Paul Osborn (September 4, 1901 – May 12, 1988) was an American playwright and screenwriter . Osborn's original plays are The Vinegar Tree , Oliver Oliver , and Morning's at Seven and among his several successful adaptations, On Borrowed Time has proved particularly popular. He wrote the screenplays for East of Eden (1955) and South Pacific (1958), among other films.
122-636: Born in Evansville, Indiana , he grew up in Michigan where his father was a Baptist minister. He went on to graduate from the University of Michigan . At the university, he formed a lasting friendship with Poet-in-Residence Robert Frost and earned a B.A. in English and an M.A. in psychology. Following a brief stint as a student of George Pierce Baker , the noted teacher of dramatic form and founder of
244-558: A spree killer loosely inspired by Charles Starkweather , on Dean. Johnny Depp credited Dean as the catalyst for his wanting to become an actor. Nicolas Cage also said he wanted to go into acting because of Dean. "I started acting because I wanted to be James Dean. I saw him in Rebel Without a Cause , East of Eden . Nothing affected me – no rock song, no classical music – the way Dean affected me in Eden . It blew my mind. I
366-623: A "line of original settlers that could be traced back to the Mayflower ". Six years after his father had left farming to become a dental technician, Dean moved with his family to Santa Monica, California . He was enrolled at Brentwood Public School in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles but transferred soon afterward to the McKinley Elementary School. The family spent several years there, and by all accounts, Dean
488-525: A Ronald Reagan television retrospective. The episode, originally broadcast December 12, 1954, drew international attention and highlights were featured on numerous national media outlets including: CBS Evening News , NBC Nightly News , and Good Morning America . It was later revealed that some footage from the episode was first featured in the 2005 documentary, James Dean: Forever Young . James Dean's estate still earns about $ 5,000,000 per year, according to Forbes magazine. On November 6, 2019, it
610-588: A Tony Award for Best Broadway Revival in 1980 for Morning's at Seven . In 1982, two years after the Tony for Morning's at Seven , Osborn won the Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement from the Writers Guild of America. Evansville, Indiana Evansville is a city in and the county seat of Vanderburgh County, Indiana , United States. With a population of 118,414 at the 2020 census , it
732-563: A brief trip to New York in October 1954. While he was away, Angeli unexpectedly announced her engagement to Italian-American singer Vic Damone . The press was shocked and Dean expressed his irritation. Angeli married Damone the following month. Gossip columnists reported that Dean watched the wedding from across the road on his motorcycle, even gunning the engine during the ceremony. However, Dean later denied doing anything so "dumb". Angeli, who later divorced Damone and then her second husband,
854-678: A campus in Evansville. Other local educational institutions include the nationally ranked Signature School , the Evansville Vanderburgh Public Library , and the Evansville Vanderburgh School Corporation . There has been a continuous human presence in the area that became Evansville from at least 8,000 BC by Paleo-Indians . Archaeologists have identified several archaic and ancient sites in and near Evansville, with
976-559: A career in motorsport . He purchased various vehicles after filming for East of Eden had concluded, including a Triumph Tiger T110 and a Porsche 356 . Just before filming began on Rebel Without a Cause, he competed in his first professional event at the Palm Springs Road Races, which was held in Palm Springs, California , on March 26–27, 1955. Dean achieved first place in the novice class and second place at
1098-531: A desire for others to listen to him instead of rejecting him. Though often perceived as a nonconformist and eccentric, Wood pointed out that many of Dean's actions—like avoiding suits and social functions—are less uncommon today. She characterized him in an interview by Peter Lawford : "But I think he was not into drugs or anything very spooky or weird. I think he was a very healthy young man... Very moody and poetic. But not freaked out or drugged out or anything like that." In 1954, Dean became interested in developing
1220-709: A fish consumption advisory for fish from the Ohio River based on PCB contamination. The recommended consumption limit for most fish, including carp , striped bass and flathead catfish is no more than 8 oz. per month, but for channel catfish , the recommendation is only 8oz every two months. Six very large coal-fired power plant complexes operate within 30 miles of Evansville: Indiana-Michigan Power 's Rockport Generating Station , near Rockport, Indiana , AES Indiana 's Petersburg Generating Station near Petersburg , and Duke Energy 's Gibson Generating Station near Mount Carmel . Evansville-based Vectren operates
1342-555: A function. Bast, who was also Dean's first biographer, would not confirm whether he and Dean had a sexual relationship until 2006. In his book Surviving James Dean , Bast was more open about the nature of his relationship with Dean, writing that they had been lovers one night while staying at a hotel in Borrego Springs . In 1996, actress Liz Sheridan detailed her relationship with Dean in New York in 1952, saying it
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#17327806803491464-553: A gift for friendship: Al Hirschfeld, Elia Kazan, Robert Frost. Frost, while becoming America's most noted poet, remained a close friend, intrigued by theater and travelling to New York for Osborn's first nights. Frost hoped to write a play in collaboration with his former student. Tomorrow's Monday , a somewhat autobiographical play, was written in 1935–36. It was first produced at the Brattleboro Theatre in Vermont, in
1586-408: A maximum temperature of 90 °F (32 °C) or above and 17 days with a maximum at or below freezing; the mean first and last freeze dates are October 26 and April 7, resulting in a frost-free period of 201 days. Extreme temperatures range from −23 °F (−31 °C) on February 2, 1951, up to 111 °F (44 °C) on July 28, 1930; the record cold maximum of −3 °F (−19 °C)
1708-611: A more traditional career. He pledged to the Sigma Nu fraternity but was never initiated. While at UCLA, Dean was picked from a group of 350 actors to portray Malcolm in Macbeth . At that time, he also began acting in James Whitmore 's workshop. In January 1951, he dropped out of UCLA to pursue a full-time acting career. In 1950, Dean made his television debut in a Pepsi commercial. He quit college to act full-time and
1830-517: A number of passersby who stopped to help. Dean's biographer, George Perry, wrote that a woman with nursing experience attended to Dean and detected a weak pulse. Still, he also contrarily wrote that "death appeared to have been instantaneous". Dean was pronounced dead on arrival shortly after he arrived by ambulance at the Paso Robles War Memorial Hospital at 6:20 p.m. Though initially slow to reach newspapers in
1952-472: A number of personal mementos from the play—including several drawings by him. In 1953, director Elia Kazan was looking for a substantive actor to play the emotionally complex role of Cal Trask for screenwriter Paul Osborn 's adaptation of John Steinbeck 's 1952 novel East of Eden . This book deals with the story of the Trask and Hamilton families over the course of three generations, focusing especially on
2074-520: A place to stay. Brackett opened doors for Dean and helped him land his first starring role on Broadway in See the Jaguar . In July 1951, Dean appeared on Alias Jane Doe , which was produced by Brackett. In October 1951, following the encouragement of actor James Whitmore and the advice of his mentor Rogers Brackett, Dean moved to New York City. There, he worked as a stunt tester for the game show Beat
2196-414: A posthumously released 1956 film. The movie portrays a number of decades in the lives of Bick Benedict, a Texas rancher, played by Rock Hudson ; his wife, Leslie, played by Elizabeth Taylor ; and Rink. To portray an older version of his character in the film's later scenes, Dean dyed his hair gray and shaved some of it off to give himself a receding hairline. Giant would prove to be Dean's last film. At
2318-546: A profound desire for "peace and intellectual growth". While he felt compelled to adopt a rebellious identity reminiscent of Marlon Brando 's character in The Wild One , he ultimately sought to distance himself from that image, which prompted him to pursue therapy later in life. Natalie Wood also offered insights into Dean's behavior, suggesting it stemmed from an emotional need for connection rather than mere rebellion. She noted that he sought love and attention, expressing
2440-547: A second nomination for his performance in Giant , making him the only actor to receive two posthumous acting nominations. In 1999, he was honored by the American Film Institute , being ranked as the 18th greatest male film star from Golden Age Hollywood on their " AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars " list. TIME recognized Dean as one of the "All-Time Most Influential Fashion Icons." Dean’s film roles and style had
2562-671: A soldier in Fixed Bayonets! (1951), a boxing cornerman in Sailor Beware (1952), and a youth in Has Anybody Seen My Gal? (1952). While struggling to gain roles in Hollywood , Dean also worked as a parking lot attendant at CBS Studios . During that time, he met Rogers Brackett, a radio director for an advertising agency, who offered him professional help and guidance in his chosen career, as well as
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#17327806803492684-510: A starring role as Jim Stark in Rebel Without a Cause (1955), a film that would prove to be hugely popular among teenagers. The film has been cited as an accurate representation of teenage angst . Following East of Eden and Rebel Without a Cause , Dean wanted to avoid being typecast as a rebellious teenager like Cal Trask or Jim Stark, and hence took on the role of Jett Rink, a Texan ranch hand who strikes oil and becomes wealthy, in Giant ,
2806-706: A steady pace of economic diversification and stability. On December 6, 2022, in recognition of the city's massive production efforts during World War II, it was announced that Evansville had been designated Indiana's American World War II Heritage City by the National Park Service . The Evansville metropolitan area , the 142nd largest in the United States, includes three Indiana counties ( Posey , Vanderburgh , and Warrick ) and two Kentucky counties ( Henderson , and Webster ). The metropolitan area does not include Owensboro, Kentucky , which
2928-455: A strong impact on Hollywood , capturing the spirit of 1950s youth and creating an enduring legacy that shaped American pop culture and defined rebellious, countercultural attitudes for generations. Dean was born on February 8, 1931, in Marion, Indiana , the only child of Mildred Marie Wilson and Winton Dean. He claimed that his mother was partly Native American and that his father belonged to
3050-508: A touchstone of many television shows, films, books, and plays. The film September 30, 1955 (1977) depicts how various characters in a small Southern town in the US react to Dean's death. The play Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean , written by Ed Graczyk, depicts a reunion of Dean fans on the 20th anniversary of his death. It was staged by the director Robert Altman in 1982 but
3172-450: A variety of young actresses who were mostly drawn from the clientele of Dean's Hollywood agent, Dick Clayton . Studio press releases also grouped Dean together with two other actors, Rock Hudson and Tab Hunter , identifying each of the men as an 'eligible bachelor' who had not yet found the time to commit to a single woman: "They say their film rehearsals are in conflict with their marriage rehearsals." Dean's best-remembered relationship
3294-464: A vegetable refrigeration process. Cal is bothered by the mystery of their supposedly dead mother and discovers she is still alive and a brothel-keeping 'madam'; the part was played by actress Jo Van Fleet . Before casting Cal, Elia Kazan said he wanted "a Brando type" for the role, and Osborn suggested Dean, a relatively unknown young actor. Dean met with Steinbeck, who did not like the moody, complex young man personally but thought him to be perfect for
3416-578: Is Indiana's third-most populous city after Indianapolis and Fort Wayne , the most populous city in Southern Indiana , and the 249th-most populous city in the United States. It is the central city of the Evansville metropolitan area , a hub of commercial, medical, and cultural activity of southwestern Indiana and the Illinois–Indiana–Kentucky tri-state area , which is home to over 911,000 people. The 38th parallel north crosses
3538-514: Is a multi-use indoor arena downtown with a maximum seating capacity of 11,000 connected via Sky Bridge to the Evansville DoubleTree Hotel . It officially opened in 2011 and is used mainly for basketball , ice hockey , and music concerts . James Dean James Byron Dean (February 8, 1931 – September 30, 1955) was an American actor who became one of the most influential figures in Hollywood in
3660-434: Is also a regional energy hub because of regional energy-related facilities such as BWX Technologies Nuclear Operations Group, coal mines , Global Blade Technology, several large ethanol and biofuel facilities, and a network of gas and oil pipelines. The city of Evansville offers a tax structure for companies locating inside the Evansville urban enterprise zone. Established in 1984 as one of five enterprise zones in
3782-427: Is an adjacent metropolitan area about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Evansville. This area is sometimes referred to as " Kentuckiana ", although it is usually referred to as the “tri-state" by the local media. According to the 2010 census, Evansville has an area of 44.622 square miles (115.57 km ), of which 44.15 square miles (114.35 km ) (or 98.94%) is land and 0.472 square miles (1.22 km ) (or 1.06%)
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3904-686: Is dug up from each yard then dumped in a nearby landfill. The work has many more years to go. The U.S. Census accounts for race by two methodologies. "Race alone" and "Race alone less Hispanics" where Hispanics are delineated separately as if a separate race. According to the 2020 U.S. Census , the racial makeup (including Hispanics in the racial counts) was 75.34% (88,374) White alone , 13.65% (16,006) Black alone , 0.31% (362) Native American alone , 1.24% (1,455) Asian alone , 0.51% (596) Pacific Islander alone , 1.97% (2,315) Other Race alone , and 6.98% (8,190) Multiracial or Mixed Race . The racial and ethnic makeup (where Hispanics are excluded from
4026-476: Is home to Bally's Evansville , the state's first casino; Mesker Park Zoo and Botanic Garden , one of the state's oldest and largest zoos; and sports tourism industry . The city has several notable educational institutions. The University of Evansville is a private school on the city's east side, while the University of Southern Indiana is a larger public institution just outside the city's westside limits. The Indiana University School of Medicine also maintains
4148-486: Is water. The city's southern boundary lies on an oxbow in the Ohio River. Most of the city lies in a shallow valley surrounded by low rolling hills. The city's west side is built on these rolling hills and is home to Burdette Park , Mesker Amphitheatre , and Mesker Park Zoo . The eastern portion developed in the valley and is protected by a series of levees that closely follow the path of I-69 . Notable landmarks on
4270-668: The Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him the 18th best male movie star of Golden Age Hollywood in the AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars list. All three of Dean's films have been preserved in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress . American teenagers of the mid-1950s, when Dean's major films were first released, identified with Dean and
4392-865: The National Register of Historic Places . Evansville lies within the northern limits of the humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), and straddles the border between USDA plant hardiness zones 6b and 7a. Summers are hot and humid, winters are cold to cool. Average temperatures range from 32.5 °F (0.3 °C) in January to 78.0 °F (25.6 °C) in July. Annual precipitation averages 45.3 inches (1,150 mm), including an average seasonal snowfall of 11.8 inches (30 cm). Evansville winters can range from just 0.5 in (1.3 cm) of snowfall in 2011–12, up to 37.9 in (96 cm) in 1969–70. On average, there are 41 days annually with
4514-401: The Ohio River flood of 1937 covered 500 city blocks in Evansville, resulting in a major crisis. With steamboats less necessary to the local economy, city and federal officials responded to the flood and its destruction by constructing more and higher levees: construction that penned and hid the Ohio River behind a barrier of earthen berms and concrete walls. During World War II , Evansville
4636-588: The United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for their "cultural, historical, or aesthetic significance". His life was cut short in a car accident at the age of 24 in 1955, leaving him a lasting symbol of rebellion, youthful defiance, and the restless spirit. Dean was the first actor to receive a posthumous Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for his role in East of Eden . The following year, he earned
4758-481: The University of Southern Indiana also contribute thousands of jobs to the tri-state annually. Evansville's strategic location on the Ohio River , strong rail and highway infrastructure, and its designation as a U.S. Customs Port of Entry , make it an ideal location for the transfer of cargo, including internationally. Chemicals make up 64% of international exports from the metro area, followed by transportation equipment (18%) and food manufacturing (5%). Evansville
4880-581: The tri-state 's major center for the healthcare and medical sciences industries. Deaconess Health System and St. Vincent Evansville (formerly St. Mary's Hospital and Medical Center ), including the Deaconess Gateway and Women's Hospital just outside city limits, provide the anchors for a health care system that are among the region's largest employers. Educational institutions such as Evansville Vanderburgh School Corporation , Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana , University of Evansville and
5002-561: The 1928 production of Machinal with Clark Gable and in Street Scene (1931), a performance that is captured in a Hirschfeld drawing included in his book with Brooks Atkinson , The Lively Years 1920 - 1973 ( Morning's at Seven is one of the plays cited and discussed.) Problems with his eyesight left Osborn virtually blind his latter years when he dictated a lengthy memoir that he never finished "because I can't read it". The memoir remains unpublished. Among his screenplays would be
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5124-464: The 1950s, despite a career that lasted only five years. His impact on cinema and popular culture was profound, even though he appeared in just three major films. These films include Rebel Without a Cause (1955), in which he portrayed a disillusioned and rebellious teenager, East of Eden (1955), which showcased his intense emotional range, and Giant (1956), a sprawling drama released shortly after his death. All these films have been preserved in
5246-523: The 2010 census, there were 117,429 people, 50,588 households, and 28,085 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,659.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,027.0/km ). There were 57,799 housing units at an average density of 1,309.2 per square mile (505.5/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 82.0% White , 12.6% African American , 0.3% Native American , 1.0% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 1.3% from other races , and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of
5368-767: The Actors Studio in a 1952 letter to his family as "the greatest school of the theater. It houses great people like Marlon Brando , Julie Harris , Arthur Kennedy , Mildred Dunnock , Eli Wallach ... Very few get into it ... It is the best thing that can happen to an actor. I am one of the youngest to belong." There, he was classmates and close friends with Carroll Baker , alongside whom he would eventually star in Giant (1956). Dean's career picked up, and he performed in further episodes of such early 1950s television shows as Kraft Television Theatre , Robert Montgomery Presents , The United States Steel Hour , Danger , and General Electric Theater . One early role, for
5490-621: The CBS series Omnibus in the episode "Glory in the Flower," saw Dean portraying the type of disaffected youth he would later portray in Rebel Without a Cause (1955). This summer 1953 program featured the song " Crazy Man, Crazy ," one of the first dramatic TV programs to feature rock and roll . Positive reviews for Dean's 1954 theatrical role as Bachir, a pandering homosexual North African houseboy, in an adaptation of André Gide 's book The Immoralist (1902), led to calls from Hollywood. During
5612-585: The Clock , but was subsequently fired for allegedly performing the tasks too quickly. He also appeared in episodes of several CBS television series, The Web , Studio One , and Lux Video Theatre , before gaining admission to the Actors Studio to study method acting under Lee Strasberg . In 1952, he had a nonspeaking bit part as a pressman in the movie Deadline – U.S.A. , starring Humphrey Bogart . Proud of these accomplishments, Dean referred to
5734-646: The Eastern United States, details of Dean's death rapidly spread via radio and television. By October 2, his death had received significant coverage from domestic and foreign media outlets. Dean's funeral was held on October 8, 1955, at the Fairmount Friends Church in Fairmount, Indiana . The coffin remained closed to conceal his severe injuries. An estimated 600 mourners were in attendance, while another 2,400 fans gathered outside
5856-527: The Italian film composer Armando Trovajoli , was said by friends in the last years of her life to claim that Dean was the love of her life. She died from an overdose of barbiturates in 1971 at the age of 39. Dean also dated Swiss actress Ursula Andress . "She was seen riding around Hollywood on the back of James's motorcycle," writes biographer Darwin Porter. She was also seen with Dean in his sports cars and
5978-636: The Long Wharf Theater and the Philadelphia Drama Guild with Boyd Gaines in the title role. On the opening night in New Haven, the audience gave Oliver Oliver a standing ovation; and Osborn, who suffered macular degeneration, quipped, "I thought they were standing to get their coats." Although often noted for his adaptations, Osborn's 1939 comedy, Morning's at Seven , became one of Osborn's most enduring original works. It
6100-515: The South, Catholic Irish coming for canal or railroad work, New England businessmen, Germans fleeing Europe after the 1848 revolutions, and freedmen from western Kentucky. By the 1890 census , Evansville ranked as the 56th-largest urban area in the United States, but it was surpassed in population by other cities in the early 1900s. As the new century began, the city continued to develop to its eastern areas. Manufacturing also took off, particularly in
6222-690: The US became involved in World War I. Instead of running away from his father as the script called for, Dean instinctively turned to Massey and, in a gesture of extreme emotion, lunged forward and grabbed him in a full embrace, crying. Kazan kept this and Massey's shocked reaction in the film. Dean's performance in the film foreshadowed his role as Jim Stark in Rebel Without A Cause . Both characters are angst-ridden protagonists and misunderstood outcasts, desperately craving approval from their fathers. In recognition of his performance in East of Eden , Dean
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#17327806803496344-467: The Yale School of Drama at Yale University , he made his debut on Broadway in 1928 with the play Hotbed . His next play A Ledge was produced the following season. In 1930, Osborn found singular success on Broadway with a comedy titled The Vinegar Tree that starred Mary Boland . He contributed the comedy Oliver Oliver to the 1934 Broadway season, and in 1984 that play won critical acclaim at
6466-487: The adaptation of John Steinbeck's East of Eden (1955) and Wild River (1960) for his friend Elia Kazan , South Pacific (1958) and Sayonara directed by Joshua Logan , as well as Madame Curie (1943), The Yearling (1946), and Portrait of Jennie (1948). He had received Academy Award nominations for the screenplays for Sayonara and East of Eden , and Writers Guild of America nominations for South Pacific , Sayonara and East of Eden . Osborn received
6588-591: The air in Vanderburgh County were almost as high as in Manhattan , New York City . A large portion of the downtown and north side areas were declared contaminated by lead and arsenic because of factory dumping dating back to the Civil War. Contractors have been working for more than 20 years to dig up the lawns of residents to make them safe for children to play. About 18 inches of contaminated dirt
6710-488: The automobile and refrigeration industries. The Graham brothers, Ray, Robert, and Joseph, got their start with a successful glass factory in Evansville. After they sold it in 1907, the glass factory became Libbey-Owens-Ford. In 1916, seeing the need for a dependable truck, the Graham brothers entered the truck chassis business. Evansville was home to Graham Brothers Trucks from then until 1929. The dependability of Graham trucks
6832-456: The beach, sitting there or fooling around, just like college kids. We would talk about ourselves and our problems, about the movies and acting, about life and life after death. We had a complete understanding of each other. We were like Romeo and Juliet , together and inseparable. Sometimes on the beach we loved each other so much we just wanted to walk together into the sea holding hands because we knew then that we would always be together. Dean
6954-722: The billions," and many other companies switched over to the manufacture of war material. In 1942, an aircraft factory was constructed adjacent to the airport north of the city for the manufacture of the Republic P-47D fighter aircraft, the legendary P-47 Thunderbolt . Evansville produced a total of 6,242 P-47s, almost half of the P-47s made nationally during the war. After the war, Evansville's manufacturing base of automobiles, household appliances, and farm equipment benefited from growing post-war demand. A growing housing demand also caused residential development to leap north and east of
7076-501: The bride's name is left blank was found among Dean's personal effects after his death. Some commentators, such as William Bast and Paul Alexander, believe the relationship was a mere publicity stunt. In his autobiography, Elia Kazan , the director of East of Eden , dismissed the notion that Dean could possibly have had any success with women, although he remembered hearing Dean and Angeli loudly making love in Dean's dressing room. Kazan
7198-465: The building during the procession. He is buried at Park Cemetery in Fairmount. An inquest placed fault for the accident entirely with Dean. There is a James Dean monument, financed by a Japanese businessman, in front of the former Cholame post office (which closed in 1994) and a restaurant (until its closure in 2022), one half-mile from the site of the accident. In 1960, Dean received a star on
7320-524: The cardinal points, due north–south, and east–west. Thus, anyone entering or leaving downtown finds the street makes a confusing oblique-angle turn in one direction or another. In the 1970s, the city suffered from problems such as decreased economic activity and suburban flight, but city-sponsored revitalization has improved downtown conditions. The business district and riverfront feature land-based casino gambling, restaurants, bars, and shops that attract tens of thousands of visitors each year. Although much of
7442-773: The city include Alcoa in Newburgh , AK Steel in Rockport , SABIC in Mount Vernon , and Toyota in Princeton . Other major employers with workforces of 500 or more in the area include AT&T , Bristol-Myers Squibb , SRG Global , Industrial Contractors , Mead Johnson , Peabody Energy , PGW Pittsburgh Glass, T.J. Maxx , and Bally's Evansville . Evansville was the headquarters of natural gas and electric utility Vectren from its 2000 founding to its 2019 merger into CenterPoint Energy . Evansville has emerged as
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#17327806803497564-822: The city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female. Evansville is the regional center for a large trade area in Indiana , Kentucky , and Illinois . The largest industry sectors in size in Evansville are healthcare, finance, education, and manufacturing. Other major industries by employment are energy, warehousing and distribution, and retail. Corporate headquarters in Evansville include Accuride , Ameriqual Group, Anchor Industries, Atlas Van Lines , Berry Global , Evana Tool & Engineering, Karges Furniture , Koch Enterprises, Lewis Bakeries, Metronet, Old National Bank , Red Spot Paint & Varnish, Shoe Carnival , OneMain Financial , and Traylor Brothers. Major manufacturing operations near
7686-412: The city. However, between 1955 and 1963, a nationwide recession hit Evansville. Among other closures, Servel (which produced refrigerators) went out of business and Chrysler ended its local operations. The economy was saved from near total collapse by 28 businesses that moved into the area, including Whirlpool , Alcoa , and General Electric . During the final third of the 20th century, Evansville became
7808-559: The creek an industrial corridor. The land comprising the former town of Lamasco was platted in 1837 and was annexed in 1870. Evansville's economy received a boost in the early 1830s when Indiana unveiled plans to build the longest canal in the world , a 400-mile ditch to connect the Great Lakes at Toledo, Ohio with the inland rivers at Evansville. The project was intended to open Indiana to commerce and improve transportation from New Orleans to New York City . The project bankrupted
7930-472: The development of rock and roll music. According to David R. Shumway, a researcher in American culture and cultural theory at Carnegie Mellon University , Dean was the first notable figure of youthful rebellion and "a harbinger of youth-identity politics". The persona Dean projected in his movies, especially Rebel Without a Cause , influenced Elvis Presley and many other musicians who followed, including
8052-483: The director Joshua Logan first asked Osborn to write the book for South Pacific when it was done for the stage (Logan himself finally did it), and achieved their objective when Osborn agreed to make the screenplay. Paul Osborn and his wife Millicent, a fiction writer, lived in New York City. Before their marriage in 1939 (Osborn's second), Millicent Green had had a successful career as an actress on Broadway, in
8174-628: The director. Screenwriter William Bast was one of Dean's closest friends, a fact acknowledged by Dean's family. According to Bast, he was Dean's roommate at UCLA and later in New York, and knew Dean throughout the last five years of his life. While at UCLA, Dean dated Beverly Wills , an actress with CBS, and Jeanette Lewis, a classmate. Bast and Dean often double-dated with them. Wills began dating Dean alone, later telling Bast, "Bill, there's something we have to tell you. It's Jimmy and me. I mean, we're in love." They broke up after Dean "exploded" when another man asked her to dance while they were at
8296-550: The early twentieth century with the production of lumber and the manufacturing of furniture. By 1920, Evansville had more than two dozen furniture companies. In the decades of the 1920s and 1930s, city leaders attempted to improve Evansville's transportation position and successfully lobbied to be on the Chicago-to-Miami "Dixie Bee Highway" ( U.S. Highway 41 ). A bridge was built across the Ohio River in 1932 and in that same decade steps were taken to develop an airport. But
8418-614: The east side are the 240-acre (1.0 km ) Wesselman Woods Nature Preserve and the Angel Mounds State Historic Site, just southeast of Evansville, between Evansville and Newburgh . For more details on this topic, see List of tallest buildings in Evansville Evansville's original downtown plat was made on about 200 acres, with streets running parallel to the river from northwest to southeast. Other streets nearby were later laid out on
8540-431: The end of the film, Dean is supposed to make a drunken speech at a banquet; this is nicknamed the 'Last Supper' because it was the last scene before his sudden death. Due to his desire to make the scene more realistic by actually being inebriated for the take, Dean mumbled so much that director George Stevens decided the scene had to be overdubbed by Nick Adams , who had a small role in the film because Dean had died before
8662-399: The film was edited. Dean received his second posthumous Best Actor Academy Award nomination for his role in Giant at the 29th Academy Awards in 1957 for films released in 1956. Having finished Giant , Dean was set to star as Rocky Graziano in a drama film, Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956), and, according to Nicholas Ray himself, he was going to do a story called Heroic Love with
8784-541: The first Europeans to come to the area, using Vincennes as a base of operations for fur trading. As a testament to the Ohio River's grandeur, early French explorers named it La Belle Rivière ("The Beautiful River"). The land encompassing Evansville was formally relinquished by the Delaware in 1805 to General William Henry Harrison , then governor of the Indiana Territory . The city of Evansville, Indiana
8906-510: The four sisters. The play received numerous nominations for awards, as did the acting ensemble, with Elizabeth Franz cited in particular Osborn's dramatization of On Borrowed Time has had three productions on Broadway, Joshua Logan directed the premiere in 1938 with Dudley Digges , Frank Conroy and Dorothy Stickney leading the cast. The 1953 revival featured Victor Moore , Leo G. Carroll and Beulah Bondi ; and in 1991 George C. Scott directed himself, Nathan Lane and Teresa Wright in
9028-403: The hub of the tri-state region's commercial, medical, and service industries. A 1990s economic spurt was fueled by the growth of the University of Southern Indiana . The arrival of giant Toyota and AK Steel manufacturing plants, as well as Casino Aztar (now Bally's), Indiana's first gaming boat, also contributed to the growth of jobs. As the twenty-first century began, Evansville continued in
9150-485: The industry. Martin Sheen has been vocal throughout his career about being influenced by James Dean. Speaking of the impact Dean had on him, Sheen stated, "All of his movies had a profound effect on my life, in my work and all of my generation. He transcended cinema acting. It was no longer acting; it was human behavior." For Terrence Malick 's debut film Badlands , Sheen based his characterization of Kit Carruthers,
9272-569: The lives of the latter two generations in Salinas Valley , California, from the mid-19th century through the 1910s. In contrast to the book, the film script focused on the last portion of the story, predominantly with the character of Cal. Though he initially seems more aloof and emotionally troubled than his twin brother Aron, Cal is soon seen to be more worldly, business savvy, and sensible compared to their pious and constantly disapproving father (played by Raymond Massey ), who seeks to invent
9394-632: The main event. His racing continued in Bakersfield a month later, where he finished first in his class and third overall. Dean hoped to compete in the Indianapolis 500 , but his busy schedule made it impossible. Dean's final race occurred in Santa Barbara on Memorial Day, May 30, 1955. He was unable to finish the competition due to a blown piston . His brief career was put on hold when Warner Brothers barred him from all racing during
9516-416: The most complex at Angel Mounds . This was built and occupied from about AD 900 to about AD 1600, just before the arrival of Europeans to North America. Following the abandonment of Angel Mounds between the years 1400 and 1450, tribes of the historic Miami , Shawnee , Piankeshaw , Wyandot , Delaware and other Native American peoples were known to be in the area. French hunters and trappers were among
9638-475: The most popular and influential figures in Bangladesh's film history, is often compared to James Dean, due to the similarities in their lives and careers. Shah had an ephemeral but prolific impact as an actor, was a major enthusiast of fashion and automobiles, died when he was 24, the exact same age as Dean, and has an enduring legacy. Numerous commentators have asserted that Dean had a singular influence on
9760-458: The north side of the city and is marked on Interstate 69 immediately north of its junction with Indiana 62 within the city's east side. Situated on an oxbow in the Ohio River , the city is often referred to as the "Crescent Valley" or "River City". Early French explorers named it La Belle Rivière ("The Beautiful River"). The area has been inhabited by various indigenous cultures for millennia, dating back at least 10,000 years. Angel Mounds
9882-514: The oncoming Porsche. Dean, unable to stop in time, slammed into the passenger side of the Ford, resulting in Dean's car bouncing across the pavement onto the side of the highway. Dean's passenger, Wütherich, was thrown from the Porsche, while Dean was trapped in the car and sustained numerous fatal injuries, including a broken neck. Turnupseed had only minor injuries. The accident was witnessed by
10004-443: The other two; the A. B. Brown Generating Station , located just west of Evansville, and Warrick County Generating Station / F. B. Culley Generating Station complex, east of Newburgh , largely owned by Alcoa . In addition, another coal fired power plant complex, The R.D. Green Station, operated by Touchstone Energy 's Big Rivers Electric, exists 20 miles south of Evansville, near Sebree, Kentucky . The levels of fine particles in
10126-699: The outer city's architecture is typical suburban design, the city's downtown district retains early twentieth-century architecture. A few blocks east of the main business district is the Riverside district , featuring tree-lined brick streets full of turn of the twentieth-century homes. The Reitz Home Museum is one of the finest examples of French second empire architecture in the United States. Other homes nearby feature similar character and design and include Italianate , Colonial Revival , and Renaissance Revival styles. Evansville has thirteen neighborhoods that have qualified as historic districts and are listed on
10248-492: The part. Dean was cast in the role and, on April 8, 1954, left New York City and headed for Los Angeles to begin shooting. Much of Dean's performance in the film was unscripted, including his dance in the bean field and his fetal-like posturing while riding on top of a train boxcar (after searching out his mother in nearby Monterey ). The best-known improvised sequence of the film occurs when Cal's father rejects his gift of $ 5,000, money Cal earned by speculating in beans before
10370-400: The play. The 1939 MGM movie of On Borrowed Time stars Lionel Barrymore , Cedric Hardwicke and Bobs Watson and Beulah Bondi. Osborn's rich contribution to the American theater includes the adaptations A Bell for Adano (1944); Point of No Return ; The World of Susie Wong ; The Innocent Voyage ; and an original verse play, based on Greek myths, Maiden Voyage . Paul Osborn had
10492-443: The population. There were 50,588 households, of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.8% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.5% were non-families. 36.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
10614-569: The production of The Immoralist , Dean had an affair with actress Geraldine Page . Angelica Page said of their relationship, "According to my mother, their affair went on for three-and-a-half months. In many ways, my mother never really got over Jimmy. It was not unusual for me to go to her dressing room through the years, obviously many years after Dean was gone, and find pictures of him taped up on her mirror. My mother never forgot about Jimmy—never. I believe they were artistic soul mates." Page remained friends with Dean until his death and kept
10736-413: The production of Giant . Dean had finished shooting his scenes, and the movie was in post-production when he decided to race again. Longing to return to the "liberating prospects" of motor racing, Dean traded in his Speedster for a new, more powerful, and faster 1955 Porsche 550 Spyder and entered the upcoming Salinas Road Race event scheduled for October 1–2, 1955. Accompanying the actor on his way to
10858-450: The racial counts and placed in their own category) was 74.18% (87,008) White alone (non-Hispanic) , 13.50% (15,834) Black alone (non-Hispanic) , 0.23% (273) Native American alone (non-Hispanic) , 1.23% (1,438) Asian alone (non-Hispanic) , 0.50% (590) Pacific Islander alone (non-Hispanic) , 0.48% (558) Other Race alone (non-Hispanic) , 5.62% (6,589) Multiracial or Mixed Race (non-Hispanic) , and 4.27% (5,008) Hispanic or Latino . As of
10980-449: The roles he played, especially that of Jim Stark in Rebel Without a Cause . The film depicts the dilemma of a typical teenager of the time, who feels that no one, not even his peers, can understand him. Humphrey Bogart commented after Dean's death about his public image and legacy: "Dean died at just the right time. He left behind a legend. If he had lived, he'd never have been able to live up to his publicity." Joe Hyams says that Dean
11102-516: The section of the novel East of Eden to film as well as discovering James Dean for the film. In his documentary A Letter to Elia , Martin Scorsese argues that the little known Wild River , which stars Montgomery Clift , Lee Remick and Jo Van Fleet , is among Kazan's finest achievements. Osborn's screenplay for Wild River is an outstanding literary achievement, providing scope for Kazan's directorial imagination. Rodgers & Hammerstein and
11224-487: The site of a new courthouse in 1891. The era of Evansville's greatest growth occurred in the second half of the 19th century, following the disruptions of the Civil War . The city was a major stop for steamboats along the Ohio River, and it was the home port for a number of companies engaged in trade via the river. Coal mining, manufacturing, and hardwood lumber was a major source of economic activity. By 1900, Evansville
11346-478: The state and was so poorly engineered that it would not hold water. By the time the Wabash and Erie Canal was finished in 1853, Evansville's first railroad, Evansville & Crawfordsville Railroad , was opened to Terre Haute. The expansion of railroads in this territory had made the canal obsolete. Only two flat barges ever made the entire trip. The canal basin at Fifth and Court street in downtown Evansville became
11468-573: The state, the 2.1-square-mile (5.4 km ) area offers inventory tax credits and other tax credits to eligible businesses. Historic Bosse Field , a 7,180-seat baseball stadium in Garvin Park, was built in 1915 and is the third-oldest ballpark still in regular use in the United States. It is surpassed only by Fenway Park (1912) in Boston and Wrigley Field (1914) in Chicago. The Ford Center
11590-544: The summer of 1936 and had its New York premiere fifty years later at the Circle Repertory Company in the fall of 1985. According to Kent Paul, who directed that production, Al Hirschfeld , the New York Times theater artist, remarked to his friend Osborn, "I like Tomorrow's Monday even more than Morning's at Seven ." Elia Kazan, in his autobiography A Life , credits Osborn with guiding him to
11712-464: The track on September 30 were stunt coordinator Bill Hickman , Collier's photographer Sanford Roth , and Rolf Wütherich , the German mechanic from the Porsche factory who maintained Dean's Spyder, "Little Bastard" car. Wütherich, who had encouraged Dean to drive the car from Los Angeles to Salinas to break it in, accompanied Dean in the Porsche. At 3:30 p.m., Dean was ticketed for speeding, as
11834-544: Was "just kind of magical". It was the first love for both of us." While living in New York, Dean was introduced to actress Barbara Glenn by their mutual friend Martin Landau . They dated for two years, often breaking up and getting back together. In 2011, their love letters were sold at auction for $ 36,000. Early in Dean's career, after Dean signed his contract with Warner Brothers , the studio's public relations department began generating stories about Dean's liaisons with
11956-406: Was "one of the rare stars, like Rock Hudson and Montgomery Clift , whom both men and women find sexy." According to Marjorie Garber , this quality is "the undefinable extra something that makes a star". Dean's appeal has been attributed to the public's need for someone to stand up for the disenfranchised young of the era, and to the air of androgyny that he projected onscreen. Dean has been
12078-411: Was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.91. Median household income was $ 36,330 (2016), with the per capita income being $ 21,368 (2016). Poverty level was 21.7%. The median age in the city was 36.5 years. 22.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64, and 14.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
12200-427: Was Hickman, who was following behind in another car. On September 30, as the group was driving westbound on U.S. Route 466 (currently SR 46 ) near Cholame, California , at approximately 5:45 p.m., a 1950 Ford Tudor , driven by 23-year-old California Polytechnic State University student Donald Turnupseed, was travelling east. Turnupseed made a left turn onto Highway 41 headed north, toward Fresno ahead of
12322-486: Was a major center of industrial production which helped revive the regional economy after the Great Depression . A huge, 45-acre shipyard complex was constructed on the riverfront east of St. Joseph Avenue for the production of oceangoing LSTs ( Landing Ship-Tanks ). The Evansville Shipyard was the nation's largest inland producer of LSTs. The Plymouth factory was converted into a plant which turned out "bullets by
12444-672: Was a permanent settlement of the Mississippian culture from AD 1000 to around AD 1400. The European-American city was founded in 1812. Evansville anchors a regional economic hub based primarily on trade, transportation, and utilities; professional and business services; education and health services; government; leisure and hospitality; and manufacturing. Two NYSE -listed companies ( Berry Global and OneMain Financial ) are headquartered in Evansville, and three companies traded on NASDAQ ( Escalade , Old National Bank , and Shoe Carnival ) are also headquartered in Evansville. Evansville
12566-479: Was announced that Dean's likeness would be used, via CGI , for a Vietnam War film called Finding Jack , based on the Gareth Crocker novel. Prior to being shelved, the movie was to have been directed by Anton Ernst and Tati Golykh and another actor would voice Dean's part. Although the directors obtained the rights to use Dean's image from his family, the announcement was met with derision by people in
12688-661: Was cast in his first speaking part, as John the Apostle in Hill Number One , an Easter television special dramatizing the Resurrection of Jesus . Dean worked at the widely filmed Iverson Movie Ranch in the Chatsworth area of Los Angeles during the production of the program, for which a replica of the tomb of Jesus was built on location at the ranch. Dean subsequently obtained three walk-on roles in movies: as
12810-528: Was designated as the county seat on January 7, 1818. The county was named for Henry Vanderburgh, a deceased chief judge of the Indiana Territorial Supreme Court. Evansville became a thriving commercial town with a river trade, and the town began to expand outside of its original footprint. Evansville's west side was for many years cut off from the city's main part by Pigeon Creek and the factories that developed along it, making
12932-504: Was due in part to their use of Torbensen internal gear drive rear axles. In 1921, after the death of both Dodge brothers, Graham Brothers started selling 1.5 ton pickups through Dodge dealers. (Dodge did not manufacture trucks at the time). These vehicles had Graham chassis and some Dodge parts. Dodge Brothers bought a controlling interest in Graham Brothers in 1925, picking up the rest in 1926. The city saw exponential growth in
13054-888: Was exceptional, and he was a popular student. He played on the baseball and varsity basketball teams, studied drama, and competed in public speaking through the Indiana High School Forensic Association. After graduating from Fairmount High School in May 1949, he moved back to California to live with his father and stepmother, Ethel Case Dean. Dean enrolled in Santa Monica College and majored in pre-law. He transferred to University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one semester and changed his major to drama. His attempt to reconcile with his father ended with an impasse of "uncommunicative antagonism" caused by Winton's efforts to direct him into
13176-412: Was founded in 1812 and incorporated in 1817. It is situated on an oxbow in the Ohio River , and is often referred to as the "Crescent Valley" or "River City". On March 27, 1812, Hugh McGary Jr. purchased about 441 acres and named it "McGary's Landing". In 1814, to attract more people, McGary renamed his village "Evansville" in honor of Colonel Robert Morgan Evans . Evansville incorporated in 1817 and
13298-643: Was like, 'That's what I want to do,'" Cage said. Robert De Niro cited Dean as one of his acting inspirations in an interview. Leonardo DiCaprio also cited Dean as one of his favorite and most influential actors. When asked about which performances stayed with him the most in an interview, DiCaprio responded, "I remember being incredibly moved by Jimmy Dean, in East of Eden . There was something so raw and powerful about that performance. His vulnerability ... his confusion about his entire history, his identity, his desperation to be loved. That performance just broke my heart." Salman Shah , commonly regarded as one of
13420-479: Was nominated posthumously for the 1956 Academy Awards as Best Actor in a Leading Role of 1955, the first official posthumous acting nomination in Academy Awards history. ( Jeanne Eagels was nominated for Best Actress in 1929, when the rules for selection of the winner were different.) East of Eden was the only film starring Dean released in his lifetime. Dean quickly followed up his role in Eden with
13542-561: Was not acceptable in Italy. In addition, Warner Bros., where he worked, tried to talk him out of marrying and he himself told Angeli that he did not want to get married. Richard Davalos , Dean's East of Eden co-star, claimed that Dean in fact wanted to marry Angeli and was willing to allow their children to be brought up Catholic. An Order for the Solemnization of Marriage pamphlet with the name "Pier" lightly penciled in every place
13664-607: Was one of the world's largest hardwood furniture centers, with 41 factories employing approximately 2,000 workers. Railroads eventually became more important and in 1887 the L&;N Railroad constructed a bridge across the Ohio River. Along with a major rail yard southwest of Evansville in Howell, which was annexed in 1916 and completed the city's counterclockwise march around the horseshoe bend. Throughout this period, Evansville's main ethnic groups consisted of Protestant Scotch-Irish from
13786-555: Was poorly received and closed after only 52 performances. While the play was still running on Broadway, Altman shot a film adaptation that was released by Cinecom Pictures in November 1982. On April 20, 2010, a long "lost" live episode of the General Electric Theater called "The Dark, Dark Hours" featuring Dean in a performance with Ronald Reagan was uncovered by NBC writer Wayne Federman while working on
13908-417: Was quoted by author Paul Donnelley as saying about Dean, "He always had uncertain relations with girlfriends." Pier Angeli talked only once about the relationship in her later life in an interview, giving vivid descriptions of romantic meetings at the beach. Dean biographer John Howlett said these read like wishful fantasies, as Bast claims them to be. After finishing his role for East of Eden , Dean took
14030-459: Was quoted saying about Angeli, "Everything about Pier is beautiful, especially her soul. She doesn't have to be all gussied up. She doesn't have to do or say anything. She's just wonderful as she is. She has a rare insight into life." Those who believed Dean and Angeli were deeply in love claimed that a number of forces led them apart. Angeli's mother disapproved of the fact that he was not a Catholic, and of his casual dress, saying that his behavior
14152-652: Was raised in their Quaker household. Dean's father served in World War II and later remarried. In his adolescence, Dean sought the counsel and friendship of a local Methodist pastor, the Rev. James DeWeerd, who seems to have had a formative influence upon Dean, especially upon his future interests in bullfighting , car racing, and theater. According to Billy J. Harbin, Dean had "an intimate relationship with his pastor, which began in his senior year of high school and endured for many years". An alleged sexual relationship
14274-585: Was revived on Broadway in 1980, directed by Vivian Matalon , featuring a cast including Teresa Wright , Maureen O'Sullivan , Nancy Marchand and Elizabeth Wilson . It was hailed by Harold Clurman "as one of the best American comedies" Morning's at Seven has been presented several times on television, including a version directed by Matalon. In 2002, the Lincoln Center Theater mounted a well-received production with Elizabeth Franz , Frances Sternhagen , Piper Laurie and Estelle Parsons as
14396-752: Was set on January 20, 1985 and December 22, 1989, while, conversely, the record warm minimum of 82 °F (28 °C) was last reached July 8, 1980. In August 2018, the mayor of Evansville sent a letter to the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORVWSO) opposing a proposal to eliminate pollution control standards for the Ohio River. Evansville is located downstream from the river's origin. Sources of pollution that affect water quality include agricultural runoff , raw sewage discharges from combined sewer overflows , and toxic chemicals released by companies with water pollution permits . The state of Indiana issues
14518-574: Was suggested in Paul Alexander's 1994 book Boulevard of Broken Dreams: The Life, Times, and Legend of James Dean . In 2011, it was reported that Dean once confided in Elizabeth Taylor that he was sexually abused by a minister approximately two years after his mother's death. Other reports on Dean's life also suggest that he was sexually abused by DeWeerd either as a child or as a late teenager. Dean's overall performance in school
14640-440: Was very close to his mother. According to Michael DeAngelis, she was "the only person capable of understanding him". In 1938, Dean's mother was suddenly struck with acute stomach pain and quickly began to lose weight. She died of uterine cancer when Dean was nine years old. Unable to care for his son, Dean's father sent him to live with his aunt and uncle, Ortense and Marcus Winslow, on their farm in Fairmount, Indiana , where he
14762-503: Was with Italian actress Pier Angeli . He met Angeli while she was shooting The Silver Chalice (1954) on an adjoining Warner lot, and they exchanged items of jewelry as love tokens. Angeli, during an interview 14 years after their relationship ended, described their times together: We used to go together to the California coast and stay there secretly in a cottage on a beach far away from prying eyes. We'd spend much of our time on
14884-530: Was with him on the day he bought the car he died in. In 1974, a documentary titled James Dean Remembered highlighted significant moments from Dean's career in film and television and featured interviews with notable figures such as Sammy Davis Jr. , Natalie Wood , Sal Mineo , and Leonard Rosenman . In the documentary, Rosenman contended that fans often admired Dean for traits he actually despised in himself, such as his rebellious and eccentric image. He emphasized that, rather than embracing this persona, Dean had
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