45-761: The Pakistan Naval Academy (PNA), PNS Rahbar, Manora is a federal military academy located in Manora , Karachi , Sindh , Pakistan. Established in Manora , Karachi, under Vice-Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan in 1970, it is the one of the technologically advanced military training academy in Pakistan that offers professional academic degrees. Its functions and roles are similar to United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, United States. And, it sends its students occasionally to United States Naval Academy for further advanced courses. Besides training its own officers,
90-480: A cost of 650 million rupees . The latest Manora Beach Resort was finally inaugurated by Murad Ali Shah ( Chief Minister of Sindh ) in October 2021. Manora Beach Road, connecting Manora to Kakapir across Sandspit, was upgraded in 2020. KPT is planning to link Manoro island with a harbour-crossing bridge which will connect the west and east wharfs of KPT. This bridge will reduce the difference between Manora and
135-681: A fixed curriculum taken by all midshipmen with the present core curriculum plus 21 major fields of study, a wide variety of elective courses and advanced study and research opportunities. Currently, the majors that are offered by the Naval Academy are: Cadets begin training by starting a year and half at the academy. They are initially taught three different disciplines: Along with this they are also taught academic, professional and technical subjects. After passing out they are appointed to midshipmen . In this phase, they go through another six months of training at sea. They are assigned to one of
180-537: A language can be found in a translation of the Qur’an into Sindhi dating back to 883 A.D. Historically, Isma'ili religious literature and poetry in India, as old as the 11th century CE, used a language that was closely related to Sindhi and Gujarati . Much of this work is in the form of ginans (a kind of devotional hymn). Sindhi was the first Indo-Aryan language to be in close contact with Arabic and Persian following
225-459: A mystical bent that profoundly influenced Sindhi poetry for much of this period. Another famous part of Medieval Sindhi literature is a wealth of folktales, adapted and readapted into verse by many bards at various times and possibly much older than their earliest literary attestations. These include romantic epics such as Sassui Punnhun , Sohni Mahiwal , Momal Rano , Noori Jam Tamachi , Lilan Chanesar , and others. The greatest poet of Sindhi
270-521: A relatively large inventory of both consonants and vowels compared to other Indo-Aryan languages. Sindhi has 46 consonant phonemes and 10 vowels . The consonant to vowel ratio is around average for the world's languages at 2.8. All plosives , affricates , nasals , the retroflex flap , and the lateral approximant /l/ have aspirated or breathy voiced counterparts. The language also features four implosives . The retroflex consonants are apical postalveolar and do not involve curling back of
315-607: A scheduled language in India , making it an option for education. Despite lacking any state-level status, Sindhi is still a prominent minority language in the Indian state of Rajasthan . There are many Sindhi language television channels broadcasting in Pakistan such as Time News, KTN, Sindh TV , Awaz Television Network , Mehran TV, and Dharti TV . Sindhi has many dialects, and forms a dialect continuum at some places with neighboring languages such as Saraiki and Gujarati . Some of
360-455: A sound base to become a proficient naval officer.” The Pakistan Naval Academy is "the first Armed Forces Academy in the country which has been certified to the international standards of quality (ISO-9001:2000)". Quality policy of the Academy is: "Pakistan Naval Academy aims to impart quality education and professional training to cadets that fulfill the requirement of Pakistan Navy . This
405-456: A strong sub-national linguistic identity for Sindhi. This manifested in resistance to the imposition of Urdu and eventually Sindhi nationalism in the 1980s. The language and literary style of contemporary Sindhi writings in Pakistan and India were noticeably diverging by the late 20th century; authors from the former country were borrowing extensively from Urdu, while those from the latter were highly influenced by Hindi. In Pakistan, Sindhi
450-410: A tower 38 metres (125 ft) high, it is one of the tallest in Pakistan. Keeping in view the daily turnover of tourists and travelers, Government of Sindh has upgraded the infrastructure of the island (through construction of driveways, restaurants, hotel accommodations, a golf course, a kids’ play area, etc.) and equipped it with modern features (recreational facilities and watersports activities) at
495-552: Is a similar paradigm to Punjabi . Almost all Sindhi noun stems end in a vowel, except for some recent loanwords. The declension of a noun in Sindhi is largely determined from its grammatical gender and the final vowel (or if there is no final vowel). Generally, -o stems are masculine and -a stems are feminine, but the other final vowels can belong to either gender. The different paradigms are listed below with examples. The ablative and locative cases are used with only some lexemes in
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#1732771944108540-665: Is achieved through committed leadership, competent and devoted staff and progressive improvement in curriculum and training methodologies”." In 1947, after the Independence of Pakistan, the Pakistan Navy lacked the capability and expertise to train its officers. Therefore, the Pakistan Navy sent its officers to be trained at the Britannia Royal Naval College , Britain . However, due to divergent operational requirements and cultural values, Pakistan
585-557: Is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 30 million people in the Pakistani province of Sindh , where it has official status. It is also spoken by a further 1.7 million people in India, where it is a scheduled language , without any state-level official status. The main writing system is the Perso-Arabic script, which accounts for the majority of the Sindhi literature and is the only one currently used in Pakistan. In India, both
630-576: Is derived from the Sanskrit síndhu , the original name of the Indus River , along whose delta Sindhi is spoken. Like other languages of the Indo-Aryan family, Sindhi is descended from Old Indo-Aryan ( Sanskrit ) via Middle Indo-Aryan ( Pali , secondary Prakrits, and Apabhramsha ). 20th century Western scholars such as George Abraham Grierson believed that Sindhi descended specifically from
675-631: Is taught in all provincial private schools that follow the Matric system and not the ones that follow the Cambridge system. At the occasion of 'Mother Language Day ' in 2023, the Sindh Assembly under Culture minister Sardar Ali Shah , passed a unanimous resolution to extend the use of language to primary level and increase the status of Sindhi as a national language of Pakistan . The Indian Government has legislated Sindhi as
720-634: Is the first language of 30.26 million people, or 14.6% of the country's population as of the 2017 census. 29.5 million of these are found in Sindh , where they account for 62% of the total population of the province. There are 0.56 million speakers in the province of Balochistan , especially in the Kacchi Plain that encompasses the districts of Lasbela , Hub , Kachhi , Sibi , Sohbatpur , Jafarabad , Jhal Magsi , Usta Muhammad and Nasirabad . In India, Sindhi mother tongue speakers were distributed in
765-633: The Pakistan Navy . Manora and neighboring islands form a protective barrier between Karachi Harbour to the north and the Arabian Sea to the south. The western bay of the harbor contains mangrove forests which border the Sandspit and Manora island. The coastline is also home to the Peelu tree ( Salvadora persica ) that protects Manora's coast from erosion. The area of Karachi was known to
810-544: The Umayyad conquest in 712 CE. A substantial body of Sindhi literature developed during the Medieval period, the most famous of which is the religious and mystic poetry of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai from the 18th century. Modern Sindhi was promoted under British rule beginning in 1843, which led to the current status of the language in independent Pakistan after 1947. Europe North America Oceania The name "Sindhi"
855-466: The Umayyad conquest of Sindh in 712 CE. Medieval Sindhi literature is of a primarily religious genre, comprising a syncretic Sufi and Advaita Vedanta poetry, the latter in the devotional bhakti tradition. The earliest known Sindhi poet of the Sufi tradition is Qazi Qadan (1493–1551). Other early poets were Shah Inat Rizvi ( c. 1613–1701) and Shah Abdul Karim Bulri (1538–1623). These poets had
900-438: The semantic role of a nominal as an argument to a verb) are indicated using postpositions, which follow a noun in the oblique case. The subject of the verb takes the bare oblique case, while the object may be in nominative case or in oblique case and followed by the accusative case marker کي khe . The postpositions are divided into case markers , which directly follow the noun, and complex postpositions , which combine with
945-550: The Perso-Arabic script and Devanagari are used. Sindhi is first attested in historical records within the Nātyaśāstra, a text thought to have been composed between 200 B.C. and 200 A.D. The earliest written evidence of Sindhi as a language can be found in a translation of the Qur’an into Sindhi dating back to 883 A.D. Sindhi was one of the first Indo-Aryan languages to encounter influence from Persian and Arabic following
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#1732771944108990-586: The Sindh Private Educational Institutions Form B (Regulations and Control) 2005 Rules, "All educational institutions are required to teach children the Sindhi language. Sindh Education and Literacy Minister, Syed Sardar Ali Shah , and Secretary of School Education, Qazi Shahid Pervaiz, have ordered the employment of Sindhi teachers in all private schools in Sindh so that this language can be easily and widely taught. Sindhi
1035-522: The Vrācaḍa dialect of Apabhramsha (described by Markandeya as being spoken in Sindhu-deśa , corresponding to modern Sindh) but later work has shown this to be unlikely. Literary attestation of early Sindhi is sparse. Sindhi is first mentioned in historical records within the Nātyaśāstra, a text on dramaturgy thought to have been composed between 200 B.C. and 200 A.D. The earliest written evidence of Sindhi as
1080-464: The academy has also provided basic training to about 2,000 officers of allied countries, including the Chief of Naval Staff of Qatari Emiri Navy . Pakistan Naval Academy's commandant in 2021 is Commodore Sohail Ahmad Azmie. “To impart moral, professional, educational and physical training to the cadets that imbues them with the highest ideals of integrity, duty, courage and honour in order to establish
1125-477: The ancient Greeks. Nearchus , who commanded Alexander the Great's naval fleet, mentioned a hilly island by the name of Morontobara and an adjacent flat island named Bibakta , which colonial historians identified as Karachi's Manora Point and Kiamari (or Clifton ), respectively, based on Greek descriptions. Both areas were islands until well into the colonial era, when silting in led to them being connected to
1170-487: The areas of Defence and Clifton by almost 30 km. There are several ethnic groups in Manora Island including Sindhis , Punjabis , Kashmiris , Seraikis , Pakhtuns , Balochis , Brahuis , Memons , and Bohris . Sindhi language Sindhi ( / ˈ s ɪ n d i / SIN -dee ; Sindhi: سِنڌِي ( Perso-Arabic ) or सिन्धी ( Devanagari ) , pronounced [sɪndʱiː] )
1215-530: The development of modern Sindhi literature. The first printed works in Sindhi were produced at the Muhammadi Press in Bombay beginning in 1867. These included Islamic stories set in verse by Muhammad Hashim Thattvi , one of the renowned religious scholars of Sindh. The Partition of India in 1947 resulted in most Sindhi speakers ending up in the new state of Pakistan , commencing a push to establish
1260-421: The documented dialects of Sindhi are: The variety of Sindhi spoken by Sindhi Hindus who emigrated to India is known as Dukslinu Sindhi. Furthermore, Kutchi and Jadgali are sometimes classified as dialects of Sindhi rather than independent languages. Tawha(n)/Tawhee(n) Tahee(n)/Taee(n) /Murs/Musālu /Kāko/Hamra Bacho/Kako Phar (animal) /Bārish Lapātu/Thapu Dhowan(u) Dhoon(u) Sindhi has
1305-428: The following states: and Daman and Diu Sindhi is the official language of the Pakistani province of Sindh and one of the scheduled languages of India, where it does not have any state-level status. Prior to the inception of Pakistan, Sindhi was the national language of Sindh. The Pakistan Sindh Assembly has ordered compulsory teaching of the Sindhi language in all private schools in Sindh. According to
1350-426: The four different branches including Operations, Weapon Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Logistics. After passing the final fleet examination, they are promoted to Sub-Lieutenant . The academy is also affiliated with the following educational institutions: Manora, Karachi Manora ( Sindhi : منهوڙو , Urdu : منوڑہ ) is a small peninsula that forms a protective barrier between Karachi Harbour to
1395-467: The full status of functioning Naval Academy. The same year, the Academy began to offer Bachelor of Engineering , Bachelor of Science , Bachelor of Business Administration programs. In 1998, the commandant of the Naval Academy extended the authority to award the Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Business Administration degrees to all living graduates. The Academy later replaced
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1440-581: The mainland. According to the British historian Eliot , parts of city of Karachi and the island of Manora at port of Karachi constituted the city of Debal . Manora was mentioned by the Ottoman admiral , Seydi Ali Reis , in his 1554 book Mir'ât ül Memâlik . Manora Fort was built by the Talpur dynasty in 1797 in order to protect the port, which handled trade with Oman and Bahrain . The fort
1485-487: The new Jinnah Naval Base at Ormara , 250 kilometers away, has meant that approximately half of the naval vessels have moved away from Manora. Manora's long sandy beaches, which merge into the beaches of the Sandspit and then extend several kilometers to the beaches at Hawkesbay , are a popular destination for Karachiites. At the southeastern end of Manora island is the Manora Point Lighthouse. With
1530-726: The nominative and oblique cases. The genitive is a special form for the first and second-person singular, but formed as usual with the oblique and case marker جو jo for the rest. The personal pronouns are listed below. The third-person pronouns are listed below. Besides the unmarked demonstratives, there are also "specific" and "present" demonstratives. In the nominative singular, the demonstratives are marked for gender. Some other pronouns which decline identically to ڪو ko "someone" are ھَرڪو har-ko "everyone", سَڀڪو sabh-ko "all of them", جيڪو je-ko "whoever" (relative), and تيڪو te-ko "that one" (correlative). Most nominal relations (e.g.
1575-478: The north and the Arabian Sea to the south. Manora, having a total population of 4,273 local residents (as per 2017 census), was formerly an island, but due to silting is now connected to the mainland by a 12 kilometer long natural sandbridge known as Sandspit . The entrance to Karachi was once guarded against pirate raids by the Manora Fort built in the 1790s, which was later upgraded by the British, and then
1620-400: The ship opened fire on the fort. When British troops stormed the fort, they reportedly found it guarded by 4 or 5 men who had no guns to fire back with, and so the fort was quickly surrendered and Karachi captured. St. Paul's church was built in the immediate vicinity of Manora Fort in 1865. In 1888, the old fort was mostly removed, and the battery was reinforced. The Manora Point Lighthouse
1665-732: The singular number and hence not listed, but predictably take the suffixes -ā̃ / -aū̃ / -ū̃ ( ABL ) and -i ( LOC ). A few nouns representing familial relations take irregular declensions with an extension in -r- in the plural. These are the masculine nouns ڀاءُ bhāu "brother", پِيءُ pīu "father", and the feminine nouns ڌِيءَ dhīa "daughter", نُونھَن nū̃hã "daughter-in-law", ڀيڻَ bheṇa "sister", ماءُ māu "mother", and جوءِ joi "wife". Like other Indo-Aryan languages, Sindhi has first and second-person personal pronouns as well as several types of third-person proximal and distal demonstratives . These decline in
1710-612: The status of degree awarding institute in 1965 and the degree of BSc was used to be given. The Naval Academy received accreditation as an approved "technological institution" in 1990. In 1990, Prime minister Benazir Bhutto signed an executive decree providing for the Bachelor of Science Degree for the Naval, Military, and Coast Guard Academies. The Academy was first affiliated with Karachi University for award of Bachelor of Science degrees in Naval sciences to its naval officers. The Status continued till 1997, when Premier Nawaz Sharif had awarded
1755-745: The tip of the tongue, so they could be transcribed [t̠, t̠ʰ, d̠, d̠ʱ n̠ n̠ʱ ɾ̠ ɾ̠ʱ] in phonetic transcription. The affricates /tɕ, tɕʰ, dʑ, dʑʱ/ are laminal post-alveolars with a relatively short release. It is not clear if /ɲ/ is similar, or truly palatal. /ʋ/ is realized as labiovelar [w] or labiodental [ʋ] in free variation, but is not common, except before a stop. The vowels are modal length /i e æ ɑ ɔ o u/ and short /ɪ ʊ ə/ . Consonants following short vowels are lengthened: /pət̪o/ [pət̪ˑoː] 'leaf' vs. /pɑt̪o/ [pɑːt̪oː] 'worn'. Sindhi nouns distinguish two genders (masculine and feminine), two numbers (singular and plural), and five cases (nominative, vocative, oblique, ablative, and locative). This
1800-775: The use of Sindhi in official documents. In 1868, the Bombay Presidency assigned Narayan Jagannath Vaidya to replace the Abjad used in Sindhi with the Khudabadi script . The script was decreed a standard script by the Bombay Presidency thus inciting anarchy in the Muslim majority region. A powerful unrest followed, after which Twelve Martial Laws were imposed by the British authorities. The granting of official status of Sindhi along with script reforms ushered in
1845-582: Was Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (1689/1690–1752), whose verses were compiled into the Shah Jo Risalo by his followers. While primarily Sufi, his verses also recount traditional Sindhi folktales and aspects of the cultural history of Sindh. The first attested Sindhi translation of the Quran was done by Akhund Azaz Allah Muttalawi (1747–1824) and published in Gujarat in 1870. The first to appear in print
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1890-504: Was by Muhammad Siddiq in 1867. In 1843, the British conquest of Sindh led the region to become part of the Bombay Presidency . Soon after, in 1848, Governor George Clerk established Sindhi as the official language in the province, removing the literary dominance of Persian . Sir Bartle Frere, the then commissioner of Sindh, issued orders on August 29, 1857, advising civil servants in Sindh to pass an examination in Sindhi. He also ordered
1935-434: Was compelled to start its own training institute for its navy. In 1961, the cruiser PNS Babur was converted into Cadets Training Ship . After the outbreak of the 1965 Indo-Pak War , PNS Babur was made available for operational requirements. There was now a need for a permanent institution for training navy officers. In December 1970, Pakistan Naval Academy was commissioned as PNS Rahbar at Manora . Even though, Academy got
1980-409: Was designed by Canadian engineer Alain-Chartier-de-Lotbiniere Joly de Lotbinière, and completed in 1889 to assist vessels approaching Karachi harbor. After Pakistan's independence from Britain, the island of Manora was selected as a main base of the Pakistan Navy , with berths for naval vessels located along the eastern edge of the island, and has been governed as a military cantonment. The opening of
2025-546: Was used to repel attacks by Qasimi pirates who threatened and sometimes raided Karachi Harbor in the early 19th century. Accounts of piracy have been contested, and piracy may have been simply used as a casus belli excuse for the East India Company to seize control of the Persian Gulf region. On 1 February, 1839, a British ship, HMS Wellesley (1815) , anchored off the island of Manora. On 3 February,
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