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44-587: The studio was founded in 1988 by Jim Nickel, Mark Walk and Eric S. Anderson, with acoustic design by Bret Theney of Westlake Audio . Located 35.8 mi (57.6 km) southeast of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, it is located in a secluded old-growth forest in rural Minnesota . The studio featured the same Neve 8068 recording console that was used in Jimi Hendrix 's Electric Lady Studios as well as Studer tape machines. The house

88-420: A 1,200-square-foot (110 m ) tracking room, including a large piano isolation room. Studio A was where Michael Jackson's Thriller was recorded in 1982. Studio B is a full size studio that features a 72-channel Solid State Logic 4072 G series console and a large selection of outboard gear. It has a 500-square-foot (46 m ) tracking room and a 65-square-foot (6.0 m ) isolation room. Studio C

132-531: A Rebel convoy taking place before the film's original opening scene and a tense conversation between Solo and Skywalker when the two are stranded in the Hoth wastelands. National Public Radio's promoted the series in part by getting Craig Claiborne to create his version of Yoda 's rootleaf stew recipe, which the Jedi Master serves Luke in the hut on Dagobah . The recipe ran in magazines and newspapers across

176-590: A fee for rights to air cutting out NPR). It was not until 1996 that a six-part adaptation of Return of the Jedi was made by Highbridge Audio , the company that had released the first two series on tape and CD. The production returned to the Westlake Recording Studios, where the original series had been recorded. Like the preceding series, Return of the Jedi expanded its story by incorporating new scenes. One depicts Luke Skywalker constructing

220-587: A new lightsaber on Tatooine, based on a deleted scene from the movie. A scripted scene between C-3PO and Boba Fett in Jabba the Hutt's palace was rejected by Anthony Daniels, who felt that the golden droid should not be on friendly terms with a bounty hunter. Fett was replaced by the dancer "Arica" (actually Mara Jade in disguise) from Timothy Zahn 's Tales from Jabba's Palace short story. The audio play's adapter Brian Daley died only hours after its recording

264-668: A number of other studios by the late 1970s. Westlake has been credited as "one of the first big commercial efforts to produce acoustically standardised 'interchangeable' rooms". Artists who have recorded music at Westlake Studios have included Rihanna , The Weeknd , Charli XCX , Café Quijano , Donna Summer , Giorgio Moroder , Quincy Jones , Billy Idol , Bruce Swedien , Gilberto Gil , Missy Elliott , Madonna , Marilyn Manson , Aaliyah and Justin Timberlake . Notable recordings produced at Westlake Studios have included Michael Jackson 's album, Thriller (April–November 1982),

308-598: A private lounge. In addition to the five studios, Westlake has two smaller production rooms designed for overdubs, writing and mixing. Both of these rooms contain Solid State Logic AWS 900+'s, 24-channel controlled analog consoles. Both rooms contain small tracking rooms fit to record vocals, guitar, bass and many other smaller instruments. 34°05′27″N 118°20′54″W  /  34.09095°N 118.348461°W  / 34.09095; -118.348461 Star Wars (radio) A radio dramatization of

352-415: A project to revive the fortunes of NPR Playhouse , the umbrella title for drama productions on NPR. At the suggestion of one of Toscan's students, Joel Rosenzweig, they developed an idea for adapting the 1977 epic space opera film Star Wars for radio. The popularity of Star Wars would certainly attract new, younger listeners, but they feared that the production costs would be prohibitively high. However,

396-556: Is a 13-part (5 hour, 56 minute) radio serial originally broadcast on National Public Radio on March 2, 1981. It was adapted by Brian Daley from the 1977 film, and directed by John Madden , with music by John Williams and sound design for Lucasfilm by Ben Burtt . The serial was recorded in 1981 at Westlake Recording Studios in West Hollywood, California. Daley adapted the script partly using material from earlier drafts of Lucas's scripts, and restored several scenes cut from

440-444: Is a 200-square-foot (19 m ) piano isolation room and a 176-foot (54 m) isolation room. Studio D has a private entrance and features 3 lounge areas including a loft that overlooks the tracking room. Studio E is a mixing suite that features a Solid State Logic 9072 J Series console. Out of all the studios at Westlake, Studio E has the largest selection of outboard gear. Studio E has a 52-square-foot (4.8 m ) vocal booth and

484-408: Is a full size studio that features a 72-channel Solid State Logic 9072 J series console and a large selection of outboard gear. It has a 1,000-square-foot (93 m ) tracking room and a large private lounge. Studio D is Westlake's largest room. It features a Solid State Logic XL 9000 K console and a large selection of outboard gear. The main tracking area is 1,120 square feet (104 m ) and there

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528-672: Is a music recording studio in West Hollywood , California . Westlake Recording Studios was founded in the early 1970s by the American audio engineer Tom Hidley under the name Westlake Audio. Hidley was experienced in the development of audio technology, having collaborated with Madman Muntz in the development of the first car stereo in 1959, and along with Amnon "Ami" Hadani, he had previously set up another recording studio in Hollywood, TTG Studios , in 1965. The layout of

572-502: Is based on a scene in which Solo meets a humanoid Jabba in the docking bay, cut from the original film but later reinstated in the 1997 Special Edition in modified form. In another episode, Daley inserts a conversation in which Admiral Motti attempts to convince Grand Moff Tarkin to leverage the Death Star as a political tool. When the series was re-issued on NPR several years later, it was retitled The New Hope (as opposed to

616-556: The Death Star plans from agents of the Rebel Alliance on the planet Toprawa. In scenes set on the planet Alderaan , Leia discusses the plans with her father, Prestor Organa , and determines to go in search of Obi-Wan Kenobi . Later episodes mostly follow the storyline of the film, but additional scenes expand the narrative. In one scene, Han Solo has a meeting with an agent of Jabba the Hutt called Heater; this dialogue

660-664: The Profundity . The plans are then taken on board the docked Tantive IV , which launches before Darth Vader can recapture them. In 2015 another adaptation of A New Hope was published, The Princess, the Scoundrel, and the Farm Boy . The author, Alexandra Bracken , stated that she was reading the Expanded Universe to try to "sneak elements in" to the canon and adapted material from the radio drama. Star Wars

704-515: The Skywalker saga and The Clone Wars film and television series were to be considered canon, in addition to new spin-off works. The first radio drama relates the backstory which immediately precedes the narrative of the original 1977 film, and this backstory overlaps with the Legends novels Jedi Dawn and Rebel Dawn and the 2016 film Rogue One . Commentators have since noted that

748-481: The feature films as well as all three radio dramas was Anthony Daniels . The supporting cast included Rick Hall , Andrew Hawkes, Sherman Howard , Karl Johnson , John Kapelos , Ron Le Paz, Joe Liss, Paul Mercier , Steven Petrarca, Jonathan Penner , Gil Segel, Nia Vardalos and Ron West. Ken Hiller provides the narration. Existing radio promos, deleted scenes, and additional music tracks are available which originated on previous releases of this collection and in

792-401: The original Star Wars film trilogy was produced in 1981, 1983, and 1996. The first two radio series, based on Star Wars and The Empire Strikes Back , were produced and broadcast by National Public Radio (NPR) as part of NPR Playhouse . A dramatization of Return of the Jedi was produced by most of the same team and it was also broadcast on NPR. The radio serials were made with

836-625: The $ 200,000 budget, NPR entered into a co-production deal with the British broadcaster, the BBC , which had a long tradition of radio drama production. The BBC provided a production team, including director John Madden , and in exchange received broadcasting rights in the United Kingdom. From the outset, the NPR producers felt that the script would lend itself well to an episodic treatment, drawing on

880-482: The 13-episode radio adaptation ran approximately four hours longer than the film version. Casting the audio serial was not as easy as had been hoped; while the producers were able to secure the actors Mark Hamill and Anthony Daniels from the original film, Harrison Ford was unavailable as he was filming Raiders of the Lost Ark at the time, and his place was taken by Perry King , an actor who once auditioned for

924-558: The Jedi . Westlake has a total of seven recording studios, including four with full size live rooms, two production rooms and a mixing suite. Studios A and B are located on Beverly Boulevard in Los Angeles and Studios C, D, E, Production Room 1 and Production Room 2 are located on Santa Monica Boulevard , CA in West Hollywood, CA . Studio A is one of the most historic rooms at Westlake. The control room of Studio A features an 80-channel Solid State Logic XL 9000 K console and

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968-467: The Jedi followed over a decade later, and it was produced by many of the same people who produced the KUSC/NPR productions. The Star Wars radio dramas were authorized adaptations of Lucas's scripts, and they were originally considered canon. Commentators argued that while the radio dramas varied somewhat from the film scripts, they should be considered canon insofar as they did not directly contradict

1012-539: The NPR broadcast versions. In 2013, two special sets of Topps trading cards were released called Star Wars Illustrated , which featured illustrations of scenes from the first Star Wars radio drama. The Topps artwork was also used to illustrate two collectors' editions of the Original Radio Drama released at the same time by HighBridge Audiobooks . In July 1981, the Star Wars radio adaptation

1056-557: The Performing Arts , Richard Toscan, was keen to champion this art form. Toscan was supported by John Houseman , the producer responsible for Orson Welles 's 1938 radio production of The War of the Worlds . He began with the dramatisation of short stories by Raymond Carver on KUSC-FM , a campus radio station affiliated to NPR. Following this production, Toscan collaborated with Houseman and NPR producer Frank Mankiewicz on

1100-534: The canon story which is introduced in Rogue One conflicts with episode 2 of the radio drama, "Points of Origin". In the radio drama, the Death Star plans are obtained after a Rebel attack on an Imperial convoy; Rebel agents then transmit the Death Star plans from the planet Toprawa to the Tantive IV . In Rogue One , the plans are transmitted from Scarif , where they were archived, to Admiral Raddus ' flagship,

1144-460: The country. Episode titles: Billy Dee Williams reprised Lando Calrissian , and John Lithgow played Yoda at the same time Madden was directing Lithgow in the play Beyond Therapy . Hamill and Daniels returned to voice Luke and C-3PO. The supporting cast again included David Alan Grier and also included Sam McMurray , Steven Markle, Stephen D. Newman, John Pielmeier , Geoffrey Pierson , Gary Tacon, and Jerry Zaks . Ken Hiller provides

1188-457: The drama was played under a starry light show. Broadcasts began in March 1981 to critical acclaim, and the drama instantly attracted 750,000 new listeners, representing a 40 percent increase in NPR audiences and a quadrupling of the network's youth audience. On the basis of this success, KUSC went on to produce popular adaptations of the sequel, The Empire Strikes Back . An adaptation of Return of

1232-548: The films. However, in 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm and the rights to Star Wars . In 1994, Lucasfilm's continuity editor, Allan Kausch, stated that "'Gospel', or 'canon' as we refer to it, includes the screenplays, the films, the radio dramas and the novelizations." In 2014 Lucasfilm announced that previous works which were set in the Expanded Universe (including comics, novels and videogames) were to be re-branded as Star Wars Legends , and only

1276-459: The final edit of the film, as well as adding original new scenes created specially for the audio version. The narrative of the first two episodes takes place entirely before the opening scene of the 1977 film, and expands the background to events leading up to the capture of the Tantive IV spacecraft above the planet Tatooine . Episode 1, largely based on cut scenes from the original, explores

1320-410: The format of the 1930s movie serials such as Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers that had originally inspired Lucas when he wrote Star Wars . The American science fiction novelist Brian Daley was brought in to write the script. Daley had access to Lucas's early drafts of the Star Wars scripts, and expanded the narrative to include material which had been cut from the final edit of the film so that

1364-530: The full cooperation of George Lucas , who, in exchange for a dollar each, sold the rights to KUSC-FM , the public radio affiliate at his alma mater , the University of Southern California (USC). Lucas also permitted the use of original sound effects and music from the films. In the 1980s, radio drama was in decline in the United States. An associate dean of the University of California School of

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1408-470: The life of Luke Skywalker on Tatooine . During the story, Luke's skyhopper (a vehicle seen in the background in Luke's garage during the film) is damaged during a desert race; Luke sees the distant Star Destroyer battle in the sky; and he is reunited with his childhood friend, Biggs Darklighter . Episode 2, made up of material written entirely by Daley, provides backstory to Princess Leia 's acquisition of

1452-468: The narration. NPR's plans for a Return of the Jedi radio serial were put on hold when federal funding for NPR was dramatically reduced; however, NPR was never the producer of the radio series nor was it ever granted the rights to produce the radio adaptations nor did NPR fund any of the radio productions. Plans for a Jedi radio adaptation fell apart in the 1980s due to a disagreement (believed to be financial) between KUSC, Los Angeles (the producer of

1496-439: The narration. The success of the first series led to a 10-part (4 hour, 22 minute) series based on the 1980 film The Empire Strikes Back , again written by Daley and directed by Madden. It was recorded in 1982 at A&R Studios, New York City. The series debuted on NPR on February 14, 1983. Like the preceding series, The Empire Strikes Back expands on the movie's story and incorporates new scenes such an Imperial attack on

1540-508: The next three years. Kuker died on February 2, 2015, at the age of 40, after which his family took over ownership. The home, studio and grounds were renovated. The studio is managed by longtime Kuker employee Nick Tveitbakk and clients are still able to record with the wide variety of musical equipment and guitars that Kuker collected. 44°31′55″N 92°52′26″W  /  44.5320°N 92.8739°W  / 44.5320; -92.8739 Westlake Audio Westlake Recording Studios

1584-440: The number-one-selling album of all time; and Alanis Morissette 's Jagged Little Pill (1994–1995). Westlake Studios have also been used to produce audio material for films, television shows and commercials. In June 1980, National Public Radio , in a co-production with the BBC , used Westlake Studios to record a 13-part radio adaptation of Star Wars . NPR returned to Westlake in 1996 to record its production of Return of

1628-547: The official alternate title, A New Hope ), keeping in line with the subtitles of the episodes of the original trilogy films. Episode titles: Several actors reprised their roles in the film. Mark Hamill and Anthony Daniels returned to reprise their roles as Luke Skywalker and C-3PO , respectively. The supporting cast included James Blendick , Clyde Burton, Bruce French , David Alan Grier , Jerry Hardin , John Harkins , Scott Jacoby , Meshach Taylor , Marc Vahanian, John Welsh , and Kent Williams . Ken Hiller provides

1672-529: The part of Han Solo in the 1977 film. Led by Mankiewicz, NPR promoted the Star Wars serial with a successful publicity campaign, attracting coverage in Playboy , The New York Times and Time , who hailed the production with the headline, "Radio drama is making a resounding comeback". Star Wars was launched at a special NPR event at the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles , in which

1716-484: The production team's academic connections proved to be advantageous: USC is the alma mater of the writer and director of Star Wars , George Lucas, and Lucasfilm quickly granted the rights to KUSC, including the rights to the use of original Star Wars music and sound effects, for a token fee of one dollar. Despite Lucasfilm's generous offer, NPR was still faced with the costs of writing scripts, hiring actors and renting studio space. With no funding available to cover

1760-459: The rooms at Westlake Studios aimed for an acoustic design that could give a fairly flat frequency response at the recording position, with low reverberation delay and extensive use of bass traps . As the need to transfer audio material between different studios grew, there was an increasing demand for standardization across the recording industry; the success of Hidley's acoustic design was copied at other sites, and "Westlake-style" rooms spread to

1804-488: The studio, unaware that he would never hear it. The message is included as part of the collector's edition box set. Episode titles: The adaptation used many of the original radio cast, though Joshua Fardon took over as Luke and Arye Gross replaced Billy Dee Williams as Lando. Ed Begley Jr. was the voice of Boba Fett and Edward Asner , speaking only in Huttese, voiced Jabba the Hutt . The only actor who starred in all

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1848-476: The two previous radio adaptations and to whom the rights were granted for the production) and Lucasfilm. NPR was granted limited rights to air the two previous radio series because KUSC, Los Angeles provided the radio adaptations to NPR as part of NPR's National Program Service that allows any NPR member station rights to air the series as part of the annual dues already paid (rather than the third party Extended Program Service where KUSC could have charged each station

1892-404: Was concluded; "additional material" was contributed by John Whitman , who introduced changes that were required so the series could have continuity with the newly developed plan for the prequels, as well as changes that were identified by its director and cast. The series was dedicated to the memory of Brian Daley. The show's cast recorded a special get well message for Daley after the author left

1936-479: Was designed by Herb Bloomberg, architect of Old Log Theatre and founder of the Chanhassen Dinner Theatres . The studio went into a decline in the mid-2000s, after original co-owner Jim Nickel sold the property. It went into a state of disrepair for many years, though bands occasionally still recorded there. It was purchased by engineer John Kuker in 2011 out of foreclosure and remodeled over

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