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23-412: The monastery was founded by Pavel of Obnora . Pavel was looking for a remote place, and the area in the 15th century was covered by dense forests. The rules of the monastery, established by Pavel, were very strict by Russian standards. The first hegumen of the monastery was Alexios, a disciple of Pavel, and Pavel himself never took any formal role in the monastery. Some of the icons by Dionisius , one of

46-411: A crutch , but a walking cane is not designed for full weight support but used to help with balance. The walking stick has also historically been known to be used as a self-defense weapon , and may conceal a sword or knife. Hikers use walking sticks, also known as trekking poles , pilgrim's staffs , hiking poles, or hiking sticks, for a wide variety of purposes: as a support when going uphill or as

69-418: A walking cane , cane , walking staff , or staff ) is a device used primarily to aid walking , provide postural stability or support, or assist in maintaining a good posture . Some designs also serve as a fashion accessory , or are used for self-defense . Walking sticks come in many shapes and sizes and some have become collector's items . People with disabilities may use some kinds of walking sticks as

92-499: A French lady admirer when he was ambassador to France. Franklin wrote a codicil to his Will in 1789 bequeathing it to George Washington . It is now in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution . For use as a walking aid, it is usually recommended that the length of the stick should be such that the top of the handle reaches the wrist joint when standing up with arms hanging, wearing the footwear to be used with

115-465: A bishop; a hegumen does not (however, in the Russian tradition, a bishop may grant an hegumen the privilege of wearing the mitre as an ecclesiastical award). A hegumen may carry his pastoral staff in processions and when giving blessings in the church (though it is never carried into the sanctuary), although it usually stands upright next to his kathisma (monastic choir stall). When outside the church,

138-698: A brake when going downhill; as a balance point when crossing streams, swamps, or other rough terrain; to feel for obstacles in the path; to test mud and water for depth; to enhance the cadence of striding, and as a defence against animals. An alpenstock , from its origins in mountaineering in the Alps , is equipped with a steel point and may carry a hook or ice axe on top. More ornate sticks may be adorned with small trinkets or medallions depicting visited territory. Wooden walking-sticks are used for outdoor sports, healthy upper-body exercise, and even club, department, and family memorials. They can be individually handcrafted from

161-427: A cane frequently. Some canes, known as "tippling canes" or "tipplers", have hollowed-out compartments near the top where flasks or vials of an alcoholic beverage can be hidden and sprung out on demand. When used as a mobility or stability aid, canes are generally used in the hand opposite the injury or weakness, allowing the cane to be used for stability in a way that lets the user shift much of their weight onto

184-600: A chapel. The monastery was abolished in 1924. The buildings were used to host a school, an orphanage, and a sanatorium . It was reestablished in 1994 as a metochion of the Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery . In 2003, the Pavlo-Obnorsky Monastery became an independent entity. The ensemble of the monastery was pretty much neglected after the monastery was abolished in 1926. The restoration works started in 1990s. The ensemble consists of and

207-531: A hegumen may use a wooden walking stick similar to that used by a bishop or archimandrite, only not adorned with a silver knob. In the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria , the rank is used in the capacity of an archpriest and actually is one. The name in the Arabic is kommos (قمص); this honorary title is granted to both married priests and hieromonks without distinction and is not used in

230-536: A life free from fashionable nonsense, owned eighty sticks. Rousseau , a poor man and the apostle of the simple life, owned forty. Count Brühl , creator of the famous Brühl Terrace at Dresden, owned three hundred canes, each with a snuff-box to match, one for each of his three hundred suits. The fashion spread across the Atlantic to America. Benjamin Franklin had received as a gift a gold-headed walking stick from

253-616: A number of woods and may be personalised with wood carving or metal engraving plaques. A collector of walking sticks is termed a rabologist. Around the 17th or 18th century, a walking stick became an essential part of the European gentleman's wardrobe . The fashion may have originated with Louis XIV , who favored a walking stick, possibly because he wore high heels. As a curator of the Detroit Institute of Arts wrote about elaborate walking sticks in their collection: There

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276-412: Is awarded the gold pectoral cross by the bishop, as for an archpriest . During divine services, the hegumen wears a simple black monastic mantle , while the higher ranking archimandrite wears a mantle similar to one worn by a bishop (though without the white "rivers" along the sides, and decorated with unadorned "tablets" at the neck and feet). An archimandrite also wears a mitre similar to one worn by

299-451: The Coptic Orthodox Church , similar to the title of abbot . The head of a convent of nuns is called a hegumenia or igumeni ( Greek : ἡγουμένη ). The term means "the one who is in charge", "the leader" in Greek. Initially, the title was applied to the head of any monastery. After 1874, when the Russian monasteries were reformed and classified into three classes, the title of hegumen

322-582: The Tipstaff , Gold Stick and Silver Stick . In North America, a walking cane is a walking stick curved down at the top, not usually actually made of cane but of materials including wood, metal or carbon fiber. In modern times, walking sticks are usually only seen with formal attire. Retractable canes that reveal such properties as hidden compartments, pool sticks, or blades are popular among collectors. Handles have been made from many substances, both natural and manmade. Carved and decorated canes have turned

345-553: The cane and away from their weaker side as they walk. Due to personal preference or a need to use the dominant hand some cane users hold the cane on their injured side. In the U.S. Congress in 1856, Charles Sumner of Massachusetts criticized Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois and Andrew Butler of South Carolina for the Kansas–Nebraska Act . When a relative of Andrew Butler, Preston Brooks , heard of it, he felt that Sumner's behavior demanded retaliation, and beat him senseless on

368-456: The capacity of an Abbot, although the monasteries' abbots used to be Hegumen until the beginning of the 20th century, but by the mid century, the Church of Alexandria started to appoint Bishops in the capacity of Abbots . On the other hand, the rank of archimandrite fell into disuse in the Church of Alexandria from the late 16th century. Walking stick A walking stick (also known as

391-496: The cells. The Trinity Church, built between 1505 and 1516, has been demolished. The ensemble of the monastery, as well as separate buildings, are protected as cultural monuments of local significance. Hegumen Hegumen , hegumenos , or igumen ( Greek : ἡγούμενος , trans . hēgoúmenos ), is the title for the head of a monastery in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches , or an archpriest in

414-463: The functional into the fantastic. The idea of a fancy cane as a fashion accessory to go with top hat and tails has been popularized in many song-and-dance acts, especially by Fred Astaire in several of his films and songs such as Top Hat, White Tie and Tails and Puttin' On the Ritz , where he exhorts, "Come, let's mix where Rockefellers walk with sticks or umbrellas in their mitts." He danced with

437-531: The most famous Russian icon painters, were made in the monastery and have been preserved in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. In 1538, the monastery was destroyed by Tatars. It was rebuilt, and the existing ensemble of the monastery was formed in the 16th-18th centuries. The idea was to build an image of New Jerusalem . To this end, two artificial hills were erected, one with a church and another one with

460-551: The stick. Sticks are rated according to the weight they can bear; this is not just a matter of the weight of the user, but depends upon whether the stick is used for light balance and support, or with a great deal of weight placed on the stick. Canes made of carbon fiber or aluminum are stronger than those of the same weight and made of other materials such as hardwood. Various staffs of office derived from walking sticks or staffs are used by both western and eastern Christian churches, and for ceremonial purposes, as by Black Rod ,

483-471: The title of Hegumen may be granted as an honorary title to any hieromonk , even one who does not head a monastery. A ruling hegumen is formally installed in a ceremony by the bishop, during which he is presented with his pastoral staff (Greek: paterissa , Slavonic: палица, palitza ). Among the Russians, the pastoral staff for a Hegumen tends to be of wood (usually ebony), rather than metal. The hegumen

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506-488: Was almost no limit to the sums which people were then willing to spend upon them. Louis XIV had a stick whose eagle knob was set with twenty-four diamonds. The Regent of France , one of the outstanding rakes of the century, had a huge and famous diamond called "the Regent" set as the head of a walking stick. People of fashion spent as much as forty thousand francs a year on walking sticks. Voltaire , who considered that he lived

529-551: Was reserved only for the lowest, third class. The head of a monastery of the second or first class holds the rank of archimandrite . In the Greek Catholic Church , the head of all monasteries in a certain territory is called the protohegumen . The duties of both hegumen and archimandrite are the same, archimandrite being considered the senior dignity of the two. In the Russian Orthodox Church ,

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