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66-486: A number of Roman ports were known as portus magnus ("grand port") : Portus Magnus, Spain: modern Almería Portus Magnus, Algeria : modern Bethioua Portus Magnus, Egypt: modern Alexandria Portus Magnus (Mauretania), in the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis Magnus Portus: modern Bosham , near Chichester, England [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

132-536: A container port to take large-scale international shipping and thereby increase its freight traffic. It normally connects with the following destinations: By air, Almería is served by Almería Airport , the fourth largest in Andalusia. The winter timetable includes flights to Madrid , Barcelona , Melilla , London , and Seville, with international connections to Manchester , Birmingham , Brussels , Dublin and Swiss, German and other EU airports being added during

198-477: A large cistern into which water from the compluvium pitched roofs drained. North of the courtyard was a domestic shrine ( lararium ) of which the quadrangular altar leaning against the northwest corner and the shrine for the lares in the east wall are preserved. The floor of the room is in cocciopesto decorated with white pieces while the walls retain remnants of the stucco decoration (Pompeian 1st style). House B had an upper floor whose rubble (unbaked bricks of

264-462: A mid-6th-early 5th century BC necropolis was discovered. A large-scale excavation by Professor Ernesto de Miro from 1950 uncovered late 4th–late 1st century BC dwellings and the late 4th century BC theatre. The absence of Arretine ware at the site strongly suggests that the city was abandoned by the beginning of the 1st century AD. Many cemeteries and tombs have been excavated in the nearby countryside and many of their grave goods are on display in

330-424: A mobile wooden podium were found. The theatre was abandoned in the 2nd-1st c. BC when other buildings used the walls of the staircases. The soft building stone, as used throughout the city, has mandated a modern roof to protect the theatre from further erosion. The oldest IV-III c. BC settlement is visible at present through two completely excavated houses: A and B. House A had a courtyard ( atrium ) equipped with

396-608: A new taifa, ruled by the Arab Banu Sumadih until 1091, when it fell to Almoravid control. This allowed the city's economy to insert itself into the trade networks of the Almoravid empire . Building upon the previous development during the caliphal period, Almería reached a degree of historical relevance unmatched in the rest of its history throughout the 11th and 12th centuries, becoming the third-largest city of Al-Andalus . Almería imported indigo dye and wool from

462-596: A part of its territory in the Alboran Sea, Alboran Island . The island has a small cemetery, a harbor, and a lighthouse, built in the 19th century. According to the Köppen climate classification , Almería has a transitional climate between hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen : BSh ) and a hot desert climate ( Köppen BWh ). Almería is the driest city in Europe and it is the only one with a hot desert climate, starting in

528-485: A precipitation amount of 156 mm (6.1 in), and an annual temperature of 19.1 °C (66.4 °F), while mountainous areas (such as the Tabernas Desert ) receive a precipitation amount of 220 mm (8.7 in) per year, and an average temperature of 17.9 °C (64.2 °F), so it would be classified as a cold desert climate ( BWk ) bordering a cold semi-arid climate ( BSk ). Inland areas of

594-627: A small town and a colony of the Greek settlement of Selinus (itself founded about 650 BC), bearing the name of Minoa. From its founding Minoa was in contention between Selinus (as its eastern outpost) and Akragas which wanted control of the Platani valley. In c. 510 BC Dorieus the Spartan (brother of Cleomenes I ) came to Sicily with the intent of reclaiming the territory which he believed had belonged to his ancestor Heracles. But in fighting

660-415: A team of geologists found a cave filled with giant gypsum crystals in an abandoned silver mine near Almería. The cavity, which measures 8 by 1.8 by 1.7 metres (26.2 ft × 5.9 ft × 5.6 ft), may be the largest geode ever found. The entrance of the cave was blocked by five tons of rocks, and was under police protection (to prevent looters from entering). According to geological models,

726-406: A wrestling match, obtained thereby the right to the whole western portion of Sicily, which he expressly reserved for his descendants. The other was that somewhat later, Minos , king of Crete , having come to Sicily in pursuit of Daedalus , landed at the mouth of the river Halycus, and founded there a city, to which he gave the name of Minoa; or, according to another version of the story, the city

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792-476: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Almer%C3%ADa Almería ( UK : / ˌ æ l m ə ˈ r iː ə / , US also / ˌ ɑː l -/ , Spanish: [almeˈɾi.a] ) is a city and municipality of Spain , located in Andalusia . It is the capital of the province of the same name . It lies in southeastern Iberia on

858-534: Is no known reason for its resurgence. It joined in the movement originated by Xenodicus of Agrigentum in 309 BC and declared itself free both from the Carthaginians and Agathocles, though it was soon recovered by Agathocles on his return from Africa in 305 BC. In 278 BC during the expedition of Pyrrhus , it had been in the hands of the Carthaginians and was the first city taken from him as he advanced westward from Agrigentum. In 260 BC in

924-473: Is not known exactly when it will re-open. Passengers currently start their journey by being bussed a few kilometres to Huercal de Almería station. By sea, the port of Almería has connections to Melilla , Algeria , Morocco , and tourist cruises in the Mediterranean. It also has a marina with moorings for pleasure boats. Currently the port of Almería is being expanded with new docks and transformed into

990-540: Is one of the sunniest cities in Europe. Almería is the only city in Continental Europe that has never registered any temperature below freezing in its recorded weather history. The coldest temperature recorded was 0.1 °C (32.2 °F) at the airport in January 2005. Before that, the previous record was 0.2 °C (32.4 °F) on 9 February 1935. Settled snow is unknown since 1935, although during

1056-506: Is produced, and inequality is reduced. Concretely, Almería is made up of 12,500 farms with an extension of 2,5 hectares and a 30% of familiar labour. It is also important the high education levels of the farmers, who shows an innovative and receptive character when it comes to continuing learning: 81,2% have some type of official academic training. At the same time, a commercial system based on social economy enterprises has been developed, e.g. as cooperative societies. These companies represent

1122-520: Is the case for most of coastal Iberia, heatwaves in Almería are much less common than in the interior because of its coastal location; The hottest temperature recorded was 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) in August 2022. The highest minimum temperature ever recorded was 33.2 °C (91.8 °F) on 31 July 2001, which is also the highest ever recorded in peninsular Spain and Iberian Peninsula . In 2000,

1188-601: Is the last who mentions the name of Heraclea; it appears to have certainly disappeared before the age of the Roman Itineraries . The urban area outside the wall was occupied in the III-VII c. AD by a late Roman villa, and in the Byzantine period with the construction of a large basilica and a connected cemetery. The location of Heraclea Minoa was first identified by the 16th century historian Tommaso Fazello ;

1254-421: Is well-documented widespread exploitation of workers from North Africa who work and live in terrible conditions, earning much lower than the minimum wage. From a social point of view, Almería and Granada are an example of family-owned and smallholder agriculture, with small farms and little concentration of land. This social nature generates high equity in the level of income and welfare, that is, social cohesion

1320-645: The Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park . This park is of volcanic origin, and is the largest and most ecologically significant marine-terrestrial space in the European Western Mediterranean Sea . The Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park runs through the municipal areas of Níjar , Almerimar and Carboneras . Its villages, previously dedicated to fishing , have become tourism spots. The beaches of Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park are also an attraction. Almería has one islet that it administers as

1386-497: The Carthaginians and Segestans , he was defeated and slain and almost all his leading companions also perished. Euryleon, the only one of the chiefs who escaped, made himself master of Minoa which now, in all probability, obtained for the first time the name of Heraclea. From the time of this new settlement it seems to have borne the name of Heraclea, though coupled with that of Minoa for the sake of distinction. The city

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1452-617: The Emirate of Granada , to which Almería belonged from then on. While relatively languishing throughout the Nasrid period, Almería still remained a key strategic port of the emirate together with Málaga , as well as a haven for pirates and political dissidents. It sustained intense trading relations with Aragon and the African port of Honaine . Almería endured a brutal siege by Aragonese forces in 1309 that, while eventually unsuccessful, left

1518-616: The First Punic War it was occupied by the Carthaginian general Hanno when advancing to the relief of Agrigentum, at that time besieged by the Roman armies. Again, in 256 BC, it was at Heraclea that the Carthaginian fleet of 350 ships was posted to prevent the passage of the Roman fleet to Africa and where it sustained a great defeat by the Roman consuls Regulus and Manlius . It appears at this time to have been one of

1584-576: The Mediterranean Sea . Caliph Abd al-Rahman III founded the city in 955. The city grew wealthy during the Islamic era, becoming a world city throughout the 11th and 12th centuries. It enjoyed an active port that traded silk , oil, and raisins. Being adjacent to a small desert, Almería has an exceptionally dry climate by European standards. The name "Almería" comes from the city's former Arabic name, Madīnat al-Mariyya , meaning "city of

1650-614: The Spanish A-92 that unites it with the rest of Andalusia. Almería railway station is served by Renfe Operadora with direct rail services to Granada , and Madrid Atocha using a branch off the Alcázar de San Juan–Cádiz railway ; the Linares Baeza–Almería railway . In the future, high-speed rail AVE services will link Almería to Madrid via Murcia . The central railway station has been closed for several months and it

1716-767: The Spanish Civil War the city was shelled by the German Navy , with news reaching the London and Parisian press about the "criminal bombardment of Almería by German planes". Almería surrendered in 1939, being the last Andalusian main city to fall to Francoist forces. In the second half of the 20th century, Almería witnessed spectacular economic growth due to tourism and intensive agriculture, with crops grown year-round in massive invernaderos – plastic-covered "greenhouses" – for intensive vegetable production. After Franco's death and popular approval of

1782-575: The War of Las Alpujarras in 1568 and scattered across the Crown of Castile. Landings and attacks by Barbary pirates were also frequent in the 16th century, and continued until the early 18th century. At that time, huge iron mines were discovered and French and British companies set up business in the area, bringing renewed prosperity and returning Almería to a position of relative importance within Spain. During

1848-554: The mulberry trees planted in the region, fostered Almería's economy. Almería also became an important slave trade hub during the caliphal period. In the wake of the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the early 11th century, Almería detached from Cordobese authority towards 1014 and became ruled as an independent taifa under Slavic kinglets . It submitted to the Taifa of Valencia in 1038, yet it soon became independent as

1914-482: The 10th century, where members of the community mostly engaged in maritime trade. When the Jews were expelled in 1492, many living in Almería fled to North Africa. The 16th century was for Almería a century of natural and human catastrophes; for there were at least four earthquakes , of which the one in 1522 was especially violent, devastating the city. The people who had remained Muslim were expelled from Almería after

1980-454: The 20th century, light flurries (without settling) occurred on few occasions. The most important settled snowfall event occurred in 1926 and the snow arrived even at the coastline of the city. The last event with settled snowfall happened on 9 February 1935. During the winter, daily maximum temperatures tend to stay around 17–18 °C (63–64 °F). At night, the minimum temperature is usually around 8–10 °C (46–50 °F). This makes

2046-493: The 62% of production and sales.  They assure the access to the market in optimal conditions, because they increase its position inside the agri-food supply chain, facilitate financing, technical advice, and incorporation of technology. Moreover, local ties increase environmental sustainability. By land, Almería can be reached by the A-7 Mediterranean Highway , which connects the Mediterranean area with

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2112-449: The Almería province are believed to have reached temperatures above 45 °C (113 °F) in summer. Though temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F) are very rare in the city of Almería. During the summer, the skies are usually sunny and almost no rainfall occurs. The typical daily temperatures are around 30 °C (86 °F) during the day while the minimum temperatures stay around 22 °C (72 °F) during July and August. As

2178-632: The Banu Mardanis, Almería submitted to the authority of Ibn Hud , who had raised the black banner and pledged nominal allegiance to Abbasid authorities by 1228. After Ibn Hud's assassination in Almería in 1238, the bulk of the remaining Muslim-controlled territories in the Iberian Peninsula passed to the control of rival ruler Ibn al-Aḥmar (sultan since 1232), who had set the capital of his emirate in Granada by 1238, constituting

2244-657: The Common Agricultural Policy: 1.9% of total income. This figure is much lower than that received by other sectors such as olive groves (33%) or cereals (53%). The production of this area is based on a fair competition with officially a just remuneration of employees, with similar salaries than the ones in the same sector in Europe: 8% higher than Italy and 11% than Belgium. This avoids the social dumping exerted by non-EU countries, like Morocco, with salaries up to 90% lower than those of Almería. However, there

2310-480: The Halycus as the boundary of the latter, had left Heraclea, though on its southeast bank, still in their hands: It was included in the similar treaty of 314 BC between the Carthaginians and Agathocles of Syracuse in that Heraclea, Selinus, and Himera should continue to be subject to Carthage as before. From this time Heraclea reappears in history, and assumes the position of an important city; though there

2376-624: The Maghreb and linen from Egypt, while it exported copper to Fez and Tlemcen as well as its highly sought textiles. Contested by the emirs of Granada and Valencia, Almería experienced many sieges, including one especially fierce siege when Christians, called to the Second Crusade by Pope Eugene III , were also encouraged to counter the Muslim forces on a more familiar coast. On that occasion Alfonso VII , starting on 11 July 1147, at

2442-418: The Platani valley to the north and sheer white cliffs to the ocean on the south side. The Heraclean promontory is mentioned by Strabo in his description of the coasts of Sicily, and which he correctly gives as 20 miles distant from the port of Agrigentum. Its two names were connected with separate myths regarding its origin. The first of these was that Heracles , having vanquished the local hero Eryx in

2508-553: The band's third album, If I Should Fall from Grace with God . In 1989, English electronic band Depeche Mode filmed the video for their song " Personal Jesus " in Almería. Tourism increased and hotels were all occupied from January to February during the filming of the sixth season of the TV series Game of Thrones . Almería hosted the Mediterranean Games in 2005. The city has two football teams: UD Almería , which

2574-465: The cave was formed during the Messinian salinity crisis 6 million years ago, when the Mediterranean sea evaporated and left thick layers of salt sediments ( evaporites ). The site is currently open for tourists under guided tours. The festive events that occur in the municipality are listed below: Heraclea Minoa Excavations have revealed several parts of the city which are now open to

2640-473: The city battered. The city submitted to the sovereignty of the Catholic Monarchs on 22 December 1489. Relatively isolated and within the range of attacks from Barbary pirates , the hitherto mercantile city entered modernity by undergoing a process of heavy ruralization that imperiled its very same continued existence as a city. Historically, there was a Jewish community in Almería dating to

2706-450: The city of Almería one of the warmest in winter in Spain . The city only receives yearly precipitation of just 200 mm (7.9 in) and 26 days of precipitation annually; so while no month could be described as truly wet, there are strong seasonal differences in terms of precipitation and temperature, with coastal parts of the city (such as the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park ) receiving

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2772-556: The coastline around Almería to Torrevieja , in the northeast. The nearby Faro del Cabo in the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park , has the lowest annual precipitation on the European continent (156 millimetres (6.1 in)) in the period 1961-1990 and around 140 millimetres (5.5 in) since 2010. Almería enjoys about 3,000 hours of sunshine with over 320 sunny days per year on average (6 hours of sunshine in January and 12 in July) so it

2838-502: The colony at the end of the First Servile War in 132 BC. The organisation of the city with a grid of insulae framed by north–south and east–west roads follows the pattern of the previous phase. The houses typically consist of two or more rooms surrounding a courtyard with a hearth. The house walls are built on a base of chalk stone blocks with mud bricks above. The imposing walls are visible for most of their path, built of

2904-399: The composer José Padilla Sánchez, whose music was declared of "universal interest" by Unesco in 1989, the popular folk singer Manolo Escobar , renowned Flamenco guitar player José Tomás "Tomatito" and Grammy Award winner David Bisbal ; the champion motorcyclist Antonio Maeso moved to Almería as a child. The Irish folk-rock group The Pogues paid tribute to Almería in "Fiesta", a song on

2970-575: The early efforts of recovery in the city, that under the decade of Christian occupation reportedly had been left depopulated and, by and large, quite destroyed. During Almohad rule, the city did not return to its previous splendor, although the port remained trading with the Crown of Aragon and the Italian republics. Following the rebellion against Almohad rule heralded by the likes of the Banu Hud and

3036-432: The fall of Syracuse . Little of it is recorded under Roman dominion, but it appears to have suffered severely in the First Servile War (134–132 BC) and in consequence received a body of fresh colonists, who were established there by the praetor Publius Rupilius . At the same time the relations of the old and new citizens were regulated by a municipal law, which still subsisted in the time of Cicero , when Heraclea

3102-401: The foundations of the walls could be distinctly traced and, though no ruins remained standing, the whole site abounded with remains of pottery and brickwork. According to Fazello an aqueduct was then also still visible between the city and the mouth of the river but its remains have since disappeared, though the height difference makes this unlikely to be practible. In the early 20th century,

3168-491: The head of mixed armies of Catalans, Genoese, Pisans and Franks, led a crusade against the rich city, and Almería was captured on 17 October 1147, marking the breakup of the city's period of splendor in the Middle Ages. Within a decade, in 1157, Almería had passed to the control of Muslim Almohad rulers. Almería soon passed by the temporary overarching control of rebel Murcian emir Ibn Mardanish (1165–1169), hindering

3234-539: The new Spanish Constitution, the people of southern Spain were called on to approve an autonomous status for Andalusia region in a referendum. The referendum were approved with 118,186 votes for and 11,092 votes against in Almería province, which represented 42% of all registered voters. Famous natives of Almería include Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso , who in 1873 was the third president of the First Spanish Republic , as well as several musicians, including

3300-405: The on-site museum. The theatre was built in the 4th-3rd c. BC into the hollow of a small hill with, unusually, the cavea facing south against the advice of Vitruvius . The side of the theatre is built onto the city walls. The sides of the auditorium are prolonged like a few other Greek theatres (e.g. Segeste, Athens). It did not have a real stage as in the orchestra the fixings for cables of

3366-584: The principal naval stations of the Carthaginians in Sicily and in 249 BC their admiral, Carthalo , took his post there to watch for the Roman fleet which was approaching to the relief of Lilybaeum . At the close of the war Heraclea passed, with the rest of Sicily, under the Roman dominion; but in the Second Punic War it again fell into the hands of the Carthaginians, and was one of the last places that still held out against Marcellus , even after

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3432-412: The profitability and quality of the crops and the competitiveness of the markets. Moreover, Almería's economy has an important exporting function: 75% of production was sold abroad in 2018, with a value of 2.400 million euros. This development is explained by familiar investment, as subsidies have been limited or non-existent. In this sense, the horticultural sector receives the least European aids from

3498-459: The public. Archaeology has shown that the city was founded in the middle of the 6th century BC as an outpost of the Greek colony of Selinus (modern Selinunte ) and was finally abandoned around the beginning of the 1st century AD. The city is situated a few hundred metres southeast of the mouth of the river Platani (the ancient Halycus) in a defendable position atop the conspicuous promontory now called Capo Bianco with gently sloping sides down to

3564-3822: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. v t e [REDACTED] Phoenician cities and colonies Algeria Camarata Cartennae ( Tenes ) Hippo Regius Icosium ( Algiers ) Igilgili ( Jijel ) Iol (Cherchell) Iomnium ( Tigzirt ) Cirta ( Constantine ) Kissi (Djinet) Macomades Malaca Rachgoun Rusazus ( Azeffoun ) Rusguniae ( Tamentfoust ) Rusicade (Skikda) Rusippisir (Taksebt) Rusubbicari ( Zemmouri El Bahri) Rusuccuru (Dellys) Sarai ( Aïn Oulmene ) Thagora ( Taoura ) Tipasa in Mauretania Tipasa in Numidia Timici Cyprus Dhali Kition ( Larnaca ) Lapathus Marion Greece Callista (Santorini) Paxi Rhodes Delos Israel Achzib Akka (Acre) Dora Michal Jaffa Reshef Shikmona ( Haifa ) Strato's Tower (Caesarea) Italy Bitan ( Chia ) Cape Melqart (Cefalù) Drepanum ( Trapani ) Eryx ( Erice ) Heraclea Minoa Kapara (Soluntum) Karaly ( Cagliari ) Lilybaeum Motya Neapolis Nora Olbia Pantelleria Selinunte Sulci ( Sant'Antioco ) Tharros Ṣiṣ (Palermo) Lebanon Amia Ampi Arqa Athar (Tripoli) Baalbek Birut ( Beirut ) Botrys (Teros) Gebal (Byblos) Ornithon (Tell el-Burak) Porphyreon (Jieh) Sarepta Sidon Sur (Tyre) , Ushu (Palaetyrus) Umm al-Amad Libya Lepcis ( Khoms ) Oyat ( Tripoli ) Tsabratan Malta Maleth ( Cospicua ) Ann ( Mdina ) Gaulos (Gozo) Għajn Qajjet Mtarfa Ras il-Wardija Tas-Silġ Morocco Azama (Azemmour) Arambys (Mogador) Caricus Murus Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir) Likush ( Larache ) Shalat (Chellah) Tamusida Tinga ( Tangier ) Anfa ( Casablanca ) Volubilis Mogador Rusadir Oualidia Zilil Gadir Sala Thymiaterium Rusibis Portugal Portus Hannibalis Portus Magonis (Portimão) Olissipona (Lisbon) Ossonoba (Faro) Balsa ( Tavira ) Spain Abdera ( Adra ) Abyla ( Ceuta ) Akra Leuka ( Alicante ) Gadir (Cadiz) Herna Iboshim ( Ibiza ) Mahón Malake ( Málaga ) Onoba Carthage (Cartagena) Rushadir ( Melilla ) Saguntum Sexi ( Almunecar ) Tagilit (Tíjola) Toscanos ( Velez ) Tyreche Syria Arwad Marat (Amrit) Balanaea (Baniyas) Carne Paltus Safita Shuksi Sumur Ugarit Tunisia Aspis (Kelibia) Bulla Regia Carthage Hadrumetum ( Sousse ) Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte) Kerkouane Lepcis ( Monastir ) Maqom Hadesh (Ounga) Meninx ( Djerba ) Ruspe Ruspina Sicca (El Kef) Tabarka Tayinat ( Thyna ) Thapsus Thysdrus ( El Djem ) Utica Other Myriandus Phoenicus Gibraltar Tahpanhes Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portus_Magnus&oldid=909892386 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

3630-534: The settlement of current-day Almería initially developed as a humble trading port of Pechina known as Al-Mariyya Bajjana. Pechina and its maritime port experienced divergent fortunes, and while the former progressively depopulated, the latter became the base of the Caliphal navy after 933, during the rule of Abd-ar-Rahman III . Furthermore, in 955, Abd-ar-Rahman III decided to erect the walls . A silk industry consisting of hundreds of looms and feeding itself from

3696-476: The south-eastern outskirts of the city (still inside the municipality of Almería) until the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park located east of the city. The BWh climate is present in the city of Almería, in nearby areas of Almería province (such as the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park , the Andarax / Almanzora river valleys), the only region in Europe to have this climate. This arid climatic region spreads along

3762-560: The summer. Due to its arid landscape, numerous Spaghetti Westerns were filmed in Almería and some of the sets still remain as a tourist attraction. These sets are located in the desert of Tabernas . The town and region were also used by David Lean in Lawrence of Arabia (1962), John Milius in The Wind and the Lion (1975) and others. One of Almería's most famous natural spots is

3828-583: The supply industry of the sector, represent almost 40% of Almería's GDP. Directly, agricultural production accounts for 18.2% of the provincial GDP. In Andalusia, the average contribution is 6.6% and in Spain it is only 2.9%. This situation is the result of a great dynamic model, which can continually incorporate new technologies: using soil sanding, plastic covers, drip irrigation systems, hybrid seeds, soil-less cultivation, irrigation programs, new greenhouse structures, and so on. They all allowed to improve production and increase commercialisation calendars, assuring

3894-474: The temple of Athena Lindia of Lindos on Rhodes attests the dedication of an ivory palladium as spoils from an undated victory of the Agrigentines over Minoa. The territory of Heraclea Minoa fell under Carthaginian control as a result of the treaty of 405 BC. but the absence of all mention of Heraclea suggests that either it did not then exist or must have been in a very reduced condition. It

3960-457: The walls, threshold slabs, stuccos, plasters, decorated cocciopesto floor and mosaic) filled the rooms on the ground floor during their collapse. The state of preservation of the walls is exceptional, not only of the lower stone part but also of the higher mud bricks. The walls were plastered and painted. The older settlement was overbuilt in the II-I c. BC by that identified with the repopulation of

4026-515: The watchtower". As the settlement was originally the port or coastal suburb of Pechina , it was initially known as Mariyyat al-Bajjāna ( Bajjāna being the Arabic name for Pechina). The origin of Almería is connected to the 9th-century establishment of the so-called Republic of Pechina (Bajjana) some kilometres to the north, which was for a time autonomous from the Cordobese central authority :

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4092-402: Was first established by his followers, after the death of Minos himself. Heraclides Ponticus adds that there was previously a native city on the spot, the name of which was Macara. No intimation is given by Diodorus of the names relating to the same spot. Archaeological finds from the necropolis show the city was founded in the mid-6th century BC. The first written mention of the city is of

4158-630: Was only briefly under the control of the Spartans and during the whole of the 5th c. BC it was under Akragan control and became very prosperous. However it was destroyed by the Carthaginians probably in 406 BC, through jealousy of its increasing power. When this took place is uncertain; it was probably in the 10th book of Diodorus, now lost. He makes no mention of any such event during the First Sicilian War (480 BC) when it might otherwise be supposed to have occurred. An inscription from

4224-504: Was promoted to La Liga , the top tier of Spanish football, in 2022, and CP Almería , which plays in the División de Honor , the sixth tier. The Plaza de toros de Almería is the main bullring in Almería. It has a capacity of 10,000 and it opened in 1882. Intensive agriculture has been the most important economic sector of Almería for the last 50 years. Nowadays, greenhouse's production, handling and commercialisation of vegetables, and

4290-462: Was still flourishing. Soon afterwards it must have fallen into decay, in common with most of the towns on the southern coast of Sicily. Archaeology shows that towards the end of the first century BC the city was abandoned. It is not mentioned by Pliny . However it is one of three south coastal Sicilian cities briefly mentioned by the 1st century AD Roman geographer Mela and also by the 2nd century AD Greek geographer Ptolemy . The latter author

4356-460: Was won back in 397 BC by Dionysius in his first Punic war, but recovered by Carthage in 383 BC. The next mention of it (under the name of Minoa), when Dion landed there in 357 BC when he attacked Syracuse , is as a small town in Agrigentine territory, but still subject to Carthage. Hence it is probable that the treaty between Dionysius and the Carthaginians which had fixed

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