Patscherkofel is a mountain and ski area in the Alps , in Tyrol in western Austria , 7 km (4 mi.) south of Innsbruck . The peak rises to a summit elevation of 2,246 m (7,369 ft) above sea level . The town of Igls at its northwest base is at 870 m (2,854 ft), a vertical drop of 1,376 m (4,514 ft).
24-398: Quartz phyllite is the dominant bedrock, with gneiss and feldspar at the peak. Calcium-rich bedrock such as basalt , chalk and dolomite also occurs but is too scarce to have much influence on the soils of this severely glaciated mountain. Acid brown earth, podzolized brown earth and iron-humus podzol are the dominant soil types. During both the 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics ,
48-429: A different composition than a basalt lava , the minerals that can grow in them are different too. Therefore, a meta psammite and a meta pelite will have different mineralogical compositions even though they are in the same metamorphic facies. Every metamorphic facies has some index minerals by which it can be recognized. That does not mean these minerals will necessarily be visible with the naked eye, or even exist in
72-478: A facies at low pressure and relatively low temperatures. It is named for the two minerals albite and epidote , though they are also stable in other facies. Hornfels is a rock formed by contact metamorphism , a process that characteristically involves high temperatures but low pressures/depths. This facies is characterized by the following minerals: In metabasites: In metapelites: In calcaerous assemblage: Calcite + talc + quartz The hornblende-hornfels facies
96-512: A preferred orientation. Among foliated metamorphic rocks, it represents a gradation in the degree of metamorphism between slate and schist. The minute crystals of graphite , sericite, or chlorite, or the translucent fine-grained white mica, impart a silky, sometimes golden sheen to the surfaces of cleavage , called "phyllitic luster". The word comes from the Greek phyllon , meaning "leaf". The protolith (or parent rock) for phyllite
120-528: Is shale or pelite ; or slate, which in turn came from a shale protolith. Its constituent platy minerals are larger than those in slate but are not visible with the naked eye. Phyllites are said to have a texture called "phyllitic sheen," and are usually classified as having formed through low-grade metamorphic conditions through regional metamorphism metamorphic facies . Phyllite has good fissility (a tendency to split into sheets). Phyllites are usually black to gray or light greenish gray in color. The foliation
144-401: Is a facies of medium pressure and average to high temperature. It is named after amphiboles that form under such circumstances. It has the following mineral assemblages: In metabasites: In metapelites: In Si-dolostones: The granulite facies is the highest grade of metamorphism at medium pressure. The depth at which it occurs is not constant. A characteristic mineral for this facies and
168-428: Is a facies with the same low pressures but slightly higher temperatures as the albite-epidote facies. Though it is named for the mineral hornblende, the appearance of that mineral is not constrained to this facies. The hornblende-hornfels facies has the following mineral assemblages: In metabasites: In metapelites: In K 2 O-poor sediments or meta-igneous rocks: In Si-rich dolostones: The pyroxene-hornfels facies
192-404: Is a type of foliated metamorphic rock formed from slate that is further metamorphosed so that very fine grained white mica achieves a preferred orientation. It is primarily composed of quartz , sericite mica , and chlorite . Phyllite has fine-grained mica flakes, whereas slate has extremely fine mica flakes, and schist has large mica flakes, all mica flakes of which have achieved
216-520: Is commonly crinkled or wavy in appearance. Phyllites are mostly used in decorative aggregates, interior decors, building stones, facing stones, garden decoration and curbing. Cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artworks and writing slates are some of its commercial uses. Phyllite is commonly found in the Dalradian metasediments of northwest Arran . In north Cornwall, there are Tredorn phyllites and Woolgarden phyllites. Carolina "slate"
240-595: Is named for the minerals prehnite (a Ca - Al - phyllosilicate ) and pumpellyite (a sorosilicate ). The prehnite-pumpellyite is characterized by the mineral assemblages: In meta-igneous rocks and greywackes: In metapelites: The greenschist facies is at low pressure and temperature. The facies is named for the typical schistose texture of the rocks and green colour of the minerals chlorite , epidote and actinolite . Characteristic mineral assemblages are: In metabasites: In metagreywackes: In metapelites: In Si -rich dolomite rocks: The amphibolite facies
264-438: Is often volcanic phyllite. A type of Carolina slate, Duke stone , is a dacitic phyllite that is fractured and colored with iron oxide. This metamorphic rock -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Metamorphic facies [REDACTED] A metamorphic facies is a set of mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks formed under similar pressures and temperatures . The assemblage
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#1732794326721288-519: Is the contact-metamorphic facies with the highest temperatures and is, like the granulite facies, characterized by the mineral orthopyroxene. It is characterized by the following mineral assemblages: In metabasites: In metapelites: (If the temperature is below 750 °C there will be andalusite instead of sillimanite) In carbonate rocks: The sanidinite facies is a rare facies of extremely high temperatures and low pressure. It can only be reached under certain contact-metamorphic circumstances. Due to
312-516: Is typical of what is formed in conditions corresponding to an area on the two dimensional graph of temperature vs. pressure (See diagram in Figure 1). Rocks which contain certain minerals can therefore be linked to certain tectonic settings, times and places in the geological history of the area. The boundaries between facies (and corresponding areas on the temperature v. pressure graph) are wide because they are gradational and approximate. The area on
336-412: The 1976 Downhill . The 3.020 km (1.88 mi) course had a vertical drop of 870 m (2,854 ft) and started at 1,950 m (6,398 ft), well below the mountain's summit. Behind at the last timing interval, Klammer finished at 1:45.73, an average speed of 102.8 km/h (63.9 mph) and vertical descent rate of 8.2 m/s (26.9 ft/s). Egon Zimmermann , also of Austria, took
360-400: The following mineral assemblages: In metabasites: In metagreywackes: In metapelites: In carbonate-rocks (marbles): The eclogite facies is the facies at the highest pressure and high temperature. It is named for the metabasic rock eclogite . The eclogite facies has the mineral assemblages: In metabasites: In metagranodiorite: In metapelites: The albite-epidote-hornfels facies is
384-486: The gold medal a dozen years earlier in the 1964 Olympic downhill . His winning time was 2:18.16, more than a half minute behind Klammer's. [REDACTED] Media related to Patscherkofel at Wikimedia Commons This Tyrol location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a Winter Olympics venue is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Phyllite Phyllite ( / ˈ f ɪ l aɪ t / FIL -yte )
408-513: The graph corresponding to rock formation at the lowest values of temperature and pressure is the range of formation of sedimentary rocks , as opposed to metamorphic rocks, in a process called diagenesis . The name facies was first used for specific sedimentary environments in sedimentary rocks by Swiss geologist Amanz Gressly in 1838. Analogous with these sedimentary facies a number of metamorphic facies were proposed in 1920 by Finnish petrologist Pentti Eskola . Eskola's classification
432-404: The lowest metamorphic grade . At lower temperature and pressure processes in the rock are called diagenesis . The facies is named for zeolites , strongly hydrated tectosilicates . It can have the following mineral assemblages: In meta-igneous rocks and greywackes : In meta pelites : The prehnite-pumpellyite facies is a little higher in pressure and temperature than the zeolite facies. It
456-526: The mineralogical composition of a rock. When the temperature or pressure in a rock body change, the rock can cross into a different facies and some minerals become stable while others become unstable or metastable . Whether minerals really react depends on the reaction kinetics , the activation energy of the reaction and how much fluid is present in the rock. The minerals in a metamorphic rock and their age relations can be studied by optical microscopy or scanning electron microscopy of thin sections of
480-401: The mountain was the venue for the men's downhill race, along with the bobsleigh and luge competitions in neighboring Igls . The other five alpine skiing events were held at Axamer Lizum . Ski legend Franz Klammer of Austria , then age 22, won his Olympic gold medal at Patscherkofel, dramatically edging out defending Olympic champion Bernhard Russi of Switzerland by 0.33 seconds in
504-430: The pyroxene-hornblende facies is orthopyroxene . The granulite facies is characterized by the following mineral assemblages: In metabasites: In metapelites: The blueschist facies is at relatively low temperature but high pressure, such as occurs in rocks in a subduction zone . The facies is named after the schistose character of the rocks and the blue minerals glaucophane and lawsonite . The blueschist facies forms
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#1732794326721528-461: The rock. Apart from the metamorphic facies of a rock, a whole terrane can be described by the abbreviations LT, MT, HT, LP, MP, HP (from low, medium or high; pressure or temperature). Since the 1980s the term UHP (ultra high pressure) has been used for rocks that experienced extreme pressures. Which minerals grow in a rock is also dependent upon the original composition of the protolith (the original rock before metamorphosis). Carbonate rocks have
552-419: The rock; if the rock does not have the right chemical composition, they will not crystallize. Very typical index minerals are the polymorphs of aluminosilicate (Al 2 SiO 5 , all are nesosilicates ). Andalusite is stable at low pressure, kyanite is stable at high pressure but relatively low temperature and sillimanite is stable at high temperature. The zeolite facies is the metamorphic facies with
576-401: Was refined by New-Zealand geologist Francis John Turner throughout his career. A classic work of Turner's was the book he published in 1948 titled Mineralogical and Structural Evolution of Metamorphic Rocks . Turner continued to work in the field, refining the metamorphic facies classifications through the end of his career in the early 1970s. The different metamorphic facies are defined by
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