Misplaced Pages

#632367

51-526: It is located in the northernmost part of Samar Island . Ages before the coming of the Spaniards, the Philippines was already settled. Each settlement was an independent kingdom known as barangay. About one hundred families consisted each barangay. Each barangay had a ruler called datu, also known as hari or raja. He exercised executive, legislative and judicial power in the barangay. During wartime, he

102-751: A "Samar datu by the name of Iberein was rowed out to a Spanish vessel anchored in his harbor in 1543 by oarsmen collared in gold; while wearing on his own person earrings and chains." Scott recounted a Samarnon saga, which was called siday , about Bingi of Lawan, a prosperous Lakanate in Samar, and he also recorded that Datu Hadi Iberein came from the Lakanate of Lawan. Samar also had names which are recorded in early Spanish sources, including Ibabao (or Cibabao ), Achan , Camlaya , and Taridola . The Spanish captain Miguel Lopez de Legaspi also infamously called

153-428: A distinct province named Samar in 1768. On June 19, 1965, through Republic Act No. 4221, Samar was divided into three provinces: Northern Samar , (Western) Samar and Eastern Samar . The capitals of these provinces are, respectively, Catarman , Catbalogan , and Borongan . In commemoration of the establishment of these provinces, June 19 is celebrated as an annual holiday and many have the day off from work. Samar

204-561: A military governor. He assumed office on 1830 as the first military governor of Samar and the number of government personnel was increased. For administrative purposes, he suggested the division of Samar into three administrative districts, the west, north and the east coasts. It was approved on 1867 in Manila and in the Council of Administration in Madrid , however it was not realized. By 1890,

255-667: A pall on the army's achievement and, for generations, has been associated in the public mind as typifying the Philippine War." The waters off the east side of the island also hosted the Battle off Samar on October 25, 1944, wherein a small, unarmored force of United States Navy escorts fought off the center force of the Imperial Japanese Navy , including the Japanese battleship Yamato . During World War II

306-461: A total land area of 17,960 hectares (44,400 acres). The climate falls under Type 2 , no distinct dry season with a very pronounced rainy season, maximum rain period generally occur in December and January. It has an average annual rainfall of 3,000 to 4,000 millimetres (120 to 160 in) per year with an average annual temperature of 26.9 °C (80.4 °F). The warmest month mean temperature

357-563: Is 28 °C (82 °F). This climate type in Palapag plays an important rule to its agricultural economy. Although the agricultural land area is wide enough for the farmers, mostly the cultivation is being limited by the excessive rainfall and the regular sweeping of the typhoon on Samar Islands. Palapag is subdivided into 32 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Poverty incidence of Palapag Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The municipality

408-421: Is bounded on the north by the vast Pacific Ocean , on the east by the municipality of Mapanas , on the west by the municipality of Laoang and on the south by the municipality of Catubig . The town center is located in the north-eastern part of the municipality. Its physical features are characterized by mountainous part on the east and a relatively plain on the north-western side of the municipality. Palapag has

459-543: Is generally observed in all the islands throughout the year. The last two may influence the different degrees of humidity for the different months of the year and for the different regions of the archipelago. The climate of the country is divided into two main seasons: Climate change is having serious impacts in the Philippines such as increased frequency and severity of natural disasters, sea level rise , extreme rainfall, resource shortages, and environmental degradation . All of these impacts together have greatly affected

510-405: Is high in the Philippines. A high amount of moisture in the air makes hot temperatures feel hotter. This quantity of moisture is due to different factors, including evaporation from the seas that surround the country on all sides, the different prevailing winds in the different seasons of the year, and abundant tropical rain. The first may be considered a general cause of the great humidity, which

561-653: Is not directly connected by land to other regions of the Philippine archipelago; it still relies on the wharfs provided by the Barangay's near coastal areas (Barangay Sumoroy and Barangay Pangpang) through motorized boats on going to and from the town. It has a small port in Barangay Mapno but currently idle, no facilities yet provided for the port users. Elementary: Secondary: Tertiary: Samar Island Samar ( / ˈ s ɑː m ɑːr / SAH -mar )

SECTION 10

#1732779688633

612-502: Is the third-largest and seventh-most populous island in the Philippines , with a total population of 1,909,537 as of the 2020 census. It is located in the eastern Visayas , which are in the central Philippines . The island is divided into three provinces : Samar (formerly Western Samar), Northern Samar , and Eastern Samar . These three provinces, along with the provinces on the nearby islands of Leyte and Biliran , are part of

663-529: Is the third-largest island in the Philippines by area, after the islands of Luzon and Mindanao . Mount Huraw is Samar's highest point, with an elevation of 2,920 ft (890 m). Samar is the easternmost island in the Visayas. It lies to the northeast of Leyte , separated from it only by the San Juanico Strait , which at its narrowest point is only about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) across;

714-580: The COVID-19 pandemic , as health and safety protocols were implemented at the time of impact to prevent the spread of the virus. Damages from the storm reached over 20 billion pesos (US$ 369 million). There are four recognized climate types in the Philippines, and they are based on the distribution of rainfall (See the Philippine Climate Map at the top) . They are described as follows: The average year-round temperature measured from all

765-574: The Eastern Visayas region. About a third of the island of Samar is protected as a natural park, known as the Samar Island Natural Park . Many names, such as Samal , Ibabao , and Tandaya , were given to the island prior to the arrival of the Spaniards in 1596. During the early days of Spanish occupation , Samar was under the jurisdiction of Cebu . It later became part of Leyte in 1735 until its separation to become

816-696: The typhoon belt , where dangerous storms occur from July through October. Climate change exacerbates the situation with typhoons in the Philippines. Bagyo is the Filipino term for any tropical cyclone in the Philippine Islands. From the statistics gathered by PAGASA from 1948 to 2004, around 28 storms and/or typhoons per year enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) – the designated area assigned to PAGASA to monitor during weather disturbances. Of those that made landfall or crossed

867-508: The Franciscans divided Samar into three vicariates, the west, north and east coasts. On the municipal level, the pueblo was headed by a Gobernadorcillo elected annually. He was both the judicial and executive officer, the general supervisor and ensure of public order, the main collector of tributes and in charge of the repair and maintenance of public buildings and roads. In order to perform his task efficiently he had to work closely with

918-511: The Philippines is monitored by the PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration). Monsoons are large-scale sea breezes which occur when the temperature on land is significantly warmer or cooler than the temperature of the ocean. Most summer monsoons or southwest monsoons ( Filipino : Habagat ) have a dominant westerly component and a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious amounts of rain (because of

969-614: The Philippines' agriculture, water, infrastructure, human health, and coastal ecosystems and they are projected to continue having devastating damages to the economy and society of the Philippines. According to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the Philippines is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. The archipelago is situated along the Pacific Ocean's typhoon belt, leaving

1020-463: The Philippines, the average was nine per year. In 1993, a record nineteen typhoons made landfall in the country, making it the most in one year. The fewest per year were four during the years 1955, 1958, 1992, and 1997. PAGASA categorizes typhoons into five types according to wind speed. Once a tropical cyclone enters the PAR, regardless of strength, it is given a local name for identification purposes by

1071-406: The Samar island was approximated as Zamal by Antonio Pigafetta in 1521. In 1543, King Iberein with his official oarsmen approached a Spanish vessel anchored in his harbour. Iberein is from Lawan. There is also a Samarnon saga that tells the story of Bingi of Lawan. There are other principalities on the island such as Ibabao (or Cibabao ), Achan , Camlaya , Taridola , and Candaya . Samar

SECTION 20

#1732779688633

1122-562: The Tagalog region, and the hayuhay or ayuway which were equivalent of the aliping sagigilid. By the 17th century, Spanish colonists numbered only a few thousand throughout the Philippines and had few incentives to settle and carve out the land in the provinces. On the Island of Samar, the land and people were distributed among the Spanish colonists under the encomienda system. A Spaniard who

1173-536: The archipelago was the July 1911 cyclone, when the total precipitation for Baguio was distributed over the four days as: 14th – 879.8 mm (34.6 in), 15th – 733.6 mm (28.9 in), 16th – 424.9 mm (16.7 in), 17th – 200.4 mm (7.9 in); followed by extraordinary drought from October 1911 to May 1912, so that the annual amount of those two years were hardly noticeable. The Philippine archipelago sits across

1224-400: The coast and the river before the Spaniards arrived. These settlements called bungto were ruled by a datu, also called the ginaopan or gindolohan. The datus who ruled the bayside settlements or alongside deep harbors were the most richest and powerful. The society in prehispanic Samar was composed of datu, the freemen or timawa, the tuhay or mamahay which were also known as aliping namamahay in

1275-466: The condensation of water vapor in the rising air). The intensity and duration, however, are not uniform from year to year. Winter monsoons or northeast monsoons ( Filipino : Amihan ), by contrast, have a dominant easterly component and a strong tendency to diverge, subside and cause drought. The summer monsoon brings heavy rains to most of the archipelago from May to October. Annual average rainfall ranges from as much as 5,000 millimeters (197 in) in

1326-443: The country at powerful wind speeds and intensities, and wrought extensive damage at the same time. Several weaker storms have made landfall in the country, although they produced extensive damage and high losses of life, such as tropical storms Ondoy and Sendong , both of which accumulated over 400 deaths. In November 1995, Typhoon Angela , a catastrophic Category 5-equivalent super typhoon, known locally as Rosing, made landfall in

1377-665: The country in November of 2013 as a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon. The islands of Leyte and Samar were the hardest hit by the typhoon, especially the city of Tacloban , where the storm's eyewall passed through. More than 6,300 people died from its storm surges and powerful winds, with damages up to 90 billion pesos, making it the deadliest and most destructive typhoon to hit the country on record. In addition, over 1,000 went missing, and nearly 20,000 were injured. One-minute sustained winds reached up to 315 km/h (196 mph; 170 kn; 88 m/s), cementing Yolanda (Haiyan) as

1428-481: The country vulnerable to around 20 typhoons each year, a quarter of which are destructive. The December 2021 typhoon known colloquially as Typhoon Odette caused around a billion dollars (₱51.8 billion) in infrastructure and agricultural damages and displaced about 630,000 people. The United Nations estimated that Typhoon Odette impacted the livelihoods of 13 million people, destroying their homes and leaving them without adequate food or water supplies. More tragically,

1479-404: The country: the wet season and the dry season, based upon the amount of rainfall. This is also dependent on location in the country as some areas experience rain all throughout the year (see § Climate types ). The warm months of the year are March through October; the winter monsoon brings cooler air from November to February. May is the warmest month, and January, the coolest. Weather in

1530-605: The extensive damage and loss of life caused by Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in 2013 made it inadequate. Because of this, the warning system was increased to five levels, and a Super Typhoon (STY) category was adopted in 2015. Initially, super typhoons were defined as typhoons with maximum sustained winds of more than 220 km/h (140 mph; 120 kn; 61 m/s), but the threshold was lowered to those of more than 185 km/h (115 mph; 100 kn; 51 m/s) after PAGASA revised its system of wind signals in 2022. This list only includes super typhoons that made landfall in

1581-460: The groups of pueblos were called alcaldia or districts headed by alcalde mayor. When the Jesuits were expelled in Samar in 1768, there were sixteen pueblos already established but only fifteen pueblos had Jesuit parish priests resident and were already divided into three residences: the east, north and the west coasts. The center of the north-east coasts referred to as Ibabao, was Palapag, while for

Palapag - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-585: The island Tandaya , after mistaking the name of a lord with the name of the island (not to be confused with Datu Daya of northern Cebu). This was spelled by Miguel de Loarca as Candaya . The final campaign of the Philippine–American War (1899-1902) took place in Samar and is one of the best known, and most notorious, of the entire war. A combination of factors resulted in particularly violent clashes. On September 28, 1901, Eugenio Daza , Area Commander of Southeastern Samar and Valeriano Abanador,

1683-553: The island Filipinas, while the Portuguese called it Lequios. Although Samar was the first island of the Philippines sighted by Magellan, he did not land there. He continued south, weighed anchor at Suluan Island, and then finally, on 17 March 1521, he landed on Homonhon Island. Later in the 1700s, Samar was recorded to have about 103 Spanish Filipino families and 3,042 native families. Years later, other Spanish expeditions arrived. The historian William Henry Scott wrote that

1734-408: The island of Mindanao , typhoon Bopha, locally known as Pablo, made landfall in eastern Mindanao as a powerful category 5-equivalent super typhoon, with one-minute measured sustained winds reaching speeds of 280 km/h (170 mph). Davao Region was one of the worst hit areas, particularly Davao Oriental , where the typhoon made its first land interaction. Over 42 billion pesos (US$ 1.04 billion)

1785-533: The island was part of a large US Navy base Leyte-Samar Naval Base . Climate of the Philippines The Philippines has five types of climates : tropical rainforest , tropical monsoon , tropical savanna , humid subtropical and oceanic (the latter two are found in higher-altitude areas). The country overall is characterized by relatively high temperature, oppressive humidity and plenty of rainfall. There are two seasons in

1836-485: The mean average is 18.3 °C (64.9 °F) or cooler by about 4.3 °C (8 °F). In 1915, a one-year study was conducted by William H. Brown of the Philippine Journal of Science on top of Mount Banahaw at 2,100 m (6,900 ft) elevation. The mean temperature measured was 18.6 °C (65.5 °F), a difference of 10 °C (18 °F) from the lowland mean temperature. Relative humidity

1887-402: The media, government, and the general public. The Philippines has experienced a number of extremely damaging tropical cyclones, particularly typhoons with sustained winds of more than 185 km/h (115 mph; 100 kn; 51 m/s). For a long time, the Philippines used a four-level warning system to alert citizens of incoming tropical cyclones that would make landfall in the country, but

1938-498: The mountainous east coast section of the country, to less than 1,000 millimeters (39 in) in some of the sheltered valleys. Monsoon rains, although hard and drenching, are not normally associated with high winds and waves. At least 30 percent of the annual rainfall in the northern Philippines can be traced to tropical cyclones, while the southern islands receiving less than 10 percent of their annual rainfall from tropical cyclones. The wettest known tropical cyclone to impact

1989-404: The order during the pacification of Samar "I want no prisoners. I wish you to kill and burn; the more you kill and burn, the better it will please me ... The interior of Samar must be made a howling wilderness ..." — Gen. Jacob H. Smith which brought about the slaughter of thousands of Filipinos by American Marines . . In his history of the war, Brian McAllister Linn asserts "Samar cast

2040-419: The priest for support and visto bueno of documents. His subordinates were called cabeza de barangay who was in charge of collecting tributes and other taxes of each family. Aside from them, there were three superintendents and assistants of fields, livestock, police and lieutenants (tenientes) and police for every visita and barrio. With the increase of pueblo officials the role of the priest was reduced. Palapag

2091-515: The province of Catanduanes and skirted throughout the island of Luzon . Bicol Region and Metro Manila were the hardest hit areas, and signal #4 was even raised in the latter, a feat that would not happen in the area for 25 years. One-minute sustained winds reached speeds of 290 km/h (180 mph). Rosing took 936 lives and caused over 10 billion pesos in damage. It was considered the most powerful typhoon to ever hit Metro Manila in terms of wind speeds. The most powerful typhoon to ever strike

Palapag - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-800: The strait is spanned by the San Juanico Bridge . And it lies to the southeast of the Bicol Peninsula on Luzon , separated from it only by the San Bernardino Strait . To the south is Leyte Gulf , which in October 1944 became the site of one of the most consequential naval battles of World War II . And to the north and east of Samar lies the Philippine Sea , part of the Pacific Ocean . The name for

2193-464: The strongest storm in history in terms of reliably measured wind speeds, until it was surpassed by Hurricane Patricia of the eastern Pacific region in 2015. The most powerful tropical cyclone to make landfall anywhere in the world in terms of one-minute measured wind speeds, Typhoon Goni, locally known as Rolly, made landfall in Catanduanes as a powerful Category 5-equivalent super typhoon, and

2244-543: The town's police chief, launched an attack on U.S. Army Company C 9th Infantry Regiment who were occupying Balangiga . This action, commonly known as the Balangiga massacre , brought one of the only Filipino victories of the war and the worst American defeat in decades. In 1989, "Balangiga Encounter Day" was established as a provincial holiday in Eastern Samar to celebrate that victory. The action resulted in

2295-449: The weather stations in the Philippines, except Baguio , is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F). Cooler days are usually felt in the month of January with temperature averaging at 25.5 °C (77.9 °F) and the warmest days, in the month of May with a mean of 28.3 °C (82.9 °F). Elevation factors significantly in the variation of temperature in the Philippines. In Baguio, with an elevation of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) above sea level,

2346-437: The west coast was Catbalogan and at the same time the capital of Samar Island . Being the capital, it was there where the provincial government personnel numbering no more than three or four Spaniards including the governor. His prime duty was to collect revenues, pay the accounts and balance the books. He had executives, judicial and legislative functions. As of 1830, a royal order was issued substituting civilian governor by

2397-482: Was one of the series of storms that made landfall in the Philippines between October and November 2020. At landfall, one-minute measured wind speeds were at 315 km/h (196 mph; 170 kn; 88 m/s). Bicol Region was the worst hit by the typhoon, and signal #4 was once again raised in Metro Manila, the first time since the above-mentioned Angela (Rosing). Evacuation processes were also complicated due to

2448-419: Was recorded over time, making it the costliest storm to impact Mindanao, as well as the whole country, at that time. At least 1,067 people died and 834 people were reported missing. Most of the damage was caused by storm surges and winds. One of the most powerful storms to make landfall anywhere in the world in terms of wind speeds, Typhoon Haiyan , locally known as Yolanda, made landfall in several areas across

2499-422: Was the commander of barangay warriors. The datu usually obtained his position by inheritance, wisdom, wealth or physical strength. The early Filipinos had their own form of government. They had both oral and written laws. The unwritten laws were the customs which were passed down from generation to generation and the written laws were promulgated by the datus. In Samar, there were already settlements located along

2550-569: Was the first island of the Philippines sighted by the Spanish expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan (transcribed as Zamal in the diary of Antonio Pigafetta ). He sighted it on 16 March 1521, having sailed there from the Mariana Islands . Realizing he had arrived at an archipelago , he charted the islands, and called them San Lazaro ( Saint Lazarus in English) because they were sighted on Lazarus Saturday . The Spaniards later called

2601-415: Was trusted with encomienda was called an encomendero . He was tasked to collect tributes , recruit able-bodied males for public services or polo and ensure the physical and spiritual well-being of the inhabitants. But because of abuses, the system was abolished. In order to enhance their administration on the colony, the Spaniards did not abolish the old barangays and merged it into towns called pueblos and

SECTION 50

#1732779688633
#632367