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Pabst Hotel

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115-668: The Pabst Hotel occupied the north side of 42nd Street in Manhattan , New York City , between 7th Avenue and Broadway , in Longacre Square, from 1899 to 1902. It was demolished to make room for the new headquarters of The New York Times , for which Longacre Square was renamed Times Square . To the Pabst Brewing Company , the hotel and its restaurants were part of a nationwide program for promoting its beer. This facility, however, conflicted not only with

230-411: A Romanesque Revival facade designed by Philip C. Brown. The 41st Street annex was intentionally incorporated into the current hotel building. The interiors were designed by Trowbridge & Livingston . The hotel measures 195 feet (59 m) tall. The Knickerbocker Hotel's Broadway and 42nd Street facades are articulated into three horizontal sections: a two-story base, a ten-story shaft, and

345-436: A dropped ceiling . When the hotel reopened in 2015, Charlie Palmer was hired to operate Jake's @ The Knick, a "grab-and-go" takeout eatery on the ground level. The rebuilt ground floor has a 16-foot-tall (4.9 m) vaulted ceiling with decorative tiles similar to those installed in the subway. The third through fifteenth stories were originally devoted to residences and suites. The original third story contained suites,

460-732: A 600-seat cafe on the ground floor, opened in June 1908. The 42nd Street frontage was slightly rebuilt in 1910 when 42nd Street was widened, and the Armenonville restaurant was renovated. In 1911, the Knickerbocker expanded into the neighboring Ryan Hotel, adding about one hundred more suites. After John Jacob Astor IV died on the Titanic in 1912, his son Vincent Astor inherited the hotel, which continued to run successfully under James B. Regan. The Knickerbocker's heyday coincided with

575-485: A 7,500-square-foot (700 m ) bar called St. Cloud, also operated by Palmer, with a rooftop terrace measuring 4,000 square feet (370 m ). The bar, named after the former hotel on the same site, is used for viewings of the Times Square Ball drop, which takes place at the neighboring One Times Square during New Year's Eve . Due to the proximity of the ball, which is only about 150 feet (46 m) from

690-429: A Gothic oak ceiling. Displayed in the basement bar was a Frederic Remington painting entitled "The United States Cavalry Charge", interspersed with mirrored wall panels and gold-colored hangings. The kitchen had refrigerating plants, heating plants, and glass and silver chests, accessed by four dumbwaiters from the kitchen. The ice machines could make up to 8 short tons (7.1 long tons; 7.3 t) of ice daily, and

805-401: A ballroom, and a musician's gallery. The fourth through twelfth stories were designed nearly identically, while the thirteenth and fourteenth stories were slightly different in arrangement. The fifteenth story also contained a large women's dormitory and sitting room, a valet's room, a linen room, a bundle laundry room, a fan ventilator, and a storage and upholstery department. As floor number 13

920-428: A classical-style cornice. When the Knickerbocker was re-converted back into a hotel in the 2010s, the double-height first story was altered for a service entrance that takes up the entire width of the 41st Street facade. The third floor was skipped. The fourth and fifth stories are topped by an arch that spans the entire width of the annex. The sixth through eighth stories are flanked by pilasters , with two bays each on

1035-404: A few years later. Since the mid-1990s, the block has again become home to mainstream theatres and several multi-screen mainstream movie theatres, along with shops, restaurants, hotels, and attractions such as Madame Tussauds wax museum and Ripley's Believe It or Not that draw millions to the city every year. This area is now co-signed as "New 42nd Street" to signify this change. In the 1990s,

1150-533: A flower room. ran east and south of the lobby. It had a Caen stone cladding; a 22-foot-high (6.7 m) beamed ceiling modeled after the Palace of Fontainebleau ; marble statues and tapestries on the walls; and two bronze-and-marble electric fountains by Frederick MacMonnies . Hung in the Flower Room was the mural "Masque of Flowers". The second floor was devoted to dining rooms in the original design. At

1265-624: A gesture to the hotel's history, the four signature suites were named the Caruso, Cohan, Martini, and Parrish suites, after prominent personalities of the old hotel. The hotel reopened on February 12, 2015, as the Knickerbocker Hotel. The rooftop bar, the St. Cloud, opened in June 2015. The old subway entrance in the basement remained shuttered, and several of the original hotel's works of art, such as Old King Cole , were not restored in

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1380-474: A huge popular success". Architectural historian Robert A. M. Stern wrote the Hotel Knickerbocker, along with the nearby Astor and Rector hotels, "created something of an architectural ensemble clustered around Times Square". Regan also began providing free toiletries to guests without baggage in 1907, and he even allowed guests to borrow formal attire for dinners. The Armenonville restaurant,

1495-699: A landmark on October 18, 1988. SL Green bought 1466 Broadway, along with several other Manhattan buildings owned by the Helmsley estate, in 1998 for $ 165 million. SL Green began renovating the building shortly afterward, in March 1999. At the time, the building contained a three-story location of The Gap at ground level; The Gap's billboards were prominently displayed on the facade. The Gap expanded its ground floor space from 15,000 to 35,000 square feet (1,400 to 3,300 m ) during this time, reopening in mid-2001. SL Green sought to attract small office tenants to

1610-481: A lease for space on 444 Madison Avenue, with plans to move out of the Knickerbocker during the beginning of that May. By the mid-1970s, the building was known as 150–152 West 42nd Street and 1462–1470 Broadway. Helmsley still operated the building, which contained offices, commercial shops, and a pornographic bookstore. The land was held by the Inch Corporation, a shell company representing the true owner,

1725-539: A neighborhood it predicted would soon be the commercial center of the city: Longacre Square. Its publisher, Adolph S. Ochs , had purchased the former Eno ground from the Subway Realty Company and obtained a long-term lease from Charles Thorley on the ground under the Pabst. The company would build a skyscraper on the triangular block for its own occupancy. Demolition of the hotel began November 24, 1902. It

1840-421: A pneumatic cleaning system served the whole hotel. The subbasement contained the mechanical plant with boilers, coal storage bins, electrical generators, water filters, an ice-making plant, and an engine room. The wine vault, cigar vault, baggage room, and laundry facility were also in the subbasement. At the time of the hotel's opening in 1906, the hotel's management advertised two direct subway entrances from

1955-437: A political-cartoon personification of New York City. Leading off the lobby were safe deposit boxes, and a bookstand and ticket office. The cafe west of the lobby had white and gold decorations. For the attached bar southwest of the lobby, artist Maxfield Parrish was commissioned to paint "Old King Cole and His Fiddlers Three", a mural of Old King Cole measuring 30 feet (9.1 m) wide. An L-shaped restaurant, with

2070-476: A prominent part of the original interior design, having been installed as a way to enhance the interior character at a relatively low cost. A critic for the Architectural Record praised the interior design, saying: "There are few hotels in the country in the appearance of which such uniform good taste has been displayed", although the same critic took issue with the interior layout. Connecting

2185-475: A restaurant, a coffee shop, and a roof bar overlooking Times Square. The hotel's total interior space is about 300,000 square feet (28,000 m ). The first Hotel Knickerbocker originally had 556 guestrooms, 400 of which contained baths. The Knickerbocker was described in Architects and Builders Magazine as having "magnificent equipment and excellent service". The Knickerbocker's various artworks were

2300-403: A three-story mansard roof. The ground and second stories serve as a commercial base and have seen numerous design changes since 1920. The vertical limestone piers are the only portions of the original design that remain at the base. Originally, a ground-level portico projected from the center seven bays of the 42nd Street facade, with seven round arches topped by a balustrade . This portico

2415-570: A viaduct to carry Tudor City Place over 42nd Street. Despite opposition from Tudor City residents, city officials said the street widening was necessary because 42nd Street already carried high amounts of vehicular traffic to and from the nearby FDR Drive . The New York City Planning Commission approved the plans in September 1948, and the Board of Estimate approved $ 1.848 million for the project that December. The board provisionally authorized

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2530-481: Is known for its theaters , especially near the intersection with Broadway at Times Square , and as such is also the name of the region of the theater district (and, at times, the red-light district ) near that intersection. During the American Revolutionary War , a cornfield near 42nd Street and Fifth Avenue was where General George Washington angrily attempted to rally his troops after

2645-455: Is skipped, the thirteenth story is actually labeled as floor 14. Each story was served by its own staff and clerk. During much of the 20th century, these stories were used as office space, but by 2015 these stories were converted back to hotel suites. The fourth floor of the reconverted hotel contains Charlie Palmer at the Knick, a 100-seat full-service restaurant. The sixteenth floor contains

2760-554: The American Civil War , and 57th Street , which became prominent in the 1890s. It was only after the beginning of the 20th century that the street saw entertainment venues being developed around Times Square and upscale office space around Grand Central Terminal. In the first two decades of the 20th century, eleven venues for legitimate theatre were built within one block of West 42nd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues. The corner of 42nd Street and Broadway , at

2875-558: The British royal family . Helmsley announced that he would drop his ownership of the Knickerbocker Building in 1975, raising concerns that the building would be demolished. The other option was to renovate the space for $ 2 million, which could then be rented for $ 4.50 per square foot ($ 48.4/m ). Instead, the building deed was sold for a nominal sum of $ 1, despite the building being valued at $ 4.5 million. In 1979, with

2990-561: The City Hall under the East Side, across town under 42nd Street, north again under 7th Avenue from 43rd to 44th Street, and then under Broadway. The route therefore included a wide curve directly under the Eno property. The Subway Realty Company, an arm of the company building the subway, purchased it from Amos F. Eno (son of Amos R. Eno), demolished the buildings, and excavated an opening for

3105-677: The East River to Queens . Each line stops at Times Square and Grand Central, though the Fifth Avenue station is also served by the 7 and <7> ​ trains. In the past, every former IRT elevated line had a station at 42nd Street: A fifth station extended over 42nd Street as a western spur from the Third Avenue Line to Grand Central Depot , later Grand Central Station, and finally Grand Central Terminal. MTA Regional Bus Operations 's M42 bus runs

3220-625: The New York City Subway 's Times Square station to the hotel's basement. The original hotel, which served as the home of Enrico Caruso and George M. Cohan , shuttered in 1920 following a decrease in business. The building was then converted to offices, becoming known as the Knickerbocker Building. It was the home of Newsweek magazine from 1940 to 1959 during which it was called the Newsweek Building. After major renovations in 1980, it became known as 1466 Broadway and

3335-624: The Theater District around Times Square was intended to attract not only residential guests but also theater visitors. The Knickerbocker Hotel is largely designed in the Beaux-Arts style by Marvin & Davis, with Bruce Price as consultant. Its primary frontages are on Broadway and 42nd Street. These facades are constructed of red brick with terracotta details and a prominent mansard roof . The Knickerbocker Hotel also incorporates an annex on 41st Street, built in 1894 as part of

3450-647: The Times , but also with plans for New York's new subway system . In the 1890s the Pabst Brewing Company of Milwaukee embarked upon a program of acquiring restaurants and hotels—at one time controlling nine of them in Chicago , Minneapolis , San Francisco , and New York—giving the resorts its name and serving only its own products. It subleased the properties to professional facilities operators. In New York, Pabst came to control: Pabst itself leased

3565-571: The Times Square station, opened to the public on October 27. The newspaper moved into its new building Sunday, January 1, 1905, although the building wasn't quite complete. Notes Citations 40°45′23″N 73°59′11″W  /  40.75639°N 73.98639°W  / 40.75639; -73.98639 42nd Street (Manhattan) 42nd Street is a major crosstown street in the New York City borough of Manhattan , spanning

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3680-408: The mansard roof , which is clad in green copper. There are also urns at the corners of the roof. Originally, the dormer windows from the mansard roof contained elaborate pediments, although these were likely removed by 1920. The thirteenth floor windows' pediments were either triangular or segmentally arched. The fourteenth floor windows' pediments were round-arched. A penthouse on the fifteenth floor

3795-487: The "decadence of high commodification". Notes Bibliography Further reading The Knickerbocker Hotel (Manhattan) The Knickerbocker Hotel is a hotel at Times Square , on the southeastern corner of Broadway and 42nd Street , in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City . Built by John Jacob Astor IV , the hostelry was designed in 1901 and opened in 1906. Its location near

3910-470: The 1960s, East 42nd Street between Park and Second Avenues contained more headquarters of industries than any other place in the United States except Chicago or Pittsburgh. During this time, there was much development outside the rundown entertainment district of Times Square, somewhat offsetting the perception of that part of 42nd Street. In the early 1990s, city government encouraged a cleanup of

4025-415: The 42nd Street portico, which had been built on the sidewalk without authorization. This was common, too, but not lawful. In July 1900, The New York Times criticized city officials for allowing the illegal portico, which it called "a gross and insolent encroachment upon a public highway", to remain; however, city officials were no more inclined to move against this encroachment than any of the others. Regan

4140-577: The British landing at Kip's Bay , which scattered many of the American militiamen. Washington's attempt put him in danger of being captured, and his officers had to persuade him to leave. The rout eventually subsided into an orderly retreat. John Jacob Astor purchased a 70-acre (28 ha) farm in 1803 that ran from 42nd Street to 46th Street west of Broadway to the Hudson River . The street

4255-441: The Hotel Knickerbocker, and media magnate William Randolph Hearst launched his failed campaign for the 1909 New York City mayoral election at the Knickerbocker. The popular hotel bar gained the nickname "The 42nd Street Country Club". According to a legend, the martini was invented at the Knickerbocker in 1912 by Martini di Arma di Taggia, a hotel bartender who mixed dry vermouth and gin for John D. Rockefeller . The legend

4370-465: The Knickerbocker site was adjacent to the city's first subway line , providing access from the rest of the city. The Knickerbocker Hotel, completed in 1906, was designed by Marvin & Davis with consulting architect Bruce Price . The structure was largely designed in the Beaux-Arts style. The annex on 143 West 41st Street, which was built in 1894 as an addition to the Hotel St. Cloud, contains

4485-602: The Knickerbocker's rooftop, tickets to the New Year's Eve ball drop viewings can cost tens of thousands of dollars per person. In 1901, the New York City Department of Buildings received plans for three hotels, one theater, and fourteen apartment buildings on Times Square. Among those plans was a 14-story hotel designed by Bruce Price and Martin & Davis, to be built on the site of the St. Cloud Hotel at Broadway and 42nd Street. The new hotel, known as

4600-400: The Knickerbocker, including in 1912, when the hotel's in-house violinist Albert de Brahms killed his wife and tried to seal her body in plaster. The enactment of Prohibition in 1919 resulted in a marked decline in business at the Knickerbocker's restaurants and bars. By late 1919, Regan had given over operation of the hotel to his son, James E. Regan Jr., though the senior Regan retained

4715-519: The Knickerbocker, was intended as a rival to the Hotel Astor , also owned by the Astor family. The Knickerbocker was to be a Renaissance Revival hotel with a similar arrangement to other hotels of the time. In addition to service facilities across two basement levels and dining and banquet facilities on the first and second floors, the Hotel Knickerbocker was planned with 600 suites and 300 baths. At

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4830-410: The St. Cloud Hotel, which formerly occupied the site. The 41st Street facade contains a Romanesque Revival design by Philip C. Brown. Inside, the hotel contains 300 rooms, a restaurant, a coffee shop, and a roof bar. The original interior design was devised in 1905 by Trowbridge & Livingston . There are scattered remnants of the original interior design, including an entrance that formerly led from

4945-553: The Times Square area. In 1990, the city government took over six of the historic theatres on the block of 42nd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues , and New 42nd Street , a not-for-profit organization, was formed to oversee their renovation and reuse, as well as to construct new theatres and a rehearsal space. In 1993, Disney Theatrical Productions bought the New Amsterdam Theatre , which it renovated

5060-414: The Times Square station, with one entrance intended for ladies. One doorway still exists on the platform adjacent to the 42nd Street Shuttle 's track 1, topped by a lintel containing the carved word "Knickerbocker". Before the station opened as part of the city's first subway line in 1904, John Jacob Astor IV had given permission for the subway to be constructed through part of his property only if

5175-652: The adjacent Pabst Hotel , leased the site from the IRCC for seventeen years in July 1902. Regan had formed the Knickerbocker Hotel Company (KHC), serving as the KHC's managing director with Jesse Lewisohn and Godfrey Hyams as co-directors. Astor contracted Regan to be the hotel's manager when it was finished, but Regan resigned from the KHC over disputes with the other directors. In February 1904, just as

5290-552: The adult houses promenade down the block. ... Were you a freak? Not when you stepped onto the Deuce. Being a freak there would get you money, attention, entertainment, a starring part in a movie. Or maybe a robbery and a beating. For much of the mid and late 20th century, the area of 42nd Street near Times Square was home to activities often considered unsavory, including peep shows . East 42nd Street was, for some time, spared from similar decline, especially east of Third Avenue, where

5405-601: The area contained many small buildings, which sat on land leased from the Astors. In 1892, John Jacob Astor IV acquired the lease of the Hotel St. Cloud for $ 850,000. With transit improvements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, New York City's theater district relocated from further south in Manhattan to modern-day Times Square. The construction of theaters led to the development of other entertainment facilities such as hotels, dance halls, and restaurants. Furthermore,

5520-404: The back wall read: "The 'Pabst' / Ladies' & Gentlemen's Restaurant / Rathskeller / Bachelor's Hotel." The building's footprint was small, 58 feet wide by 25 feet deep, but the restaurant, on the second floor, and the rathskeller, in the basement, were not confined by the property lines. The rathskeller used space under the sidewalks, which was common and lawful, and the restaurant extended over

5635-410: The basement (see The Knickerbocker Hotel § Basements ). John Jacob Astor and William Cutting bought a large tract of land in modern-day Times Square from Metcef Eden in 1803. The land comprised much of the modern-day West Side of Manhattan between 41st and 48th streets; Astor obtained the eastern half of that land, which included Broadway. By the late 19th century, the Knickerbocker's site

5750-480: The building from Charles Thorley, who built it on ground leased from Henry Dolan for five 21-year terms. Thorley leased it to the brewing company for the remainder of the first term in 1899; Pabst leased it to Jame B. Regan, who ran it as proprietor. It stood on the south end of the slender triangular block formed by the intersection of 7th Avenue and Broadway, the rest of which belonged to the estate of Amos R. Eno (November 1, 1810 – February 21, 1898) and

5865-416: The building in 2006 to Istithmar Hotels, an investment group from the royal family of Dubai , for $ 300 million. Istithmar announced plans to convert the building back into a five-star hotel with between 250 and 300 rooms. However, by late 2009, Istithmar was unable to fulfill its debt obligation. Istithmar surrendered the property to its lender, Danske Bank , in March 2010. Danske subsequently resold

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5980-402: The building to a joint venture of Highgate Holdings, Ashkenazy Acquisitions, and Stanley Chera . FelCor Lodging Trust, a Texas real estate investment trust , acquired a 95 percent stake in the third through sixteenth floors for $ 109 million. The purchase took place in late 2011, although the acquisition was not announced until February 2012. The retail condominium on the first two floors

6095-412: The center of the second floor was a double-height ballroom measuring 50 by 105 feet (15 by 32 m). The ballroom had hardwood floors; copies of old portraits on the walls; and white, blue, and silver decorations. The adjoining foyer had satin velvet decoration with gold-painted pillars and a gold-leaf ornamented ceiling. There was also a nurse's hall and eight private dining rooms on that story. One of

6210-421: The city grid up to 42nd Street, which thus became – for a time – the northern boundary of the city. Cornelius Vanderbilt began the construction of Grand Central Depot in 1869 on 42nd Street at Fourth Avenue as the terminal for his Central, Hudson , Harlem and New Haven commuter rail lines, because city regulations required that trains be pulled by horse below 42nd Street. The Depot, which opened in 1871,

6325-538: The city lacked the funds to carry out the removal; bills were introduced in the Municipal Assembly and the State Legislature to legalize the portico, but did not become law; and a spurious mandamus lawsuit was filed as a delaying tactic. Some people questioned the Times' motive for singling out this one violation, when there were so many others. After many delays, a judge decided against

6440-633: The development of the United Nations supported a thriving business district and prompted the widening of that section of 42nd Street. The demolition of the Second and Third Avenue elevated lines by the 1950s led to increased development on East 42nd Street, such as annexes to the Chrysler and Daily News Buildings, as well as the construction of the Socony–Mobil and Ford Foundation Buildings . By

6555-512: The elevated IRT Second Avenue Line and IRT Third Avenue Line , and accordingly, initially considered unattractive for major development. By the 1920s, The New York Times reported that several high-rise developments were "radically changing the old-time conditions" along East 42nd Street, including the Chanin, Lincoln , Chrysler , and Daily News Buildings , as well as Tudor City . The block of 42nd Street between Second and First Avenues

6670-780: The entire breadth of Midtown Manhattan , from Turtle Bay at the East River , to Hell's Kitchen at the Hudson River on the West Side . The street has several major landmarks, including (from east to west) the headquarters of the United Nations , the Chrysler Building , Grand Central Terminal , the New York Public Library Main Branch , Times Square , and the Port Authority Bus Terminal . The street

6785-415: The facade and steel skeleton was completed, construction was halted after the IRCC defaulted on its payments. Contractually, the IRCC was given a year to repay its outstanding obligations should it choose to resume construction. In the meantime, Astor commissioned new plans for the interior design. During this time, the only revenue from the Hotel Knickerbocker was coming from the billboards around it. At

6900-472: The fourth story, while more substantial cornices run above the ninth and eleventh stories. At Broadway, the center bay contains an arched pediment above the fourth-story window that interrupts the cornice above it. The ninth story cornice is supported by decorative brackets while the eleventh story cornice is supported by modillions . All three cornices have lost some of their original decorative elements. The thirteenth through fifteenth stories are part of

7015-464: The hotel "adds a pinch of sophistication to Times Square. Yet, with its sleek, low-slung furnishings and neutral palette, the interiors are the antithesis of Beaux Arts, and Bellhops in baggy knickerbockers and chunky Doc Martens set the tone the moment you arrive." A reviewer for Oyster.com also contrasted the hotel's Renaissance-style exterior and modern interior, saying: "Some guests find this minimalist style cold and uninviting, especially paired with

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7130-460: The hotel had to be completed for at least $ 2 million. The IRCC received the contract for the hotel's construction in December 1901, and Astor loaned $ 1.65 million to the IRCC in March 1902. Under the IRCC, the project began in 1901 or 1902. Under the contract between Astor and the IRCC, Astor reserved the right to name the hotel operator when it was complete. James B. Regan, former manager of

7245-488: The hotel on November 18, 1901. The portico, he ordered in strong words, must be removed, by the city if necessary, at the hotel's expense. Regan and Thorley appealed, and the Times reported that although city officials could lawfully have acted on the order at once, they chose to delay, pending the outcome. If the portico was eventually removed, it wasn't reported. New York City's first subway lines were constructed in sections from 1900 to 1904. The main line ran north from

7360-505: The hotel's closure, several commercial tenants made bids for space in the Hotel Knickerbocker, and some applicants sought the entire building. At the time, the surrounding section of Broadway was quickly being developed for commercial purposes. The Hotel Knickerbocker closed on May 28, 1920. Vincent Astor, Nicholas Biddle, and S. B. Thorn formed the Knickerbocker Holding Company on June 14, 1920, two weeks after

7475-532: The hotel's closure. The Bank for Savings loaned the company $ 3 million in October 1920 for the conversion of the old Hotel Knickerbocker into an office building. Astor hired architect Charles A. Platt to design the office conversion. The hotel interiors were completely gutted and the ground level was converted to fourteen storefronts. The rest of the building was rebuilt as an office building, with rents from $ 4 to $ 5 per square foot ($ 43 to $ 54/m ). The walls of

7590-439: The lack of seating in the lobby." Conversely, a reviewer for Fodor's said the hotel provided a "serene counterpoint to the mass of people, lights, and excitement that converge at the crossroads of Broadway and 42nd Street". A critic for Business Insider wrote in 2020: "It's comparable in price to other big brand hotels but offers a sleeker, more boutique vibe, with upscale rooms and five-star service." Visitors also praised

7705-570: The late 1980s, 42nd Street, nicknamed the "Deuce", was the cultural center of American grindhouse theaters , which spawned an entire subculture. The book Sleazoid Express , a travelogue of the 42nd Street grindhouses and the films they showed, describes the unique blend of people who made up the theater-goers: depressives hiding from jobs, sexual obsessives, inner-city people seeking cheap diversions, teenagers skipping school, adventurous couples on dates, couples-chasers peeking on them, people getting high, homeless people sleeping, pickpockets... While

7820-588: The lease with Thorley. Regan at the time was proprietor of the Woodmansten Inn, the Bronx, and arranged to become proprietor of the grand Knickerbocker Hotel , planned for the southeast corner of 42nd Street and Broadway. On September 24, 1902, the Pabst Brewing Company filed suit in federal court to recover damages from Thorley. On August 4, 1902, The New York Times announced that it would give up its long-time home on Park Row near City Hall and move to

7935-403: The lease. In May 1920, the junior Regan announced the hotel would be closed at the end of the month and converted to an office building. Although the senior Regan's lease had more than fifteen years left to run, he surrendered it to Vincent Astor. At the time, the residents included James Regan Jr. and his wife Alice Joyce , as well as Caruso and his family. Immediately upon the announcement of

8050-540: The length of 42nd Street between the Circle Line Sightseeing Cruises ferry terminal on the Hudson River and the headquarters of the United Nations on the East River . Westbound service originates at First Avenue. Its predecessor, the 42nd Street Crosstown Line streetcar, had used 42nd Street until 1946. In 2019, bus lanes were installed along the length of the street. There have also been proposals for light rail on 42nd Street over

8165-675: The limestone and terracotta ornamentation has been replaced with similar-looking concrete. Along 42nd Street, the outermost four bays are grouped into slightly projecting "corner pavilions", flanking the center seven bays. The two center bays on each corner pavilion are paired. The Broadway facade is nine bays wide and lacks projecting corner pavilions. Each window is flanked by stone quoins . The fourth, sixth, seventh, and eleventh-story windows contain either decorative iron balcony rails or stone balustrades. The pediments atop windows on each story are variously made of segmental arches, sculptured decorations, or swans' necks. A small cornice runs above

8280-654: The lowest four stories while the other stories would have been residential lofts. The commercial market quickly recovered and the space was instead rented as showrooms and studios for companies in the Garment District . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 1980, and the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the Knickerbocker Building as

8395-408: The modern shuttle station, the damaged Knickerbocker marble lintel was to be replaced with a replica. The modern doorway leads to a subway manhole with mechanical equipment rather than to the Knickerbocker's basement. The original design had a lobby facing 42nd Street, with marble columns, bronze pendant lanterns, and red-and-gold foyer decorations. The lobby had a statue of Father Knickerbocker,

8510-460: The northeast, and the Bush Tower to the east. An entrance to the New York City Subway 's Times Square–42nd Street station , served by the 1 , ​ 2 , ​ 3 ​, 7 , <7> ​​, N , ​ Q , ​ R , ​ W , and S trains, is immediately outside the hotel; a direct entrance originally led from

8625-466: The office market in a slump, Helmsley, David Baldwin, and Jack Vickers were planning to convert the office building to residential lofts . As part of the project, Helmsley, Baldwin, and Vickers were to relocate the building's main entrance from 152 West 42nd Street to 1466 Broadway, constructing a new lobby on Broadway. Libby, Ross & Whitehouse designed the new lobby and converted the interior to 113 units. Stores and commercial space would have been on

8740-472: The old suites were moved or removed. The grill room in the basement was leased in December 1920 and continued to operate after the hotel's closure. The Old King Cole painting was loaned to the Racquet and Tennis Club on Park Avenue by 1925 before being installed permanently at the St. Regis Hotel in 1935. By early 1921, the old Hotel Knickerbocker had become known as the Knickerbocker Building. While

8855-488: The original Knickerbocker Hotel but not the subsequent office building, was sold in 1944 to an investor who intended to modify that structure heavily. Vincent Astor continued to own the Newsweek Building until 1957, until it was sold to a client of Bernard H. Kayden. The underlying land was simultaneously sold to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance, a subsidiary of Harry Helmsley 's Helmsley-Spear company and Irving S. Wolper, for $ 2.75 million. In early 1959, Newsweek signed

8970-449: The original proposal and included an additional story. Part of the third story was demolished to make way for the double-story ballroom. The 42nd Street facade was also modified to include a portico. The hotel ultimately cost $ 3.5 million. The Knickerbocker opened to private guests on October 23, 1906, and to the general public the following day. Astor wanted the Knickerbocker to compete with luxury hotels on Fifth Avenue , although

9085-434: The performance on Armistice Day three days later , when the war actually ended. The actor and composer George M. Cohan also lived there. Other guests and residents included opera singer Geraldine Farrar , baritone Antonio Scotti , film director and producer D. W. Griffith , novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald , as well as numerous politicians and diplomats. The Tammany Hall political organization often held its meetings at

9200-403: The prices at the Knickerbocker were much cheaper. At the time of the hotel's opening, a room for one person averaged about $ 3.25 per day, while suites cost about $ 15–20 per day. The hotel quickly became part of the city's social scene. One week after the hotel's opening, it was receiving an influx of guests from the subway. By early 1907, Architectural Record said the hotel "has proved to be

9315-447: The private dining rooms was a "gold room" with gold cutlery for 48 guests, in addition to china from Sèvres . During the 1920 alterations, the lobby spaces were removed, but a pink marble-clad elevator lobby was added on the ground floor. The lowest two stories were also converted to a retail condominium. Remnants from the original design include a vaulted ceiling above the elevator lobby, decorated with rosettes , but hidden above

9430-419: The renovated Knickerbocker Hotel. The ground level of the Knickerbocker Hotel building continued to house commercial uses, such as one of the last-ever locations of Toys "R" Us , which operated as a pop-up location in 2017 and 2018. After the Knickerbocker Hotel reopened in 2015, it received mixed reviews. A critic for British newspaper The Daily Telegraph gave the Knickerbocker a 7/10 rating, saying that

9545-765: The renovation of Bryant Park between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, as well as the renovations of Times Square and Grand Central Terminal, led to increases in office occupancy along both sections of 42nd Street. (from East to West): Every New York City Subway line that crosses 42nd Street has a stop on 42nd Street: There are two subway lines under 42nd Street. The 42nd Street Shuttle ( S train) runs under 42nd Street between Broadway/Seventh Avenue ( Times Square ) and Park Avenue ( Grand Central ). The IRT Flushing Line ( 7 and <7> ​ trains) curves from Eleventh Avenue to 41st Street, under which it runs until Fifth Avenue ; shifts to 42nd Street between Fifth and Madison Avenues ; and continues under

9660-554: The rise of Times Square as the city's main theater district, with nearly 35,000 seats across 28 theaters by 1910. The Hotel Knickerbocker's residents included Metropolitan Opera singer Enrico Caruso , who took up a suite on half a story because of the hotel's proximity to the Metropolitan Opera House . When the end of World War I was falsely announced on November 8, 1918, Caruso led the crowd outside his suite in singing " The Star-Spangled Banner "; he repeated

9775-401: The sixth and seventh stories and three bays on the eighth stories. The attic, on the ninth story, was constructed in 1906 and contains two dormer windows with triangular copper pediments. The modern Knickerbocker Hotel contains 330 guestrooms. Twenty-seven of the rooms are advertised as junior suites while four are labeled as signature suites. The modern Knickerbocker Hotel also contains

9890-403: The south end of Times Square , in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City . It contains the alternate addresses 1462–1470 Broadway, 6 Times Square, and 142 West 42nd Street, with a small annex extending south to 143 West 41st Street. The building occupies a land lot covering 19,800 square feet (1,840 m ), with frontages of about 135 feet (41 m) on Broadway to

10005-804: The southeast corner of Times Square, is the eastern terminus of the Lincoln Highway , the first road across the United States , which was conceived and mapped in 1913. An elevated railroad line, running above East 42nd Street from Third Avenue to the Grand Central station , was closed in 1923, leading to the development of such structures as the Chanin Building and 110 East 42nd Street west of Lexington Avenue . The street east of Lexington Avenue continued to be made up of mostly low-rise buildings; these blocks were adjacent to

10120-415: The station included a hotel entrance. Banners were originally displayed in the corridor leading to the subway. The hotel entrance was rearranged when the platform was lengthened in 1909. While the entrance was closed after the original iteration of the hotel was shuttered, the passageway to the entrance has retained much of its ornamentation, such as painted roundels . In 2019, as part of the remodeling of

10235-543: The storefront at the corner of Broadway and 42nd Street was quickly leased to a location of the National Drug Stores Corporation, the rest of the first floor was not leased until 1924, when it became a clothing store. The New York Society of Model Engineers ' main room in the Knickerbocker Building housed a model train exhibition each year during the early 1930s. Other tenants included advertising firms, attorneys, and insurance companies. Over

10350-445: The street outside the theatres was populated with: phony drug salesman ... low-level drug dealers, chain snatchers ... [j]unkies alone in their heroin/cocaine dreamworld ... predatory chickenhawks spying on underage trade looking for pickups ... male prostitutes of all ages ... [t]ranssexuals, hustlers, and closety gays with a fetishistic homo- or heterosexual itch to scratch ... It was common to see porn stars whose films were playing at

10465-458: The street widening in June 1949, and Manhattan's borough president announced in December 1949 that work would commence shortly. The neighboring stretch of 42nd Street was temporarily closed from February 1951 to October 1952 while the widening was underway. West 42nd Street, meanwhile, prospered as a theater and entertainment district until World War II . According to historian Robert A. M. Stern , West 42nd Street's decline started in 1946, when

10580-465: The streetcars on 42nd Street were replaced by less efficient buses. Lloyd Bacon and Busby Berkeley 's 1933 film musical 42nd Street , starring 30s heartthrobs Dick Powell and Ruby Keeler , displays the bawdy and colorful mixture of Broadway denizens and lowlifes in Manhattan during the Depression . In 1980, it was turned into a successful Broadway musical which ran until 1989, and which

10695-443: The table. The Hotel Knickerbocker was also the site of some high-profile incidents during its history. For instance, a chimpanzee dressed in human clothing walked into the lobby in 1918, prompting a panic. The next year, two men stole gems from a guest and attempted to escape through the basement, squirting tabasco sauce into the eyes of the responding patrolmen, who arrested the burglars anyway. There were also several murders at

10810-501: The time, the public did not know why work had stopped. The neighborhood had also changed significantly, and the original plans no longer fit with the surroundings. The IRCC never returned to the project and, in May 1905, Astor hired Trowbridge & Livingston to complete the interiors, with work resuming the following month. Regan also agreed to lease the hotel for twenty years at $ 300,000 per year. The new plans cost $ 1 million more than

10925-472: The time, the section of Broadway between 34th and 42nd streets was quickly being developed with theaters and hotels. Consequently, the Hotel Knickerbocker's construction spurred the development of other hostelries nearby. John Jacob Astor IV leased the hotel to the International Realty and Construction Company (IRCC) of Philadelphia, organized by J.E. and A.L. Pennock. Astor stipulated that

11040-529: The top seven floors, so the company decided in late 2001 to rebrand the building as 6 Times Square, which it believed was a more prominent address. The facade was restored and the mansard roof was coated with greenish copper. Due to the complexities of the renovation, its costs increased to three times the original budget, and the renovation was completed in March 2003, three and a half years later than originally scheduled. In 2004, SL Green sold 6 Times Square to Sitt Asset Management for $ 160 million. Sitt sold

11155-414: The upper stories, the only remnants of the original design were radiators and terrazzo floors. Below the lobby is a basement and subbasement, which retain their wall paneling, herringbone-patterned floors, and hexagonal white tile decorations. The basement had a grillroom, bar, broker's office, barber and manicure parlors, and the kitchen. The grillroom contained an English design with plain oak walls and

11270-454: The various floors were four passenger elevators and four freight and service elevators. The original hotel had five hundred clocks, which were made in Paris and maintained by an employee who was specifically tasked with winding them each day. Little evidence remains of the original design, particularly after the first version of the hotel had been converted into an office building in 1920. On

11385-491: The west and about 185 feet (56 m) on 42nd Street to the north. The frontage on 41st Street is only 17 feet (5.2 m) wide. The Knickerbocker Hotel wraps around 8 Times Square at the corner of Broadway and 41st Street. The site is adjacent to 5 Times Square and Times Square Tower to the west, One Times Square to the northwest, 4 Times Square to the north, the Bank of America Tower and Stephen Sondheim Theatre to

11500-543: The work. Construction noise was loud, which must have hurt the hotel's business. Though the Pabst Hotel would be able to remain, on April 15, 1902, the subway company took possession of the entire cellar room beneath the Broadway side of the building and about half of the space beneath the sidewalk on 42nd Street, for tunnel purposes—a large part of the rathskeller and storage room. Regan and Pabst claimed this nullified

11615-570: The years, such as in 2005. 42nd Street is also used by the SIM8 , SIM22 , SIM25 , SIM26 and SIM30 Staten Island express buses. "Dorty-deuce" is street slang for Manhattan's former live peep show district on 42nd Street. The 1982 film Forty Deuce and the 2017 TV series The Deuce reference the phrase "forty-deuce". Notable CCP Politboro Standing Comittee member Wang Huning referenced 42nd Street in his book America Against America mentioning it's "pornographic culture" as an example of

11730-546: The years, the Knickerbocker Building's former function as a hotel was forgotten by the public; the name "Knickerbocker Hotel" even became associated with another subsequently shuttered hotel on 45th Street. When the Knickerbocker Building became the headquarters of Newsweek magazine in October 1940, it was renamed the Newsweek Building . Also in the 1940s, an employment agency and art office. The Ryan Hotel structure at 140 West 42nd Street, which had been part of

11845-574: Was added between 1908 and 1910 to designs by C. H. Cullen. The 41st Street facade of the Knickerbocker Hotel is eight stories tall and is designed in the Romanesque Revival style, with some ornament in the Beaux-Arts style. The facade is made of buff brick and terracotta . It was intended as a service entrance to the main Knickerbocker Hotel. The annex previously contained a second story with three bays of windows, above which runs

11960-423: Was defiant; the Times was relentless. For two years, in dozens of articles and frequent editorials, the Times informed its readers about its battle to get city officials to enforce the law by removing the portico, while the officials, according to the Times , resisted every way they could—e. g.: they claimed confusion over their legal authority; they filed an unnecessary lawsuit against Regan and Thorley, claiming

12075-512: Was designated by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 that established the Manhattan street grid as one of 15 crosstown (east-west) streets that would be 100 feet (30 m) in width, while other streets were designated as 60 feet (18 m) in width. In 1835, the city's Street Committee, after receiving numerous complaints about lack of access for development above 14th Street, decided to open up all lots which had already been plotted on

12190-522: Was occupied by an older group of five four-story brick buildings, also Eno's, which tapered in width from south to north to fit the block. The principal architect, Henry F. Kilburn , designed a nine-story tower with a steel frame and limestone cladding—still a new construction method at the time. Floors 3 through 9 each had five bedrooms. Construction began in October 1898, and the opening was November 11, 1899. The building cost $ 225,000 and Pabst made additional improvements for $ 50,000. An advertisement on

12305-481: Was occupied by the Hotel St. Cloud, which opened in 1868 at Broadway and 42nd Street. At the time, it was relatively far from the developed portions of Manhattan. Grand Central Depot , predecessor of Grand Central Terminal , was developed nearby in 1871, resulting in the growth of the surrounding neighborhood. Members of the Astor family decided to divide the Astor land within Times Square in 1890, at which point

12420-428: Was originally only 40 feet (12 m) wide, passing through a steep bluff known as Prospect Hill. On either side of the street, 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) service roads ascended to Tudor City Place, which crossed over 42nd Street. To improve access to the newly developed United Nations headquarters , in 1948, the city government proposed widening that block of 42nd Street, eliminating the service roads, and constructing

12535-410: Was removed by 1911. There was a similar portico at the center five bays on Broadway, which was flush with the rest of the facade. The second floor contained round-arched windows. The Broadway facade originally contained a secondary entrance to the cafe. On the third through twelfth floors, the building is clad in red brick with decorative elements made of Indiana Limestone and terracotta . Some of

12650-478: Was replaced by Grand Central Terminal in 1913. Between the 1870s and 1890s, 42nd Street became the uptown boundary of the mainstream theatre district , which started around 23rd Street, as the entertainment district of the Tenderloin gradually moved northward. 42nd Street was developed relatively late compared to other crosstown thoroughfares such as 14th Street and 23rd Street , which had grown during

12765-576: Was revived for a four-year run in 2001. In the words of the Al Dubin and Harry Warren title song , on 42nd Street one could find: Little nifties from the Fifties, innocent and sweet, Sexy ladies from the Eighties who are indiscreet, They're side by side, they're glorified, Where the underworld can meet the elite Naughty, gawdy, bawdy, sporty, Forty-second Street! From the late 1950s until

12880-432: Was still owned by Ashkenazy. FelCor renovated the property for an additional $ 115 million, completely gutting it, with the exception of the facade. The hotel's new interior was designed by architecture and interior design firm Gabellini Sheppard Associates, with Peter Poon Architects as the architect of record. The new design was intended to both evoke the original hotel and represent Times Square's 21st-century revival. In

12995-417: Was subsequently debunked as having originated from a 1972 book by John Doxat. The Hotel Knickerbocker was also rumored to be where the velvet rope line was invented. During dinnertime, staff used a red velvet rope to create a queue, then handed out plates to guests waiting outside. During Easter celebrations, the hotel's chef put live chicks in sugar eggs, and guests would dine while the chicks hatched onto

13110-429: Was the first building completely supported by a steel skeleton ever demolished. The Times reported that professional builders were keen to discover whether the structural members had begun to corrode, which might threaten the structural integrity of the building and the future of the construction method, but nothing alarming was discovered. On April 8, 1904, Longacre Square was renamed Times Square. The subway, including

13225-417: Was used as garment showrooms and offices. Following another renovation in 2001, it was known as 6 Times Square. The Knickerbocker was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and was designated a New York City Landmark in 1988. It was converted back to a hotel from 2013 to 2015 under its original name. The Knickerbocker Hotel is on the southeastern corner of Broadway and 42nd Street , at

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