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135-654: The Pakenham line is a weekdays-only commuter railway line on the Melbourne metropolitan railway network serving the city of Melbourne in Victoria , Australia . Operated by Metro Trains Melbourne , the line is coloured light blue and is one of the two lines that constitute the Caulfield group . It is the city's longest metropolitan railway line at 57 kilometres (35 mi). The line runs from Flinders Street station in central Melbourne to East Pakenham station in

270-519: A consortium composed of CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles , Downer Rail and Plenary Group . Previously, the Pakenham line was served by a fleet of Comeng and Siemens Nexas trains. The oldest Comeng trains (stage 1 and some stage 2) have been retired and scrapped as part of the HCMT introduction, however, some of these trains have been displaced onto other Melbourne metropolitan lines. In comparison,

405-502: A fixed block three position signalling system designed for lower frequencies and less services. However, the ageing system had undermined reliability due to the presence of system faults and limited frequencies, requiring the Pakenham, Cranbourne, and Sunbury lines to upgrade their signalling system. Since 2021, high-capacity signalling (HCS) has been rolling out on the Pakenham, Cranbourne, and Sunbury lines, allowing trains to safely run closer together and run more frequently. The new system

540-436: A M 156 and V 56 Jolimont Workshops circa 1980s a M 156 Jolimont Workshops circa 1980s a M 156 Jolimont Workshops circa 1980s When 113M was painted into the new livery, the destination board was altered to read " Petronius 210 ", because staff apparently thought that the new livery represented an "illusion of progress". Both vehicles have been preserved and are stored at Newport Workshops awaiting restoration. As part of

675-651: A city's central business district, and often share right-of-way with intercity or freight trains. Some services operate only during peak hours and others use fewer departures during off peak hours and weekends. Average speeds are high, often 50 km/h (30 mph) or higher. These higher speeds better serve the longer distances involved. Some services include express services which skip some stations in order to run faster and separate longer distance riders from short-distance ones. The general range of commuter trains' travel distance varies between 15 and 200 km (10 and 125 miles), but longer distances can be covered when

810-457: A double-ended M car, to seven cars. The Swing Door carriages were originally steam-hauled bogie passenger cars, 45 feet (14 m) long or 50 feet (15 m) long, the majority of which were built between 1887 and 1893. When converted to electric traction between 1917 and 1924, the cars were extended by two compartments to a total length of 60 feet (18 m), and the driving (motor) cars were placed on new under-frames and bogies to accommodate

945-653: A fleet of electric multiple unit (EMU) High Capacity Metro Trains operating in a seven-car configuration, with three doors per side on each carriage and can accommodate of up to 1,380 passengers in each train-set. Shared with the Cranbourne, Sunbury, and Airport lines, the rolling stock will consist of 70 High Capacity Metro Trains (HCMT), once fully delivered. They are built in Changchun , China , with final assembly occurring in Newport , Melbourne , by Evolution Rail,

1080-413: A headway rather than a published timetable and use dedicated tracks (underground or elevated), whereas commuter rail often shares tracks, technology and the legal framework within mainline railway systems, and uses rolling stocks with more seating and higher speed for comfort on longer city-suburban journeys. However, the classification as a metro or rapid rail can be difficult as both may typically cover

1215-581: A metropolitan area exclusively, run on separate tracks in the centre, and often feature purpose-built rolling stock. The fact that the terminology is not standardised across countries (even across English-speaking countries) further complicates matters. This distinction is most easily made when there are two (or more) systems such as New York's subway and the LIRR and Metro-North Railroad , Paris' Métro and RER along with Transilien , Washington D.C.'s Metro along with its MARC and VRE , London's tube lines of

1350-546: A seven-car formation operated by High Capacity Metro Trains . Sections of the Pakenham line opened as early as 1859, with the line fully extended to Pakenham in October 1877. A limited number of stations were first opened, with infill stations progressively opened between 1879 and 2012. The line was built to connect Melbourne with the rural towns of Caulfield , Oakleigh , and Dandenong , amongst others. Significant growth has occurred since opening, with an extension to open on

1485-593: Is being delivered by CPB Contractors and Bombardier Transportation under the Rail Systems Alliance. These works valued at $ 1 billion includes the roll-out of 55 kilometres (34 mi) of HCS and communications systems on the aforementioned lines, allowing an increase in reliability and frequency. The line will be equipped with Bombardier’s CityFlo 650 communications-based train control system , that will enable operation at 2–3 minute headways. The upgrading works were completed in phases from 2021. With

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1620-935: Is especially the case for lines operated by Korail , such as the Gyeongui-Jungang Line , the Gyeongchun Line , the Suin-Bundang Line , or the Gyeonggang Line . Even some lines not operated by Korail, such as the AREX Line, the Seohae Line or the Shinbundang Line mostly function as commuter rail. Lastly, even for the "numbered lines" (1–9) of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway which mostly travel in

1755-603: Is heavily used by commuters in the Greater Tokyo Area , who commute between 100 and 200 km (62 and 124 mi) by Shinkansen . To meet the demand of commuters, JR sells commuter discount passes. Before 2021, they operated 16-car bilevel E4 Series Shinkansen trains at rush hour, providing a capacity of 1,600 seats. Several lines in China, such as the Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway and

1890-413: Is likely that, if they had been converted to T trailer cars, they may have been numbered 113T, 120T and 122T, and it is possible that 126T had not been intended as the highest-numbered class member. On 29 January 1924, those three carriages were restored to their 1910 identities of 54, 63 and 66B respectively. All three cars had the same alternate compartment arrangement as 110T and 111T. However, in practice

2025-417: Is often a case of asset sweating , by using a single large combined fleet for intercity and regional services. Loco hauled services are usually run in push-pull formation, that is, the train can run with the locomotive at the "front" or "rear" of the train (pushing or pulling). Trains are often equipped with a control cab at the other end of the train from the locomotive, allowing the train operator to operate

2160-1963: Is one suburban rail called the Chittagong Circular Railway . Another suburban railway called the Dhaka Circular Railway is currently proposed. Karachi in Pakistan has a circular railway since 1969. Tehran Metro currently operates the Line 5 commuter line between Tehran and Karaj . Turkey has lines connecting Başkentray , İZBAN , Marmaray and Gaziray . Major metropolitan areas in most European countries are usually served by extensive commuter/suburban rail systems. Well-known examples include BG Voz in Belgrade (Serbia), S-Bahn in Germany, Austria and German-speaking areas of Switzerland, Proastiakos in Greece, RER in France and Belgium, Servizio ferroviario suburbano in Italy, Cercanías and Rodalies ( Catalonia ) in Spain, CP Urban Services in Portugal, Esko in Prague and Ostrava (Czech Republic), HÉV in Budapest (Hungary) and DART in Dublin (Ireland). London has multiple commuter rail routes: The Merseyrail network in Liverpool consists of two commuter rail routes powered by third rail, both of which branch out at one end. At

2295-470: Is operationally more like a typical metro system (frequent trains, an emphasis on standing passengers , short station spacings) than it is like commuter rail in other countries. Japanese commuter rail commonly interline with city center subway lines, with commuter rail trains continuing into the subway network, and then out onto different commuter rail systems on the other side of the city. Many Japanese commuter systems operate various stopping patterns to reduce

2430-404: Is predominantly doubled tracked, however between Flinders Street and Richmond , the corridor is widened to 12 tracks, narrowing to six tracks between Richmond and South Yarra before again narrowing to four tracks between South Yarra and Caulfield . After Caulfield station, the corridor again narrows to two tracks for the rest of the route. The only underground section of the Pakenham line is in

2565-526: Is still possible to tell them apart. Some operators, for example Thameslink , focus solely on commuter services. Others, such as Avanti West Coast and LNER , run solely intercity services. Others still, such as GWR and EMR , run a mixture of commuter, regional and intercity services. Some of these operators use different branding for different types of service (for example EMR brands its trains as either "InterCity", "Connect" for London commuter services, and "Regional") but even for those operators that do not,

2700-579: Is used in Australia (Sydney for example) to describe the regional trains operating beyond the boundaries of the suburban services, even though some of these "inter-city" services stop all stations similar to German regional services. In this regard, the German service delineations and naming conventions are clearer and better used for academic purposes. Sometimes high-speed rail can serve daily use of commuters. The Japanese Shinkansen high speed rail system

2835-426: Is widely used in many commuter rail trains to increase capacity in rush hours. Carriages are usually not organized to increase seating capacity (although in some trains at least one carriage would feature more doors to facilitate easier boarding and alighting and bench seats so that they can be folded up during rush hour to provide more standing room) even in the case of commuting longer than 50 km and commuters in

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2970-919: The Brisbane ( Queensland Rail 's City network ) and Perth ( Transperth ) systems in Australia, in some systems in Sweden, and on the Genoa-Casella line in Italy. Some countries and regions, including Finland , India, Pakistan, Russia , Brazil and Sri Lanka, as well as San Francisco ( BART ) in the US and Melbourne and Adelaide in Australia, use broad gauge track. Metro rail and rapid transit usually cover smaller inner-urban areas within 12 to 20 km (7 to 12 mi) of city centers, with shorter stop spacing, use rolling stocks with larger standing spaces, lower top speed and higher acceleration, designed for short-distance travel. They also run more frequently, to

3105-769: The Chennai MRTS , also covers over 300 stations and carries more than 2.5 million people daily to different areas in Chennai and its surroundings. Other commuter railways in India include the Hyderabad MMTS , Delhi Suburban Railway , Pune Suburban Railway and Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway . In 2020, Government of India approved Bengaluru Suburban Railway to connect Bengaluru and its suburbs. It will be unique and first of its kind in India as it will have metro like facilities and rolling stock. In Bangladesh, there

3240-528: The Greater Tokyo Area , Seoul metropolitan area , and Jabodetabek area have to stand in the train for more than an hour. Currently there are not many examples of commuter rail in Africa . Metrorail operates in the major cities of South Africa , and there are some commuter rail services in Algeria , Botswana , Kenya , Morocco , Egypt and Tunisia . In Algeria, SNTF operates commuter rail lines between

3375-845: The Guangshen Railway have more frequent metro-like service. The two MTR lines which are owned and formerly operated by the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation ( East Rail line and Tuen Ma line which is integrated from the former West Rail line and Ma On Shan line in 2021), then the "KCR" ), and MTR's own Tung Chung line connect the new towns in New Territories and the city centre Kowloon together with frequent intervals, and some New Territories-bound trains terminate at intermediate stations, providing more frequent services in Kowloon and

3510-585: The Jakarta city center with surrounding cities and sub-urbans in Banten and West Java provinces, including Depok , Bogor , Tangerang , Serpong , Rangkasbitung , Bekasi and Cikarang . In July 2015, KRL Commuterline served more than 850,000 passengers per day, which is almost triple of the 2011 figures, but still less than 3.5% of all Jabodetabek commutes. Other commuter rail systems in Indonesia include

3645-554: The Level Crossing Removal Project . From 2025, services will cease to stop at Flinders Street , Southern Cross , Flagstaff , Melbourne Central , Parliament , Richmond and South Yarra stations due to the opening of the Metro Tunnel . From March-June 2024, Narre Warren and Pakenham stations were elevated as part of Level Crossing Removal Project . Once the Metro Tunnel has been constructed,

3780-1023: The Metro Surabaya Commuter Line , Commuter Line Bandung , KAI Commuter Yogyakarta–Solo Line , Kedung Sepur , and the Sri Lelawangsa . In the Philippines, the Philippine National Railways has two commuter rail systems currently operational; the PNR Metro Commuter Line in the Greater Manila Area and the PNR Bicol Commuter in the Bicol Region . A new commuter rail line in Metro Manila,

3915-614: The North–South Commuter Railway , is currently under construction. Its North section is set to be partially opened by 2021. In Malaysia, there are two commuter services operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu . They are the KTM Komuter that serves Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding Klang Valley area , and the KTM Komuter Northern Sector that serves Greater Penang , Perak , Kedah and Perlis in

4050-767: The Shanghai–Nanjing High-Speed Railway , serve a similar role with many more under construction or planned. In South Korea, some sections of the high-speed rail network are also heavily used by commuters, such as the section between Gwangmyeong Station and Seoul Station on the KTX network ( Gyeongbu HSR Line ), or the section between Dongtan Station and Suseo station on the SRT Line. The high-speed services linking Zürich , Bern and Basel in Switzerland (200 km/h (120 mph)) have brought

4185-588: The Underground and the Overground , Elizabeth line , Thameslink along with other commuter rail operators , Madrid's Metro and Cercanías , Barcelona's Metro and Rodalies , and Tokyo's subway and the JR lines along with various privately owned and operated commuter rail systems. Regional rail usually provides rail services between towns and cities, rather than purely linking major population hubs in

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4320-605: The Yamanote Line , Keihin Tohoku Line , Chūō–Sōbu Line services arguably are more akin to rapid transit with frequent stops, simple stopping patterns (relative to other JR East lines) no branching services and largely serving the inner suburbs; other services along the Chūō Rapid Line , Sōbu Rapid Line / Yokosuka Line , Ueno–Tokyo Line , Shōnan–Shinjuku Line etc. are mid-distance services from suburban lines in

4455-477: The 1921 recoding, they became 156M and 157M respectively and, over the following years, cars 155M and 158M-164M were planned to be converted ex AC, BC or ABC cars. In the period 1921-1922, they all entered service as single-ended M-coded vehicles. The first to be converted to double-ended operation was 162M in 1926, followed by 159M, 163M and 164M in 1929 (around the same time 157M was recoded), 155M in 1932 and 158M in 1937, each recoded to ABM as they were released from

4590-639: The 1999 privatisation of Melbourne's rail network, four different government operators have run the line. These operators, Victorian Railways , the Metropolitan Transit Authority , the Public Transport Corporation and Bayside Trains have a combined operational length of 122 years. Bayside Trains was privatised in August 1999 and later rebranded M>Train . In 2002, M>Train was placed into receivership and

4725-502: The 300 km/h (186 mph) Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway . The regional trains Stockholm – Uppsala , Stockholm– Västerås , Stockholm– Eskilstuna and Gothenburg – Trollhättan in Sweden reach 200 km/h (120 mph) and have many daily commuters. In Great Britain , the HS1 domestic services between London and Ashford runs at a top speed of 225 km/h, and in peak hours

4860-562: The AC 1st-class cars listed became ACD, 1st-class driving trailers, except Nos. 63 and 70; all BC 2nd-class cars listed bar 12BC became BCD, and none of the ABC cars went to a classed electric carriage. By 1924, all thirty-two carriages had become 1st-class D cars. All the ex-AC types had seven compartments except for 63 and 70, and the ex-ABC and BC cars, which had eight compartments. In all cases, three compartments were reserved for smoking passengers and

4995-503: The AT classification. BT cars became 27T to 111T, plus 126T. 109T, 110T, 111T, and 126T had been the pre-conversion odd vehicles 20AB, 49B, 51B, and 108B. As Tait-type rolling stock entered service from 1925 onwards, some swing-door T cars were returned to steam passenger service, with modifications for electric running removed and gas lighting re-instated, although the extra compartments were retained. The first three were 87BT, 94BT and 96BT. It

5130-528: The Central Business Districts (CBDs) of these three cities within 1 hour of each other. This has resulted in unexpectedly high demand for new commuter trips between the three cities and a corresponding increase in suburban rail passengers accessing the high-speed services at the main city-centre stations ( Hauptbahnhof ). The Regional-Express commuter service between Munich and Nuremberg in Germany runs at 200 km/h (120 mph) on

5265-553: The City Loop, instead operating via the north-south Metro Tunnel corridor. In 2002, after the closure of the nearby General Motors factory in 1991, General Motors station closed permanently after 46 years of operation. A 2007 restructure of train ticketing in Melbourne involved the removal of Zone 3, with Zone 3 stations being re-classified to Zone 2. This brought the cost of train fares down, improving system accessibility to

5400-416: The City Loop, where the service stops at 3 underground stations. Exiting the city, the Pakenham line traverses mainly flat country with few curves and fairly minimal earthworks for most of the line. However, between South Yarra and Malvern , the rail corridor has been lowered into a cutting to eliminate level crossings , and between Malvern and Caulfield, the corridor has been raised on an embankment for

5535-495: The Cranbourne line with the two services splitting onto different routes at Dandenong . The Pakenham line continues on its eastern alignment, whereas the Cranbourne line takes a southerly alignment towards its final destination of Cranbourne station . Most of the rail line goes through built-up suburbs and some industrial areas, but after Dandenong , the line passes through more open countryside, including open fields and farms, particularly after Beaconsfield . This outer portion of

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5670-570: The East Rail Line share tracks with intercity trains to mainland China . The three KCR lines are integrated into the MTR network since 2008 and most passengers do not need to exit and re-enter the system through separate fare gates and purchase separate tickets to transfer between such lines and the rest of the network (the exceptions are between the Tuen Ma line's East Tsim Sha Tsui station and

5805-405: The G carriages for other services. The first two withdrawals of T Swing Door cars were in 1953 and 1956, with 46T and 86T respectively. 26 (ex 39), 65, 70 and 166T were withdrawn in 1957, and twelve cars in 1958. Mass withdrawals started at the end of 1961 with 91T, and an average of ten cars per year were withdrawn from then until the end of 1974. Some cars were converted to workmen's sleepers, but

5940-486: The Level Crossing Removal Project that involves station rebuilds and upgrades, individual station upgrade projects, and associated Metro Tunnel works. These works have made significant strides in improving network accessibility, with more than 60% of Pakenham line stations classed as fully accessible. This number is expected to grow within the coming years, as a network restructure associated with

6075-493: The Netherlands carry many commuters, while their equipment, range, and speeds are similar to those of commuter trains in some larger countries. The United Kingdom has a privatised rail system, with different routes and services covered by different private operators. The distinction between commuter and intercity rail is not as clear as it was before privatisation (when InterCity existed as a brand of its own), but usually it

6210-565: The Pakenham East Depot opened for the newly acquired High Capacity Metro Trains . This depot has stabling capacity for 30 seven-car trains with train maintenance, driver training, and washing facilities present onsite. Announced in 2021, the Pakenham line was extended one stop east to East Pakenham . The extension involved the removal of the Main Street and Racecourse Road level crossings, the elevation of Pakenham station,

6345-644: The Pakenham and Cranbourne line will be routed through to Sunbury . Services on the Pakenham line operates from approximately 4:00 am to around 11:30 daily. In general, during peak hours, train frequency is 5 minutes on the Dandenong corridor (combined with the Cranbourne line ) and 10 minutes in the AM peak on the Pakenham Line while during non-peak hours the frequency is reduced to 20–30 minutes throughout

6480-503: The Pakenham line are also subjected to maintenance and renewal works, usually on selected Fridays and Saturdays. Shuttle bus services are provided throughout the duration of works for affected commuters. Legend — Station status Legend — Stopping patterns Some services do not operate via the City Loop The Pakenham line has had a total of 7 operators since its opening in 1877. The majority of operations throughout its history have been government run: from its first service in 1877 until

6615-419: The Pakenham line one stop east to a new station in Pakenham East as part of the Level Crossing Removal Project . This extension opened on 3 June 2024. Since the 2010s, due to the heavily utilised infrastructure of the Pakenham line, significant improvements and upgrades have been made. A $ 15 billion upgrade of the corridor included the replacement of sleepers , the introduction of new signalling technology,

6750-579: The Siemens Nexas trains have not been retired, instead being moved onto other lines to replace older Comeng sets. Since the end of 2022, the Pakenham line is almost exclusively operated by High Capacity Metro Trains. Alongside the passenger trains, Pakenham line tracks and equipment are maintained by a fleet of engineering trains. The four types of engineering trains are: the shunting train; designed for moving trains along non-electrified corridors and for transporting other maintenance locomotives, for track evaluation; designed for evaluating track and its condition,

6885-737: The Swing Door conversion project, a fleet of driving-trailer carriages were constructed. A total of 32 carriages were eventually built to that design. All weighed 26 long tons 10 cwt (59,400 lb or 26.9 t), with capacity for 30 smoking passengers and either 40 or 50 non-smoking passengers. Externally, all carriages were 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) wide, and numbers 1-19 and 24-27D were 59 ft 9 in (18.21 m) over body, 61 ft 8 in (18.80 m) over buffers, while 20-23 and 28-32D were 9 + 3 ⁄ 4  in (250 mm) shorter in both dimensions. The first group of longer cars had their bogies spaced at 45 ft 6 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (13.881 m) and

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7020-402: The Tait fleet had also been delivered by 1927. For the majority of the day, four-car blocks would have run most services, with the single motor cars running short-distance trains, such as to Ashburton and Hurstbridge. The pairs were reserved for flatter lines, such as the like Newport-Altona branch, sometimes in pairs (M-D+M-D) in place of a regular four-car block. In peak hours on quieter lines,

7155-411: The Tsuen Wan line's Tsim Sha Tsui station . In Taiwan, the Western line in the Taipei - Taoyuan Metropolitan Area, Taichung Metropolitan Area and Tainan - Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area as well as the Neiwan - Liujia line in the Hsinchu Area are considered commuter rail. In South Korea, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway includes a total of 22 lines, and some of its lines are suburban lines. This

7290-473: The U.S., German S-Bahn in some cities, the Réseau Express Régional (RER) in Paris, the S Lines in Milan, many Japanese commuter systems, the East Rail line in Hong Kong, and some Australasian suburban networks, such as Sydney Trains . Many commuter rail systems share tracks with other passenger services and freight . In North America, commuter rail sometimes refers only to systems that primarily operate during rush hour and offer little to no service for

7425-457: The addition of two new stations at Keilor East and Melbourne Airport. Construction started in 2022 with services expected to begin in 2029. The Level Crossing Removal Project has announced the removal of all 22 remaining level crossings on the Pakenham line, to be completed in stages from 2018 to 2025. All level crossings between Caulfield and Dandenong were removed in 2018 as part of the Caulfield to Dandenong skyrail project. This included

7560-445: The bogie passenger compartment fleet consisted of a range of A, AB, and B type carriages of 45 ft and 50 ft lengths. They were respectively of the 1st, composite and 2nd class, with capacities around 70 passengers each. Most of the carriages dated from the late 1880s, though 51B and 54B entered service in 1900, 5A and 77B were built in 1902, and 63B and 66B were built in 1904 and 1905 respectively. From approximately 1908 to 1922,

7695-623: The bogie passenger fleet had underframes and bodies extended to increase the capacity of any given train, by wasting less space with couplers and buffers. Typically, two compartments were added to one end of each carriage, with a final over-body length of 57 ft 4 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (17.488 m). Originally, the majority of those carriages had seven compartments of 6 ft 3 + 1 ⁄ 8  in (1.908 m), with two more added at only 6 ft 0 + 11 ⁄ 16  in (1.846 m) each. The four exceptions were carriages 49B, 51B, 20AB, and 79AB (108B from 1911). They had

7830-467: The capital Algiers and its southern and eastern suburbs. They also serve to connect Algiers ' main universities to each other. The Dar es Salaam commuter rail offers intracity services in Dar es Salaam , Tanzania. In Botswana, the ( Botswana Railways ) "BR Express" has a commuter train between Lobatse and Gaborone . In Japan, commuter rail systems have extensive network and frequent service and are heavily used. In many cases, Japanese commuter rail

7965-405: The car into four roughly equal sections, although the outer two were partially driver's compartments. The guard facility at the raised-roof/pantograph end was retained. When complete, 10CM was painted in blue with a thick yellow stripe along the sides, curving to a point in the middle of the ends. The number and code was adjacent to the outer sets of doors and, on either side of the middle door, there

8100-545: The carriage sides was altered to reflect that. The carriages so treated were 4, 8 and 12 in 1940, followed by 29, 36, 38, 41, 42, 45, 64, 77, 79, 85 and 87 in 1941. In 1954, some of the cars converted from electric stock in 1929 were returned to the Swing Door electric fleet. 162B and 163B returned to their previous identities of 6T and 19T respectively, but 165B, 168B, 171B and 169B became T cars 20, 21, 24, and 26, ignoring their previous identities of 21, 43, 101, and 39T. In 1958, one-class travel on Melbourne suburban rail system

8235-415: The cars did not have the sides replaced, and they stayed red. They were recoded to 14CM (1963) and 15CM (1964). The pair were withdrawn in 1970 and scrapped in 1971. The remaining four Swing Door CMs, 10-13, were kept in service until 1986. 10CM is stored at Newport Workshops, awaiting restoration, and 13CM is stored at Moorooduc behind the Mornington Tourist Railway workshops. 12CM, formerly at Mornington,

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8370-433: The construction of a 27-kilometre (17 mi) line from Sunshine to a new station at Melbourne Airport . Connected via the Metro Tunnel, services will operate from the Cranbourne and Pakenham lines through the tunnel before splitting off at Sunshine to either Sunbury or Melbourne Airport. Construction of the line will involve the renovation of Sunshine station to allow for additional platforms, construction of new track, and

8505-421: The construction of a new station at East Pakenham and other associated safety and landscape works. These works were undertaken as part of the Level Crossing Removal Project . The rebuilt Pakenham and East Pakenham opened on 3 June 2024. The Pakenham line forms a relatively linear route from the Melbourne central business district to its terminus in Pakenham. The route is 57 kilometres (35 mi) long and

8640-562: The corridor are fully accessible, however, there are some stations that haven't been upgraded to meet these guidelines. These stations do feature ramps, however, they have a gradient greater than 1 in 14. Stations that are fully accessible feature ramps that have a gradient less than 1 in 14, have at-grade paths, or feature lifts. These stations typically also feature tactile boarding indicators , independent boarding ramps, wheelchair accessible myki barriers, hearing loops , and widened paths. Projects improving station accessibility have included

8775-417: The dense parts of Seoul, some track sections extend far outside of the city, and operate large sections at ground level, such as on the Line 1 , Line 3 and Line 4 . In Busan, the Donghae Line , while part of the Busan Metro system, mostly functions as a commuter rail line. In Indonesia , the KRL Commuterline is the largest commuter rail system in the country, serving the Greater Jakarta . It connects

8910-421: The double-ended single units (ABM). On 10 February 1935, 18M and 44M were damaged in a serious collision at Croydon , and the bodies scrapped. The frames and electrical equipment were retained, and were rebuilt with new bodies of the current Tait design, being renumbered 442M and 443M. Motor cars 1, 8, 15, 46, 65, and 78, were built as ACM units, and retained as 1st-class AM cars until single-class suburban travel

9045-562: The entire route. Services run anticlockwise through the City Loop , and from 2025, Pakenham line services will cease to stop at South Yarra, Richmond, and all City Loop stations when trains are rerouted through the Metro Tunnel upon opening. On Friday nights and weekends, services run 24 hours a day, with 60 minute frequencies available outside of normal operating hours. Since 13 February 2022, some off-peak daytime Pakenham and Cranbourne line services stop at Malvern station, running express between South Yarra and Malvern stations. Train services on

9180-527: The entirety of the Pakenham line level crossing free by 2025, with projects on the Sunbury line leaving the entire Sunshine-Dandenong corridor crossing free by the opening of the Metro Tunnel in 2025. Commuter rail The term can refer to systems with a wide variety of different features and service frequencies, but is often used in contrast to rapid transit or light rail . Some services share similarities with both commuter rail and high-frequency rapid transit ; examples include New Jersey Transit in

9315-507: The existing Pakenham line alignment before South Yarra station, new stations will be built at Anzac , Town Hall (with connections to Flinders Street ), State Library (with connections to Melbourne Central ), Parkville , and Arden , before continuing onto the Sunbury line. These works will be completed by 2025, and upon completion, will create a singular rail line from Cranbourne and Pakenham to Sunbury and Melbourne Airport ( from 2029 ). The Melbourne Airport rail link will involve

9450-532: The existing signalling system. All premium railway stations on the Pakenham line have customer service centres that are open from the first to the last service. Host stations on the line also have customer service centres, however these are only staffed for a few hours during the morning peak. At the service centres, passengers can: In compliance with the Disability Discrimination Act of 1992 , all stations that are new-built or rebuilt are fully accessible and comply with these guidelines. The majority of stations on

9585-476: The extra weight of the electrical equipment. The conversion process was suddenly halted in 1924, with partially converted cars being patched up and returned to service as steam-hauled carriages, with their original codes and numbers. Converted Swing Door cars originally entered service with class codes such as 'AT', 'BCM', and 'ABCD', indicating both class and type. In 1921, that was largely simplified to 'M' (Motor car), 'T' (Trailer car) and 'D' (Driving trailer),

9720-521: The first half of 1974, were 76BT and 80T. The carriages converted from steam to electric then back to steam but which did not return to electric later on - 54B, 64B, 66B, 164B, 166B, 167B and 170B - were withdrawn largely in line with others of that class. When the conversion project was halted, the Swing Door fleet equalled 32 Driving Trailers, 112 regular Trailers, 144 Motors (including the double-ended (ABM) and high-powered (AM) motors). The core of

9855-471: The former BR 's Regional Railways , France's TER ( Transport express régional ), Germany's Regionalexpress and Regionalbahn , and South Korea's Tonggeun and Mugunghwa-ho services. In some European countries, the distinction between commuter trains and long-distance/intercity trains is subtle, due to the relatively short distances involved. For example, so-called " intercity " trains in Belgium and

9990-491: The introduction of new rolling stock, the removal of all level crossings , and works associated with the Metro Tunnel project. These projects have improved the quality and safety of the line and will be completed by the opening of the Metro Tunnel in 2025. In 1877, the Pakenham line began operations from Oakleigh to Bunyip , as part of the main line to Gippsland . The section from Oakleigh to Flinders Street station

10125-402: The line allowed for the introduction of Swing Door electric multiple unit trains for the first time. Power signalling was extended to Carnegie in 1933, Oakleigh in 1940, and to Dandenong in stages between 1970 and 1972. The line between Dandenong, Pakenham and Traralgon was electrified in 1954. Initially single track, duplication of the line between Dandenong, Pakenham and Nar Nar Goon

10260-512: The line is one of Melbourne's main growth corridors, where farmland is being replaced with housing and commercial developments, leading to a rise in patronage. The line serves 28 stations across 57 kilometres (35 mi) of track. The stations are a mix of elevated, lowered, underground, and ground level designs. Underground stations are present only in the City Loop , with the majority of elevated and lowered stations being constructed as part of

10395-500: The line was lowered into a cutting to eliminate numerous level crossings. Power signalling was provided between Richmond and Hawksburn at the same time, then on to Caulfield in 1921. Electrification of the line to Dandenong occurred in two stages during 1922. In May 1922, the section from South Yarra to Oakleigh station was electrified, with the section to Dandenong being electrified later in December 1922. The electrification of

10530-429: The majority had valuable fittings removed and were railed to Allendale on the former North Creswick - Daylesford line, where they were burned. Withdrawals in that period averaged eight cars per year. There were fewer withdrawals in the period 1967-1972 while the new Hitachi fleet was designed and introduced into service, but many more were withdrawn either side of that period. The last two cars in service, withdrawn during

10665-484: The necessary marker lights were to be installed in a canopy attached to the end of the curved roof clerestory. This group of vehicles were to be constructed similarly to the rest of the Swing Door motor fleet, with a large guard/driver compartment at one end. However, eight of them had a small driver-only compartment added at the opposite end, all but two being rounded in the same manner as the van end. There were eight compartments with room for ten passengers each and, from

10800-590: The network are equipped with 2 line LED displays. However, since 2016 these are being replaced by flat screen displays that additionally show every station the train will serve. The 2012 Network Development Plan identified the need for a north-south tunnel connecting the Cranbourne and Pakenham lines to the Sunbury line . In 2017, the Metro Tunnel began construction, involving the construction of five new underground stations, twin 9-kilometre (5.6 mi) tunnels, and other associated infrastructure improvements. Leaving

10935-494: The normal 650, and the trailing motor car would often be cut-out whilst starting a train, to avoid excessive jolting. Those motor-pairs were also occasionally used for goods trains, and sometimes an ABM would be substituted for the AM car. In the original electrification plan a group of ten single-unit, double-ended motor cars were proposed for use on the St Kilda and Port Melbourne lines during lower-patronage periods. Records at

11070-973: The northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. In Thailand, the Greater Bangkok Commuter rail and the Airport Rail Link serve the Bangkok Metropolitan Region . The SRT Red Lines , a new commuter line in Bangkok, started construction in 2009. It opened in 2021. Another commuter rail system in Southeast Asia is the Yangon Circular Railway in Myanmar . In India, commuter rail systems are present in major cities and form an important part of people's daily lives. Mumbai Suburban Railway ,

11205-1017: The number expected to rise even higher upon full completion of the Acharnes Railway Center . Eskişehir-Ankara and Konya-Ankara high speed train routes serve as high speed commuter trains in Turkey. Commuter/suburban trains are usually optimized for maximum passenger volume, in most cases without sacrificing too much comfort and luggage space, though they seldom have all the amenities of long-distance trains. Cars may be single- or double-level , and aim to provide seating for all. Compared to intercity trains, they have less space, fewer amenities and limited baggage areas. Commuter rail trains are usually composed of multiple units , which are self-propelled, bidirectional, articulated passenger rail cars with driving motors on each (or every other) bogie . Depending on local circumstances and tradition they may be powered either by diesel engines located below

11340-420: The numbers 112T-125T and 127T-199T were never filled with swing-door rolling stock. In 1929, further carriages were deemed surplus to electric fleet requirements, and carriages 6, 19, 20, 21, 24, 26, 43, 39, 100, and 101T were converted back to B-class country carriages. However, instead of regaining their former numbers, they became 162-171B, those being the next available after the highest numbered B carriage at

11475-533: The oldest suburban rail system in Asia, carries more than 7.24 million commuters on a daily basis which constitutes more than half of the total daily passenger capacity of the Indian Railways itself. Kolkata Suburban Railway , one of the largest suburban railway networks in the world, consists of more than 450 stations and carries more than 3.5 million commuters per day. The Chennai Suburban Railway along with

11610-402: The only double-ended swing door electric cars in passenger service, though not for long. They were converted to further parcels coaches as a stopgap measure while 10CM and the repaired 3CM were busy with various electrification works, so the conversions were minimised. Instead of a full rebuild, the seats were removed and a walkway down the centre was cut between all the compartment partitions, but

11745-434: The opening of Frankston and Sandringham lines. In 1885, a number of level crossing removal works occurred between Flinders Street station and South Yarra due to an increase in freight and passenger operations. These crossings were removed through a combination of lowering and raising the corridor. In 1915, the line between South Yarra and Caulfield was quadrupled, as part of level crossing removal works. This section of

11880-418: The opening of the Metro Tunnel is completed and level crossing removal works are completed on the corridor by 2025. Most stations on the Pakenham line are equipped with passenger information displays which provide real time departure information. These displays are owned by Public Transport Victoria and are managed by Metro Trains Melbourne . With the exception of the five central stations, most stations on

12015-860: The other, the Northern line continues out of the city centre to a mainline rail interchange, while the Wirral line has a city-centre loop. Swing Door (train) Swing Door trains, commonly known as " Dogboxes " or " Doggies ", were wooden-bodied electric multiple unit (EMU) trains that operated on the suburban railway network of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . Swing Door cars had outward-opening doors and were reasonably narrow, to ensure that two passing trains would not foul each other if doors were accidentally left open. At certain locations, clearances were tight and there are stories of Swing Door cars losing doors that were not closed. The fleet could be seen running in any arrangement, from one car, using

12150-700: The outer reaches of Greater Tokyo through operating into these lines to form a high frequency corridor though central Tokyo. Other commuter rail routes in Japan include: Commuter rail systems have been inaugurated in several cities in China such as Beijing , Shanghai , Zhengzhou , Wuhan , Changsha and the Pearl River Delta . With plans for large systems in northeastern Zhejiang , Jingjinji , and Yangtze River Delta areas. The level of service varies considerably from line to line ranging high to near high speeds. More developed and established lines such as

12285-587: The overhead inspection train; designed for overhead wiring inspection, and the infrastructure evaluation carriage designed for general infrastructure evaluation. Most of these trains are repurposed locomotives previously used by V/Line , Metro Trains, and the Southern Shorthaul Railroad . Rolling stock on the Pakenham line is primarily served by the Pakenham East Depot located in the outer suburb of Pakenham East . This depot

12420-462: The parcels vans, and were officially allocated to the Jolimont yard pilot roster, with small lettering above the middle-side [1] . Near the end of its career, 156M was painted in all-over green in place of its previous blue livery, but retained yellow stripe along the sides. The ends were painted white with a yellow outline, and the standard Met yellow/green stripes along the lower edge of each end.

12555-423: The passenger compartment ( diesel multiple units ) or by electricity picked up from third rails or overhead lines ( electric multiple units ). Multiple units are almost invariably equipped with control cabs at both ends, which is why such units are so frequently used to provide commuter services, due to the associated short turn-around time. Locomotive hauled services are used in some countries or locations. This

12690-416: The public. The Pakenham line received heavy investment during the 2010s to align with the 2013 PTV Development Plan . A new station at Cardinia Road opened in 2012 situated between Officer and Pakenham stations. This is the first infill station to open on the line since 1927, with an additional station at Pakenham East expected to open in 2024 in conjunction with level crossing removal works . In 2018,

12825-541: The register until 1979, when it was formally withdrawn for preservation. In 1981, the car was involved in a runaway and sustained damage, which was later repaired. 32D was stored at Newport for a number of years, providing a useful source of spare parts for the restoration of 12BT and 24D, but it was scrapped in 2008. The car retained the wooden headstocks with which it was built, which would have made operational restoration difficult. This group encompasses one hundred and fifteen carriages, at different stages. As of 1910,

12960-448: The removal of nine level crossings and the reconstruction of five elevated stations along the corridor. The second phase of removals involves removing individual crossings along the corridor through a variety of methods by 2025. Some crossings have been removed through elevating the rail corridor, some by lowering or raising the road, with other crossings being removed by closing the crossing off from motor traffic . These projects will leave

13095-495: The rest for non-smoking. The first Swing Door D car withdrawn was 21D in 1951. 26D and 9D followed in 1956 and 1957 respectively, and withdrawals of the Swing Door fleet accelerated from there. 18D and 22D were removed from service in 1962, and the next year took 4, 8, 10, 13, 20, 23 and 30. 3 and 5 in 1964, 7 and 11 in 1965, 14D in 1966 and 28D in 1967, then a short reprieve. The final withdrawals were 1-2, 6, 15-17, 19, 25, 27 and 31-32 in 1973 and 12 and 29D in 1974. 24D stayed on

13230-465: The rest of its time as a pilot in Jolimont Yard, performing shunting around the sidings and in the workshops, and had been fitted with a second pantograph by 1948. It was never recoded to ABM and, although officially struck from the register in 1963 (along with 113M), it continued to operate in service well into the 1980s. By the late 1970s both vehicles had been repainted into a scheme similar to

13365-552: The rest of the day, with regional rail being used to refer to systems that offer all-day service. Most commuter (or suburban) trains are built to main line rail standards, differing from light rail or rapid transit (metro rail) systems by: Compared to rapid transit (or metro rail), commuter/suburban rail often has lower frequency , following a schedule rather than fixed intervals, and fewer stations spaced further apart. They primarily serve lower density suburban areas (non inner-city), generally only having one or two stops in

13500-488: The same right-of-way can drastically reduce system construction costs. However, frequently they are built with dedicated tracks within that right-of-way to prevent delays, especially where service densities have converged in the inner parts of the network. Most such trains run on the local standard gauge track. Some systems may run on a narrower or broader gauge. Examples of narrow gauge systems are found in Japan, Indonesia , Malaysia , Thailand , Taiwan, Switzerland, in

13635-591: The same external dimensions, except that 49B and 51B were originally built with eight compartments of 6 ft 1 + 5 ⁄ 16  in (1.862 m) and a ninth added at 6 ft 11 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (2.121 m); 20AB and 79AB (108B) originally had seven compartments - three 1st class in the centre at 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m) each, flanked by two 2nd-class compartments of 5 ft 9 + 3 ⁄ 4  in (1.772 m) each. Later, two standard 6 ft 0 + 11 ⁄ 16  in (1.846 m) compartments were added at one end. By

13770-416: The same reason. After Caulfield, the line formerly had numerous level crossings, however, all have now been removed between Caulfield and Dandenong as part of an elevated rail project, as well as some older bridges over and under roads. Remaining level crossings between Dandenong and Pakenham stations will be removed by 2025 under smaller level crossing removal works. The line follows the same alignment as

13905-411: The second long group at 43 ft 3 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (13.195 m). All the shorter cars had bogies spaced at 40 ft 0 in (12.19 m). They had seven or eight compartments, with a van on the end as a guard's compartment, as well as a small area reserved for the driver. The driver's compartment took the first 2 ft 10 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (0.876 m) and about half

14040-427: The sequence. Each M car had 7 or 8 compartments, depending on the configuration of the original carriage, with three compartments per car usually allocated for smokers When initially issued to service, most were designated ACM and BCM denoting either 1st- or 2nd-class accommodation respectively. When that system was abandoned, motor cars all became 2nd class, except for six which were retained for special duties (AM), and

14175-480: The service stopping at three new stations— Parliament , Melbourne Central (formally Museum), and Flagstaff . The Loop follows La Trobe and Spring Streets along the northern and eastern edges of the Hoddle Grid . The Loop connects with Melbourne's two busiest stations, Flinders Street and Southern Cross , via the elevated Flinders Street Viaduct . From 2025, the Pakenham line will no longer operate through

14310-418: The south-east, serving 27 stations via South Yarra , Caulfield , Oakleigh , and Dandenong . The line operates for approximately 20 hours a day (from approximately 4:00 am to around midnight) with 24 hour service available on Friday and Saturday nights. During peak hour, headways of up to 5 to 10 minutes are operated with services every 20 minutes during off-peak hours. Trains on the Pakenham line run with

14445-616: The standard block was supplemented with a pair. On the busiest routes, a three-car unit would be attached. During the Easter and Christmas seasons, the Tait G cars (T-type trailers with gas lighting installed, as well as electric) would be withdrawn from suburban service and used to provide extra capacity on country trains. Double-block sets of M-T-T-M+M-T-T-M were never used in normal service. As of 1956, 218 Swing Door carriages were rostered for regular use (in conjunction with 584 Tait carriages). At

14580-513: The state government regained ownership of the line, with KPMG appointed as receivers to operate M>Train on behalf of the state government. Two years later, rival train operator Connex Melbourne took over the M>;Train operations including the Pakenham line. Metro Trains Melbourne , the current private operator, then took over the operations in 2009. The private operators have had a combined operational period of 25 years. The Pakenham line uses

14715-444: The time 282 Swing Door vehicles were available, after accounting for 18M and 44M converted to Tait, three trailers returned to steam-hauled use, 122M and 123M withdrawn 1956, 156M permanently allocated to Jolimont Yard and 157M in use as a parcels van. These could be divided into three main groups - St Kilda and Port Melbourne, Box Hill, and Clifton Hill, plus a handful of additional vehicles. The St Kilda and Port Melbourne group had

14850-575: The time carriages were being withdrawn from steam-hauled service for conversion to electric train trailers, the fleet comprised 25 x 1st-class cars in the range 1A to 149A (very few consecutive, but the majority numbered 100 or higher), and a further 89 2nd-class carriages, most in the number range 1-222 plus 129B and 134B. Those carriages were withdrawn and refitted with electric lighting and control cables for motor communication. The conversions did not happen immediately but, by 1921, 1st-class trailers 1AT-12AT and 14AT-18AT were in service, and conversion work

14985-406: The time, however, only show plans of steam-hauled cars being converted to trailers, single-ended driving trailers or single-ended motors of various lengths, with no double-ended variants. By 1914, a conceptual diagram had been drawn up for double-ended composite motor cars, although no detail was given about the use of those vehicles if any were built. Without a guard lookout at the second driving end,

15120-478: The time. A further re-classification of 1st-class T cars was made in 1940, when a shortage of 2nd-class accommodation on the suburban system became evident, the situation being exacerbated by the introduction of petrol rationing during World War II . Fourteen of the swing-door trailer fleet were re-coded to BT, although they kept their T fleet numbers. That conversion involved the upholstered seats being swapped for 2nd-class wooden benches with cushions. The signage on

15255-461: The towns closer to Kowloon. They use rolling stocks with a faster maximum speed and have longer stop spacing compared to other lines which only run in the inner urban area, but in order to maximise capacity and throughput, these rolling stocks have longitudinal seatings, 5 pairs of doors in each carriage with large standing spaces like the urban lines, and run as frequent as well. Most of the sections of these four lines are overground and some sections of

15390-493: The trailers being first class and motor cars second class, with some exceptions. The maximum size of the Swing Door train fleet was: It had been intended to convert 164 locomotive-hauled carriages, including 1st-class and 2nd-class cars - with and without guard's vans, as well as composite cars, to M (Motor) cars. When the conversion program was terminated, only 144 had been completed, leaving 20 gaps [5, 7, 22, 24, 27, 31, 33, 36, 38, 42, 45, 47, 52, 53, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62] in

15525-515: The train from either end. The motive power for locomotive-hauled commuter trains may be either electric or diesel–electric , although some countries, such as Germany and some of the former Soviet-bloc countries, also use diesel–hydraulic locomotives. In the US and some other countries, a three-and-two seat plan is used. Middle seats on these trains are often less popular because passengers feel crowded and uncomfortable. In Japan, South Korea and Indonesia, longitudinal (sideways window-lining) seating

15660-553: The trains can be full with commuters standing. The Athens Suburban Railway in Greece consists of five lines, 4 of which are electrified. The Kiato – Piraeus line and the Aigio – Airport lines reach speeds of up to 180 km/h (112 mph). The Athens – Chalcis line is also expected to attain speeds of up to 200 km/h (124 mph) upon upgrading of the SKA–Oinoi railway sector. These lines also have many daily commuters, with

15795-521: The trains run between two or several cities (e.g. S-Bahn in the Ruhr area of Germany). Distances between stations may vary, but are usually much longer than those of urban rail systems. In city centres the train either has a terminal station or passes through the city centre with notably fewer station stops than those of urban rail systems. Toilets are often available on-board trains and in stations. Their ability to coexist with freight or intercity services in

15930-469: The travel time to distant locations, often using station passing loops instead of dedicated express tracks. It is notable that the larger Japanese commuter rail systems are owned and operated by for-profit private railway companies, without public subsidy. East Japan Railway Company operates a large suburban train network in Tokyo with various lines connecting the suburban areas to the city center. While

16065-574: The type of train, amenities offered, and stopping pattern, usually tell the services apart. Russian commuter trains , on the other hand, frequently cover areas larger than Belgium itself, although these are still short distances by Russian standards. They have a different ticketing system from long-distance trains, and in major cities they often operate from a separate section of the train station. Some consider "inter-city" service to be that which operates as an express service between two main city stations, bypassing intermediate stations. However, this term

16200-495: The upgraded signalling system, trains are now able to run closer to each other. The new system was tested on the Mernda line and a section of the Cranbourne line before being fully implemented on the lines. In March 2022, the Pakenham line underwent further testing of high-tech signalling equipment, to ensure the new trains and signalling system can safely run alongside older-generation trains—including freight and V/Line trains—and

16335-399: The van end, the layout was two 1st-class smoking compartments, two 1st-class non-smoking compartments, two 2nd-class non-smoking compartments, two 2nd-class smoking compartments, and the smaller driver's compartment. Like the rest of the suburban electric passenger fleet, the cars were painted all-over dark red-brown. The later livery was crimson with a black underframe, and moonstone grey along

16470-470: The way inter-city rail does. Regional rail operates outside major cities. Unlike Inter-city, it stops at most or all stations between cities. It provides a service between smaller communities along the line that are often byproducts of ribbon developments , and also connects with long-distance services at interchange stations located at junctions, terminals, or larger towns along the line. Alternative names are "local train" or "stopping train". Examples include

16605-461: The width of the carriage, with the guard's elevated seat directly opposite. The van measured 5 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 4  in (1.619 m) in the vast majority of D cars, exceptions being 14-16 ( 6 ft 3 + 1 ⁄ 4  in, 1.911 m), 20-21 and 23 ( 5 ft 6 + 15 ⁄ 16  in, 1.700 m) and 31-32 ( 5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 2  in, 1.765 m). Passenger compartments varied in length and number. Each

16740-531: The window line. In the 1950s, this was changed to "tomato red", with moonstone grey on the window frames only. Routes where those trains operated included Hawthorn-Kew, Camberwell-Ashburton (later Alamein) and Eltham-Hurstbridge. While they often operated individually, they were sometimes coupled to trailers and driving trailers in busier periods. 162M was a regular on the Kew roster. When the first two cars, 2 and 3, entered service in mid-1917 they were classed ABCM. In

16875-451: The workshops. The last two conversions retained their flat ends at the non-guard end, instead of having a full rebuild applied. 160M and 161M were never modified (including the original, uneven compartment sizes) and ran as single-ended motors until their withdrawal in 1974 and 1969 respectively. After World War II , the population of Melbourne boomed, and with it the need for increased suburban parcel traffic capacity. Consequently, 157ABM

17010-579: Was advertising for the Victorian Railways' parcel services, identical to the Tait design. 162ABM, 163ABM and 164ABM were converted in a similar fashion to 155M, with new identities 11CM, 12CM and 13CM respectively, entering service in 1957 (11CM) and 1959 (12CM and 13CM). Also in 1959, 155ABM had the controls removed when it was converted to a workmen's sleeper carriage, becoming 70WW, the only motor carriage to be so-converted, and ran in that form until December 1975. That left 158ABM and 159ABM as

17145-408: Was built in 2018 to exclusively house and maintain 30 brand new High Capacity Metro Trains while they are out of service. Built by evolution rail the 118 hectares (290 acres) depot consists of a stabbling yard and an advanced driver training simulator. The depot is one of the most sustainable train maintenance regimes in Australia with: Since the mid to late 20th century, the Pakenham line has used

17280-496: Was completed in 1955 and 1956. Suburban services were extended beyond Dandenong to Pakenham in January 1975. Previously, the stations between Dandenong and Pakenham were only served by regional passenger trains connecting Gippsland to Melbourne . In 1981, Pakenham line services commenced operations through the City Loop , after previously terminating at Flinders or Spencer Street stations. The commencement of operations involved

17415-476: Was connected at South Yarra in April 1879. In 1877, the Pakenham line began operations from Oakleigh to Bunyip, as part of the single-tracked main line to Gippsland, with an extension of the duplicated section of the line opening in 1881 to Caulfield , Oakleigh in 1883, and Dandenong in 1891. In 1883 the line between Richmond station and South Yarra was quadrupled to accommodate an increase in train services due to

17550-544: Was introduced in 1958. In that form they were used, paired with a standard (2nd class) M car, as locomotives for E trains. Those trains ran to the end of the electrified sections of line at Lilydale and Frankston, hauling non-electrified passenger trains. At the terminus, the motor cars would be uncoupled and the remaining carriages split, with steam engines hauling each portion to Warburton or Healesville, or Mornington or Stony Point, respectively. Consequently, those six AM cars were configured for 850 Amperes current load rather than

17685-602: Was introduced, meaning that the fourteen BT trailers no longer needed to be different from the rest of the fleet, and all cars were progressively fitted with upholstered seating as the new standard. However, those cars kept their BT code, and they were joined by seventeen other vehicles to make a total 31 BT trailers. Those later conversions (and probably the earlier ones as well) included a shunter's cock being added, similar to Tait G cars, to aid coupling three-car units (M-T-BT-) to four-car blocks (M-T-T-M). That resulted in 7-car Swing Door trains being formed as M-T-BT+M-T-T-M, releasing

17820-488: Was moved to Newport as a chassis only in 2017 or 2018, and is being used as spare parts for 93M. Its body was scrapped some years prior, due to its poor condition. 156M was removed from normal passenger service in 1932, and replaced by 155M converted to ABM. It had its seating removed and the destination board replaced to show "parcels van", for use as a relief vehicle when any of the Tait CM coaches were unavailable. It spent

17955-408: Was progressing for the fleet of 2nd-class trailers 1BT through (roughly) 100BT. In 1921, it was decided that having class segregation among each class of the suburban fleet was too difficult to manage appropriately, and so the trailers all became 1st class and the motors all 2nd class. The AT carriages became 1-12T and 14-18T respectively, joined by 13T and 19-26T which had not been converted in time for

18090-526: Was rated for ten passengers, five on each bench, but the width of any given compartment could be anywhere from 5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 4  in (1.759 m) to 7 ft 3 + 7 ⁄ 8  in (2.232 m), with up to three sizes in any given vehicle. As of 1915, there were 32 carriages destined to later become D type driving trailers. They were AC cars 5, 8, 10, 12, 17, 28, 29, 32, 34, 39, 52, 63, 70 and 139-143; ABC cars 17-20 and BC cars 6-7, 12, 29-30, 32, 36 and 39-41. Between 1919-1921, all

18225-496: Was withdrawn from passenger service in 1955 and converted to parcel van 10CM. In 1961, 3CM was damaged, so 10CM had a raised cupola added in the middle for viewing of the overhead wiring. The design was tweaked in 1962. Otherwise, the sides were completely stripped and replaced with a similar style to that of the Tait parcel van fleet, though the car maintained its thinner body of 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m). Outward-swinging doors were kept, in three pairs, at spacings which divided

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