Misplaced Pages

#524475

37-696: Other congregations, such as the Barnabites , and the Piarists , were established under the patronage of Paul the Apostle . The Order of Minims (or Paulaner Order) was founded by Francis of Paola . Congregations divided according to gender. Male and female congregations each had distinct characteristics. This monastic Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit was founded in 1215 in Hungary. The founder

74-597: A leper hospital, and a formation house for candidates wishing to belong to the Congregation. They settled in England in 1847 at the invitation of Nicholas Wiseman . In 1907, they had fifty-six houses in various towns; their work in England was mainly educational, schools were attached to all their houses. Until 1902, they had over two hundred and fifty houses in France where, besides schools, they undertook asylums for

111-758: A religious order of clerics regular founded in 1530 in the Catholic Church . They are associated with the Angelic Sisters of Saint Paul and the members of the Barnabite lay movement. Second in seniority of the orders of regular clerics (the Theatines being first), the Barnabites were founded in Milan, by Anthony Mary Zaccaria , Barthélemy Ferrari, and Jacopo Antonio Morigia . The region

148-713: A house in the St. Maurice suburbs, an ecclesiastical superior in the person of Marechaux, and a name, that of the Apostle Paul who was to be their patron and model. From the time of its birth, one foundation followed another in rapid succession. One of their houses in Chartres formerly belonged to a sabot-maker, and this gave them the name of " Les Soeurs Sabotiers ", by which they were originally known. There were no lay-sisters. Every sister must be prepared to undertake any kind of work. The postulancy lasts from six to nine months,

185-481: A member of the first community of three Sisters, prepared her companions for their mission: to instruct the daughters of farm laborers, to teach poor village girls, to visit the poor and the sick and to serve in the hospitals in small communities of two or three sisters. As early as 1708, Chauvet entrusted the growing community of the School Sisters to Paul Godet des Marais , Bishop of Chartres . Godet provided

222-779: Is an updated version dated 1983, which takes into account the changes from the Second Vatican Council . There is a female branch of Religious Sisters , the Angelic Sisters of St. Paul, found by Anthony Mary Zaccaria, and an organization for lay people, the Laity of St. Paul, originally called the Married of St. Paul and sometimes referred to in North America as the Oblates of St. Paul. As of July 24, 2012,

259-498: Is to enable blind women to lead a religious life, and to facilitate the training of blind children in useful occupations. A home was established for blind women and girls with defective sight. The Sisters were formerly known as "Daughters of the School." In 1696, the congregation was founded by Louis Chauvet, parish priest of Levesville-la-Chenard, a village in the region of Beauce, some 60 miles southeast of Paris. Marie Anne de Tilly,

296-542: The Declaratio condemning Fénelon 's Maximes des saints (1697). He then wrote (1698) several ordonnances, or pastoral letters, against the mysticism of Molinos , Fénelon, and Mme Guyon. He also did much to destroy Jansenism in France, refuted the cas de conscience (1703), commanded obedience to the papal constitution of Pope Clement XI (1705), and severely censured Gaspard Juénin's Institutions théologiques (1708). A classmate of Jean-Baptiste de La Salle at

333-726: The Venerable Karl Schilling , the only post- Reformation Norwegian to be officially considered for sainthood, and the Italian physician and priest Vittorio De Marino . Vincenzo Sangermano was a Barnabite who was a missionary in Burma and wrote several books about the Burmese people . Several members of the Order became cardinals . The first was Giacomo Antonio Morigia , Archbishop of Florence (1683–1699), one of

370-569: The doctorate of theology at the Sorbonne , was ordained, and became (1677) superior of the Séminaire des Trente-Trois . He preached missions in various parts of France. In 1690 Louis XIV nominated him to the see of Chartres , but owing to difficulties between France and the Holy see the papal confirmation came only on 21 January 1692. On his promotion to the episcopacy he gave all his revenue to

407-580: The novitiate two years, after which the sisters take vows annually for five years, and then perpetual vows. The congregation was dispersed under the Commune at the French Revolution , but it was restored by Napoleon I . He gave the sisters a monastery at Chartres, which originally belonged to the Jacobins, from which they became known as " Les Soeurs de St. Jacques ". After its revival

SECTION 10

#1732772065525

444-485: The public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " Paulists ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Gino Todisco (1983), Note e ricerche su Abel-François Villemain , Cassino , Frosinone : S. Benedetto. Barnabites The Barnabites ( Latin : Barnabitum ), officially named as the Clerics Regular of Saint Paul ( Latin : Clerici Regulares Sancti Pauli ), are

481-824: The Evangelist . Legend says the icon was brought to Poland by Prince Ladislaus from a castle at Beiz, Russia. He invited the monks to come from Hungary into Poland. The monks established a shrine for the image in the town of Częstochowa . Today this shrine is the motherhouse of the order, and is also the largest monastery, with over 100 monks. About 500 members of the order remain. Most of the order's monasteries are located in Poland. Other monasteries and shrines survive in Germany, Slovakia, Croatia, Ukraine, Belarus, Hungary, Italy, United States of America and South Africa. They are also called Brothers of Death. Controversy swirls around

518-574: The French colonies, six hospitals and 39 schools in the Philippines , and three educational houses and Saint Louis Hospital in Thailand . Guided by the motto of the congregation, Caritas Christi Urget Nos (The Charity of Christ Urges Us), at present, some 4000 Sisters of Saint Paul of Chartres work in 34 countries. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in

555-539: The Order make, in addition to the three standard religious vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience , a fourth vow never to strive for any office or position of dignity, or to accept such otherwise than under a command of the Holy See. The focus of the goals of the Barnabite Order, besides preaching in general, catechizing, hearing confessions , giving missions, ministrations in hospitals and prisons, and

592-549: The Seminary of Saint-Sulpice, in 1699 he invited de La Salle to establish schools in his diocese. He supported the Brothers as long as he lived, doing whatever he could to make their life more bearable and their work more productive and appreciated. In 1708 the small community of sisters, founded by Father Louis Chauvet, was entrusted to him. The bishop gave them a small house and the name Sisters of Saint Paul of Chartres with

629-482: The blind, the aged, and the insane, hospitals, dispensaries and crèches. More than one hundred and sixty of these schools were later closed because of the laicist policy of the Waldeck-Rousseau government and succeeding governments in France, as were thirty of the hospitals, military and civil, in the French colonies, three convents at Blois and a hospice at Brie . They opened five or six hospitals in

666-590: The commission which wrote the Constitutions of the Order. The General Chapters of the Order were regularly held at Milan until the reign of Pope Alexander VII (1655–67), who ordered them to convene in Rome. Pope Innocent XI (1676–89), however, finally decreed that they should be held in Rome and Milan alternately. These assemblies of the Provincial Superiors were held every three years for

703-525: The congregation numbered 1200 sisters and over 100 houses in England, Guadeloupe , Martinique , French Guiana , Korea , China , Japan , Further India , the Philippines , etc. In China, a novitiate was established for native subjects; and in Hong Kong , a school for European children, along with various benevolent institutions. In the Philippines, schools, hospitals, pastoral centers including and

740-408: The dead; and those outside the city, which were separate cells in which solitaries lived. The community assembled weekly for choir and monthly to confess their sins. Severe fasts and disciplines were prescribed. The name Brothers of Death originated from the fact that the thought of death was constantly before the followers. At their profession the prayers for the dead were recited; their scapular bore

777-470: The education of youth, includes also a particular devotion to the thorough study and exposition of St. Paul's Epistles . Their habit is the black soutane which formed the usual garb of Milanese secular priests in the time of Borromeo. He himself was not a member but is venerated by the Barnabites as a secondary patron saint of their Order. The first missions undertaken by the Order were in Italy, France,

SECTION 20

#1732772065525

814-495: The election of a new Superior General , whose term of office was limited to that period, only one re-election being allowed to each incumbent of the office. The Society started pastoral activity among the working classes and in monasteries. In the early 17th century, the Barnabites gradually entered the field of education – work which was to remain a mark of their apostolate. They entered France under Henry IV in 1608, and Austria under Ferdinand II in 1626. The present Constitution

851-762: The former Duchy of Savoy , Austria and Bohemia . In the 18th century, they started missions in China and Brazil. Today, they serve in 15 countries. Until 2021 they were active in Afghanistan, where they had run the Afghan Catholic Mission since 1933, interrupted only while the Taliban regime was in power. Three Barnabites are counted among the canonized saints : Anthony Maria Zaccaria , Alexander Sauli , and Francis Bianchi , while some others are being investigated for possible canonization, including

888-625: The founders of the Barnabites, who was raised to the cardinalate on 12 December 1695 by Pope Innocent XII , though his appointment was kept secret ( in pectore reservatus ) until 19 December 1698. Hyacinthe Sigismond Gerdil , a Consultor of the Roman Inquisition, and former preceptor (supervising teacher), from 1758, of the Prince of Piedmont , afterwards King Charles Emmanuel IV , and then, in 1768, of Charles Emmanuel's sons,

925-462: The leadership of other nearby hermits. Later, a community of hermits of the Sierra de Ossa , left without a superior, prevailed on Mendo Gomez to unite the two communities under the patronage of Paul of Thebes , the first recognized hermit. At the chapter held after the death of the founder (24 January 1481), constitutions were drawn up, later approved, with alterations, by Gregory XIII in 1578, at

962-613: The name of "Regular Clerics of St. Paul" (Clerici Regulares Sancti Pauli). In 1538 the grand old monastery of Saint Barnabas by the city wall of Milan was given to the congregation as their main seat, and thenceforth they were known by the popular name of Barnabites . After the death of Zaccaria in 1539, the congregation was favoured and protected by Archbishop Charles Borromeo of Milan and later by Francis de Sales because of their successful missionary work in Upper Italy. Charles Borromeo presided, in 1579, as Cardinal Protector, over

999-499: The new Superior General is a Brazilian , the Very Rev. Francisco Chagas Santos da Silva. As indicated by the official name of the order, the work of the Barnabites is inspired by St. Paul the Apostle . In an address in 2000, to the institute's General Chapter, Pope John Paul II noted, "[I]n pointing out the ideal of religious and apostolic life to his spiritual sons, St Anthony Mary Zaccaria emphasized charity." The members of

1036-421: The origin of this congregation, but it was probably founded about 1620 by Guillaume Callier, whose constitutions for it were approved by Pope Paul V (18 December 1620) and later by King Louis XIII of France (May, 1621). The two classes of monasteries were those in the cities, obliged to maintain at least twelve members, who visited the poor, the sick, and prisoners, attended those condemned to death, and buried

1073-586: The poor. Godet des Marais was spiritual director of Mme de Maintenon , for whom he wrote Lettres de direction . She had established the Maison royale de Saint-Louis , a boarding school at Saint-Cyr , for the daughters of nobles killed in the king's wars who had no dowry. The Congregation of the Mission became responsible for attending to the spiritual needs of Saint-Cyr under a contract drawn by Godet, in whose diocese it lay. He became chaplain at Saint-Cyr, which

1110-581: The request of Cardinal Henry of Portugal, who obtained the privilege of adopting the Rule of St. Augustine . This congregation was later suppressed. Probably the most celebrated member was Antonius a Matre Dei, author of Apis Libani , a commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon. The Blind Sisters were founded in Paris in 1852, by Abel-François Villemain (d. 1870), Anne Bergunion (d. 1863), and Jugé. Its mission

1147-523: The skull; their salutation was Memento mori 'remember you're to die'; the death's head was set before them at table and in their cells. This congregation was suppressed by Urban VIII in 1633. Among the conflicting accounts of the foundation of this congregation, the most credible is that it was established about 1420 by Mendo Gomez, a nobleman of Simbria, who resigned military laurels to retire in solitude near Setúbal , where he built an oratory and gave himself up to prayer and penance, gradually assuming

Paulists - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-530: The status of a Religious Order , but it is still normally referred to as a congregation . Both the date and the vocation place it among the Orders associated with the Counter-Reformation . Zaccaria's holiness moved many to reform their lives but it also moved many to oppose him. Twice his community had to undergo an official religious investigation, and twice it was exonerated. The order was given

1221-505: Was Eusebius of Esztergom , who united the hermits of Hungary in monasteries under the patronage of Paul the Hermit. The order spread throughout Hungary and then into Croatia, Germany, Poland, Austria and Bohemia. At one time, over 5000 Pauline monks lived in Hungary alone. A significant event in the order's history took place in 1382 when it became the custodian of the miraculous picture of The Black Madonna , believed to be painted by Luke

1258-543: Was in his diocese. The agreement also provided that the Vincentians conduct missions on lands belonging to the Abbey of Saint-Denis. Godet was an ardent defender of orthodox doctrine, especially against Quietism and other exaggerated approaches to spirituality that were current at the time. He used his influence to have Mme Guyon removed from Saint-Cyr . He signed with Cardinal Louis-Antoine de Noailles and Bossuet

1295-765: Was named a cardinal in secret ( in pectore ) on 23 June 1777, and announced publicly on 15 December 1777. Luigi Bilio (1826–1884), a Consultor of the Congregation of the Inquisition and collaborator in the production of the " Syllabus of Errors " (1864), was appointed a cardinal on 25 June 1866 by Pope Pius IX , and named Secretary of the Congregation of the Inquisition by Pope Leo XIII in 1883. Others were: Francesco Fontana , appointed in 1816 by Pope Pius VII ; Luigi Lambruschini , appointed in 1831 by Pope Gregory XVI ; Antonio Cadolini , appointed in 1843 by Gregory XVI; and Giuseppe Maria Graniello , appointed in 1893 by Pope Leo XIII . John Bellarini (1552–1630), who

1332-559: Was the Visitor of the Order, and twice held the office of Assistant Superior General, was also a theologian who wrote a number of works including an influential commentary on the Council of Trent . Paul Godet des Marais Paul Godet des Marais (1647–1709) was a French Bishop of Chartres , and served as spiritual director for Mme de Maintenon . Marais was born at Talcy , near Blois . He studied at Saint-Sulpice , took

1369-566: Was then suffering severely from the wars between Charles V and Francis I, and Zaccaria saw the need for radical reform of the Church in Lombardy, afflicted by problems typical for that era: dioceses without a bishop, clergy with inadequate theological training, a decrease in religious practice, and monasteries and convents in decline. It was approved by Pope Clement VII in the brief Vota per quae vos on 18 February 1533. Later approvals gave it

#524475