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133-401: Patna Metro (Patna MRTS) is a rapid transit system being constructed in the city of Patna, India . Construction will be completed over five phases, and the transit system would be owned and operated by the state-run Patna Metro Rail Corporation. In the first phase, five stations of Patna Metro will be operational by March 2025. Patna MRTS, constructed under a public-private partnership model,

266-612: A political crisis that eventually saw Manjhi resign and Kumar become chief minister again. Later that year, the Mahagathbandhan won a large majority in the state elections . In 2017, Kumar broke with the RJD over corruption allegations and returned to the NDA, leading another coalition with the BJP; at the 2020 state elections his government was narrowly reelected. In August 2022, Kumar left

399-618: A Union Minister as the Samata Party member. He was member of the Samata Party until 2005 and Janata Dal from 1989 to 1994. Kumar first entered politics as a member of the Janata Dal , becoming an MLA in 1985. A socialist, Kumar founded the Samata Party in 1994 along with George Fernandes . In 1996 he was elected to the Lok Sabha , and served as a Union Minister in the government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee , with his party joining

532-496: A baseless party after the decision of Lalu Prasad Yadav to form Rashtriya Janata Dal in 1997. The second split took place prior to Rabri Devi assuming power which resulted in Janata Dal having only two leaders of any consequence in it, namely Sharad Yadav and Ram Vilas Paswan . Paswan was regarded as the rising leader of Dalits and had the credit of winning his elections with unprecedented margins. His popularity reached to

665-425: A body of water), which are potential congestion sites but also offer an opportunity for transfers between lines. Ring lines provide good coverage, connect between the radial lines and serve tangential trips that would otherwise need to cross the typically congested core of the network. A rough grid pattern can offer a wide variety of routes while still maintaining reasonable speed and frequency of service. A study of

798-402: A cable-hauled line using stationary steam engines . As of 2021 , China has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world  – 40 in number, running on over 4,500 km (2,800 mi) of track – and was responsible for most of the world's rapid-transit expansion in the 2010s. The world's longest single-operator rapid transit system by route length

931-454: A code for its stations. Unlike that of Singapore's MRT, it is mostly numbers. Based on the line number, for example Sinyongsan station, is coded as station 429. Being on Line 4, the first number of the station code is 4. The last two numbers are the station number on that line. Interchange stations can have multiple codes. Like City Hall station in Seoul which is served by Line 1 and Line 2. It has

1064-651: A code of 132 and 201 respectively. The Line 2 is a circle line and the first stop is City Hall, therefore, City Hall has the station code of 201. For lines without a number like Bundang line it will have an alphanumeric code. Lines without a number that are operated by KORAIL will start with the letter 'K'. With widespread use of the Internet and cell phones globally, transit operators now use these technologies to present information to their users. In addition to online maps and timetables, some transit operators now offer real-time information which allows passengers to know when

1197-541: A competition to design the logo of Patna Metro, inviting the public to take part, with prizes for the best submissions. On 29 March 2023, Japan committed ₹ 5,509 crore (US$ 660 million) for the Patna Metro Rail Project. On 7 April 2023, Chief Minister Nitish Kumar released the official logo of Patna Metro; launching the 2nd tunnel boring machine near Moin-ul-Haque stadium in Patna for construction of

1330-583: A conventional track is often provided in case of flat tires and for switching . There are also some rubber-tired systems that use a central guide rail , such as the Sapporo Municipal Subway and the NeoVal system in Rennes , France. Advocates of this system note that it is much quieter than conventional steel-wheeled trains, and allows for greater inclines given the increased traction of

1463-405: A dedicated right-of-way are typically used only outside dense areas, since they create a physical barrier in the urban fabric that hinders the flow of people and vehicles across their path and have a larger physical footprint. This method of construction is the cheapest as long as land values are low. It is often used for new systems in areas that are planned to fill up with buildings after the line

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1596-644: A degree in Electrical Engineering from Bihar College of Engineering (now NIT Patna ) in 1972. He joined the Bihar State Electricity Board , half-heartedly, and later moved into politics. He married Manju Kumari Sinha (1955–2007) on 22 February 1973 and the couple has one son. Manju Sinha died in New Delhi on 14 May 2007 due to pneumonia. Kumar belongs to a socialist class of politicians. During his early years as

1729-553: A judgement, in order to reform the entire operating system of jails. It included reducing the number of inmates to be included in a particular prison, a step, which was necessary to prevent the overcrowding. In order to break the link of the prisoners with the jail authorities, Kumar's government took step like periodically transferring the dreaded criminals, who were convicted in large number of criminal cases from one prison to more secure cells located in Bhagalpur and Beur . One of

1862-418: A large number of factors, including geographical barriers, existing or expected travel patterns, construction costs, politics, and historical constraints. A transit system is expected to serve an area of land with a set of lines , which consist of shapes summarized as "I", "L", "U", "S", and "O" shapes or loops. Geographical barriers may cause chokepoints where transit lines must converge (for example, to cross

1995-652: A large part of the network, for example, in outer suburbs, runs at ground level. In most of Britain , a subway is a pedestrian underpass . The terms Underground and Tube are used for the London Underground . The North East England Tyne and Wear Metro , mostly overground, is known as the Metro . In Scotland , the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway . In Ireland ,

2128-452: A line is obtained by multiplying the car capacity, the train length, and the service frequency . Heavy rapid transit trains might have six to twelve cars, while lighter systems may use four or fewer. Cars have a capacity of 100 to 150 passengers, varying with the seated to standing ratio  – more standing gives higher capacity. The minimum time interval between trains is shorter for rapid transit than for mainline railways owing to

2261-531: A main cricket stadium along with eight smaller stadiums. It contains a world class sports library and training academies. Soon after the inauguration by Kumar, Asian Hockey Federation announced that this state sports academy of Bihar will host the Asian Women's Hockey Championship of 2024. Nitish Kumar's government launched the Jeevika project also known as Bihar Rural Livelihood Project in 2006-07. This

2394-533: A massive increase in their representation in the three tier Panchayati Raj system. There were many representatives of the EBCs for the post of Mukhiya , Pramukhs of Panchayat Samiti as well as President of Zila Parishad . The membership of this social group in Panchyat Samiti and Zila Parishad also increased. Kumar's government also announced a scheme of 50% reservation in state judicial services, within this,

2527-461: A metro or monorail system in Patna by 2015. Metro rail was found more viable option for the city than monorail due to the load factor . The planning commission extended its technical support to the proposed metro project. On 11 June 2021, the Bihar cabinet approved the proposal to prepare a Detailed Project Report (DPR) for a metro service in Patna. Rail India Technical and Economic Service ( RITES )

2660-615: A metro. In Spain, such systems are present in Madrid , Barcelona , Bilbao and Valencia . In Portugal, Lisbon has a metro. The Italian cities of Catania , Genoa , Milan , Naples , Rome and Turin also have metro lines. In Germany and Austria they rapid transit is known as U-Bahn , which are often supported by S-Bahn systems. In Germany, U-Bahn systems exist in Berlin , Hamburg , Munich and Nuremberg , while in Austria such

2793-546: A minister. However, in his short stint as Railway Minister, he brought in widespread reforms, such as internet ticket booking facility in 2002, opening a record number of railway ticket booking counters and introducing the tatkal scheme for instant booking. Later that year, he rejoined the Union Cabinet as Minister for Agriculture. From 2001 to May 2004, he was – again – the Union Minister for Railways. In

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2926-588: A politician he was associated with Ram Manohar Lohia , S. N. Sinha , Karpuri Thakur , and V. P. Singh . Kumar participated in Jayaprakash Narayan 's movement between 1974 and 1977 and joined the Janata party headed by Satyendra Narain Sinha . Unlike Lalu Prasad Yadav , who is considered as a crowd puller, Kumar is considered as a deft communicator. Kumar fought and first time won his election to

3059-476: A project to promote EBC leaders within his party. In 2005, a less known leader from the Kahar caste, Chandeshwar Prasad grabbed his attention and Kumar promoted him by making the head of Extremely Backward Caste wing of his party. He was also given significant positions like those of membership of syndicate of Magadh University . At the behest of Nitish Kumar, National Democratic Alliance in 2019 projected Prasad as

3192-481: A proposal for a rapid public transportation system in Patna. In November 2011, Union Urban development minister Kamal Nath said that all cities with a population of more than two million people would get a metro corridor. Patna has a population of a little over two million, making it eligible for a metro service. The Bihar urban development department is the nodal agency for Patna Integrated Mass Rapid Transport System (PIMRTS). The Bihar government decided to launch either

3325-453: A rapid transit setting. Nitish Kumar Nitish Kumar (born 1 March 1951) is an Indian politician who has been serving as the 22nd chief minister of Bihar since 22 February 2015, having previously held the office from 2005 to 2014 and for a short period in 2000. He is Bihar's longest serving chief minister whilst also holding the post for his 9th term. He is the leader of the Janata Dal (United) . Previously, Kumar also served as

3458-565: A specialized transit police may be established. These security measures are normally integrated with measures to protect revenue by checking that passengers are not travelling without paying. Some subway systems, such as the Beijing Subway , which is ranked by Worldwide Rapid Transit Data as the "World's Safest Rapid Transit Network" in 2015, incorporates airport-style security checkpoints at every station. Rapid transit systems have been subject to terrorism with many casualties, such as

3591-608: A system exists in Vienna . In addition, the small, car-free town of Serfaus in the Austrian state of Tyrol also features a short U-Bahn line. There are no U-Bahn systems in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, but the city of Lausanne has its own, small metro system. In Zurich, Switzerland's largest city, a project for a U-Bahn network was stopped by a referendum in the 1970s and instead its S-Bahn system

3724-614: Is 18.75 kilometres (11.65 mi) long, and will be elevated along Bypass Road. The fourth phase is from Didarganj to Fatuha junction. Patna Metro will only have one depot, built at SH-1, Bairiya Chak in Sampatchak at Paijawa, near the Patliputra Bus Terminal . Both Corridor 1 and 2's depot will be the same. The depot facilities for Danapur-Mithapur-Khemni Chak of the Corridor I and Patna railway station-New ISBT of

3857-801: Is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area . Rapid transit systems such as the Washington Metrorail , Los Angeles Metro Rail , the Miami Metrorail , and the Montreal Metro are generally called the Metro . In Philadelphia , the term "El" is used for the Market–Frankford Line which runs mostly on an elevated track, while the term "subway" applies to the Broad Street Line which is almost entirely underground. Chicago 's commuter rail system that serves

3990-608: Is a single corporate image for the entire transit authority, but the rapid transit uses its own logo that fits into the profile. A transit map is a topological map or schematic diagram used to show the routes and stations in a public transport system. The main components are color-coded lines to indicate each line or service, with named icons to indicate stations. Maps may show only rapid transit or also include other modes of public transport. Transit maps can be found in transit vehicles, on platforms , elsewhere in stations, and in printed timetables . Maps help users understand

4123-506: Is built. Most rapid transit trains are electric multiple units with lengths from three to over ten cars. Crew sizes have decreased throughout history, with some modern systems now running completely unstaffed trains. Other trains continue to have drivers, even if their only role in normal operation is to open and close the doors of the trains at stations. Power is commonly delivered by a third rail or by overhead wires . The whole London Underground network uses fourth rail and others use

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4256-456: Is estimated to cost ₹ 13,365.77 crore (US$ 1.6 billion). This cost excludes land acquisition cost, which will be paid for by the Bihar government. The first phase (consisting of the east–west and north–south corridors) will include both a 15.36 km (9.54 mi) elevated track and a 16.30 km (10.13 mi) underground track. In January 2022, Larsen & Toubro (L&T) secured

4389-416: Is necessary, rolling stock with a smaller loading gauge from one sub network may be transported along other lines that use larger trains. On some networks such operations are part of normal services. Most rapid transit systems use conventional standard gauge railway track . Since tracks in subway tunnels are not exposed to rain , snow , or other forms of precipitation , they are often fixed directly to

4522-413: Is of Rashtriya Janata Dal Member of Bihar Legislative Council , Ritlal Yadav , who had numerous cases of extortion and murder against him. D.N Gautam, who served as Director General of Bihar Police , stated in his autobiography that Nitish Kumar was instrumental in improving the law and order situation in the state of Bihar. Gautam compared the tenures of Kumar's predecessors and has mentioned that in

4655-410: Is planned for catering to the power supply requirement of the depot. The work is likely to be completed by 2027. The estimated cost of building the depot is ₹143 crore ($ 19.17 million). The government of Bihar has acquired 76 acres (30.5 ha) at Bairiya Chak. Of this land, 47.4 acres (19.2 ha) are proposed for metro rail depot; the remaining areas are for property development. Land acquisition started for

4788-555: Is referred to simply as "the subway", despite 40% of the system running above ground. The term "L" or "El" is not used for elevated lines in general as the lines in the system are already designated with letters and numbers. The "L" train or L (New York City Subway service) refers specifically to the 14th Street–Canarsie Local line, and not other elevated trains. Similarly, the Toronto Subway is referred to as "the subway", with some of its system also running above ground. These are

4921-412: Is serviced by at least one specific route with trains stopping at all or some of the line's stations. Most systems operate several routes, and distinguish them by colors, names, numbering, or a combination thereof. Some lines may share track with each other for a portion of their route or operate solely on their own right-of-way. Often a line running through the city center forks into two or more branches in

5054-741: Is the Shanghai Metro . The world's largest single rapid transit service provider by number of stations (472 stations in total) is the New York City Subway . The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Shanghai Metro, Tokyo subway system , Seoul Metro and the Moscow Metro . The term Metro is the most commonly used term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. Rapid transit systems may be named after

5187-543: The 2000 assembly elections alone. The RJD had to be satisfied with the communist parties as coalition partners but the seat-sharing conundrum in the camp of National Democratic Alliance made Kumar pull his Samta Party out of the Sharad Yadav and Ram Vilas Paswan faction of the Janata Dal. Differences also arose between the BJP and Kumar as the latter wanted to be projected as the Chief Minister of Bihar but

5320-466: The Bihar Police at low budgetry expense. These commandos were better than the police constables recruited by the state, in order to deal with the extremists. They just needed special category of weapons, which was provided by the state under Kumar. The retired intelligence officers were also recruited to form an investigation department, called "Special Vigilance Unit" (SVU). This body dealt with

5453-627: The Dublin Area Rapid Transit is despite the name considered a commuter rail due to usage of mainline railways. In France, large cities, such as Paris , Marseille and Lyon , feature a Métro . Also the smaller cities of Lille Rennes have a light metro. Furthermore, Brussels in Belgium, and Amsterdam and Rotterdam in the Netherlands have metro systems in place. Several Southern European contries also have

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5586-470: The Governor of Bihar , a day after his party fared poorly in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections , winning just 2 seats against 20 seats in the previous election. Kumar resigned, taking the moral responsibility of his party's poor performance in the election, and Jitan Ram Manjhi took over. Nitish served a fourth term for a brief period of time in 2015. Kumar again became Chief Minister on 22 February 2015, on

5719-752: The Hudson and Manhattan Railroad K-series cars from 1958, the New York City Subway R38 and R42 cars from the late-1960s, and the Nagoya Municipal Subway 3000 series , Osaka Municipal Subway 10 series and MTR M-Train EMUs from the 1970s, were generally only made possible largely due to the relatively generous loading gauges of these systems and also adequate open-air sections to dissipate hot air from these air conditioning units. Especially in some rapid transit systems such as

5852-740: The Metropolitan Railway opened publicly in London in 1863. High capacity monorails with larger and longer trains can be classified as rapid transit systems. Such monorail systems recently started operating in Chongqing and São Paulo . Light metro is a subclass of rapid transit that has the speed and grade separation of a "full metro" but is designed for smaller passenger numbers. It often has smaller loading gauges, lighter train cars and smaller consists of typically two to four cars. Light metros are typically used as feeder lines into

5985-578: The Montreal Metro (opened 1966) and Sapporo Municipal Subway (opened 1971), their entirely enclosed nature due to their use of rubber-tyred technology to cope with heavy snowfall experienced by both cities in winter precludes any air-conditioning retrofits of rolling stock due to the risk of heating the tunnels to temperatures that would be too hot for passengers and for train operations. In many cities, metro networks consist of lines operating different sizes and types of vehicles. Although these sub-networks may not often be connected by track, in cases when it

6118-634: The National Democratic Alliance . In 2003 his party merged into the Janata Dal (United), and Kumar became its leader. In 2005 , the NDA won a majority in the Bihar Legislative Assembly , and Kumar became chief minister heading a coalition with the Bharatiya Janata Party . In the 2010 state elections , the governing coalition won re-election in a landslide . In June 2013, Kumar broke with

6251-529: The Prague Metro . The London Underground and Paris Métro are densely built systems with a matrix of crisscrossing lines throughout the cities. The Chicago 'L' has most of its lines converging on The Loop , the main business, financial, and cultural area. Some systems have a circular line around the city center connecting to radially arranged outward lines, such as the Moscow Metro 's Koltsevaya Line and Beijing Subway 's Line 10 . The capacity of

6384-685: The Singapore MRT , Changi Airport MRT station has the alphanumeric code CG2, indicating its position as the 2nd station on the Changi Airport branch of the East West Line. Interchange stations have at least two codes, for example, Raffles Place MRT station has two codes, NS26 and EW14, the 26th station on the North South Line and the 14th station on the East West Line. The Seoul Metro is another example that utilizes

6517-450: The deep tube lines . Historically, rapid transit trains used ceiling fans and openable windows to provide fresh air and piston-effect wind cooling to riders. From the 1950s to the 1990s (and in most of Europe until the 2000s), many rapid transit trains from that era were also fitted with forced-air ventilation systems in carriage ceiling units for passenger comfort. Early rapid transit rolling stock fitted with air conditioning , such as

6650-409: The linear motor for propulsion. Some urban rail lines are built to a loading gauge as large as that of main-line railways ; others are built to a smaller one and have tunnels that restrict the size and sometimes the shape of the train compartments. One example is most of the London Underground , which has acquired the informal term "tube train" due to the cylindrical shape of the trains used on

6783-432: The 15 world largest subway systems suggested a universal shape composed of a dense core with branches radiating from it. Rapid transit operators have often built up strong brands , often focused on easy recognition – to allow quick identification even in the vast array of signage found in large cities – combined with the desire to communicate speed, safety, and authority. In many cities, there

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6916-586: The 1980s, politicians used to come out in support of criminals openly. When Gautam was serving as Rohtas SP and Shahabad Range DIG, he mentions that at least six Members of Bihar Legislative Assembly had extended patronage to dreaded dacoit gangs of Kaimur hills , and they were strictly opposed to any sort of police action against dacoit Ramchandra Koeri, who operated out of Kaimur hills in Rohtas district . Gautam also mentions that though Kumar had kept his proposal of creation of 'Anti Terrorist Squad' in abeyance, after

7049-488: The 1995 Tokyo subway sarin gas attack and the 2005 " 7/7 " terrorist bombings on the London Underground. Some rapid transport trains have extra features such as wall sockets, cellular reception, typically using a leaky feeder in tunnels and DAS antennas in stations, as well as Wi-Fi connectivity. The first metro system in the world to enable full mobile phone reception in underground stations and tunnels

7182-437: The 1998 Parliamentary elections, the Samata Party and Janata Dal, which was in a much weaker position after the formation of RJD ended up eating each other's vote base. This made Kumar merge both the parties to form Janata Dal (United) . In 1999 Lok Sabha elections Rashtriya Janata Dal received a setback at the hand of BJP + JD(U) combine. The new coalition emerged leading in 199 out of 324 assembly constituencies and it

7315-408: The 2004 Lok Sabha elections, he contested elections from two places, when he was elected from Nalanda but lost from his traditional constituency, Barh . One of the biggest challenge before Kumar after becoming Chief Minister , during his first term, was deteriorated law and order situation of the state. There were many organised criminal gangs active in the state and kidnapping was considered as

7448-532: The 21st century, most new expansions and systems are located in Asia, with China becoming the world's leader in metro expansion, operating some of the largest and busiest systems while possessing almost 60 cities that are operating, constructing or planning a rapid transit system . Rapid transit is used for local transport in cities , agglomerations , and metropolitan areas to transport large numbers of people often short distances at high frequency . The extent of

7581-568: The 7.94 km (4.93 mi) section of Corridor 2 will be underground; a ramp is to be constructed before the Rajendra Nagar metro station . A total of seven stations will be underground for Corridor 2; an underground interchange to be built at the Patna Junction station. The total length of Corridor 2 will be 14.05 km, with a total of twelve stations. For the 8 km underground section of Corridor 2, Larsen & Toubro won

7714-478: The Assembly election by a margin of 178 over the BJP and its allies, with RJD emerging as the largest party with 80 seats and JD(U) placed second with 71. Kumar was sworn in as Chief Minister on 20 November 2015 for a record fifth time and Tejashwi Yadav became Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar . Kumar's campaign was managed by Prashant Kishor 's Indian Political Action Committee (I-PAC) who were hired to manage

7847-747: The BJP after Narendra Modi was named as their candidate for prime minister, and formed the Mahagathbandhan , a coalition with the Rashtriya Janata Dal and Indian National Congress and joined in United Progressive Alliance . On 17 May 2014, Kumar resigned as chief minister after the party suffered severe losses in the 2014 Indian general election , and was replaced by Jitan Ram Manjhi . However, he attempted to return as chief minister in February 2015, sparking

7980-632: The Bodhgaya blasts, it was established expeditiously. Kumar had dual challenge of keeping his core political base of Koeris , Kurmis and Extremely Backward Castes together with a section of upper castes. The National Democratic Alliance , of which Kumar's party was a part, was relying upon the support of a section of upper caste. The share of this section in the political power structure was making it difficult for Kumar to carry on his program of social justice , specially with respect to consolidation of 'Extremely Backward Castes' (EBC). This group comprised

8113-471: The Corridor II are proposed to be constructed near SH-1, Bairiya Chak in Sampatchak, Paijawa. The depot will have two workshop bays, three inspection bays, eight stabling bays, which can accommodate 32 three-coach trains and an auto-coach washing plan. The administrative area will consist of an auditorium, training school, canteen and operational control centre. An auxiliary sub-station of 2500 KVA capacity

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8246-525: The DPR by February 2014. RITES's work on the project includes identifying the mass transit corridors on the basis of a traffic-demand study, a topographic survey and a soil survey. The project is expected to be built and operated on a Public Private Partnership model. The cost of Phase 1 is estimated to be ₹ 13,411.24 crore. In June 2004, the project received the green light. The Patna Metro Train Corporation

8379-534: The EBCs were given 21% share as against the Other Backward Class, which was given 12% share. The Schedule Castes were also given 16% share of this 50% reservation pie. The step was intended to bring more and more candidates from these social groups in lower judiciary. In order to strengthen his outreach and acceptability among the members of Extremely Backward Castes, and to expand his voter base beyond his traditional vote bank, Nitish Kumar embarked on

8512-659: The Grand Alliance. He joined the principal opposition, the NDA , and came back to power within a few hours. Capitalising on his 15 years consecutive terms as Chief Minister, Kumar highlighted various achievements and developments and listed various schemes carried out by his government and finally managed to get over a tightly contested election. NDA managed to get majority in Legislature Assembly by winning 125 seats as compared to Mahagathbandhan's 110 seats. He

8645-436: The NDA, announcing that his party had rejoined the Mahagathbandhan, and would form a governing coalition with the RJD and INC. On 9 August 2022, Kumar broke the alliance with the BJP and resigned as chief minister and revoked his party from the NDA, announcing that his party had rejoined the Mahagathbandhan , comprising RJD , INC , CPI and other independents, and would form a governing coalition. On 10 August he sworn in as

8778-475: The NDA, rejoining the Mahagathbandhan (Grand Alliance) and UPA. In January 2024, Kumar left the Mahagathbandhan once again and rejoined the NDA. Kumar was born on 1 March 1951 in Bakhtiarpur , Bihar. His father, Kaviraj Ram Lakhan Singh, was an ayurvedic practitioner ; his mother Parmeshwari Devi was from Nepal . Nitish belongs to Kurmi agricultural caste. His nickname is 'Munna'. He has earned

8911-493: The average Bihari. In March 2000, Nitish was elected Chief Minister of Bihar for the first time at the behest of the Vajpayee Government in the centre, as Samata Party member. NDA and allies had 151 MLAs whereas Lalu Prasad Yadav had 159 MLAs in the 324 member house. Both alliances were less than the majority mark that is 163. Nitish resigned before he could prove his numbers in the house. He lasted 7 days in

9044-401: The backdrop of upcoming 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election , considered to be his toughest election to date. His JD(U), along with RJD and Congress, formed the Mahagathbandhan (Grand Alliance) to counter the BJP in Bihar. Kumar campaigned aggressively during the elections for the Grand Alliance, countering the allegations raised by Narendra Modi and the BJP. The Grand Alliance won

9177-478: The beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant. Experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. In 1890, the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Prior to opening, the line was to be called the "City and South London Subway", thus introducing

9310-620: The bid to build bored twin tunnels, the ramp at Rajendra Nagar and six underground stations. The underground construction for Corridor 2 is expected to cost ₹1,958 crore ($ 26.25 million) and completed over three-and-a-half years. This was the last civil package awarded for Line 2 after package one for the elevated section of Line 2. The second phase, between Bypass Chowk Mithapur to Didarganj via Transport Nagar, along NH 30 Bypass for 16.75 kilometres (10.41 mi); it will be elevated along Bypass Road. The third phase, between Bypass Chowk Mithapur to Phulwari Shariff AIIMS via Anisabad along NH 30 Bypass

9443-588: The biggest criminal activity. Besides this, the challenge of left wing extremism in some of the backward areas of the state was also persisting for a long time. Kumar brought the Arms Act , and special courts were set up to expedite the process of conviction of those held under this act. Bringing of the Arms Act and stringent implementation brought two way benefits for the Government; first, it became easy for

9576-635: The campaign for JD(U). I-PAC designed the campaign strategy which included reaching out to a larger set of voters through innovative campaigns, including sending hundreds of branded cycles for outreach, Har Ghar Dastak (door-to-door outreach) and the DNA campaign. When corruption charges were levelled against Tejashwi Yadav , the Deputy Chief Minister, Kumar asked for him to resign from the cabinet. The Rashtriya Janata Dal refused to do so, and therefore Kumar resigned on 26 July 2017, thus ending

9709-479: The candidate for Indian General Elections from Jahanabad Lok Sabha constituency , which was believed to be a Bhumihar caste dominated constituency. But, with the backing of Janata Dal United, Prasad as a NDA candidate was able to defeat Rashtriya Janata Dal leader Surendra Prasad Yadav . This was first instance in the history of constituency that an Extremely Backward Caste leader was elected from an upper caste dominated constituency. Prior to 2024 Lok Sabha polls, on

9842-554: The casting yard will start functioning. Rapid transit Modern services on rapid transit systems are provided on designated lines between stations typically using electric multiple units on railway tracks . Some systems use guided rubber tires , magnetic levitation ( maglev ), or monorail . The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains, requiring custom-made trains in order to minimize gaps between train and platform. They are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by

9975-570: The chief minister of the state for the eighth time in 22 years. Bihar caste-based survey 2023 started in his sixth term. During this term, in January – February 2023, Kumar initiated his Samadhan Yatra, an outreach campaign, through which he visited various localities of the thirty eight districts of the state of Bihar. The primary motive behind these visits was overseeing the status of various state government developmental schemes and expediting their implementation on ground. During these visits, he

10108-498: The creation of a second interchange at Khemni Chowk, the elimination of Line-1's depot at Aitwarpur and the addition of two new stations at Ramkrishna Nagar and Jaganpura. An agreement was signed between Patna Metro and Japan International Cooperation Agency for a loan of ₹ 5,520.93 crore (US$ 660 million), which was 60% of the cost of the project. The corridors have 24 metro stations together, as well as Patna station and Khemnichak interchange station. In July 2021, PMRC organized

10241-554: The depot and will be completed within a few months. KEC International won the bid to install standard-gauge ballasted tracks inside the depot. The construction contract of the New ISBT depot was awarded to Quality Buildcon in December 2020. An earth road was under construction in late 2022 to ease material transport between Fatuha casting yard (NCC Limited Casting Yard) and metro ISBT depot. Following road construction, batching plant at

10374-511: The direction of Nitish Kumar, JDU state president Umesh Singh Kushwaha also launched Bheem Samvad , Karpoori Charcha and Bhaichara Yatra (campaigns) to mobilize Dalits , Extremely Backward Castes and Muslims . On 29 August 2024, Kumar inaugurated Rajgir Sports Complex and Cricket stadium, which was built in his tenure with the overall funding of ₹ 750 crore. Kumar was joined by Deputy Chief Minister Samrat Chaudhary and Building Construction minister Jayant Raj Kushwaha . The sport complex

10507-414: The display of the transit network. Often this has the effect of compressing the distance between stations in the outer area of the system, and expanding distances between those close to the center. Some systems assign unique alphanumeric codes to each of their stations to help commuters identify them, which briefly encodes information about the line it is on, and its position on the line. For example, on

10640-486: The end of 2010 from 1609 in 2006. According to one opinion, the massive decline was a result of fleeing of many criminals from the state, in order to seek refuse in the terai region of Nepal as well as eschewing of crime by others to become good samaritans . Kumar's government also took step to empower the District Magistrate to apprehend the officials taking bribe in order to reduce corruption. One of

10773-611: The entire metropolitan area is called Metra (short for Met ropolitan Ra il), while its rapid transit system that serves the city is called the "L" . Boston's subway system is known locally as "The T". In Atlanta , the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority goes by the acronym "MARTA." In the San Francisco Bay Area , residents refer to Bay Area Rapid Transit by its acronym "BART". The New York City Subway

10906-661: The extremely backward castes unleashed by him resulted in JD(U) and BJP led coalition to defeat his party in 2005 Bihar Assembly elections . Nitish was briefly, the Union Minister for Railways and Minister for Surface Transport and later, the Minister for Agriculture in 1998–99, in the NDA government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee . In August 1999, he resigned following the Gaisal train disaster , for which he took responsibility as

11039-516: The floor rather than resting on ballast , such as normal railway tracks. An alternate technology, using rubber tires on narrow concrete or steel roll ways , was pioneered on certain lines of the Paris Métro and Mexico City Metro , and the first completely new system to use it was in Montreal , Canada. On most of these networks, additional horizontal wheels are required for guidance, and

11172-436: The former was not in favour. Even Paswan also wanted to be a CM face. The Muslims and OBCs were too divided in their opinion. A section of Muslims, which included the poor communities like Pasmanda were of the view that Yadav only strengthened upper Muslims like Shaikh, Sayyid and Pathans and they were in search of new options. Yadav also alienated other dominant backward castes like Koeri and Kurmi since his projection as

11305-408: The implementation of the scheme by the Bihar government. Kumar is a member of the Janata Dal (United) political party. As the chief minister, he appointed more than 100,000 school teachers, ensured that doctors worked in primary health centres, electrified many villages, paved roads, cut female illiteracy by half, turned around a lawless state by cracking down on criminals and doubled the income of

11438-439: The interconnections between different parts of the system; for example, they show the interchange stations where passengers can transfer between lines. Unlike conventional maps, transit maps are usually not geographically accurate, but emphasize the topological connections among the different stations. The graphic presentation may use straight lines and fixed angles, and often a fixed minimum distance between stations, to simplify

11571-602: The lines of the Lyon Metro includes a section of rack (cog) railway , while the Carmelit , in Haifa, is an underground funicular . For elevated lines, another alternative is the monorail , which can be built either as straddle-beam monorails or as a suspended monorail . While monorails have never gained wide acceptance outside Japan, there are some such as Chongqing Rail Transit 's monorail lines which are widely used in

11704-659: The lower backwards– the castes other than the Koeri, Kurmi, Yadav and Bania. Kumar's government brought the idea of 50% reservation for the women in the Panchayati Raj institutions at all level. This plan also included 20% reservation in these bodies for the members of Extremely Backward Castes. These quotas, which were given separately to already existing quotas for Schedule Castes and Schedule Tribes in local bodies, led to political consolidation of Extremely Backward Castes. The reservation to this section of society brought

11837-412: The lower-caste jester. He argued that corruption charges against him and his family were the conspiracy of the upper-caste bureaucracy and media elites threatened by the rise of peasant cultivator castes. In 2004 General elections , Lalu's RJD had outperformed other state-based parties by winning 26 Lok Sabha seats in Bihar. He was awarded the post of Union Railway minister but the rising aspirations of

11970-557: The main rapid transit system. For instance, the Wenhu Line of the Taipei Metro serves many relatively sparse neighbourhoods and feeds into and complements the high capacity metro lines. Some systems have been built from scratch, others are reclaimed from former commuter rail or suburban tramway systems that have been upgraded, and often supplemented with an underground or elevated downtown section. Ground-level alignments with

12103-498: The major problem of the prison system of Bihar was laxity available to criminals to operate cell phones from the jail. Many a times, organised crime were planned from within the premise of Bihar's prison. The government took step to fix Mobile phone jammers in jails, to prohibit the gangsters from operating cell phones. Bihar also actively enforced the All India Prison reforms program, outlined by Supreme Court of India in

12236-600: The medium by which passengers travel in busy central business districts ; the use of tunnels inspires names such as subway , underground , Untergrundbahn ( U-Bahn ) in German, or the Tunnelbana (T-bana) in Swedish. The use of viaducts inspires names such as elevated ( L or el ), skytrain , overhead , overground or Hochbahn in German. One of these terms may apply to an entire system, even if

12369-499: The national level when he was awarded the post of Minister of Railways in the United Front government in 1996 and was subsequently made the leader of Lok Sabha. His outreach was witnessed in the western Uttar Pradesh too, when his followers organised an impressive rally at the behest of a newly floated organisation called Dalit Panthers . Sharad Yadav was also a veteran socialist leader but without any massive support base. In

12502-418: The network map "readable" by illiterate people, this system has since become an "icon" of the system. Compared to other modes of transport, rapid transit has a good safety record, with few accidents. Rail transport is subject to strict safety regulations , with requirements for procedure and maintenance to minimize risk. Head-on collisions are rare due to use of double track, and low operating speeds reduce

12635-431: The network's electrification, cabling and substation work. NCC Limited and IB Infrastructure started piling and pier work for the 6.107 section of Corridor 2. Within this section, five elevated stations will be built between Malahi Pakri and New ISBT. 308 U-girders are constructed in the priority corridor comprising five metro stations: Malahi Pakri, Khemnichak, Bhootnath, Zero Mile and Patliputra Bus Terminal. The rest of

12768-402: The next vehicle will arrive, and expected travel times. The standardized GTFS data format for transit information allows many third-party software developers to produce web and smartphone app programs which give passengers customized updates regarding specific transit lines and stations of interest. Mexico City Metro uses a unique pictogram for each station. Originally intended to help make

12901-958: The occurrence and severity of rear-end collisions and derailments . Fire is more of a danger underground, such as the King's Cross fire in London in November 1987, which killed 31 people. Systems are generally built to allow evacuation of trains at many places throughout the system. High platforms , usually over 1 meter / 3 feet, are a safety risk, as people falling onto the tracks have trouble climbing back. Platform screen doors are used on some systems to eliminate this danger. Rapid transit facilities are public spaces and may suffer from security problems: petty crimes , such as pickpocketing and baggage theft, and more serious violent crimes , as well as sexual assaults on tightly packed trains and platforms. Security measures include video surveillance , security guards , and conductors . In some countries

13034-403: The offences at the level of high level government officials. For acquisition of property of the accused during trial, Bihar Special Court Act 2009 was brought, which became effective since 2010. The SVU remained a successful idea in dealing with corruption at the higher level of bureaucracy . One of the first case before it was the trial of former Director General of Police , Narayan Mishra, who

13167-603: The only two North American systems that are primarily called "subways". In most of Southeast Asia and in Taiwan , rapid transit systems are primarily known by the acronym MRT . The meaning varies from one country to another. In Indonesia , the acronym stands for Moda Raya Terpadu or Integrated Mass [Transit] Mode in English. In the Philippines , it stands for Metro Rail Transit . Two underground lines use

13300-561: The order from metro operator Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) for the design and construction of the Corridor-2 of Phase-1 of Patna Metro. L&T classifies this contract, worth ₹ 1,989 crore (US$ 240 million), as a significant order. The major scope of work for the project comprises six underground metro stations: Rajendra Nagar , Moin-Ul-Haq Stadium , Patna Science College , Patna Medical College and Hospital , Gandhi Maidan and Akashvani of Corridor-2. Rising traffic led to

13433-587: The outset. Budapest , Chicago , Glasgow , Boston and New York City all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services. Hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro , which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems. In response to cost, engineering considerations and topological challenges some cities have opted to construct tram systems, particularly those in Australia, where density in cities

13566-497: The police to arrest a criminal and second, the use of lethal weapons became prohibited. Kumar also recruited the retired army officials and soldiers to create a special wing of Police called Special Auxiliary Police (SAP), in order to deal with the Maoist challenge in the state. It brought some kind of economic engagement for the retired military personnels, and at the same time, made available professionally trained commandos for

13699-578: The post. After victory in 2005 Bihar Assembly elections , Kumar a leader of OBC Kurmi caste was sworn in as the chief minister. During Lalu's time, backward caste candidates came to dominate the Bihar assembly claiming half of the seats in it and it was the aspiration of this powerful social community that led to friction among the united backwards, leading to the rise of Kumar who made both social justice and development as his political theme. Kumar's government also initiated bicycle and meal programs. Giving bicycles to girls who stayed in school resulted in

13832-908: The rapid transit system varies greatly between cities, with several transport strategies. Some systems may extend only to the limits of the inner city, or to its inner ring of suburbs with trains making frequent station stops. The outer suburbs may then be reached by a separate commuter rail network where more widely spaced stations allow higher speeds. In some cases the differences between urban rapid transit and suburban systems are not clear. Rapid transit systems may be supplemented by other systems such as trolleybuses , regular buses , trams , or commuter rail. This combination of transit modes serves to offset certain limitations of rapid transit such as limited stops and long walking distances between outside access points. Bus or tram feeder systems transport people to rapid transit stops. Each rapid transit system consists of one or more lines , or circuits. Each line

13965-542: The rubber tires. However, they have higher maintenance costs and are less energy efficient. They also lose traction when weather conditions are wet or icy, preventing above-ground use of the Montréal Metro and limiting it on the Sapporo Municipal Subway, but not rubber-tired systems in other cities. Some cities with steep hills incorporate mountain railway technologies in their metros. One of

14098-451: The same public transport authorities . Some rapid transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. The world's first rapid transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened in 1863 using steam locomotives , and now forms part of the London Underground . In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway , initially

14231-589: The saviour of Muslims. It is argued by Sanjay Kumar that the belief that, "the dominant OBCs like the twin caste of Koeri-Kurmi will ask for share in power if he seeks their support while the Muslims will remain satisfied with the protection during communal riots only" made Yadav neglect them. Moreover, the divisions in both the camps made the political atmosphere in the state a charged one in which many parties were fighting against each other with no visible frontiers. JD(U) and BJP were fighting against each other on some of

14364-492: The seats and so was the Samta Party. The result was a setback for the BJP, which in media campaigns was emerging with a massive victory. RJD emerged as the single largest party and with the political manoeuvring of Lalu Yadav, Rabri Devi was sworn in as the Chief Minister again. The media largely failed to gauge the ground level polarisation in Bihar. According to Sanjay Kumar: There can be no doubt about one thing that

14497-413: The significant example of this include, the transfer of Ajay Kanu, a naxalite , who was prime accused in " 2005 Jahanabad Jail Break case ", to Beur Jail. In 2022, gangsters like Rakesh Mahto , who was leader of crime syndicate being organised from Muzaffarpur , was also transferred from Muzaffarpur to Bhagalpur Jail, in a high security Prison cell . Other example, which is part of this routine procedure

14630-496: The state assembly from Harnaut in 1985. In the initial years, Lalu Prasad Yadav was backed by Kumar as leader of the opposition in Bihar Assembly in the year 1989 but Kumar later switched his loyalty to BJP in 1996, after winning his first Lok Sabha seat from Barh . The Janata Dal had survived the splits in past when leaders like Kumar and George Fernandes defected to form the Samata Party in 1994, but it remained

14763-519: The state getting a huge number of girls into schools and a reduction in school dropout rates. In 2010 , Kumar's party swept back to power along with its then allies, the Bharatiya Janata Party , and he again became Chief Minister. The alliance won 206 seats, while the RJD won 22. For the first time, electorates witnessed high turnout of women and young voters, while this was declared as the fairest election in Bihar, with no bloodshed or poll violence. On 17 May 2014, Kumar submitted his resignation to

14896-804: The stretch on Corridor I is underground due to Rupaspur railway overbridge (RoB) and Jagdeopath-Sheikhpura Mor flyover. Patna Metro alignment will be 20 m (65 ft 7 in) beneath Bailey Road on Corridor I. The second elevated section will be 4 km (2.49 mi), between the Mithapur ramp and Khemni Chak station, an interchange of the Patna Junction Railway Station and the New ISBT Line 2. The 8 km (4.97 mi) underground section of Line 1, stretching from Rukanpura station to Patna Junction station, has not been awarded yet. KEC International will be in charge of

15029-663: The suburbs, allowing a higher service frequency in the center. This arrangement is used by many systems, such as the Copenhagen Metro , the Milan Metro , the Oslo Metro , the Istanbul Metro and the New York City Subway . Alternatively, there may be a single central terminal (often shared with the central railway station), or multiple interchange stations between lines in the city center, for instance in

15162-714: The term subway . In Thailand , it stands for Metropolitan Rapid Transit , previously using the Mass Rapid Transit name. Outside of Southeast Asia, Kaohsiung and Taoyuan, Taiwan , have their own MRT systems which stands for Mass Rapid Transit , as with Singapore and Malaysia . In general rapid transit is a synonym for "metro" type transit, though sometimes rapid transit is defined to include "metro", commuter trains and grade separated light rail . Also high-capacity bus-based transit systems can have features similar to "metro" systems. The opening of London's steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked

15295-530: The term Subway into railway terminology. Both railways, alongside others, were eventually merged into London Underground . The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset. The technology quickly spread to other cities in Europe , the United States, Argentina, and Canada, with some railways being converted from steam and others being designed to be electric from

15428-566: The underground section of the project. YFC Projects, a construction company based in Gurgaon, India , won the contract to build the 8 km (4.97 mi) elevated section of Corridor 1. The first elevated section, 4 km (2.49 mi) from Danapur Cantonment station to Patliputra ramp (formerly IAS Colony), will comprise 4 stations. The first corridor will start from near Kendriya Vidyalaya Danapur Cantt and will be elevated till near Gola Road before Patna Canal (Rupaspur Canal). The majority of

15561-437: The upper-caste media was always anti-Lalu and it was either not aware of the ground level polarisation in Bihar, or deliberately ignored it. If the election result did not appear as a setback for RJD, it was largely because of the bleak picture painted by the media. Against this background, RJD's defeat had appeared like a victory. Even after serving imprisonment in connection with the 1997 scam, Lalu seemed to relish his role as

15694-601: The use of communications-based train control : the minimum headway can reach 90 seconds, but many systems typically use 120 seconds to allow for recovery from delays. Typical capacity lines allow 1,200 people per train, giving 36,000 passengers per hour per direction . However, much higher capacities are attained in East Asia with ranges of 75,000 to 85,000 people per hour achieved by MTR Corporation 's urban lines in Hong Kong. Rapid transit topologies are determined by

15827-559: Was Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, which launched its first underground mobile phone network using AMPS in 1989. Many metro systems, such as the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) and the Berlin U-Bahn, provide mobile data connections in their tunnels for various network operators. The technology used for public, mass rapid transit has undergone significant changes in the years since

15960-653: Was accompanied by his deputy Tejaswi Yadav and occasionally his cabinet ministers, when required. On 8 November 2023, the Bihar Assembly adjourned amidst protests by the opposition BJP demanding the resignation of Chief Minister Nitish Kumar following his controversial remarks about women's education and population control. Kumar expressed regret for any offense his comments may have caused. Prime Minister Narendra Modi criticized Kumar, accusing him of having no shame and insulting women, without directly naming him. Kumar apologized, retracting his statements and reaffirming his support for women's education and empowerment. A complaint

16093-402: Was also filed against Kumar for his remarks, with a hearing set for 25 November 2023. Meanwhile, women's organizations condemned the remarks, and the former Chief Minister of Bihar, Rabri Devi , defended Kumar, suggesting the comments were a slip of the tongue. On 28 January 2024, Kumar resigned as chief minister and rejoined NDA. On 28 January, Kumar resigned as the chief minister and broke

16226-500: Was built on 90 acre of land and contained the facilities for more than 23 sports. This was built to realise the vision of Kumar to create a suitable environment for the sport persons of the state to have proper training environment, in order to enhance their performance in the international gaming events. The complex was thus built with world class sporting infrastructure and technology. It was only in 2007 that Kumar announced that Rajgir will get its own sport stadium. The complex contains

16359-478: Was deciding factor in selecting the constables. This system was prone to corruption and favoritism . The push to the speedy trial under Kumar's government brought results within a short period of time, and in 2006 itself, a total of 6,839 offenders were convicted. There witnessed a massive drop in cases registered under the Arms act in the forthcoming terms of Kumar as the Chief Minister. It declined to just 495 by

16492-899: Was developed further. Other Central European countries also have metro lines, for example in the cities of Budapest (Hungary), Prague (Czech Republic) and Warsaw (Poland). In Eastern Europe , metro systems are in operation in Minsk (Belarus), Kyiv (Ukraine), Riga (Latvia), Vilnius (Lithuania) and Moscow (Russia). In Southeastern European countries, there are metro systems in Athens and Thessaloniki (Greece), Belgrade (Serbia), Sofia (Bulgaria) and Istanbul (Turkey). In Northern Europe , rapid transit systems exist in Copenhagen (Denmark), Oslo (Norway), Stockholm (Sweden) and Helsinki (Finland). Various terms are used for rapid transit systems around North America . The term metro

16625-566: Was expanded to providing financial services in rural areas and acting as banking correspondents (Bank Sakhis) from producing agricultural commodities. Kumar government also launched 'Didi Ki Rasoi'. Under this project, women run pantries were opened which were tasked with providing home made fresh food for the schools, hospitals, offices and other places run by state government. Later, states like Gujarat and Karnataka also decided to adopt this scheme in their local developmental programmes. The governments of these states thus sent officials to study

16758-399: Was held for several corruption charges against him. In order to recruit only the qualified candidates in the state Police, the reform in recruitment examination was also brought. Kumar introduced the "Carbon Copy system" in the written examination, which was to be held to recruit the new entrants. In order to prevent tampering of the examination copy, the original copy marked by the candidate

16891-472: Was launched with the support of World Bank . Under this project the bank accounts of rural women were opened and credit was distributed to them for livelihood generation. The women were trained and work according to their skills was provided to them locally. This was achieved through promotion of small cooperatives consisting of group of upto twelve women. Later, the ambit of work given to women under Jeevika project, who are locally known as Jeevika Didis in Bihar,

17024-702: Was low and suburbs tended to spread out . Since the 1970s, the viability of underground train systems in Australian cities, particularly Sydney and Melbourne , has been reconsidered and proposed as a solution to over-capacity. Melbourne had tunnels and stations developed in the 1970s and opened in 1980. The first line of the Sydney Metro was opened in 2019. Since the 1960s, many new systems have been introduced in Europe , Asia and Latin America . In

17157-542: Was selected for the purpose, and sanctioned ₹ 2.52 crore as a consultancy fee to RITES. On 18 June 2013, the Government of Bihar signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the consulting firm, RITES , for a feasibility study and detailed project report preparation for the Patna Metro railway project. Under the agreement, RITES would be required to submit the feasibility report by the first week of December 2013 and

17290-529: Was sent directly to the strong room after the examination. The evaluators used to get only the Carbon Copy, and in case of any discrepancy, the original copy was matched with the Carbon Copy evaluated by the evaluators. Further, a permanent recruitment examination was also made compulsory and the physical examination was made qualifying in determining merit, for selection to constabulary . In the tenure of Chief Ministers prior to Kumar, only physical examination

17423-568: Was sworn in as Bihar Chief Minister for seventh time in 20 years in the presence of top leaders of NDA. On 8 December 2020, his deputy Sushil Kumar Modi was elected unopposed to the Rajya Sabha from Bihar to fill the vacant seat after the demise of Ram Vilas Paswan . So, Nitish resigned on 16 August 2020 and returned as Chief Minister with his new deputies Tarkishore Prasad and Renu Devi . On 9 August 2022, Kumar resigned as chief minister and removed his party from

17556-436: Was to be created before 15 August 2014. A report for the project, planned to proceed in four stages, was due on 31 October 2014. The project received the central government's approval on 6 February 2019 and prime minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone on 17 February. In November 2019, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation unveiled changes in the project's Detailed Project Report, and the alignment of both lines. The changes led to

17689-587: Was widely believed that in the forthcoming election to Bihar state assembly , the Lalu-Rabri rule will come to an end. The RJD had fought the election in an alliance with the Congress but the coalition didn't work making state leadership of Congress believe that the maligned image of Lalu Prasad after his name was drawn in the Fodder Scam had eroded his support base. Consequently, Congress decided to fight

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