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74-437: In spite of its French roots the term is not common in the game of French tarot , where the trull cards are called les bouts ("butts", "ends") or, in earlier times, les oudlers , which has no other meaning. In German, they were initially called matadors , a word borrowed from the game (with ordinary cards) of Ombre . The games of the tarot (French) or tarock (German) family are distinguished mainly in that, in addition to

148-538: A talon known as the Cego, the player undertakes to play the Pagat in the first trick, i.e. to leave this high value card with the opponents and try to win the game with the rest of his cards. In a local variant known as Ministrant's Version ( Ministrantenversion ) all three trull cards play an additional special role: In Geregelter Räuber (regulated Thief), where everyone plays against everyone for as few points as possible,

222-482: A 42-card deck, variously called Hungarian Tarock ( Hungarian : Húszashívásos tarokk ), Hungarian Tarokk or Paskievics ( German : Paskiewitsch in Austrian sources). According to McLeod "interest in this fine game may again be increasing." According to research by card game experts, Hungarian Tarock originated in the 19th century from a variant of the Austrian game, Zwanzigerrufen ("Call Twenty"). This

296-672: A complex system of scoring – the Tarock scoring scheme – which usually involves counting the cards in threes and deducting two points each time, but may also use fractions (e. g. 4 1/3), which are subsequently rounded to the nearest natural number . The following three cards form the Trull: Tarock I, the smallest trump, is traditionally called the Pagat . The name is derived from the Italian bagatto , which has no other meaning, but

370-428: A favorable enough hand to open the bidding. With shuffling between deals it is unlikely that any one player will be willing to bid on the hand dealt; this leads to multiple redeals before a hand is actually played. If a player's hand contains no trumps or no court cards (roi, dame, cavalier, valet), the player can declare Misère, which gives the declarer 30 points and subtracts 10 from the other players scores. This bonus

444-416: A non- oudler trump. In this case, the taker has to display which trumps they set aside. An oudler may never be set aside. In earlier rules, still played outside of competitions, in place of the prise and simple garde , there were two bids, in increasing importance: the petite (small) and the pousse (push). The prise is still sometimes known as petite . There are also some players who play without

518-463: A player does not wish to bid, they may "pass" but may not bid after having passed previously. One may only bid higher than the previous bidders. The preneur ("taker", sometimes called declarer as in Bridge ) is the one who wins this auction and who must subsequently try to achieve the contract while the other players are the defenders and attempt to prevent the taker from doing so. The level of bid

592-473: A player to declare a maldonne if their hand has no trumps, or fewer than a given number of combined trumps and face cards. The dog consists of six cards, each hand of 24 cards, dealt in packets of three. 13 trumps are needed for a single handful, 15 for a double handful, 18 for a triple. Hungarian Tarokk The Tarock card game family is represented in Hungary by a variant for four players that uses

666-508: A player who has no trump except the Petit can still play, but the Petit is played like the Fool; if it does not take the trick, it is given back to its owner in exchange for a half-point card. In Petit sec ("dry Petit"), a player who has the Petit but no other trump nor the Fool must announce this; the hand is voided and this round will be redealt by the next dealer. Common house rules also allow

740-433: A simple variation). The 4-player variant is usually considered the most challenging and is the one played in competitions. The following rules are for 4 players. Players draw for the first deal ; the person with the lowest-value card deals first, with suits ordered spades > hearts > diamonds > clubs as a tiebreaker. All trumps rank higher than any suited card; anyone who draws the Fool must redraw. From this point,

814-518: A special card with some additional rules. It can also be lost if it is only played in the last trick; conversely, if a player has previously won all tricks, it can also exceptionally win the last trick. Since the 21 cannot be lost at all and neither, de facto , can the Excuse, it is of great importance to retain or capture the Petit . There is also a bonus when the Petit is played in the last trick for

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888-531: A traditional 78-card tarot deck. The game is played in France and also in French-speaking Canada. It should not be confused with French tarot, which refers to all aspects of cartomancy and games using tarot cards in France. France was one of the first two countries outside of Italy to start playing tarot, the other being Switzerland. While various types of tarot games were played in France since

962-484: Is a common house rule and is not considered "official" by the Fédération Française de Tarot for tournament purposes. If a player has 10 or more trumps in their hand, they can declare a single (10+), double (13+), or triple (15+) "handful" ( poignée ), right before playing their first card. A single handful adds 20 to the scoring. Doubles and triples add 40 and 60, respectively. The bonus is always added to

1036-454: Is based on the strength of a player's hand, usually estimated by counting the points within it. See evaluating one's hand below for a method to determine the points within one's hand. The bids are, in increasing importance: If no one bids, the hand is void and the deal passes to the right. On a prise , pousse or garde , the taker may not set aside a king or a trump, except that if the player cannot discard anything else, they may discard

1110-422: Is dealt one card at a time into the centre of the table, while dealing to the other players. A card may be dealt to the dog at any time, but the dealer may not: A common valid dealing order is player A → player B → dog → player C → dealer, but this is just one permutation and the dealer is free to choose the sequence while following the above rules. A maldonne ( misdeal ) occurs when the dealer makes mistakes in

1184-438: Is led by the player who took the last trick. The leader of a trick can play any card they like. Once the leader of a trick has played a card, everyone else must follow suit . If the first card played in a trick is the Fool, the suit which must be followed is determined by the next card. A player who cannot follow suit must play a trump card if able, and additionally, the player is compelled to overtrump if able (The "Petit" or 1

1258-483: Is multiplied according to the contract; if the contract is Guard Without, the gain or loss for a single hand score is adjusted by 40 points one way or the other. To Slam (in French, chelem ) is to take every trick in the round. "Announced" Slam (made while bidding in the auction) gains 400 points if made. It grants the taker the right (and obligation) to start the first trick. Otherwise, a non-announced Slam made by either

1332-440: Is not possible, a lower-ranked trump, or any card if the player has no trumps, can be played. The Fool ( L'Excuse ) may be played to any trick, instead of following suit or trumping. The Fool never wins the trick, unless it is played to the last trick and the side playing it has taken every previous trick. However, it never changes sides, unless played to the last trick and the side playing it has not won every trick. After playing

1406-515: Is often compared to the Joker in more recent card games. In modern Tarock variants, for example, it is represented as a minstrel , harlequin or vagrant . Traditionally, it is a special card that can be played to any trick, bypassing the suit rules. It can neither win nor lose the trick; if the trick is taken by the player with the highest card, the player of the Fool recovers it to his own pile of tricks. According to most, but not all rules, he gives

1480-479: Is plausible, because its native name, Húszashívásos tarokk , means "Call Twenty Tarock", and also because there are major similarities between the two games, albeit they differ greatly in the way they are played. The other common name for the game is Paskievics (in old Austrian sources Paskiewitsch ), named after Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich who, as the Russian commander-in-chief in 1848 contributed significantly to

1554-586: Is played using a 78-card tarot deck. This deck is composed of: Three cards known as oudlers ( honours ) are of particular importance in the game: the 1 of trumps ( le petit or "Little one"), the 21 of trumps ( le monde or "The World", a holdover from the name of this card in the Tarot of Marseilles), and the Excuse (the Fool). These cards, when captured by the high bidder , lower the point threshold needed to fulfil

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1628-457: Is played with 10 cards in the hand and no talon , but with all 22 tarocks. Only four cards of the two red suits remain. The cards no longer have a point value; instead the tricks won are awarded bonuses. Royal Tarock is usually played with pre-determined partnerships. However, the partners sit next to each other, not opposite one other as in Bridge and Ottocento. Around the turn of the millennium,

1702-501: Is related to bagatelle which refers to "something... that is small and not important". The name probably alludes, therefore, to its status as the lowest trump card. It is also referred to as the Spatz ("sparrow"), a typical German term for a low-value card. There is often a bonus for taking the last trick of a deal with the Pagat and known as Pagat Ultimo. In French Tarock the card is called le petit ("the little one"). Tarock XXI –

1776-400: Is valued lowest, and the "Monde" or 21 is valued highest). If a player must trump but cannot overtrump, they can play any trump. A player who cannot follow suit or trump may play any card to the trick, however it cannot win the trick. If a trump is led to the trick, the others must play a trump, and each trump must exceed the rank of all trump previously played in the trick if possible. If this

1850-467: The bouts have a significance far above their nominal value. How many points a player needs to win the game depends on the number of bouts in his tricks. The cards together are worth 91 points, so a majority would be 46, but a player only needs 41 to win the game if he has two bouts among his tricks and only 36 if he has all three. Conversely, with only one bout he needs 51 points; and with none, as many as 56. The Excuse plays its traditional role as

1924-423: The prise contract, with garde as the minimum allowable bid. First hand leads the first trick, and play proceeds anticlockwise, with every player playing a card to the trick. Tricks are evaluated in a similar fashion as other trick-taking games with a trump suit; the highest trump, if played, takes the trick, and if trump is not played, the highest-value card of the led suit takes the trick. Every subsequent trick

1998-535: The suit cards , their decks have a series of 21 classical, permanent trumps , most of which are numbered with Roman or Arabic numerals . In games of German-language origin the trumps are also called tarocks . The special role of the 'fool' ( Narren ) is described below. Tarock games are trick-taking card games , in which the cards have values in addition to their trick-taking power or ranking. In German these values are known as Augen which means "pips" or "card points". In most variants of Tarock there is, however,

2072-605: The "Mond" – is traditionally the highest tarock. Its name is a false Germanization of the French le monde or Italian il mondo which mean "world" not "moon". In those variants where the Sküs is the highest tarock, the Mond is of course the second highest. In the Black Forest Alemannic dialect used by players of Cego and Dreierles it is called and spelt "Mund". The Fool (German: der Narr ; Italian: il matto )

2146-445: The 1 and 21). Cards are paired, with each counter matched to an ordinary card, and remaining ordinary cards are also paired. The values of pairs are then counted and summed: Each card thus has an individual value; the pairing simply makes it easier to count points. If a card cannot be paired, because there are an odd number in the scoring pile (common with three or five players) or more counters than ordinary cards: The number of points

2220-514: The 16th century, the dominant form now popular is the 19th-century rule set from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté . Historically, tarot games in France were played with the Italian-suited Tarot of Marseilles which had Renaissance allegorical images on the atouts while lacking reversible court cards and trumps and corner indices. For ease of play, the late 19th century French-suited " Tarot Nouveau " or "Bourgeois Tarot" supplanted

2294-480: The Fool is the traditional special card or the highest trump card. Only in regional Italian variants can there be other trump cards that count more than one point. In some Tarock games, such as the Rhaeto-Romanic Troccas , the trull has no meaning beyond its point value and sometimes no collective name. In many others, however, many additional roles are added to it. In French Tarot (3-5 players),

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2368-467: The Fool to a trick, the player who played it simply takes the Fool back, places it into their scoring pile and gives the side who took the trick an "ordinary" card (worth a half-point; see scoring below) from their scoring pile. The official FFT tournament rules do not cover the public or private nature of the contents of scoring piles during play. Generally in trick-taking games, the contents of players' scoring piles are not public information during play of

2442-521: The Marseilles Tarot with depictions of typical fin de siècle genre scenes of French life and leisure. In English, the game is referred to as French Tarot or sometimes as French tarot , however, the latter usually refers to tarot cards of French origin or to cartomantic tarot and not to the game. The name French Tarot is used in English to differentiate the card game from other uses of

2516-648: The Moon i.e. to seize the opponent's trump XXI with the Skiz. Nevertheless, the name of this card has been lost in Hungarian, it is simply huszonegy ("twenty-one"), and its capture is huszonegyfogás . As in Königrufen , it counts as a bonus, which may be declared beforehand, if a player has the trull in his tricks at the end of the game. In Hungarian Tarock, however, it is customary to declare them only to indicate that

2590-469: The Moon. If players agree to a Kaiserstich ("Imperial Capture") or Märchenstick ("Fairytale Capture"), then the Pagat wins if the entire trull is played to one trick. Analogous to trull, is the "Royal Trull" ( Königstrull ), when one side has all four Kings in its tricks. Usually this counts as much as the trull. It is in Hungarian Tarokk that the trull cards, also called 'honours', have

2664-856: The Trull is the Droll or Drull and the bonus is the Drullrolle . The Fool is the Gstieß , Stieß or der Alt ("the Old Man"), the Tarock 21 is usually just the 21 or 21-er but in one circle is known as the Eisen ("Iron") and, as in Cego, the Pagat is the Pfeif , Pfeife or Pfiff . French tarot The game of French Tarot is a trick-taking strategy tarot card game played by three to five players using

2738-495: The above example would make the taker's score 510, thus it balances out. This is not the only scoring method; the alternative is seen below. After each round, the cards are gathered, cut by the previous dealer, and dealt by the person to the right of the previous dealer. The cards are not commonly shuffled other than the "soft shuffling" that occurs as a natural result of playing the cards. By not shuffling, groups of desirable cards are kept together such that one person generally has

2812-429: The above procedure occur when the Excuse is played to the last trick, and what happens depends on whether the side playing the Fool has taken all the previous tricks (see Chelem /Slam below). If the side has taken all previous tricks, the card takes the last trick; if not, it changes hands to the other side, even if the trick is won by a partner or fellow defender of the person playing it. For 3 or 4 players (5 with

2886-422: The absolute (non-negative) difference between the points earned by the taker and the threshold, and, if any, the Petit au bout bonus. This quantity is multiplied by the appropriate multiplier for the taker's bid level (see Bidding), and then two additional bonuses may be added if they apply; the poignée or "handful" bonus, and the chelem or slam bonus (see below for descriptions of bonuses). Thus, calculation of

2960-426: The contract. In colloquial French, oudlers are often referred to as bouts (ends). The ranking of the hearts , clubs , diamonds and spades from the top is: King , Queen , Knight , Jack , 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ( Ace ). The only card with a special effect is the "Fool", L'Excuse . The Excuse may be played on any trick; it "excuses" the player from following suit. However, it normally doesn't win

3034-443: The deal will pass to the right (anticlockwise) for each subsequent deal. The player at the left of the dealer cuts the deck. The dealer then deals out the entire deck, anticlockwise, starting with first hand. Each player is dealt their cards in packets of three consecutive cards at a time (they will each receive 6 such packets for a total of 18 cards). In addition, a chien (lit. "dog", alt. "kitty", " talon " or "nest") of 6 cards

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3108-412: The dealing; if this happens, the hand is redealt, either by the same dealer or the next in rotation. Players inspect, sort and evaluate their hands, and then move on to the bidding round. Before the bidding phase, if one player has a "Petit sec" (only one trump in hand, and it is the Petit, and does not have the Fool), then the player has to announce it and the hand is redealt. If it is discovered later in

3182-489: The declaring player has no additional trumps. This bonus is not multiplied according to the contract. When the last trick contains the Petit (1 of trump), 10 points is added to or deducted from the hand score before multiplying. Whether it is added or subtracted depends on which would most benefit the side taking the trick with the Petit au bout (One at the End). Usually, when one side (taker or defenders) makes Petit au bout but

3256-540: The earliest account appeared around 1637 in Nevers . This describes a three-player, 78-card game played with an Italian-suited pack with the Fool acting as an Excuse and the suits ranking in their 'original' order i.e. with numeral cards in the suits of Cups and Coins ranking from Ace (high) to Ten (low). This ranking is retained in all Tarot games today except in France and Sicily. In France, Tarot remained in vogue until 1650, but then its popularity steadily waned to

3330-522: The early 16th century onwards, although it is unclear whether one was derived from the other. Tarot was introduced into France in the early 16th century as a result of the First and Second Italian Wars (1494–1522) and is widely recorded in French literature of that century, the earliest reference being that by Rabelais in Gargantua in 1534. By 1622 it had become more popular in France than chess and

3404-517: The end of the 14th century and may have been introduced first through Italy or Catalonia . Tarot cards are first mentioned in the mid-15th century in Italy. Initially called trionfi , meaning "triumph", whence the name "trump" in English, the Italians later called them tarocchi as the idea of trumps spread to other card games. Both the Italian word tarocchi and the French word tarot occur from

3478-593: The form of Droggn – a Tarot game with similarities to old French Tarot – into Austrian Tyrol. It is also recorded that French soldiers were issued with Tarot packs during the Franco-Prussian War (1870), First World War (1914–18) and Algerian War (1954–62), leading in each case to the spread of le jeu de Tarot throughout France according to Dummett and Berloquin. In 1973, the French Tarot Federation ( Fédération Française de Tarot )

3552-439: The game points. This can be announced in advance and then counts twice. There is another (also announced) bonus if the Pagat wins the last trick ( Pagat Ultimo ). Although it isn't in all rules, there is often another bonus for capturing the Moon ( Mondfang ), if the Moon is taken by the Sküs. Rules vary as to whether this may also be declared in advance, whether it only counts if taken from opponents or when one's partner captures

3626-399: The game that a player had a "Petit sec", then it is also annulled and redealt by the following dealer. The players look at the cards they have been dealt, and an auction begins, beginning with first hand and rotating anticlockwise. By bidding, a player states their confidence that they will be able to meet a set contract (see below ) and sets the terms by which they will try to do so. If

3700-557: The game was imported to Austria where it enjoys increasing popularity at least in Vienna . This is essentially the Illustrated Hungarian Tarock with some contracts from High Tarock. To avoid confusion with an Austrian three-player variant, also called Illustrated Tarock , Austrian Tarock experts gave the game the name Illustrated Zwanzigerrufen ( Illustriertes Zwanzigerrufen ). This card game –related article

3774-422: The greatest role (4 players). It is only possible for a player to bid , and thus compete to become the declarer, if he has a trull card. The Skíz , i.e. the Fool, is the highest trump card. The three cards together are called trull , tuli , trúl or, based on the original French expression, tulétroá (from French tous les trois , "all three"). The game is primarily aimed at the bonus associated with capturing

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3848-416: The hand score depending on whether the taker made or missed the contract. The sum of all scores for each hand, and thus the sum of the running totals after each hand, should be zero. For example, a Garde Sans bid with a simple handful won by player A by a margin of 12 points gives the following hand score: ((25 + 12 + 0) × 4) + 20 + 0 = 168 points. This score is deducted from the scores of all defenders and

3922-429: The hand score is expressed by the formula where: If the taker beats the target score, this hand score is deducted from the score of each defender. If the taker misses the target score, this score is added to the score of each defender. The opposite of the sum of the defenders' gain or loss is then added to or deducted from the taker's score to balance the scores; with four players, the taker will gain or lose three times

3996-400: The hand score, so if a player thinks that his or her side may not win, they might not want to declare a handful, so as not to give the other side points. The declaring player must show at least the number of trump cards for the level of the bonus declared. The Fool counts as a trump for the purposes of declaring handfuls, but if shown it gives information to other players as it usually means that

4070-420: The hand, except in cases where a revoke is suspected (a player not following suit, trumping or overtrumping when it was possible for them to do so). A player is neither required to divulge the contents of the score pile nor permitted to look through it except as necessary to find a half-point card to replace the Fool. When the last trick has been played, the round ends. The taker counts the number of oudlers and

4144-577: The late 18th century in France, Tarot cards first became associated with fortune telling, a practice that eventually spread to much of the Western world. However, the cards preferred for divination are the older Italian-suited packs or bespoke modern designs, which have occultic symbology, rather than the packs with scenes of everyday life like the French Tarot Nouveau, German Cego and Austro-Hungarian Industrie und Glück packs. The game

4218-424: The late 20th century, Dr. Endre Kovács, the most famous expert on the game, developed another variant, High Tarock ( Magas tarokk ), with 10 additional contracts. However, it did not take off. Royal Tarock , developed by Zoltán Gerots with 70 bonuses and contracts, deviates quite strongly from Hungarian Tarock, because two cards are removed and also card values are omitted. This variant, like Austrian Zwanzigerrufen,

4292-421: The other side was successful in either making or breaking contract, the bonus is subtracted; when one side is successful in the contract and also makes Petit au bout , the bonus is added. If the side attempting the Petit au bout wins all the tricks, the player gets the petit au bout bonus if the Petit was played at the second to last trick (and won the trick) and the Fool was played at the last trick. This bonus

4366-503: The penultimate trick ( uhu ), but this must be announced in advance if it is to count as a bonus. Furthermore, there is a special bonus for winning the first six tricks and the sixth with the XXI ( kismadár , "little bird"). Similarly, winning the first seven tricks, the seventh of which is Skíz, nagymadár ("great bird"), attracts a bonus. These two must also be announced in advance. The Baden game of Cego attributes no collective value to

4440-415: The point value of all cards in the taker's scoring pile. Alternatively, if the taker has taken the majority of tricks, the defenders can pool their scoring piles and count their oudlers and points; the taker has all remaining points. Cards for scoring purposes are divided into two groups: "counters" (face cards and oudlers ) and "ordinary" cards or cartes basses (any suited pip card, and any trump except

4514-581: The point where, in 18th century France, it was barely played outside the Provence region. The game experienced a revival in the course of the late 18th and 19th centuries. The original Italian-suited cards typified by the Tarot de Marseille came to be viewed as Italian and were replaced by French designs, notably the Tarot Nouveau . There is some evidence that Napoleon's troops introduced Tarot, in

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4588-472: The role of the special card in English tarot literature. In most Tarock variants from the former Habsburg monarchy the Sküs took over the role of the 22nd and highest trump card, retaining its name, despite its new role. The Trull plays a special role in the rules of almost all Tarock card games. The (rounded up) value of each card in the trull is five points, while all other trump cards (usually 19) count only one point each. This applies regardless of whether

4662-469: The side that wins the trick. In contrast to Austrian Tarock variants, the Petit does not have to be captured by oneself, but may also be won by a partner. In the Austrian Tarock game, Königrufen (4 players), the trull cards have several additional functions. The Sküs is the highest trump card. Whoever has the complete trull in his tricks at the end receives an additional bonus in addition to

4736-430: The sum of this loss is added to the taker's score, hence the scorecard: Some players prefer to round the scores to the nearest 10 points after each game, however care must be taken as the scores should still sum to zero. Rounding each of the above scores independently yields 500 − 170 − 170 − 170 = −10. If rounding is to be done, the defenders' scores should be rounded and the taker's score adjusted accordingly. Doing so in

4810-596: The suppression of the Hungarian Revolution . This may be why 48 points are needed to win the game (depending on the sub-variant). In the 1920s, Károly Lingel and Lajos Polyák developed a refined version with several additional contracts which, according to tarock players, greatly increase the fun of the game. This variation was widely played in Hungary as Illustrated [Hungarian] Tarock ( Illusztrált tarokk ) or Palatine Tarock ( Palatinusz tarokk ). In

4884-431: The taker needs depends on how many of the oudlers (Excuse, Petit, 21 of trumps) are among the tricks won by the taker. There are 91 points to be taken in a round, so if the taker has: Scoring in Tarot is "zero-sum"; when one player gains points, one or more other players lose an equal number. To calculate the basic "hand score" that is to be added or deducted, the scorer starts with a basic score of 25 points, then adds

4958-451: The taker or the defenders gains 200 points. Failure to fulfill a pre-declared Slam costs the announcer 200 points. This bonus is not multiplied according to the contract. "Petit Slam" is a bid to take every trick but three. It is, like the misère , unofficial. An unannounced Petit Slam is worth 150 points, while an announced slam can gain the taker 300 points or lose them 150 if they make or miss. In Petit imprenable ("untouchable Petit"),

5032-539: The tarot deck that are more familiar in the Americas and English-speaking countries, particularly the decks used for cartomancy and other divinatory purposes, and also to distinguish it from other card games played with a tarot deck. The unique feature that distinguishes French Tarot from other forms of tarot games is the overtrumping rule. In France it is just known as jeu de Tarot . Cards appeared in Europe towards

5106-399: The trick. The card also normally remains the property of the person who played it, not the winner of that trick; to compensate for this in the scoring count, the owner of the Excuse should instead give the winner of the trick a half-point card (a trump other than an oudler , or a suited number card; see Scoring ) from the tricks the Excuse holder has already taken. Two common exceptions to

5180-471: The trull and therefore has no name for it. The smallest trump - which has numerous regional names, such as der Kleine Mann (the Little Man), Pagat , Babberle , Geiß (goat) or Pfeif (pipe or whistle, also pejorative for "lame duck") - plays special roles. A special game called Ultimo can be declared, in which the sole object is to win the last trick with the Pagat . In the highest normal game with

5254-665: The trull cards must be played in the first three tricks: the Stiess to the first, the Mond to the second and the Geiss to the third. To comply with this rule, players may ignore the requirement to follow suit. There is a variant of Tapp Tarock in Baden, known as Dreierles , in which the Trull does feature as a bonus. In Dreierles, the Tarocks are known in the local dialect as Drucks and

5328-424: The two "high" trull pieces are with the same team, which can make expensive additional declarations possible. The pagát can be played as a bonus to win the last trick ( ultimo ), either announced in advance or taken "quietly" for half the points. In the "illustrated" form of Hungarian Tarokk, which has many additional contracts, the trull cards acquired further roles. For example, the pagát can also be played in

5402-477: The winner of the trick a blank (worthless card) from his own tricks instead. In the French Tarot variants, the Fool is traditionally played with a ritualized excuse, comparable to a tennis player who says "Sorry" after hitting the ball into the net. Thus it is also called l'excuse , from which developed its German name Sküs and other dialect expressions like Gstieß . "Excuse" is also the technical term for

5476-469: Was formed and, by the late 20th century, Tarot had become the second-most popular card game in France, only trailing Belote . Part of the reason why French Tarot persisted is the fact that the rules have been very consistent wherever the game is played. However, it is important to note that details of play outside of officially sanctioned tournaments may vary from circle to circle so that the known rules and terminologies are more typical than definitive. In

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