74-714: The Canadian Rangers (French: Rangers canadiens ) are a sub-component of the Canadian Army under the Canadian Armed Forces reserves that provides a limited military presence in regions of Canada where stationing conventional Army units would not be practical or economically viable. Formally established on May 23, 1947, the Canadian Rangers employs around 5,000 Rangers. The Canadian Rangers are responsible for remote, isolated, and sparsely-populated regions of Canada, such as Northern Canada and
148-500: A regimental sergeant major is held by a chief warrant officer, or adjutant held by a captain. In some branches or specific units, rank titles may differ due to tradition. A trained private within the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps is a trooper, whereas the same rank within the artillery is gunner. Other titles for the rank of private include fusilier, sapper, rifleman, craftsman, and guardsman. The ranks of
222-520: A Canadian division (except 1 CRPG, which is currently allocated to Joint Task Force North). Each CRPG is unique in its make-up, according to its area of responsibility, its geography, and its ethnic make-up. For instance, 3 CRPG, headquartered in Borden, Ontario, has a single province as its area of operations (AO), while 4 CRPG with its headquarters in Victoria, British Columbia, has four provinces. Thus
296-573: A better option. They created a thick cotton practice jersey that was a modification of a ladies' union suit top. These loose, collarless pullovers were the first sweatshirts. A new division of the company, focusing solely on the production of sweatshirts, became the Russell Athletic Company . The sweatshirt's potential as a portable advertising tool was discovered in the 1960s when U.S. universities began printing their names on them to exhibit school pride. The sweatshirt, along with
370-826: A couple of Canadian Rangers who directly look after the JCRs, and JCR instructors are part of the CRPG's full-time staff. At the national level, the Junior Canadian Ranger programme is maintained by the National Cadet and Junior Canadian Ranger Group, commanded by a brigadier-general. The programme is open to Canadians from ages 12 to 18. The Canadian Rangers have received the Freedom of several locations throughout its history; these include: Canadian Army The Canadian Army ( French : Armée canadienne )
444-410: A dessert) provided for soldiers to consume in situations in which meal preparation is not possible. The Canadian Army maintains a variety of different uniforms, including a ceremonial full dress uniform , a mess dress uniform , a service dress uniform , operational/ field uniforms , and occupational uniforms. Canada's uniforms were developed parallel to British uniforms from 1900 to the unification of
518-716: A highly developed science and technology sector. Since the First World War , Canada has produced its own infantry fighting vehicle , anti-tank guided missile and small arms for the Army. Regular and reserve units operate state-of-the-art equipment able to handle modern threats through 2030–2035. Despite extensive financial cuts to the defence budget between the 1960s–2000s, the Army is relatively well equipped. The Army currently operates approximately 10,500 utility vehicles, including G-wagons and 7000-MVs , and also operates approximately 2,700 armoured fighting vehicles including
592-597: A hood. A sweatshirt with a hood is now usually referred to as a hoodie , although more formal media still use the term "hooded sweatshirt". In 1920, Benjamin Russell Jr. , a quarterback for the Alabama Crimson Tide Football team, was tired of the constant chafing and itching caused by their wool football uniforms. He worked with his father, whose company Russell Manufacturing Company made women's and children's knit garments, to come up with
666-535: A sense of shared history. Other regiments developed independently, resulting in a mixture of both colourful and historically familiar names. Other traditions such as battle honours and colours have been maintained by Canadian regiments as well. The senior appointment within the Canadian Army was Chief of the General Staff until 1964 when the appointment became Commander, Mobile Command in advance of
740-485: A tender request for a bolt-action rifle compatible with 7.62×51mm NATO and .308 Winchester ammunition. Approximately 10,000 rifles were to be bought giving the system a service life of about 30 years. Project management was provided by the Canadian Army's , Director Land Resources (DLR). The new rifles are a Finnish SAKO design, based on the Tikka T3 Compact Tactical rifle (CTR). The rifle
814-664: Is francophone . The mechanized brigades include battalions from three infantry regiments, the Royal Canadian Regiment , Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry , and the Royal 22 Regiment . Between 1953 and 1971, the Regular infantry consisted of seven regiments, each maintaining two battalions (except the Royal 22 Régiment, which had three; The Canadian Guards which had four battalions between 1953 and 1957; and
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#1732772675822888-585: Is a misconception that the Canadian Rangers is a First Nations unit, many Rangers are not; the makeup of each unit simply depends on where the patrol resides. The Canadian Rangers provide a limited military presence in Canada's remote areas and receive 12 days per year of formal training (often more days of training are offered but attendance is not mandatory). They are considered to be somewhat always on duty, observing and reporting as part of their daily lives. Canadian Rangers are paid when formally on duty according to
962-693: Is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces . It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada , and is also responsible for the Army Reserve, the largest component of the Primary Reserve . The Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and Chief of the Army Staff, who is subordinate to the Chief of
1036-495: Is the reserve element of the Canadian Army and the largest component of the Primary Reserve . The Army Reserve is organized into under-strength brigades (for purposes of administration) along geographic lines. The Army Reserve is very active and has participated heavily in all Regular Army deployments since 2002, in some cases contributing as much as 40 per cent of each deployment in either individual augmentation, as well as occasional formed sub-units ( companies ). LFR regiments have
1110-725: The 3rd Canadian Division is based in Western Canada , the 4th Canadian Division is based in Ontario , while the 5th Canadian Division is based in Atlantic Canada . The single operational formation, 1st Canadian Division , is part of the Canadian Joint Operations Command and not part of the Canadian Army. It serves as a deployable headquarters to command a divisional-level deployment of Canadian or allied forces on operations, succeeding
1184-931: The Canadian Airborne Regiment , which was divided into three commandos). In addition to the Canadian Guards, and the Canadian Airborne Regiment, the Queen's Own Rifles of Canada , and the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada also fielded units that served in Regular Force. In the years that followed the unification of the Canadian Armed Forces, several units of Regular Force were disbanded, or reduced to nil strength. On 15 September 1968,
1258-503: The Canadian Army Doctrine Bulletin began printing as the successor to the original journal, and in 2004 the publication returned to its original name. Sweatshirt A sweatshirt is a long-sleeved pullover shirt or jacket fashioned out of thick, usually cotton, cloth material. Sweatshirts are almost exclusively casual attire and hence not as formal as some sweaters . Sweatshirts may or may not have
1332-639: The Combat Training Centre at CFB Gagetown , New Brunswick, and the Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre at CFB Wainwright , Alberta. Canadian infantry and armoured regimental traditions are strongly rooted in the traditions and history of the British Army . Many regiments were patterned after regiments of the British Army, and a system of official "alliances", or affiliations, was created to perpetuate
1406-882: The Gulf War , and in the War in Afghanistan . Prior to Confederation in 1867, the British Army , which included both " Fencible " Regiments of the British Army—recruited within British North America exclusively for service in North America—and Canadian militia units, was responsible for the defence of Canada. Some current regiments of the Canadian Army trace their origins to these pre-Confederation militia and Fencible units. Following
1480-828: The LAV-III and the Leopard 2 . The Army also operates approximately 150 field artillery pieces including the M777 howitzer and the LG1 Mark II . In 2016 the Army replaced the RG-31 Nyala and Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle with the Textron Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle . The Army infantry uses the C7 Rifle or C8 Carbine as the basic assault rifle , with grenadiers using
1554-935: The Non-Permanent Active Militia , which was named the Canadian Army (Reserve). The Army participated in the Korean War , with the first elements of its participation landed in Korea in December 1950 and formed part of the forces who took part in Operation Killer and the Battle of Kapyong . Canadian troops were also committed to the NATO presence in West Germany during the Cold War . In
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#17327726758221628-750: The Parliament of Canada and declaring war on 10 September 1939, the Canadian Army raised the Canadian Active Service Force, which initially consisted of the 1st Canadian Division ; later increased to form the First Canadian Army . On 19 November 1940, during Second World War , an Order in Council was issued that renamed the Permanent Active Militia as the Canadian Army (Active), supplemented by
1702-651: The Second Boer War . During the First World War , the Canadian Army raised the volunteer Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) for service overseas, and was the primary Canadian participation to the war effort. The Canadian Army also fought during the Second World War . Following the declaration of war on Nazi Germany and her allies by the United Kingdom on 3 September 1939, with Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King consulting with
1776-455: The T-shirt , provided a cheap and effective way of disseminating information on a mass scale. The T-shirt slogan fad of the 1970s inevitably translated to sweatshirts. Due to the relative simplicity of customization and the power of clever graphics combined with catchphrases, sweatshirts became a vehicle for personal expression for both the designer and the wearer. In Australia, the sweatshirt
1850-513: The Winchester 1894 and Marlin 36 would be easy for the PCMR members to use, as they more than likely had experience with the type already. As a stop-gap until Enfield Rifles became available in numbers for issue, some 3000 Winchesters and an estimated 1800 Marlins were promptly acquired direct from North Haven (likely all these firms had on hand). Guns were issued as needed to senior members of
1924-655: The coastline of British Columbia and in Yukon against the wartime threat of a possible Japanese invasion. At their height, the PCMR consisted of 15,000 volunteers in 138 companies under three major patrol areas, which were Vancouver Island , the lower Fraser Valley and the Bridge River area. Some of the principal officers of the PCMR were Lieutenant-Colonel Cyrus Wesley Peck VC, Lieutenant-Colonel A.L. Coote and Major H. Ashby. The Pacific Coast Militia Rangers were disbanded on September 30, 1945, after Japan's surrender in
1998-461: The unification of Canada's military forces . The position was renamed Chief of the Land Staff in 1993. Following the reversion to the name Canadian Army in 2011, the position became Commander of the Canadian Army . There are three mechanized brigade groups in the Canadian Army's Regular Force. Approximately two-thirds of the Regular Force is composed of anglophone units, while one third
2072-446: The 1990s, the Regular Force saw further organizational restructuring. The Canadian Airborne Regiment was disbanded in 1995, while the Regular Force regiment of the 8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's) , formed in 1957, was converted to a mixed Regular and Reserve "Total Force" unit with the close-out of 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group at Lahr , Germany, in 1994, before reverting to a Reserve regiment in 1997. The Army Reserve
2146-641: The 2nd Battalion of the Canadian Guards was reduced to nil strength and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle; its personnel became a part of 3rd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment . After the Canadian Guards were reduced to nil strength, the role of the Household Troop reverted to the two seniormost infantry regiments of the Reserve. The respective battalions relinquished their numerical battalion designations in 1976. During
2220-552: The 2nd Battalion of the Queen's Own Rifles was reduced to nil strength and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle . Several weeks later, the 1st Battalion of the Canadian Guards was disbanded on 1 October 1968. In 1970, several more units were reduced to nil strength. The 1st Battalion of the Queen's Own Rifles was reduced to nil strength and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle on 27 April 1970, with
2294-620: The Army adopted CADPAT camouflaged combat uniforms in the late-1990s. With the adoption of CADPAT, the Canadian Armed Forces became the first military force to adopt digital camouflage pattern for all its units. Officers are selected in several ways: In addition, there were other commissioning plans such as the Officer Candidate Training Plan and Officer Candidate Training Plan (Men) for commissioning serving members which are no longer in effect. Occupational training for Canadian Army officers takes place at one of
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2368-519: The Army regiments originated from the Canadian militia, and was eventually relegated from combat to ceremonial use. The present service dress uniform includes a rifle green tunic and trousers, similar to the older iteration of the service dress, although with a different cut, and an added shoulder strap. The present service dress uniforms were introduced in the late 1980s, alongside the other "distinctive environmental uniforms" issued to other branches of
2442-780: The C7 with an attached M203 grenade launcher , and the C9 squad automatic weapon . The Canadian Army also uses the SIG Sauer P320 and the SIG Sauer P226 . Newer variants of the C7/C8 family have since been integrated into common use throughout the Canadian Armed Forces. The C7 has most recently been updated in the form the C7A2. The major internal components remain the same, however, several changes have been made to increase versatility of
2516-564: The CRPGs to lead and administer the Canadian Ranger patrols in their unit. The patrols themselves are located in various remote, isolated, and/or coastal communities around Canada and each Canadian Ranger patrol is based on such a community. Canadian Ranger patrols are (on average) approximately 30 members strong (the equivalent of a platoon in a conventional Canadian Army unit) and are led by sergeants. The patrols are further divided into
2590-737: The Canadian Arctic environment. With the issue of the Colt Canada C19 as their new service rifle in 2015, the Canadian Rangers were officially gifted their retired Lee-Enfields by the Canadian Armed Forces. Owing to the decreasing availability of spare parts, the replacement of the Lee–Enfield rifle had long been expected, and in August 2011, after user requirements had been determined, the Canadian Forces officially issued
2664-545: The Canadian Armed Forces in 1968, though maintained significant differences. The adoption of a number of separate uniforms for separate functions, also made its uniforms become distinctively "Canadian" in the process. Prior to unification in 1968, the uniforms between the three branches were similar to their counterparts in the forces of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries, save for national identifiers and some regimental accoutrements. The Honourable Peter MacKay, Minister of National Defence, announced on 8 July 2013
2738-449: The Canadian Armed Forces. From the unification of the armed forces in 1968, to the introduction of the distinctive service uniforms in the 1980s, the branches of the Canadian Armed Forces wore a similar rifle green service uniform. The Canadian Army began to issue combat specific uniforms in the early 1960s, with the introduction of "combats," coloured olive-drab shirt. The olive-drab uniforms continued to be used with minor alterations until
2812-407: The Canadian Armed Forces. In the 1990s, the command was renamed Land Force Command (French: Commandement des Forces terrestres ), until it reverted to its original name in August 2011. During its history, the Canadian Army has fought in a variety of conflicts, including in the North-West Rebellion , the Second Boer War , the First and Second World Wars , Korean War , and more recently with
2886-463: The Canadian Army are as follows: Field kitchens and catering are used to provide Canadian Army personnel fresh-cooked meals at bases and overseas operation centres. When fresh rations are not practical or available, Individual Meal Packs (IMPs) are issued instead. There are also patrol packs, which are small high-protein snack-type foods (such as beef jerky or shredded cheese) and boxed lunches (consisting of assorted sandwiches, juice, fruit, pasta and
2960-484: The Canadian Army has a small cadre of CRNA staff in Ottawa, headed by a Class-A (part-time) lieutenant-colonel and consisting of a full-time major and a small number of captains and master warrant officers. The conduit between the CRNA staff and the ACOS REs is the director Army Reserve (DARes), a full colonel. These CRNA staff act as a conduit for information, assist with general development and improvement, assist in generating, modifying, and maintaining policy that addresses
3034-647: The Canadian Rangers was generally very positive, with only minor adjustments required, and was incorporated in the final production rifles. The rifle features a heavy-taper stainless steel barrel, a detachable 10-round double-stack box magazine, custom iron sights calibrated from 100 to 600 metres, a specially laminated wooden stock with a unique reddish-grey pattern in the wood grain, stainless steel construction with extra corrosion resistant coatings, and enlarged trigger guards and bolt handles so they can be used without removing gloves. The barrel, bolt and receiver are made by Colt Canada under licence from SAKO. In addition to
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3108-483: The Canadian Rangers. Each patrol area is directly controlled by the headquarters unit of a Canadian Ranger patrol group or CRPG ( French : groupe de patrouilles des Rangers canadiens, GPRC ). The Junior Canadian Rangers (JCR) Programme was created on May 31, 1996, and has more than 3,400 members in 119 locations. Each CRPG is responsible for facilitating the JCRs and receive separate national funding for JCR activity facilitation. Each Canadian Ranger patrol has at least
3182-432: The Defence Staff . The Army is also supported by 3,000 civilian employees from the public service. Formed in 1855, as the Active Militia , in response to the threat of the United States to the Province of Canada after the British garrison left for the Crimean War . This Militia was later subdivided into the Permanent Active Militia and the Non-Permanent Active Militia . Finally, in 1940, an order in council changed
3256-525: The Government of Canada's intent to restore Canadian Army rank insignia, names and badges to their traditional forms. The Canadian Army's universal full dress uniform includes a scarlet tunic , midnight blue trousers with a scarlet trouser stripe, and a Wolseley helmet . However, a number of regiments in the Canadian Army are authorized regimental deviations from the Army's universal design; including some armoured, Canadian-Scottish regiments , and all rifle / voltigeur regiments. The full dress uniforms of
3330-402: The Second World War. Each Canadian Ranger is issued a red Canadian Ranger sweatshirt , CADPAT pants, combat boots , baseball cap , safety vest, rifle and navigation aids. They are expected to be mostly self-reliant regarding equipment. However, they are also provided with a small amount of patrol-level stores (mostly camp stores – tents, stoves, lanterns, axes, etc.). They are reimbursed for
3404-462: The coastlines. They regularly conduct surveillance, sovereignty patrols (SOVPATS), and inspections of the North Warning System . They also act as guides, scouts, and subject-matter experts in such disciplines as wilderness survival when other forces and Army components are in their area of operations. The Canadian Rangers are a unit of the Canadian Armed Forces Army Reserve made up of Inuit , First Nations , Métis , and other Canadians. Though there
3478-471: The command comprises the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre , which includes the following establishments: Military rank in the Canadian Army is granted based on a variety of factors including merit, qualification, training, and time in-rank. However, promotion up to the rank of corporal for non-commissioned members, and to captain for officers, is automatic based on time in previous rank. Some ranks are associated with specific appointments. For example,
3552-442: The commander of the Canadian Army. Command and control of the respective Canadian Ranger units (known as Canadian Ranger patrol groups or CRPGs) is devolved from the commander of the Canadian Army down to his subordinate commanders of the various regional divisions. There are five CRPGs and each CRPG corresponds to one of the regional divisions (as seen below). The CRPGs tend to be provincially oriented, apart from 1 CRPG, which covers
3626-404: The companies, but stocks of .30-30 ammunition was so limited that only six rounds were issued with the rifle while the rest was locked up in the company's armoury, typically in the vault of the local bank. The bolt action Lee–Enfield was then issued to the PCMR as the standard rifle later during the war and it continued to be used by the Canadian Rangers when they were established in 1947. Due to
3700-420: The economy of the .303 (there were thousands left over after the war) and the robust nature of the rifle (especially in conditions such as extreme cold), it was not replaced for use even after being taken out of general service in the remainder of the Canadian military in the 1950s. It has remained in service with the Canadian Rangers for over 70 years and has proven to be most reliable in adverse conditions even in
3774-419: The like). Since 1947, the Canadian Rangers have been issued the Lee–Enfield No 4 rifle in .303 British calibre, with each user being provided with 200 rounds of ammunition every year. At the outset of the Second World War, the rest of the Canadian Army was equipping with Enfield rifles, Bren guns , Webley Revolvers , and Browning-Inglis Hi Power pistols and Canadian production of these weapons
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#17327726758223848-415: The name of the Active Militia to the Canadian Army. On 1 April 1966, prior to the unification of the Canadian Armed Forces , the land forces were placed under a new command called Mobile Command (French: Commandement des forces mobiles ). For two years following, the Army existed as a distinct legal entity before its amalgamation with the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal Canadian Air Force to form
3922-441: The new rifle based on the CTR were delivered to the 4th Canadian Ranger Patrol Group (4 CRPG) in Victoria, British Columbia, in June 2015, while Canadian Ranger instructors from across all CRPGs concurrently attended "train-the-trainer" training at the Small Arms section at the Combat Training Centre , CFB Gagetown , New Brunswick. "Uncontrolled testing" was completed with 100 rifles in Nunavut in August 2015, while controlled testing
3996-423: The passage of the Militia Act of 1855 , the Permanent Active Militia was formed, and in later decades several regular bodies of troops were created, their descendants becoming the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery , the Royal Canadian Dragoons , and the Royal Canadian Regiment . The major operations that regular Canadian troops, in the 19th century, participated in included: the North-West Rebellion in 1885, and
4070-464: The patrol HQ consisting of the patrol commander (sergeant) and the patrol second-in-command (2IC, a master corporal) and 10-member sections, each commanded by a master corporal who is assisted by a corporal. Modern Canadian Rangers can trace their heritage back to the Pacific Coast Militia Rangers (PCMR). Formed on March 3, 1942, the Pacific Coast Militia Rangers were volunteers who patrolled, performed military surveillance, and provided local defence of
4144-446: The previous Canadian Joint Forces HQ. In addition to the four regional command areas, the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre , commanded by a major-general and headquartered at McNaughton Barracks, CFB Kingston , Ontario, is responsible for the supervision, integration and delivery of Army training and doctrine development, including simulation and digitization. It includes a number of schools and training organizations, such as
4218-583: The rank they hold within their patrol and when present on operations or during training events. They are paid in accordance with the standard rates of pay for Class-A (part-time) or Class-B (full-time) Reserve forces, except when they are called out for search and rescue missions or domestic operations (such as fighting floods and wildfires), when they are paid as Class-C Reserves and receive the full Regular Force pay and benefits. The 5,000 Canadian Rangers are split between five Canadian Ranger patrol groups (CRPGs), commanded by lieutenant-colonels and each allocated to
4292-512: The rifle stock is engraved and in black relief. The rifle is designated the C19 rifle. Ammunition for the C19 is a proprietary .308 Winchester round made in Quebec solely for the C-19 and consists of the pairing of existing Canadian Forces' match (sniper) brass cases, paired with the Nosler Accubond 180-grain (12 g) bullet. The ammunition designation is the C-180 round. As of 2015 the DND planned to buy 6,820 rifles. Including development costs, spare parts, and two million rounds of ammunition,
4366-440: The rifle, the accessories package includes a custom-moulded Pelican hard transport case (suitable for commercial aircraft transportation), plus a soft transport case for vehicles, such as snowmobiles and ATVs. The rifle is also outfitted with a custom sling, extra magazines, a trigger lock and custom cleaning kit. The rifle's hard case and soft case, as well as the rifle butt stock feature the Canadian Ranger badge. The Ranger badge on
4440-411: The rifle. Tactical communication is provided via the Iris Digital Communications System . The badge of the Canadian Army consists of: Since 1947, the Canadian Army has produced a peer-reviewed academic journal called the Canadian Army Journal . In 1965, prior to the unification of the Canadian Armed Forces, the journal was merged with similar publications from across the services. In 1980,
4514-428: The rifles were expected to cost $ 28 million. The Canadian Rangers became part of the Canadian Army in October 2007, having previously been under the vice chief of the Defence Staff for the Canadian Armed Forces . The commander of the Canadian Army is the Canadian Ranger National Authority (CRNA), but, this role is delegated down to the Army chief of staff reserve (ACOS Res), a brigadier-general. The commander of
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#17327726758224588-399: The schools of the Combat Training Centre for Army controlled occupations (armour, artillery, infantry, electrical, and mechanical engineers, etc.), or at a Canadian Armed Forces school, such as the Canadian Forces School of Administration and Logistics, or the Defence Public Affairs Learning Centre for Officers from career fields controlled outside the Army. Canada is an industrial nation with
4662-442: The theoretical administrative capacity to support an entire battalion , but typically have the deployable manpower of only one or two platoons . They are perpetuated as such for the timely absorption of recruits during times of war . Current strength of the Army Reserve is approximately 18,500. On 1 April 2008, the Army Reserve absorbed all units of the former Communications Reserve. The Canadian Army comprises: Additionally,
4736-598: The town or village they are from (the Terrace Patrol, in British Columbia, for instance). Prince Charles (since September 8, 2022, Charles III , King of Canada ) was made honorary head of the Canadian Rangers and he and his wife, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (now Queen Camilla ), were each given the Rangers' red sweatshirt and baseball cap by David Illituk of Kugaaruk , Nunavut; Joseph Catholique of Łutselk'e , Northwest Territories; Michael Cameron of Salluit , Quebec; and Kelly Suits of Carcross , Yukon, at Rideau Hall on November 10, 2009. There are five main patrol areas of
4810-414: The unique nature of the Canadian Rangers (including administrative policy, unit establishment and structure, training policy, and logistical policy), and with the financing (overall funding model) of the Canadian Rangers. These staff are not directly within the chain of command and have no authority over the CRPGs, but, are instead seen as the technical and advisory link between the Canadian Ranger units and
4884-530: The unit structures between 3 CRPG and 4 CRPG are very different. 3 CRPG has a unit HQ that contains all its full-time staff and has a number of Canadian Ranger patrols throughout the northern region of its province, whereas 4 CRPG has a unit HQ, a number of traditional sub-units ("companies"), and each company has a number of Canadian Ranger patrols. In all cases, it is the job of the Army full-time staff (mostly Class-B Reserve personnel, except for 1 CRPG whose full-time staff are predominantly Regular Force) allocated to
4958-424: The unit's personnel forming the 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. Further reductions occurred from mid-June to early-July 1970, with the Regular Force unit from the Fort Garry Horse being disbanded on 16 June 1970. The 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Black Watch were reduced to nil strength on 1 July 1970, and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle. Several days later, on 6 July 1970,
5032-430: The use of personal vehicles and equipment and are paid for this use according to the nationally established equipment usage rates. Items that a Canadian Ranger could be reimbursed for include snowmobiles (called light over-snow vehicles, or LOSVs, in the military), all-terrain vehicles , watercraft , trailers, pack horses, sled dog teams, and a variety of tools and equipment (such as radios, chainsaws , generators, and
5106-473: The whole of northern Canada north of the 60th parallel , and 4 CRPG which covers the four western provinces ( British Columbia , Alberta , Saskatchewan , and Manitoba ). Each CRPG has a headquarters and a number of patrols, albeit that 4 CRPG's patrols are managed within a company construct, with provincially oriented companies each commanding their own patrols. The patrols tend to be centred on remote communities throughout Canada and are frequently named after
5180-417: The world. Despite Canada's usual support of British and American initiatives, Canada's land forces did not directly participate in the Suez Crisis , the Vietnam War , or the Iraq War . Command of the Army is exercised by the commander of the Canadian Army within National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa. The Army is divided into four geographical districts: the 2nd Canadian Division is based in Quebec ,
5254-403: The years following its unification with the navy and air force in 1968, the size of Canada's land forces was reduced, however, Canadian troops participated in a number of military actions with Canada's allies. These operations included the Gulf War in 1991 and the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, in addition to various peacekeeping operations under United Nations auspices in different parts of
5328-482: Was badly needed for overseas service. The Pacific Coast Militia Rangers thus had to make do with what was readily available, often patrolling with their own rifles and shotguns. This led Canadian purchasing agents to look to American sources for rifles. At the time the most popular style of rifle in the North American West was the .30WCF (.30-30 calibre) lever action . As such, purchasers considered that
5402-474: Was being manufactured under licence by Colt Canada , set to be in service by 2018. The tender was cancelled in October 2011 due to contractual issues and a new tender was issued in 2014 for replacement rifles with a selection competition in 2015 and the winning design entering service between 2015 and 2019. In April 2015, Colt Canada was selected to produce the rifle under licence. Thirty-three initial examples of
5476-589: Was conducted in November 2015 in the British Columbia interior, facilitated by 4 CRPG. The rifles were tested to ensure they would fire properly and remain accurate at temperatures as low as −51 °C (−60 °F) (laboratory conditions), as well as remain robust and serviceable amidst the rigours of transportation in vehicles and in particular on all-terrain vehicles. They are expected to stop all large predators, including polar bears . Feedback from
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