Misplaced Pages

#471528

56-604: The Athens pawpaw festival has been sponsored by the Ohio Pawpaw Growers' Association and various local organizations takes place near Lake Snowden , in Albany, Ohio , in mid-September, which is generally about the peak of the fruit's harvest. Various pawpaw-based treats including brews and other more-or-less pawpaw-related activities are offered. The first Athens Pawpaw Festival took place on October 10, 1999. In 1996, Chris Chmiel founded Integration Acres and, in 1999,

112-404: A bearing surface that allows the user to store energy during the throw. It may consist of a shaft with a cup or a spur at the end that supports and propels the butt of the spear. It's usually about as long as the user's arm or forearm. The user holds the spear-thrower in one hand, gripping near the end farthest from the cup. The user puts the butt end of the spear, or dart, in the cup, or grabs

168-531: A branch) remain in museum collections and private collections, one having sold at auction for more than $ 100,000. In September 1997, an atlatl dart fragment, carbon dated to 4360 ± 50 C yr BP (TO 6870), was found in an ice patch on mountain Thandlät , the first of the southern Yukon Ice Patches to be studied. The people of New Guinea and Aboriginal people in Australia also use spear-throwers. In

224-410: A centered hole in a symmetrically shaped carved or ground stone, shaped wide and flat with a drilled hole and thus a little like a large wingnut , are an improvement to the design that created a silencing effect when swung. The use of the device would reduce the telltale "zip" of a swung atlatl to a more subtle "woof" sound that did not travel as far and was less likely to alert prey. Robert Berg's theory

280-575: A fish hatchery at Lake Snowden that furthers local fish management and aquaculture. Hocking college also assists the Division of Wildlife in installing deep water fish structures, monitoring fish populations, and monitoring water quality. Lake Snowden offers a wide range of outdoor recreation with a grass and sand beach, swimming area and adjacent fields. Horseback riding and boating are popular, with 12.5 miles of horse trails and several types of rentable watercraft. There are 125 camp sites in four areas of

336-675: A food editor for the Columbus Dispatch. This pattern continued with more judges to attend and participate in the festivities. Then in 2002 the Director of the Ohio Department of Agriculture , Suzanne Martinson attended. Also in attendance were a food writer from Cleveland and from the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 2004 had a special guest appearance from Ohio State House Representative Jimmy Stewart who

392-414: A handful of other states list the device as legal for rough fish (those not sought for sport or food), some game birds and non-game mammals. Starting in 2007, Missouri allowed use of the atlatl for hunting wildlife (excluding deer and turkey), and starting in 2010, also allowed deer hunting during the firearms portion of the deer season (except the muzzleloader portion). Starting in 2012, Missouri allowed

448-412: A hole drilled through them. When first found in the nineteenth century, they were interpreted by French archaeologists to be symbols of authority, like a modern field marshal 's baton, and so named bâtons de commandement ("batons of command"). Though debate over their function continues, tests with replicas have found them effective aids to spear or dart throwing when used with a cord,. Another theory

504-455: A particular spear thrower tend to differ in mass by only a few percent. By the Iron Age, the amentum , a strap attached to the shaft, was the standard European mechanism for throwing lighter javelins. The amentum gives not only range, but also spin to the projectile. The spear-thrower was used by early Americans as well. It may have been introduced to America during the immigration across

560-481: A two-meter long wooden cane with a stone or long and serrated hard-wood point, sometimes tipped with poison. Equipped with their uniquely grooved atlatl, they could hurl their long darts from a great distance with accuracy, speed, and such deadly force that these easily pierced through the protective armor of the Portuguese or any other enemy. The spear-thrower was an important part of life, hunting, and religion in

616-580: A utensil for chopping game. This tool is usually 60 cm (24 in) long and 12 cm (4.7 in) wide, and comes in a concave, elliptical shape. Several Stone Age spear-throwers (usually now incomplete) are decorated with carvings of animals: the British Museum has one decorated with a mammoth , and there is one decorated with a hyena in France. Many pieces of decorated bone may have belonged to bâtons de commandement . The Aztec atlatl

SECTION 10

#1732802309472

672-400: Is a 17,500-year-old Solutrean atlatl made of reindeer antler, found at Combe Saunière (Dordogne), France. It is possible that the atlatl was invented earlier than this, as Mungo Man from 42,000 BP displays arthritis in his right elbow, a pathology referred to today as the "Atlatl elbow," resulting from many years of forceful torsion from using an atlatl. At present, there is no evidence for

728-530: Is a 675 acre education and recreation park in southeast Ohio , United States. It is 6 miles southwest of Athens and 1 mile northeast of Albany. Lake Snowden is the largest of four lakes which form the Margaret Creek Conservancy District, covering about 136 acres with a maximum lake depth of 42 feet. The lake provides flood control, water supply, recreational activities, festivals and natural wildlife. Lake Snowden

784-587: Is a good place to experience the music that is offered from the Athens County region. In addition to music, there are also a variety of cultural and historical demonstrations. The East of the River Shawnee Tribe shares traditional culture and there is an atlatl competition as well as a 1790s frontier camp. Local food and cottage goods vendors set up a wide variety of stands to create a vibrant marketplace. Lake Snowden Lake Snowden

840-584: Is also known from Moche culture , including detailed representations on painted pottery, and in representations on textiles of the Wari culture . The Andean estólica had a wooden body with a hook that was made of stone or metal. These hooks have been found at multiple highland sites including Cerro Baúl , a site of the Wari culture. In the Andes, the tips of darts were often capped with metal. Arrow points commonly had

896-644: Is believed to have been in use by Homo sapiens since the Upper Paleolithic (around 30,000 years ago). Most stratified European finds come from the Magdalenian (late upper Palaeolithic). In this period, elaborate pieces, often in the form of animals, are common. The earliest reliable data concerning atlatls have come from several caves in France dating to the Upper Paleolithic, about 21,000 to 17,000 years ago. The earliest known example

952-479: Is held at Lake Snowden around the third weekend of September each year, for the local pawpaw tree fruits. The pawpaw is North America's largest native tree fruit which grows particularly well in Southern Ohio. Some popular events at the festival include the pawpaw cook off, the best pawpaw competition, and the pawpaw eating contest. Several Ohio breweries provide a unique beer brewed with the fruit's pulp at

1008-530: Is host to a wide variety of local and regional musical acts. The music begins with the festival on Friday afternoon and runs until midnight, followed by music all day Saturday and until the afternoon on Sunday. In 2011, the Pawpaw Festival introduced the Beer Stage, a secondary stage located near the beer tent which hosts smaller acts for shorter sets. According to "The Athens News" the Pawpaw Festival

1064-518: Is often used for revived uses of spear-throwers (or the Mayan word hul'che ); in Australia, the Dharug word woomera is used instead. The ancient Greeks and Romans used a leather thong or loop, known as an ankule or amentum , as a spear-throwing device. The Swiss arrow is a weapon that works similarly to amentum. Spear-thrower designs may include improvements such as thong loops to fit

1120-833: Is still used today by some Aboriginal people for hunting in Australia . Yup'ik Eskimo hunters still use the atlatl, known locally as "nuqaq" (nook-ak), in villages near the mouth of the Yukon River for seal hunting. There are numerous atlatl competitions held every year, with spears and spear-throwers built using both ancient and modern materials. Events are often held at parks, such as Letchworth State Park in New York, Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site in Illinois, or Valley of Fire State Park in Nevada. Atlatl associations around

1176-538: Is that the bannerstone was carried by hunters as a spindle weight to produce string from natural fibers gathered while hunting, for the purpose of tying on fletching and hafting stone or bone points. The woomera or ‘miru’, allow hunters to apply more force, speed and distance when launching their spears. A woomera is usually made from Mulga wood, and serves many other purposes such as a: receptacle for mixing ochre for traditional paintings for ceremonies, deflection tool of enemies’ spears in battle, fire making saw, or

SECTION 20

#1732802309472

1232-426: Is that they were "arrow-straighteners". Bian Jian ( Chinese : 鞭箭 , lit. 'Whip arrow') is a unique spear-thrower that was used during Song period. It can be described as a long staff sling that throws a spear-sized dart instead of a rock-like projectile. It requires two operators unlike other spear-throwers. It should not be confused with another Bian Jian ( 邊箭 ). In modern times, some people have resurrected

1288-667: The Bering Land Bridge , and despite the later introduction of the bow and arrow , atlatl use was widespread at the time of first European contact. Atlatls are represented in the art of multiple pre-Columbian cultures, including the Basketmaker culture in the American Southwest, Maya in the Yucatán Peninsula, and Moche in the Andes of South America. Atlatls were especially prominent in

1344-664: The Ohio Pawpaw Festival , or at the Bois D'Arc Primitive Skills Gathering and Knap-in, held every September in southern Missouri. Atlatl events commonly include the International Standard Accuracy Competition (ISAC), in which contestants throw ten times at a bull's-eye target. Other contests involving different distances or terrain may also be included, usually testing the atlatlist's accuracy rather than distance throwing. In

1400-562: The University of Vermont . Atlatls are sometimes used in modern times for hunting. In the U.S., the Pennsylvania Game Commission has given preliminary approval for legalization of the atlatl for hunting certain animals. The animals that would be allowed to atlatl hunters have yet to be determined, but particular consideration has been given to deer. Currently, Alabama allows the atlatl for deer hunting, while

1456-600: The Aztec atlatl were not powerful enough to penetrate Spanish steel plate armor, but they were strong enough to penetrate the mail , leather and cotton armor that most Spanish soldiers wore. Whittaker said the Aztecs started their battles with atlatl darts followed with melee combat using the macuahuitl . Another type of Stone Age artefact that is sometimes excavated is the bâton de commandement . These are shorter, normally less than one foot long, and made of antler, with

1512-458: The Chicama valley. At her feet was a group of twenty-three atlatls with handle pieces that depicted birds. These “theatrical” estòlicas are different from normal weapons. They are much longer (80–100 cm) than the regular examples (50–60 cm). Archeologists John Whittaker and Kathryn Kamp, both faculty from Grinnell College , speculate that they might have been part of a ceremony before

1568-539: The Ohio Department of Natural Resources, the lake is one of the finest catfish lakes in southern Ohio with excellent largemouth bass catch rates. Atlatl A spear-thrower , spear-throwing lever , or atlatl ( pronounced / ˈ æ t l æ t əl / or / ˈ ɑː t l ɑː t əl / ; Nahuatl ahtlatl [ˈaʔt͡ɬat͡ɬ] ) is a tool that uses leverage to achieve greater velocity in dart or javelin -throwing, and includes

1624-656: The Ohio Pawpaw Growers Association took place. In 2006, the Pawpaw Festival saw a great change, as the sponsor was that of Snowville Creamery. Memorable events included the Pawpaw Green Woman logo and the fifteen kegs of pawpaw beer. In 2007, the sponsor of the festival was Ohio's Hill Country Heritage Area program and included live musical band performances, with audio CDs. In 2008, the Pawpaw festival made itself more accessible, with

1680-619: The ancient Andes . The earliest known spear-thrower of the South Americas had a proximal handle piece and is commonly referred to as an estólica in Spanish references to indigenous Andean culture . Estólica and atlatl are therefore synonymous terms. The estólica is best known archaeologically from Nazca culture and the Inca civilization , but the earliest examples are known from associations with Chinchorro mummies . The estólica

1736-471: The assistance of the Office of Sustainability, by offering a shuttle service for those college students that wanted to attend. In 2009, the festival increased in attendance thanks to the appearance of various officials. The pawpaw became the official state native fruit of Ohio. This year eighteen kegs of pawpaw beer were consumed becoming the most consumed to date. 2010 brought about a longer festival wherein

Pawpaw Festival - Misplaced Pages Continue

1792-579: The beer garden. The wildlife includes whitetail deer, Canada geese, many duck species, beaver, mink, fox, raccoon, squirrel, rabbit and wild turkey. Birdwatching is popular: migrating waterfowl such as canvasback, common goldeneye or ringneck duck can be seen. Bluebirds, song sparrows and northern harrier are also common species to the area. The primary sport fish species managed are channel catfish , bluegill , redear sunfish , largemouth bass and saugeye . Saugeye are stocked every year and channel catfish yearlings are stocked every other year. According to

1848-474: The best pawpaw, best pawpaw-related work of art, the pawpaw cook-off, and the pawpaw-eating contest. One can also partake in the other entertainment options such as: the Kids Central, with various hands-on activities and a variety of activities that focus upon pawpaw growing, cooking, genetics, medical use and other topics related to sustainability of the pawpaw environment. Each year, the Pawpaw Festival

1904-604: The bow and arrow and used it not only in combat but also in sports competitions. Such was the case with the Tarairiú , a Tapuya tribe of migratory foragers and raiders inhabiting the forested mountains and highland savannahs of Rio Grande do Norte in mid-17th-century Brazil. Anthropologist Harald Prins offers the following description: The atlatl, as used by these Tarairiu warriors, was unique in shape. About 88 cm (35 in) long and 3 to 4.5 cm ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 to 1 + 3 ⁄ 4  in) wide, this spear thrower

1960-545: The burial or symbolic references to indicate that the royal woman in the burial had been a warrior. Estólicas are depicted along with maces, clubs, and shields on Moche vessels that illustrate warfare. The atlatl appears in the artwork of Chavín de Huantar , such as on the Black and White Portal. Among the Tlingit of Southeast Alaska, approximately one dozen old elaborately carved specimens they call "shee áan" (sitting on

2016-655: The dart thrower for sports , often using the term atlatl, throwing either for distance and/or for accuracy. The World Atlatl Association was formed in 1987 to promote the atlatl. Throws of almost 260 m (850 ft) have been recorded. Colleges reported to field teams in this event include Grinnell College in Iowa , Franklin Pierce University in New Hampshire , Alfred University in New York , and

2072-503: The festival needed to find a way in which they could increase their presence within the area. One method would be through the attendance of officials to validate the success of the festival. The first festival brought in individuals from Better Homes and Garden ; along with The Washington Post and the Athens County Convention and Visitors Bureau. The following year, judges for the festival included Sue Dawson and

2128-433: The fingers, the use of flexible shafts or stone balance weights. Dart shafts can be made thinner and highly flexible for added power and range, the fletching can be spiralized to add spin to the dart making it more stable and accurate. Darts resemble large arrows or small spears and are typically from 1.2 to 2.7 m (4 to 9 ft) in length and 9 to 16 mm (3/8" to 5/8") in diameter. Another important improvement to

2184-608: The iconography of the warriors of the Teotihuacan culture of Central Mexico. A ruler from Teotihuacan named Spearthrower Owl is an important figure described in Mayan stelae . Complete wooden spear-throwers have been found on dry sites in the western United States and in waterlogged environments in Florida and Washington . Several Amazonian tribes also used the atlatl for fishing and hunting. Some even preferred this weapon over

2240-432: The mid Holocene , Aboriginal people in Australia developed spear-throwers, known as woomeras . As well as its practical use as a hunting weapon, it may also have had social effects. John Whittaker suggests the device was a social equalizer in that it requires skill rather than muscle power alone. Thus, women and children would have been able to participate in hunting. Whittaker said the stone-tipped projectiles from

2296-475: The organization began promoting the Pawpaw. In 1999, Chmiel, along with Integration Acres, created the first annual Pawpaw Festival. In 2000, Chris worked again with the Albany Riding Club and to bring about another festival on September 16. By this time the festival gained some popularity. In 2001, the festival moved to Lake Snowden , the present day location of the festival. Moreover, the birth of

Pawpaw Festival - Misplaced Pages Continue

2352-455: The park: The Locust Grove, Big Oak camp, Hickory Camp, and Hilltop Camp. The park also has two shelter houses with seating for 75 each for picnicking. The Ohio Department of Natural Resources orders Lake Snowden to be a "no wake" lake or idle only lake in order to keep the lake's natural beauty and reduce erosion caused by large waves. A boat launching ramp is located on the south side of the lake, near State Route 50. The Ohio Pawpaw Festival

2408-479: The previous one- and two-day festival periods were increased to three days instead. Most recently in 2011, the 13th annual Pawpaw Festival, it continues to run as a three-day-long event. Also, the 13th annual festival was sponsored by the Ohio's Hill Country Heritage Area program once again. Initially, the Pawpaw Festival, as all things starting out, had not gained enough popularity with the surrounding region. Therefore,

2464-509: The same appearance as these Andean tips . The length of a common estòlica was about 50 cm. Estólica handles were commonly carved and modeled to represent real world accounts like animals and deities. Examples of estòlicas with no handle pieces have been interpreted as children's toys . Archaeologists found decorated examples in the Moche culture burial of the Lady of Cao at El Brujo in

2520-527: The same principle. A spear-thrower is a long-range weapon and can readily impart to a projectile speeds of over 150 km/h (93 mph). Spear-throwers appear early in human history in several parts of the world, and have survived in use in traditional societies until the present day, as well as being revived in recent years for sporting purposes. In the United States, the Nahuatl word atlatl

2576-516: The spear-thrower was supplemented by the bow and arrow in the Epi-Paleolithic . Along with improved ease of use, the bow offered the advantage that the bulk of elastic energy is stored in the throwing device, rather than the projectile. Arrow shafts can therefore be much smaller and have looser tolerances for spring constant and weight distribution than atlatl darts. This allowed for more forgiving flint knapping: dart heads designed for

2632-579: The spear-thrower's design was the introduction of a small weight (between 60 and 80 grams) strapped to its midsection. Some atlatlists maintain that stone weights add mass to the shaft of the device, causing resistance to acceleration when swung and resulting in a more forceful and accurate launch of the dart. Others claim that spear-thrower weights add only stability to a cast, resulting in greater accuracy. Based on previous work done by William S. Webb, William R. Perkins claims that spear-thrower weights, commonly called " bannerstones ", and characterized by

2688-442: The spur with the end of the spear. The spear is much longer than the thrower. The user holds the thrower at the grip end, with the spear resting on the thrower and the butt end of the spear resting in the thrower's cup. The user can hold the spear, with the index and thumb, with the same hand as the thrower, with the other fingers. The user reaches back with the spear pointed at the target. Then they make an overhand throwing motion with

2744-544: The thrower while letting go of the spear with the fingers. The dart is thrown by the action of the upper arm and wrist. The throwing arm together with the atlatl acts as a lever. The spear-thrower is a low-mass, fast-moving extension of the throwing arm, increasing the length of the lever. This extra length allows the thrower to impart force to the dart over a longer distance, thus imparting more energy and higher speeds. Common modern ball throwers (such as molded plastic arms used for throwing tennis balls for dogs to fetch) use

2800-434: The use of atlatls during the fall archery deer and turkey hunting seasons and, starting in 2014, allowed the use of atlatls during the spring turkey hunting season as well. Missouri also allows use of the atlatl for fishing, with some restrictions (similar to the restrictions for spearfishing and bowfishing ). The Nebraska Game and Parks Commission allows the use of atlatls for the taking of deer as of 2013 . The woomera

2856-740: The use of atlatls in Africa. Peoples such as the Maasai and Khoisan throw spears without any aids, but the use of atlatls in hunting is limited in comparison to spears because the animal must be close and already immobile. During the Ice Age, the atlatl was used by humans to hunt Megafauna . Ice Age Megafauna offered a large food supply when other game was limited, and the atlatl gave more power to pierce their thicker skin. In this time period, atlatls were usually made of wood or bone. Improvements made to spears' edge made it more efficient as well. In Europe,

SECTION 50

#1732802309472

2912-804: The world host a number of local atlatl competitions. Chimney Point State Historic Site in Addison, Vermont hosts the annual Northeast Open Atlatl Championship. In 2009, the Fourteenth Annual Open Atlatl Championship was held on Saturday and Sunday, September 19 and 20. On the Friday before the Championship, a workshop was held to teach modern and traditional techniques of atlatl and dart construction, flint knapping, hafting stone points, and cordage making. Competitions may be held in conjunction with other events, such as

2968-442: Was a tapering piece of wood carved of brown hard-wood. Well-polished, it was shaped with a semi-circular outer half and had a deep groove hollowed out to receive the end of the javelin, which could be engaged by a horizontal wooden peg or spur lashed with a cotton thread to the proximal and narrower end of the throwing board, where a few scarlet parrot feathers were tied for decoration. [Their] darts or javelins ... were probably made of

3024-822: Was developed as a part of the PL-566 Margaret Creek Watershed Project with federal funds through the Farmer’s Home Administration and the Soil Conservation Service to try and control flooding in the area. The dam was completed in July 1970 across a branch of Maragret Creek. Recreation pool was achieved in April 1972. It opened to the public in 1972 and in 1998 Lake Snowden was purchased by Hocking College from Le-Ax Water District. The college owns and operates

3080-502: Was often decorated with snake designs and feathers, potentially evocative of its association with Ehecatl , the Aztec wind deity. Wooden darts were known at least since the Middle Paleolithic ( Schöningen , Torralba , Clacton-on-Sea and Kalambo Falls ). While the spear-thrower is capable of casting a dart well over one hundred meters, it is most accurately used at distances of twenty meters or less. The spearthrower

3136-440: Was the sponsor of a bill to make the pawpaw the official state fruit of Ohio. Finally, in 2009, big name officials like Ohio Representative Debbie Phillips and Ohio Senator Jimmy Stewart attended in order to present Chris Chmiel with an award designating the pawpaw as the official state native fruit of Ohio. Within the festival itself there are various pawpaw-related activities one can get involved with including: competition for

#471528