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70-656: The Pakistan Ordnance Factories ( POF ) is a major firearms and a defence contractor headquartered in Wah Cantt , Punjab , Pakistan. Described as "the largest defence industrial complex under the Ministry of Defence Production, producing conventional arms and ammunition to the international standards" by the Government of Pakistan. The POF was founded by the Government of Pakistan with early collaboration from

140-421: A British soldier. This act laid the foundation for what would become a thriving black market for firearms. Historical records indicate that by 2014, the area housed a staggering 7,500 gun-manufacturing workshops, all catering to a booming demand. Located just 49 kilometers south of Peshawar , the provincial capital, Dara Adam Khel's weapons market has become synonymous with handmade replicas of deadly weapons. From

210-480: A blend of domestically produced and internationally procured military equipment. As per the 2021 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) report, Pakistan ranked 10th globally in terms of arms imports for the 2016-2020 period. During this timeframe, the People's Republic of China constituted the primary source of imported weaponry, accounting for 74% of Pakistan's total imports. The Russian Federation and

280-780: A deputation by the Army GHQ of the Pakistan Army . The POF is the earliest and one of the largest military corporations in Pakistan, and later influenced many other military corporations in the Pakistan Armed Forces . The POF produces ammunition that meets requirements set by NATO specification . Apart from military works, the POF also serves the civilian law enforcement agencies , Civil Armed Forces , and private security markets nationwide. During their colonial rule,

350-534: A distinguished scientist, the POF initially focused on producing small arms, ammunition, and chemical explosives. However, from 1955 to 1964, Pakistan heavily relied on the United States for military equipment due to its membership in SEATO and CENTO . This period saw minimal development of the domestic arms industry. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and the subsequent cutoff of U.S. military assistance marked

420-684: A diverse range of products, including small arms and ammunition, armored vehicles like the Al-Khalid tank and the JF-17 Thunder fighter jet co-developed with China. Pakistan's ability to offer these products at competitive prices compared to Western alternatives has been a key driver of its success in the international market. This, coupled with close defense ties with countries in the Middle East and growing partnerships with nations like China and Turkey, has facilitated exports to regions like

490-537: A gas-operated self-loading rifle in 1930. The first prototype was ready in 1931 and appeared promising, and three years later a trial batch of an improved design was made. In 1935, a competition between Simonov's design and a rifle made by Fedor Tokarev was held. The Simonov rifle emerged as a winner and was accepted into service as the AVS-36. The AVS-36 was first seen in public in the 1938 May Day parade in Moscow, when it

560-602: A growing network of military production facilities established since independence. PAC played a key role in propelling domestic aircraft production. It reverse-engineered various aircraft technologies, built the Mushshak trainer, and maintained vital radar and avionics equipment. This success paved the way for further advancements, including the Super Mushshak and the Karakoram-8 advanced training jet. By 1999,

630-818: A military. Its official design was the Fusil Mitrailleur Modele 1915 CSRG . It was placed into French Infantry in 1916, and was used by the French army in the First World War. The Chauchat in 8mm Lebel was also extensively used in 1917–18 by the American Expeditionary Forces (A.E.F.), where it was officially designated as the "Automatic Rifle, Model 1915 (Chauchat)". The Lewis Gun was invented in 1911 by Isaac Newton Lewis and first mass-produced in Belgium in 1913 for

700-510: A modular design with a wide range of accessories (telescoping butt-stocks, optics, bipods , etc.) that could be easily removed and arranged in a various configurations. The adoption of the M16, the H&;K33, and the 5.56×45mm cartridge inspired an international trend towards relatively small-sized, lightweight, high-velocity military service cartridges that allow a soldier to carry more ammunition for

770-448: A rifle nor a machinegun. "For its day, though, it was a brilliant design produced in record time by John Browning , and it was bought and used by many countries around the world. It was the standard squad light automatic of the U.S. infantry during World War II and saw use in every theater of war." The BAR was praised for its reliability and stopping power. "The US forces abandoned the BAR in

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840-1020: A significant and evolving aspect of the country's economy and strategic landscape. The International Defence Exhibition and Seminar (IDEAS) is a biennial defence exhibition and seminar organized by the Defence Export Promotion Organization (DEPO) since 2002 in Karachi Expo Center . See also: Military equipment manufactured in Pakistan & List of missiles of Pakistan See also: Automatic rifle In June 1883 Hiram Maxim filed his first patent to do with automatic firearms covering semi-automatic and fully automatic Winchester and Martini-Henry rifles as well as an original automatic rifle and blowback- and recoil-operated machine guns, both single and multi-barrelled. In 1885 Ferdinand Mannlicher made an experimental self-loader based on work begun in 1883 in both semi-automatic and fully automatic modes. It

910-494: A significant regional military force. Youm-e-Takbir (Urdu: یومِ تکبیر, lit. "The Day of Greatness") is a national day celebrated in Pakistan on May 28 each year. It commemorates the Chagai-I and Chagai-II nuclear tests conducted by Pakistan in 1998. These tests made Pakistan the seventh country to possess nuclear weapons and the first Islamic-majority nation to do so. Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, particularly

980-637: A single automatic rifle to replace the M1 Garand , M1/M2 Carbines , M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle , M3 "Grease Gun" and Thompson submachine gun . However, early experiments with select-fire versions of the M1 Garand proved disappointing. During the Korean War , the select-fire M2 Carbine largely replaced submachine guns in US service. However, combat experience suggested that the .30 Carbine round

1050-675: A submachine gun with the accuracy and range of a rifle. This was done by shortening the standard 7.92×57mm cartridge to 7.92×33mm and giving it a lighter 125-grain bullet, that limited range but allowed for more controllable automatic fire. The result was the Sturmgewehr 44 . Like the Germans, the Soviets were influenced by experience showing most combat happens within 400 meters and that their soldiers were consistently outgunned by heavily armed German troops, especially those armed with

1120-491: A turning point. Realizing the vulnerability of relying solely on external sources, Pakistan sought help from China to expand its military capabilities. China played a crucial role in modernizing the POF facilities and fostering domestic production. In 1972, the aftermath of the 1971 war further emphasized the need for self-reliance. The government established the Ministry of Defence Production (MoDP) to coordinate and promote

1190-464: A wide range of mortar and artillery ammunition, aircraft and anti-aircraft ammunition, tank and anti-tank ammunition, bombs , grenades , land mines , pyrotechnics , small ammunition, rockets, military & commercial explosives & propellants and signal stores. POF Eye is a special-purpose hand-held weapon system similar in concept to the CornerShot that can fire weapons around corners. It

1260-639: Is a 7.62×51mm NATO , selective fire , automatic rifle produced by the Belgian armaments manufacturer Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (FN). During the Cold War , it was adopted by many North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries, most notably with the British Commonwealth as the L1A1 . It is one of the most widely used rifles in history, having been used by more than 90 countries. The FAL

1330-709: Is actively working to expand its defense exports. The country aims to achieve this by focusing on several key areas: enhancing the technological sophistication of its products, exploring new markets in Southeast Asia and beyond, and forging strategic partnerships to bolster its production capabilities. Events like the International Defence Exhibition and Seminar (IDEAS) further contributes to these efforts by showcasing Pakistani defense products and fostering interactions with potential buyers. Overall, Pakistan's defense industry exports represent

1400-541: The .303 British cartridge, and widely used by the British army in the First World War, both by infantry and fitted to aircraft. Pan magazines are secured above the breech, holding either 47 or 97 rounds. Cooling fins surround the barrel. The weapon is gas operated and fires automatically at 500-600 rounds per minute. More than 50,000 Lewis guns were produced during WW1, becoming the most common automatic weapon used by British and American troops. Although superseded by

1470-418: The 5.56×45mm cartridge. This shift represented a change in the philosophy of the military's long-held position about caliber size. By the middle of the 1970s, other armies were looking at assault rifle type weapons. A NATO standardization effort soon started and tests of various rounds were carried out starting in 1977. The U.S. offered the 5.56×45mm M193 round, but there were concerns about its penetration in

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1540-597: The Bren gun by 1939, nearly 60,000 Lewis guns were refurbished and reissued to British forces after the Dunkirk evacuation of 1940. The Fedorov Avtomat (also anglicized as Federov , Russian: Автомат Фёдорова) or FA was a select-fire , crew-served automatic rifle and was one of the first practical automatic rifles, designed by Vladimir Grigoryevich Fyodorov in 1915 and produced in the Russian Empire and later in

1610-482: The Dara Adam Khel area bordering Afghanistan, is known for a unique cottage industry: the manufacturing of unlicensed firearms by local gunsmiths. This industry boasts a long history, dating back to the mid-19th century, and has garnered a global reputation for its ability to produce replicas of sophisticated weaponry. Dara Adam Khel's story begins in 1857 with the establishment of a small gun-making factory by

1680-582: The Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works (KSEW) completed its first long-range attack submarine, the Agosta 90B . This submarine marked a significant advancement, incorporating air-independent propulsion (AIP) technology acquired from France in 1995. Early 2000 saw further progress through joint ventures with China. These collaborations led to the introduction of the JF-17 fighter jet , developed by

1750-418: The M1 Garand and M1 carbine , which enjoyed a significant advantage over enemies armed primarily with bolt-action rifles. Although U.S. Army studies of World War II combat accounts had very similar results to that of the Germans and Soviets, the U.S. Army maintained its traditional views and preference for high-powered semi-automatic rifles. After World War II, the United States military started looking for

1820-606: The M16 . The M16 entered U.S. service in the mid-1960s and was much lighter than the M14 it replaced, allowing soldiers to carry more ammunition. Despite its early failures, the M16 proved to be a revolutionary design and stands as the longest continuously serving rifle in American military history. It is a benchmark against which other assault rifles are judged, and used by 15 NATO countries, and more than 80 countries worldwide During

1890-865: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic . A total of 3,200 Fedorov rifles were manufactured between 1915 and 1924 in the city of Kovrov ; the vast majority of them were made after 1920. The weapon saw limited combat in World War I, but was used more substantially in the Russian Civil War and in the Winter War . In 1916, the Weapons Committee of the Russian Army made a decision to order no less than 25,000 Fedorov automatic rifles. In

1960-574: The Sturmgewehr 44 assault rifles. The Soviets were so impressed with the Sturmgewehr 44, that after World War II, they held a design competition to develop an assault rifle of their own. The winner was the AK-47 . It was finalized, adopted and entered widespread service in the Soviet army in the early 1950s. Its firepower, ease of use, low production costs, and reliability was perfectly suited for

2030-797: The United Arab Emirates and targeting Middle Eastern markets where it will cater not only the needs of the host country, but throughout much of the Middle East where demands are high. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine , POF alleged to have provided arms and ammunition to Ukrainian Military's . The various type of ammunition provided are 122mm Yarmuk HE-Frag rockets, 122mm howitzer shells, 155mm artillery shells, M4A2 propelling bag charges, M82 primers, PDM fuses, M44A2 120mm HE mortar bombs, 130mm shells, 40mm RPG7 HEAT ammo, 12.7×99 MM armor piercing cartridges, 12.7×108 mm bullets, and 7.62×54mm bullets. On 21 August 2008, POF's industrial complex

2100-522: The 1960s, other countries would follow the Americans lead and begin to develop 5.56×45mm assault rifles, most notably Germany with the Heckler & Koch HK33 . The HK33 was essentially a smaller 5.56mm version of the 7.62×51mm Heckler & Koch G3 rifle. As one of the first 5.56mm assault rifles on the market, it would go on to become one of the most widely distributed assault rifles. The HK33 featured

2170-756: The 1970s, the USSR developed the AK-74 and the 5.45×39mm cartridge, which has similar physical characteristics to the U.S. 5.56×45mm cartridge. Also during the 1970s, Finland, Israel, South Africa and Sweden introduced AK type rifles in 5.56×45mm. During the 1990s, the Russians developed the AK-101 in 5.56×45mm NATO for the world export market. In addition, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and former countries of Yugoslavia have also rechambered their locally produced assault rifle variants to 5.56mm NATO. The adoption

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2240-468: The 5.56mm NATO and 5.45×39mm cemented the worldwide trend toward small caliber, high-velocity cartridges. In 1977, Austria introduced the 5.56×45mm Steyr AUG bullpup rifle, often cited as the first successful bullpup rifle , finding service with the armed forces of over twenty countries. It was highly advanced for the 1970s, combining in the same weapon the bullpup configuration, a polymer housing, dual vertical grips, an optical sight as standard, and

2310-529: The AK-47 and the M14 ( assault rifle vs battle rifle ) came in the early part of the Vietnam War . Battlefield reports indicated that the M14 was uncontrollable in automatic mode and that soldiers could not carry enough ammo to maintain fire superiority over the AK-47. A replacement was needed: A medium between the traditional preference for high-powered rifles such as the M14, and the lightweight firepower of

2380-472: The AR-15 was the superior weapon system and ordered a halt to M14 production. At the time, the AR-15 was the only rifle available that could fulfill the requirement of a universal infantry weapon for issue to all services. After modifications (Most notably: the charging handle was re-located from under the carrying handle like AR-10 to the rear of the receiver), the new redesigned rifle was subsequently adopted as

2450-507: The British built sixteen ordnance factories in the British Raj , most of which were inherited by India. Pakistan 's first Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan , issued a directive within four months of the formation /creation of Pakistan to establish an ordnance factory in collaboration with British Royal Ordnance Factory to manufacture 0.303 calibre rifles. In December 1951 Pakistan's second Prime Minister, Khawaja Nazimuddin , inaugurated

2520-477: The Italian Republic followed suit, contributing 6.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Notably, the 2016-2020 period witnessed a 23% decrease in Pakistan's foreign arms imports compared to the preceding five-year period (2011-2015). Listed below are the main foreign suppliers to Pakistan: Pakistan's defense industry has emerged as a notable exporter of military equipment in recent decades. Its offerings encompass

2590-526: The M2 Carbine. As a result, the Army was forced to reconsider a 1957 request by General Willard G. Wyman, commander of the U.S. Continental Army Command (CONARC) to develop a .223 caliber (5.56 mm) select-fire rifle weighing 6 lbs (2.7 kg) when loaded with a 20-round magazine. The 5.56mm round had to penetrate a standard U.S. helmet at 500 yards (460 meters) and retain a velocity in excess of

2660-514: The Middle East, Africa and South Asia. However, Pakistan's defense exports also face challenges. Established players like the US, Russia, and European nations pose significant competition, and concerns have been raised about the level of technological sophistication in certain Pakistani defense products. Additionally, regional tensions and international arms control regulations can sometimes hinder export deals. Despite these challenges, Pakistan

2730-693: The Mulhouse facility between 1946 and 1949. Vorgrimler later went to work at CETME in Spain and developed the line of CETME automatic rifles based on his improved Stg45 design. Germany eventually purchased the license for the CETME design and manufactured the Heckler & Koch G3 as well as an entire line of weapons built on the same system, one of the most famous being the MP5 SMG . The first confrontations between

2800-645: The Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC), and the Al-Khalid main battle tank , produced at Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) . Since 2001, Pakistan has made significant strides towards self-sufficiency in aircraft overhaul and modernization, as well as in the export of defence equipment. In 2016, the Pakistani government managed to reduce its defence imports by 90%. Today, the MoDP oversees a vast network dedicated to research, development, production and administration, solidifying Pakistan's position as

2870-576: The Red Army's new mobile warfare doctrines. The AK-47 was widely supplied or sold to nations allied with the USSR and the blueprints were shared with several friendly nations (the People's Republic of China standing out among these with the Type 56 ). The AK-47 and AKM type rifles are the most produced firearms in history. The U.S. Army was influenced by combat experience with semi-automatic weapons such as

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2940-540: The Spanish state-owned design and development agency CETME ( Centro de Estudios Técnicos de Materiales Especiales ). The rifle proved successful in the export market, being adopted by the armed forces of over 60 countries. After World War II, German technicians involved in developing the Sturmgewehr 45 , continued their research in France at CEAM. The StG45 mechanism was modified by Ludwig Vorgrimler and Theodor Löffler at

3010-530: The ammo bearer to fire defensively, while the gunner reloaded. It was also recommended that the primary mode of fire be in semi-automatic, as the Fedorov's would rapidly overheat in full-auto. Some consider it to be an "early predecessor" or "ancestor" to the modern assault rifle , while others believe that the Fedorov Avtomat was the world's first assault rifle. The Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR)

3080-519: The demands of Pakistan Defense Forces, POF products are in service with over 40 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East and the Americas. Ammunition and rifles have been exported to countries such as Iraq, Croatia and Afghanistan for their respective military establishments. POF specializes in the manufacturing of commercial explosives, hunting ammunition and possesses extensive facilities for

3150-409: The diverse range of military production facilities that have emerged since Pakistan's independence. The MoDP comprises specialized organizations, each dedicated to various aspects of the defence industry, including research and development, production, and administration. At the time of its creation in 1947, Pakistan inherited virtually no military industry or production capability. Its heavy industry

3220-475: The end, no Army took an interest in the design and the rifle was abandoned before it could be further developed. Although the rifle was never officially adopted by any military, aside from the 1895 variant which never came through, it was tested extensively by the Italian Army during the lead-up to the First World War. The Chauchat , designed in 1907, was one of the first automatic rifles to be adopted by

3290-462: The face of the wider introduction of body armor . In the end, the Belgian 5.56×45mm SS109 round was chosen ( STANAG 4172) in October 1980. The SS109 round was based on the U.S. cartridge but included a new stronger, heavier, 62 grain bullet design, with better long range performance and improved penetration (specifically, to consistently penetrate the side of a steel helmet at 600 meters). During

3360-482: The first four POF workshops in the small town of Wah Cantonment . Located 45 km from Islamabad and with main manufacturing facilities at Wah Cantonment, POF is a sprawling complex of fourteen production units and six subsidiaries producing conventional arms and ammunition. Research and development projects have been undertaken to minimise dependence on foreign suppliers. Efforts have been made towards self-reliance through innovation and indigenisation, for achieving

3430-499: The following: 1. Optimal utilisation of surplus capacity of POF. 2. Generation of funds to supplement budget grant. 3. Participative collaboration with the private sector. 4. Enhancing exports. POF uses technology and equipment that has been acquired from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and China. The factories in POF employ some of the latest state of the art processes, including computerised numerical controlled machines and flexible Manufacturing systems for

3500-403: The former British Royal Ordnance Factory in 1951. The POF engineers, develops, produces, manufactures, and promotes a wide range of different types of infantry and special-purpose weapons , explosives , ammunition , mortars , rockets , and the military gear for Pakistan's military . The POF is owned and sponsored by the Ministry of Defence Production whose corporate leadership comes from

3570-446: The general requirements for Competence of Test and Calibration Laboratories. In 2005, P.O.F was also awarded with safety and health environment standard OHSAS 18001. During a visit to POF, Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz made the following tribute: POF produce approximately 70 major products for supply to the Pakistan Army , Navy and Air Force . The main products include automatic rifles , Pistols , light/medium/heavy machine guns ,

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3640-651: The iconic AK-47 to anti-aircraft guns, the industry prides itself on its ability to create affordable replicas of virtually any firearm in the world. These replicas, known as " Khyber Pass copies " are a testament to the skill of local gunsmiths. The cottage gunsmiths of Dara Adam Khel operate with resourcefulness. They employ basic hand tools and readily available materials such as scrap metal from railways and vehicles. The quality of these Khyber Pass copies varies significantly. While some may be comparable to factory-produced firearms, others can be dangerously unreliable and prone to malfunction. The Pakistan Armed Forces utilize

3710-407: The manufacture of brass, copper and aluminum ingots. A state of the art garments factory, manufactures military uniforms and can also cater for the needs of the civil sector. As of post 2010s, Pakistan has been aiming to push ahead with its export market but facing difficulties due to international guidelines enforced by the United Nations . In 2017, the POF announced it will be opening a branch in

3780-502: The middle 1950s, though it was retained in reserve stocks for several years; it survived in smaller countries until the late 1970s." The AVS-36 (from A vtomaticheskaya V intovka S imonova 1936 model ; (АВС-36)) was a Soviet automatic rifle which saw service in the early years of World War II. It was among the early selective fire infantry rifles (capable of both single and full-automatic fire) formally adopted for military service. The designer, Sergei Simonov , began his work with

3850-441: The new automatic rifle, but by the new general purpose machine gun (GPMG) in concurrent development. This culminated in the development of the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge and the M14 rifle which was basically an improved select-fire M1 Garand with a 20-round magazine. The U.S. also adopted the M60 GPMG . Its NATO partners adopted the FN FAL and HK G3 rifles, as well as the FN MAG and Rheinmetall MG3 GPMGs. The FN FAL

3920-426: The production of precision components. A Stamp was also issued by Pakistan Post on the occasion of golden jubilee of POF (Dt. 28 December 2001) to honour the country's largest defence manufacturing unit's services. POF has been awarded standards by the International Organization for Standardization . These include ISO 9001 for quality management, ISO 14001 for environmental management, and ISO 17025 for meeting

3990-448: The same weight compared to the larger and heavier 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge. The 5.56mm cartridge is also much easier to shoot. In 1961 marksmanship testing, the U.S. Army found that 43% of ArmaLite AR-15 shooters achieved Expert, while only 22% of M-14 rifle shooters did so. Also, a lower recoil impulse allows for more controllable automatic weapons fire. Therefore, in March 1970, the U.S. recommended that all NATO forces adopt

4060-457: The speed of sound while matching or exceeding the wounding ability of the .30 Carbine cartridge. This request ultimately resulted in the development of a scaled-down version of the ArmaLite AR-10 , called ArmaLite AR-15 rifle. However, despite overwhelming evidence that the AR-15 could bring more firepower to bear than the M14, the Army opposed the adoption of the new rifle. In January 1963, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara concluded that

4130-420: The summer of 1916, a company from the 189th Izmail Regiment was equipped with 8 Fedorov Avtomats. Trained in tactics with the new weapon, they concluded that the Fedorov worked best as a crew served weapon. The gunner armed with the Fedorov and an ammo bearer armed with an Arisaka rifle. As both weapons used the same ammo and same 5 round stripper clips, this allowed for the greatest flexibility. It also allowed for

4200-425: Was an impractical failure due to fouling by its black powder ammunition, but it influenced later designs. Furthermore, Mannlicher produced smokeless powder automatic rifles from the early 1890s onwards until his death in 1904. One of the world's first automatic rifles was the Italian Cei-Rigotti . This rifle started out as an 1891 gas-operated conversion of the Vetterli rifle , which received positive approval and

4270-410: Was copied by the US Army when they developed the M60 machine gun . The Germans were the first to pioneer the assault rifle concept, during World War II, based upon research that showed that most firefights happen within 400 meters and that contemporary rifles were over-powered for most small arms combat. The Germans sought to develop a select-fire intermediate powered rifle combining the firepower of

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4340-525: Was developed specifically for the use of the Fallschirmjäger airborne infantry in 1942 and was used in limited numbers until the end of the war. It served as a squad automatic rifle in much the same role as the Browning BAR. It combined the firepower of a light machine gun in a lightweight package no larger than the standard-issue Kar 98k bolt-action rifle . It was considered one of the most advanced weapon designs of World War II. The FG 42 influenced post-war small arms development and most of its design

4410-471: Was displayed by the marching 1st Rifle Division . The American public became aware when it was covered in an August 1942 issue of the American Infantry Journal , in an article by John Garrett Underhill Jr. Simonov would later design an anti-tank rifle, the PTRS-41 , and the SKS carbine, which employed simpler tilting bolt operation. The FG 42 is a selective fire automatic rifle or battle rifle produced in Germany during World War II. The weapon

4480-499: Was even adopted after further refinements in 1895 for the Royal Italian Navy, but although up to 2000 rifles were ordered, the order never came through for as yet unknown reasons. Another version of the Cei-Rigotti was presented in 1900, these 6.5mm Carcano or 7.65×53mm gas-operated, selective-fire carbines attracted considerable attention at the time. They used 10-, 20- and 50-round box magazines. The Cei-Rigotti had several failings, including frequent jams and erratic shooting. In

4550-408: Was first revealed at the 5th International Defence Exhibition and Seminar (IDEAS 2008), held at the Karachi Expo Centre in November 2008. It is designed for SWAT and special forces teams in hostile situations, particularly counter-terrorism and hostage rescue operations. It allows its operator to both see and attack an armed target without exposing the operator to counter-attack. In addition to meeting

4620-420: Was limited to the Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works (KSEW) , mainly focused on civilian maritime construction. To meet its defense needs, the newly formed nation relied solely on inherited equipment or imports, primarily from the United Kingdom. Recognizing the need for self-reliance, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan established the Pakistan Ordnance Factory (POF) in Wah in 1951. Led by Dr. Abdul Hafeez ,

4690-410: Was one of the first practical automatic rifles. The BAR made its successful combat debut in World War I, and approximately 50,000 were made before the war came to an end. The BAR arose from the concept of " walking fire ", an idea urged upon the Americans by the French who used the Chauchat light machine gun to fulfill that role. The BAR never entirely lived up to the designer's hopes; being neither

4760-404: Was predominantly chambered for the 7.62mm NATO round, and because of its prevalence and widespread use among the armed forces of many western nations during the Cold War it was nicknamed "The right arm of the Free World ". The H&K G3 is a 7.62×51mm NATO , selective fire , automatic rifle produced by the German armament manufacturer Heckler & Koch GmbH (H&K) in collaboration with

4830-477: Was the target of twin suicide bombings by the Tehrik-i-Taliban ; 68 people were killed and 81 injured in the attack. See also: Military equipment manufactured in Pakistan & List of missiles of Pakistan Arms industry in Pakistan The Defence Industry of Pakistan ( Urdu : دفاعی صنعتِ پاکستان ), established in September 1951, mainly falls under the purview of the Ministry of Defence Production (MoDP) . It aims to foster collaboration and oversee

4900-453: Was underpowered. American weapons designers reached the same conclusion as the Germans and Soviets: an intermediate round was necessary, and recommended a small caliber, high velocity-cartridge. However, senior American commanders, having faced fanatical enemies and experienced major logistical problems during World War II and the Korean War, insisted that a single powerful .30 caliber cartridge be developed, that could not only be used by

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