory, beginning with a grist mill commissioned by Ezra T. Benson . Other pioneer families followed and by 1850 Tooele County was established. The Mormon encroachment severely interrupted the Goshute way of life. Mormons occupied many of the best camping sites near reliable springs, hunted in Goshute hunting grounds, and overgrazed

1428-479: The north is the Magnesium Corporation plant which has had severe environmental problems. The reservation was a proposed location for an 820-acre (330 ha) dry cask storage facility for the storage of 40,000 metric tons of spent nuclear fuel. Only 120 acres (49 ha) are for the actual facility, and the rest of the land is a buffer area. 8½ years after application, this facility was licensed by

1470-751: The old site of his Hot Springs Hotel and Brewery near the Utah State Penitentiary, the other in Lehi, Utah , off of Main Street behind. In 1971, the restaurant "Porter's Place" was opened on Lehi Main Street but later in 2018, it moved to Eureka, Utah, and eventually closed permanently. Three comprehensive biographies have been written about Rockwell. Orrin Porter Rockwell: Man of God, Son of Thunder by Harold Schindler, Porter Rockwell A Biography by Richard Lloyd Dewey, and Stories from

1512-424: The parents of the biblical Samson . Rockwell, at one time, cut his hair. After hearing of a balding widow with typhoid fever , he offered his famous long hair to make a wig. The recipient of the hair was Agnes Coolbrith Smith Pickett, widow of Smith's brother, Don Carlos . The Porter Rockwell Trail is a walking trail that spans Lehi , Draper , White City , and Sandy . Two statues of Rockwell exist: one near

1554-637: The sergeant of the guard at Carthage when the Smiths were assassinated. Following Smith's death , Rockwell followed Brigham Young and the LDS Church to the Salt Lake Valley. In 1849, Rockwell was appointed as deputy marshal of Great Salt Lake City , and remained a peace officer until his death. He was well known for his endurance, loyalty, and relentlessness. On April 21st 1851, a group of Goshute confiscated some horses that had invaded their territory near Benson Grist Mill . General Daniel H. Wells sent

1596-520: The traditional Goshute homelands of Tooele, Rush, and Skull Valleys. With the settlement of Ibapah, the Mormons had completely pushed the Goshutes out of any favored land. Soon 49ers and later wagon trains of emigrant groups continually passed through their territory on the way west to California. Contact increased when the military established Camp Floyd at Fairfield , later the Pony Express and Butterfield Overland Mail set up stations along

1638-630: Was buried in the Salt Lake City Cemetery . At the time of his death, Rockwell had been a baptized Latter-day Saint longer than anyone living. His epitaph reads: He was brave and loyal to his faith. True to the Prophet Joseph Smith. A promise made him by the prophet. Through obedience, it was fulfilled. At Rockwell's funeral, which was held at the Salt Lake City 14th Ward school house, apostle Joseph F. Smith , nephew of Joseph Smith and future church president , spoke

1680-402: Was for a longer period. These gatherings often lasted no more than two to six weeks, although winter gatherings were longer, with families organizing under a dagwani , or village headman. The Goshutes hunted lizards, snakes, small fish, birds, gophers, rabbits, rats, skunks, squirrels, and, when available, pronghorn , bear, coyote , deer, elk , and bighorn sheep . Hunting of large game

1722-526: Was one worthy of example, and reflected honor upon the church. Through all his trials, he never once forgot his obligations to his brethren and his God. However, not all reactions to Rockwell's death were positive. On June 11, 1878, the Salt Lake Tribune stated, "Porter Rockwell is another of the long list of Mormon criminals whose deeds of treachery and blood have reddened the soil of Utah, and who has paid no forfeit to offended law." Rockwell had

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1764-473: Was usually done by men, the hunters sharing large game with other members of the village. Women and children gathered harvesting nearly 100 species of wild vegetables and seeds, the most important being the pine nut. They also gathered insects the most important being red ants, crickets and grasshoppers. However, a family was able to provide for most of its needs without assistance. Their traditional arts include beadwork and basketry . Prior to contact with

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