44-540: Portland Church is an ancient church located in County Tipperary , Ireland. Portland Church is located near Portumna , about 1 km (0.62 mi) from the River Shannon . Portland Church is an early stone church with Romanesque features. The east window is very small and the sacristy at the rear is corbelled . County Tipperary County Tipperary ( Irish : Contae Thiobraid Árann )
88-477: A pamphlet , Proceedings between Sankey and Petty , in which he tried to refute the allegations of fraud by Sankey. This pamphlet was followed, in 1660, by an essay, Reflections upon some persons and things in Ireland , where he explained that he had defected from the ranks of scientists to do the survey "to demonstrate to the public the utility of a scientific training". He further explained his unpopularity by
132-497: A delay of more than six months were his sureties released, and his claim for pay acknowledged. After a delay, he received £18,532 for conducting the survey, to include payment for his assistants and general expenses. He had difficulty in collecting further agreed payments from the army, set at £3,181 which was still due in February 1657. In payment of this debt, 9,665 acres (39 km ) of land were allotted to him. Petty also took
176-572: A description attributed to Thomas Davis , Editor of The Nation newspaper in the 1840s as a tribute to the nationalistic feeling in Tipperary and said that "where Tipperary leads, Ireland follows". Tipperary was the subject of the famous song " It's a Long Way to Tipperary " written by Jack Judge , whose grandparents came from the county. It was popular with regiments of the British Army during World War I . The song "Slievenamon", which
220-482: A prominent share of the subsequent commissioners' work of evaluating and allotting the lands among the claimants, for which he was compensated by assigning him 6,000 acres (24 km ) of land, and permission to buy £2,000 worth of debentures . As a result of the re-distribution, approximately 7,500 New Model Army veterans settled in Ireland, in what became known as the Cromwellian Plantation . In
264-678: A strong association with the Gaelic Athletic Association , which was founded in Thurles in 1884. Tipperary GAA – a county board of the GAA – organizes local competitions for hurling , Gaelic football , camogie and handball . The board also enters county representative teams into the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship and All-Ireland Senior Football Championship . Tipperary is
308-654: Is a county in Ireland . It is in the province of Munster and the Southern Region . The county is named after the town of Tipperary , and was established in the early 13th century, shortly after the Norman invasion of Ireland . It is Ireland's largest inland county and shares a border with eight counties, more than any other. The population of the county was 167,895 at the 2022 census. The largest towns are Clonmel , Nenagh and Thurles . Tipperary County Council
352-735: Is surprising, and they continue to be referred to as trustworthy evidence in courts of law even at the present day. Copies of a number of the parish maps survive in various institutions. The National Library of Ireland holds a set of Down Survey parish maps copied by Daniel O'Brien in the 1780s and purchased in the 1960s from a firm of Dublin solicitors. These maps cover land in counties Cork , Dublin, East Meath ( Meath ), King's County ( Offaly ), Leitrim , Limerick , Longford , Queen's County ( Laois ), Kilkenny , Tipperary , Waterford , Westmeath , Wexford and Wicklow . In some cases, summary barony maps have been included, though these barony maps are not necessarily fully comprehensive. Some copies of
396-502: Is the local authority for the county. In 1838, County Tipperary was divided into two ridings , North and South . From 1899 until 2014, they had their own county councils . They were unified under the Local Government Reform Act 2014 , which came into effect following the 2014 local elections on 3 June 2014. Tipperary is the sixth-largest of the 32 counties by area and the 12th largest by population. It
440-484: Is the economic hub of the county, due to manufacturing facilities owned by Bulmers (brewers) and Merck & Co. (pharmaceuticals) east of the town. There is much fertile land, especially in the region known as the Golden Vale , one of the richest agricultural areas in Ireland. Tipperary is famous for its horse breeding industry and is the home of Coolmore Stud , the largest thoroughbred breeding operation in
484-420: Is the third-largest of Munster's six counties by both size and population. It is also the largest landlocked county in Ireland. Tipperary is bounded (clockwise) by counties Offaly, Laois, Kilkenny, Waterford, Cork, Limerick, Clare and Galway. Its eight neighbours are the most of any county on the island. The region is part of the central plain of Ireland, but the diverse terrain contains several mountain ranges:
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#1732780969301528-478: Is traditionally associated with the county, was written by Charles Kickham from Mullinahone , and is commonly sung at sporting fixtures involving the county. There is no Gaeltacht in County Tipperary and consequently few Irish speakers. Nevertheless, there are five Gaelscoileanna (Irish language primary schools) and two Gaelcholáistí (Irish language secondary schools). The area around Clonmel
572-527: The Down Survey as an intermediate subdivision, with multiple townlands per parish and multiple parishes per barony. The civil parishes had some use in local taxation and were included on the nineteenth century maps of the Ordnance Survey of Ireland . For poor law purposes, district electoral divisions replaced the civil parishes in the mid-nineteenth century. There are 199 civil parishes in
616-519: The Dublin–Cork line such as Templemore , Thurles and Limerick Junction . The Dublin-to-Limerick line connect at Ballybrophy for services through north Tipperary. The Limerick–Waterford line connect to the Dublin–Cork line at Limerick Junction . The railway lines connect places in Tipperary with Cork , Dublin Heuston , Waterford , Limerick , Mallow , and Galway . County Tipperary has
660-565: The Kenmare area, in southwest Ireland, and £9,000. This was described in Aubrey's Biography of Petty as "50,000 acres [200 km ] visible from Mount Mangorton ". By 1658, when Cromwell died, Petty owned so much Irish land that he essentially owned what is now County Kerry and held the title Earl of Landsdowne , Landsdowne being a new British name for Kerry. The English gentleman, Evelyn , who knew Petty well, spoke of him: The resulting maps of
704-835: The Knockmealdown , the Galtee , the Arra Hills and the Silvermine Mountains . Most of the county is drained by the River Suir ; the north-western part by tributaries of the River Shannon ; the eastern part by the River Nore ; the south-western corner by the Munster Blackwater . No part of the county touches the coast. The centre is known as 'the Golden Vale ', a rich pastoral stretch of land in
748-517: The M8 motorway bisects the county from north of Two-Mile Borris to the County Limerick border. Both routes are among some of the busiest roads on the island. The Limerick to Waterford N24 crosses the southern half of Tipperary, travelling through Tipperary Town , Bansha , north of Cahir and around Clonmel and Carrick-on-Suir . Tipperary also has a number of railway stations situated on
792-748: The North Riding met in Nenagh . When the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 established county councils to replace the grand jury for civil functions, the ridings became separate " administrative counties " with separate county councils. Their names were changed from "Tipperary North/South Riding" to "North/South Tipperary" by the Local Government Act 2001 , which redesignated all "administrative counties" as simply "counties". The Local Government Reform Act 2014 has amalgamated
836-622: The archiepiscopal see of Cashel , which formed the separate county of Cross Tipperary . Though the Earls gained jurisdiction over the church lands in 1662, "Tipperary and Cross Tipperary" were not definitively united until the County Palatine of Tipperary Act 1715 , when the 2nd Duke of Ormond was attainted for supporting the Jacobite rising of 1715 . The county was divided once again in 1838. The county town of Clonmel , where
880-580: The grand jury held its twice-yearly assizes , is at the southern limit of the county, and roads leading north were poor, making the journey inconvenient for jurors resident there. A petition to move the county town to a more central location was opposed by the MP for Clonmel , so instead the county was split into two " ridings "; the grand jury of the South Riding continued to meet in Clonmel, while that of
924-482: The 1650s, Petty was charged with fraud in the survey, by several members of Parliament, particularly Sir H. Sankey – illustrating that this survey involved fortunes for speculators and creditors of the Cromwell government. The allocations of land to Petty by the army in lieu of payment were alleged to be over-stated. His work in allocating the lands also made him open to attack and bribery by those seeking allocation of
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#1732780969301968-896: The Suir basin which extends into counties Limerick and Cork . At 917 m, Galtymore is the highest point. The Devil's Bit is a part of the Slieve Bloom range. The River Shannon flows along the northwest border with counties Limerick , Galway and Clare . The River Suir rises at the Devil's Bit and flows into the sea east of Waterford . There are 12 historic baronies in County Tipperary: Clanwilliam , Eliogarty , Iffa and Offa East , Iffa and Offa West , Ikerrin , Kilnamanagh Lower , Kilnamanagh Upper , Middle Third , Ormond Lower , Ormond Upper , Owney and Arra and Slievardagh . Parishes were delineated after
1012-570: The collection of motor taxation, local roads and social housing . Most of the county is in the Dáil constituency of Tipperary , which returns five deputies ( TDs ) to the Dáil. A small part of the county in the former rural district of Nenagh is in the constituency of Limerick City . The county is part of the South constituency for European elections. Tipperary is referred to as the "Premier County",
1056-561: The county. Townlands are the smallest officially defined geographical divisions in Ireland; there are 3,159 townlands in the county. Following the Norman invasion of Ireland , the Kingdom of Munster was claimed as a lordship. By 1210, the sheriffdom of Munster shired into the shires of Tipperary and Limerick . In 1328, Tipperary was granted to the Earls of Ormond as a county palatine or liberty . The grant excluded church lands such as
1100-562: The lands of the defeated Irish, mostly Confederate Catholics , who had opposed Cromwell and supported the royalists . Parliamentarian soldiers who served in Ireland were entitled to an allotment of confiscated land there, in lieu of their wages, which the Parliament was unable to pay in full. Lands were also to be provided to a third group, settlers from England and America. The dispossessed landholders were to be transported to Connacht and to some counties in other provinces. To facilitate
1144-527: The legal profession. As a result, the Down Survey is considered to be about 87% accurate. Profitable and unprofitable land were distinguished, and there were abbreviated captions for arable , meadow , bog , woodland , mountain and several kinds of pasture , with area figures for each of these categories. Coverage of other subjects was uneven. In the parish maps, dwelling houses with the owners' names are entered in each townland. Generally speaking, it
1188-458: The limited lands. Following investigations, he was acquitted, but a dissenting report accused him of magnifying the debt due to him by the army, of charging the army with debts not really due by them, and of reserving for himself portions of choice lands. Although never convicted of mis-appropriation, charges related to the Irish survey pursued Petty for a number of years. In 1659, Petty published
1232-478: The need to attack him rather than directly attack his leader, Henry Cromwell . Petty gained fame for his Survey of Ireland. It was the first British imperial survey of an entire conquered nation and Petty was given great credit as a pioneer by the Royal Society . The results became part of his life's work. Petty also undertook the first complete mapping of Ireland in 1673 and the first census of Ireland, for
1276-628: The only county across any Gaelic game to have won an all-Ireland title in every decade since the 1880s. Hurling has traditionally been the county's dominant sport, however, with its hurling team having won 28 All-Ireland titles in comparison to the football team 's four. Tipperary has the third-highest All-Ireland tally of any county hurling team, behind only Kilkenny and Cork . Horse racing takes place at Tipperary Racecourse , Thurles Racecourse and Clonmel Racecourse . 52°40′N 7°50′W / 52.667°N 7.833°W / 52.667; -7.833 Down Survey The Down Survey
1320-588: The original Down Survey barony maps survive. The Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (PRONI) has a set in the Annesley Collection. The British Library acquired another set in recent years. The best set, a personal set of Sir William Petty's, is in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France . It seems that set was en route by sea to London in 1707, when a French vessel captured the ship. The Bibliothèque Nationale subsequently received
1364-430: The parish maps into barony maps. The details listed in terriers beside the maps include the names of previous owners of the lands, religious affiliation, land valuation, and area. The maps themselves include townland boundaries, and sometimes houses/castles, roads and fields. It listed the owners of land in 1640, and the new owners. Considering the time and circumstances in which these maps were executed, their accuracy
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1408-793: The parishes, all drawn by Petty himself, were preserved in the Surveyor General's office and in the Public Record Office in Dublin. The original Down Survey parish maps were lost in a fire in the Surveyor General's office in 1711, and the authenticated copies of the parish maps were lost in fires at the Public Record Office in the Four Courts during the Irish Civil War of 1922 . Petty also edited
1452-481: The project using the now-unemployed – and cheap – soldiery. To enable unskilled soldiers to complete the task properly, Petty designed and built some simple instruments. The soldiers were only required to note the position of natural features and then use the chain provided to measure distances. Skilled cartographers then laid the information collected onto gridded paper at a central office in Dublin . The method used
1496-530: The re-distribution, an accurate survey of the lands was required. Benjamin Worsley , the Surveyor General , had made a survey in 1653. Petty challenged Worsley's direction of the new survey, on the basis that Worsley intended to map only territorial boundaries, to the exclusion of the administrative boundaries introduced from 1520s for local government. The Civil Survey which preceded the Down Survey
1540-539: The security of 2,500,000 acres (10,000 km ) of Irish land to be confiscated at the close of the rebellion. This approach had been provided for by the 1642 Adventurers' Act of the Long Parliament , which said that the Parliament's creditors could reclaim their debts by receiving confiscated land in Ireland. The Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652 provided for the confiscation and re-distribution of
1584-411: The surveyor-general's proposals, and with a general map of the country. The Government signed a contract with Petty on 24 December 1654. The survey employed about a thousand men and was performed with the promised rapidity, not by introducing new scientific methods, but by careful direction of the numerous subordinates among whom the labour was apportioned. Instead of using skilled surveyors, he completed
1628-567: The time of its creation, it was considered one of the most accurate maps, and the first British imperial survey of an entire conquered nation. In August 1649, the New Model Army , led by Oliver Cromwell , went to Ireland to re-occupy the country following the Irish Rebellion of 1641 . This Cromwellian conquest was largely complete by 1652. This army was raised and supported by money advanced by private individuals, subscribed on
1672-437: The two counties and restored a single county of Tipperary. Following the 2014 local election , Tipperary County Council is the local authority for the county. The authority is the successor council to North Tipperary County Council and South Tipperary County Council which operated up until June 2014. The local authority is responsible for certain local services such as sanitation, planning and development , libraries,
1716-410: The world. Tourism plays a significant role in County Tipperary – Lough Derg , Thurles , Rock of Cashel , Ormonde Castle , Ahenny High Crosses , Cahir Castle , Bru Boru Heritage Centre and Tipperary Crystal are some of the primary tourist destinations in the county. Road transport dominates in County Tipperary. The M7 motorway crosses the north of the county through Roscrea and Nenagh and
1760-419: The year 1659. Sir William Petty further used the Down Survey, supplemented with other materials from surveys in 1636–40 and 1656–9, as research towards his 1685 atlas publication, Hiberniae Delineatio , the first printed atlas of Ireland, which used reduced edited versions of his maps. The survey brought him considerable personal profit. As his reward, he acquired approximately 30,000 acres (120 km ) in
1804-415: Was a cadastral survey of Ireland, carried out by English scientist, William Petty , in 1655 and 1656. It was created to provide for precise re-allocation of land confiscated from the Irish. The survey was apparently called the "Down Survey" by Petty, either because the results were set down in maps or because the surveyors made use of Gunther's chain , which had to be "laid down" with every measure. At
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1848-520: Was a survey of confiscated land. Parts of counties Roscommon , Galway , Clare and Mayo were not surveyed as they had been covered in the Strafford Survey of Connaught (1636–1640) and were anyway not to be confiscated. On the completion of the work, the surveyor-general examined the survey but advised its rejection. A fresh committee accepted the survey on 17 May 1656. Petty's other requests were reserved for consideration, and only after
1892-417: Was not a mapped survey, but provided detailed descriptions of boundaries and valuations of holdings, and its data was used as input to Petty's survey. William Petty, then physician-general to the Irish armies, on a leave of absence from his position as Professor of Anatomy at Brasenose College, Oxford offered to undertake a new survey which would be concluded quickly – within thirteen months, more cheaply than
1936-413: Was one of surveying the boundaries of parishes, the block of townlands inside those boundaries was not usually detailed. The scale used was generally 40 Irish perches to an inch (sometimes 80 perches), one perch equalling 21 feet (6.4 m), giving a scale of 1:251.43. This land survey method was used widely in rural Ireland up to the nineteenth century and sorting out the precise details was left usually to
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