The Palaris Revolt of 1762–1765 was led by Juan de la Cruz Palaris , also known as "Pantaleón Pérez", of Binalatongan (now San Carlos City ), Pangasinan .
103-465: Filiipino victory Ilocos Pangasinan Prior to the Palaris' revolt, an earlier revolt in 1660 started under the leadership of Andres Malong, who declared himself King of Pangasinan. The revolt would end with Malong's surrender by late January 1661. Pantaleon Perez , otherwise nicknamed "Palaris" and "Juan de la Cruz" was then a coachman of Francisco Enríques de Villacorta, an Auditor of
206-519: A continuous fight for sovereignty was sustained by the Moro people and their allies for the whole duration of Spanish conquest and rule. The Dagami Revolt was a revolt led by the Dagami family who came from the island of Leyte in 1567. This involved a group of 16 led by Dagami, who was the chieftain of Gabi (part of the present-day town of Palo ). The insurrection was short-lived and mainly involved
309-508: A bloody skirmish against Spanish and colonial foot soldier troops and their corpses were impaled on stakes. A group of chieftains from Zambales had refused to accept the authority of the Crown over their realm and staged a revolt. The Spanish were very swift to respond and sent a colonial force of 6,000 foot soldiers to suppress the uprising. After 2 years of conflict, the Spanish had pacified
412-592: A complete religious rebellion. After a duel in which Dagohoy's brother died, the local parish priest refused to give his brother a proper Catholic burial, since dueling is excommunicable by the Church. The refusal of the priest eventually led to the longest revolt ever held in Philippine history: 85 years. It also led to the establishment of a free Boholano government. Twenty governors-general, from Juan Arrechederra to Mariano Ricafort Palacin y Abarca , failed to stop
515-487: A composite troop of Spanish soldiers and Indios loyal to Spain. Arayat withdrew after losing much of his Indio loyalists. Pangasinenses took over all official functions and controlled the province up to the Agno River , the natural boundary between Pangasinan and neighboring Pampanga in the south. (The present-day province of Tarlac was still part of Pampanga.) At the height of the uprising, Palaris commanded 10,000 men. He
618-541: A disposable income of over ₱2,000 a year, despite statistical data that had shown that a family in the Ilocos region needed ₱14,749.00 of income per year to survive. The poverty rate in Santa Barbara is high as the average income is even lower than the regional poverty threshold . But food self-sufficiency has saved its town folks from sliding to the ranks of the very poor. Although a large part of Santa Barbara
721-472: A dynamic and restless man, he easily became their leader. At the incitement of the British, Palaris decided to start his revolt. With him were other leaders such as his brother Domingo, Juan de la Vera and two Hidalgo brothers. The revolt started on November 3, 1762, after the alcalde mayor of Pangasinan sent a royal commission to collect tribute from the natives. Simon de Anda was at Bacolor, Pampanga at
824-539: A growth rate of 3.75 percent per year for the past seven years, faster than the national average. A high level of self-sufficiency in food is likewise gleaned in the town's minimal rate of malnutrition of only .50 percent severely malnourished out of 5.12 percent malnourished -pre-school children. The public school system is also proud of having an unusually low drop-out rate in the elementary grades and high school. Poverty incidence of Santa Barbara Source: Philippine Statistics Authority More than half of
927-536: A highly developed clay tile and pottery industry coupled with non-farm-based processing industries like candle and soap making and the making of hollow blocks for construction. The town has one industrial plant, the Ginebra San Miguel gin manufacturing plant in Tebag West barangay along the national highway towards Dagupan. The town's business and trading center in and around the public market features
1030-412: A long period of revolt against the Spanish between January and March. Civilians who fled to the mountains also returned after the infighting. Numerous people experienced hardships thoroughout the entirety of the revolt. People that fled had to resort to eating banana leaves in order to survive. There are also a large number of deaths involving babies and children. It was said that Barrio Catopactopacan had
1133-633: A pilot Gawad Kalinga housing project for the very poor embarked by the town government and its private sector partners. The town has a total of 137.509 linear kilometers of road network classified into national, provincial, municipal, and barangay roads. All the national highways passing through town and those under the town government have been paved. The 17 kilometers (11 mi) of provincial roads are about three-fourths paved while more than half (67.10%) of 92.5 kilometers (57.5 mi) of barangay roads otherwise known as farm-to-market roads, needed concreting. Unlike paved roads, electricity has reached all of
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#17327802171331236-799: A small barangay called Malunguey, but failed. Having the same condition as in Pampanga, he led the people in Pangasinan to take up arms against the Spaniards. It spread like wild fire in Pangasinan. Because of his success, he proclaimed himself King of Pangasinan. A part of the chain to the Malong Revolt was the Ilocos Revolt led by Don Pedro Almazan , illustrious and wealthy leader from San Nicolas, Laoag, Ilocos Norte . The letters sent by Don Andres Malong ("King of Pangasinan") narrating
1339-469: A stern warning. One of his sons was also beheaded, and one of the babaylans was burned at the stake. Three other followers were executed by firing squad. Other historical sources/accounts reports The Bankaw Revolt as the first recorded uprising against foreign colonization. The (1621–1622) dates may be inaccurate. Carigara was known only a decade after Magellan landed in "Mazaua" (believed to be Limasawa ) in 1521. The uprising may well have taken place towards
1442-510: A symbol of their valor. Before the final retreat of the rebels, Palaris took the time to cross the river and stab at least few soldiers. After the battle, Palaris and his surviving men regrouped in a barrio named Pias, in Santa Barbara , just north of Bayambang. There they took the time to recover losses, repaired their trenches and fortifications and gathered ammunition and weapons for two months before March 1763. Meanwhile, Jose Acevedo,
1545-482: A total of 26 elementary schools supervised by two school districts plus 7 public high schools. These are staffed by 418 teachers and other school personnel with a student body of over 15,000 children in any given year. Their healthy teacher to pupil ratio averaging one to 34 in the elementary grades and one is to 41 in high school and there are minimal drop-out rates of two percent in the elementary grades and less than four in every 100 students that enter high school. This
1648-481: A tree, which he was quick to alarm their troops through the sound of his bugle. Palaris dispersed his troops throughout the river banks to face the Spanish. The force of 33 Spaniards and 400 Kapampangans under Francisco Arayat arrived later. They successfully encouraged some of Palaris's soldiers to defect, and Palaris greeted them in calm. The Spanish warned Palaris of the consequences, of which he replied in return: If each of you had guns, we have cannons! Afterwards,
1751-509: A variety of vegetables followed by corn. Legumes and root crops are grown in small quantities. Their livestock includes cattle, carabao, hogs, goats, and dogs. They likewise raise native chickens for their food and some poultry farms commercially produce chicken layers and broilers. Out of the farm produce, Santa Barbara has developed its own food processing industry that includes the making of rice cakes like latik and suman, nata-de coco making, and pickles from different fruits. It likewise has
1854-407: A variety of wholesale and retail and other services establishments from farm inputs to construction materials. The market serves as the place where its people buy their needs and sell their produce. Transportation between the commercial center and the many barangays is served by a large fleet of individually owned tricycles. Santa Barbara's close proximity to Urdaneta City, has, however, constrained
1957-488: A week, the rebels retreated to other side of the Calasiao River, then afterwards destroyed the bridge to prevent the Spanish from crossing over. The Spanish decided to pause their advance towards Palaris for a while. Then afterwards, Arza lead a charge by crossing the river. They were met with gunfire from the rebels but nevertheless managed to cross to the other side. What followed was a hand-to-hand combat between
2060-472: Is fast getting urbanized, the main economic activity remains to farm. Rice remains its main crop with 6,662 hectares (16,460 acres) or close to all its total tillable lands devoted to rice farming. The second most important crop is mango of which the town is famous as the home of age-old Philippine mango seedling nurseries, a veritable home industry in town. Rice and mango are the only crops that are raised in all its 29 barangays. The third most important crop in
2163-445: Is located in the northern part of the fertile Agno Valley and was once part of the ancient territory of Luyag na Kabuloan, ruled by Ari Kasikis during the Spanish conquest. Due to its strategic location, Santa Barbara was one of the early settlements in Pangasinan organized into pueblos by Spanish conquistadores in 1580. This organization was aimed at expediting the pacification of the province and facilitating tribute collection to support
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#17327802171332266-871: Is now known as Guagua, this atrocity is known in Chinese history as the Luzon Tragedy (吕宋惨案, Lǚ sòng cǎn àn ). The Chinese inhabitants of Manila set fire to Legarda and Binondo and for a time threatened to capture the Moro stronghold in Intramuros. In 1607, with the coming of the Dominicans into the Cagayan Valley , a priest began proselyting to the Malaueg people of Nalfotan, now Rizal, Cagayan . An animist priestess named Caquenga rebelled against
2369-463: Is politically subdivided into 29 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Santa Barbara is populated mainly by Pangasinans with a sprinkling of other ethnic groups led by the Ilocanos . It is largely a suburban community with much of its population densely concentrated in 29 barangays. By the year 2016, the town's population was projected to have reached 86,269, with
2472-562: The British invasion of Manila during the Seven Years' War , the Spanish colonial government, including Villacorta, had relocated to Bacolor in the province of Pampanga , which was then adjacent to Pangasinan . It was at this time that the principalia of Binalatongan protested the abuses committed by the provincial governor. The town leaders demanded that the governor be removed and that the colonial government stop collecting taxes since
2575-468: The Dominican friars left the province due to fear and terror. In their place were Pangasinense officials who took charge of the province. Anda persuaded the friars there to oppose against Palaris, but they didn't do anything since they lack armies. In Lingayen, the vicar there, Andres Melendez agreed to the rebels' demands, even publishing a document that agreed with this, possibly to save his life from
2678-523: The Real Audiencia when news broke out that the British had taken possession of the Philippines after a battle on October 6, 1762. Due to his stay at the capital, he dressed, spoke and acts like a Manileño so that when he returned to Binalatongan , he was quickly acclaimed as well-known and knowledgeable. His dealings with his townsfolk earned for him their confidence and respect and, being
2781-467: The Seven Years' War between them, Anda quickly took action to quell Pangasinense independence, initially after Diego Silang's assassination on May. On November 18, 1763, the Spanish returned to reclaim Pangasinan from the rebels, successfully persuading Palaris to return under Spanish rule. Pangasinenses who escaped to Pampanga were ordered to return, while the document of Melendez about the rebels' demands were burned to prove loyalty to Spain. At first
2884-569: The Spanish colonial period in the Philippines (1565–1898), there were several revolts against the Spanish colonial government by indigenous Moro , Lumad , Indios , Chinese (Sangleys) , and Insulares (Filipinos of full or near full Spanish descent), often with the goal of re-establishing the rights and powers that had traditionally belonged to Lumad communities, Maginoo rajah, and Moro datus. Some revolts stemmed from land problems and this
2987-675: The polo are not to be sent to places distant from their hometowns to do their forced labor. However, under orders of the various town alcaldes , or mayors , the Waray were being sent to the shipyards of Cavite to do their polo , which sparked the revolt. The local parish priest of Palapag was murdered and the revolt eventually spread to Mindanao , Bicol , and the rest of the Visayas , especially in places such as Cebu , Masbate , Camiguin , Zamboanga , Albay , Camarines , and parts of northern Mindanao, such as Surigao . A rebel government
3090-518: The third congressional district of the province of Pangasinan , is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years. Santa Barbara has an extensive public elementary and high school system. It has
3193-610: The 2020 census, it has a population of 92,187 people. The early settlers of Santa Barbara, like many Malay communities in Southeast Asia , were riverine people. They established their settlements along the banks of the Tolong and other rivers and creeks in the area. Consequently, before Spanish colonization , the town was known as "Tolong," named after its principal river, now called the Sinocalan River. Santa Barbara
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3296-626: The Ambaristo Revolt, was a revolt undertaken from September 16 to 28, 1807. It was led by Pedro Mateo and Salarogo Ambaristo (though some sources refer to a single person named Pedro Ambaristo), with its events occurring in the present-day town of Piddig in Ilocos Norte. This revolt is unique as it revolves around the Ilocanos' love for basi , or tradional sugarcane wine. Basi wine held significant cultural and societal importance for
3399-652: The Cagayan Valley. One rebel, who desecrated an image of the Virgin Mary, was executed for his offense. The Tamblot uprising , was a religious uprising in the island of Bohol , led by Tamblot in 1621. The Jesuits first came to Bohol in 1596 and eventually governed the island and converted the Boholanos to the Catholic faith. Tamblot, a babaylan or native priest, urged his fellow Boholanos to return to
3502-409: The Catholic mission, had left Pangasinan. The Spanish colonial government had to deal with the British and the simultaneous Silang Revolt, led by Diego Silang, in the neighboring province of Ilocos in the north. (The present-day province of La Union was still part of Pangasinan and Ilocos.) At the battle of Agno, he faced on March 1, 1763, the Spanish forces under the command of Alfonso de Arayat, who led
3605-481: The Emperor Novales!" (Viva el Emperador Novales). Surprisingly, the townsfolk followed Novales and his troops as they marched into Manila. They eventually failed to seize Fort Santiago because Andrés' brother Mariano, who commanded the citadel, refused to open its gates. Authorities rushed soldiers to the fort upon learning that it was still holding out against the rebels. Novales himself was caught hiding under
3708-588: The Filipino Revolution against Spanish rule, Santa Barbara served as the headquarters of Daniel Maramba , a local native and commanding officer of the Katipunan forces in central Pangasinan. Santa Barbara lies on a plain terrain in the northern part of the Agno Valley , at the center of Pangasinan. It is just west of the business center of Urdaneta City, with centuries-old mango trees lining
3811-577: The Igorots to convert peacefully to Catholicism. Marin allegedly even tried to create his own dictionary in the Igorot language to advance this cause. The Igorots, however, killed Marin and the Governor-General sent Lt. Mateo de Aranda with Spanish and Filipino foot soldiers. The combined force would be defeated although the Spanish would continue using harsher tactics (including slavery) to force
3914-498: The Igorots to submit. Nonetheless, the Igorots would continue to defy and defeat Spanish expeditions in the years 1608, 1635, and 1663. In 1603, at least 30,000 Chinese merchants were slaughtered and in Luzon Chinese officials and civilians were killed without authority by what The Ming Shi-lu (明實錄, Míng shílù ) describes as the barbarian Spanish chieftain of Luzon during that time. The surviving Chinese fled to Wawa, or what
4017-452: The Ilocanos, being integral to rituals surrounding childbirth, marriage, and death. In 1786, the Spanish colonial government expropriated the manufacture and sale of basi, effectively banning private manufacture of the wine, which was done before expropriation. Ilocanos were forced to buy from government stores. However, wine-loving Ilocanos in Piddig rose in revolt on September 16, 1807, with
4120-628: The Pangasinenses accepted the return of Spanish rule, as long as they were allowed to keep their liberties obtained during the time it was independent. However, the Spanish had empty coffers, so they immediately raised taxes among the populace. This caused them to be wary of the Spanish, especially after they grabbed leftover guns of the Spanish in Lingayen . Although poorly inexperienced and trained, they were determined to never revert back to Spanish rule again. Palaris and his associates restarted
4223-610: The Philippines to replace Criollo and Latin American officers suspected of rebellion. He found the sympathy of many Criollos, including Luis Rodriguez Varela, the Conde Filipino. As punishment for the rising sense of discontentment, many military officers and public officials were exiled. One of them was Novales, who was exiled to Mindanao to fight the Moros . However, Novales was not stopped from secretly returning to Manila. On
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4326-474: The Puerta Real by Spanish soldiers. At 5:00 pm on June 2, Novales, Ruiz, and 21 sergeants were executed by firing squad in a garden near Puerta del Postigo. In his last minutes, Novales declared that he and his comrades shall set an example of fighting for freedom. Mariano was initially to be executed as well for being Andrés' brother, but the crowd pleaded for his freedom with the argument that he had saved
4429-417: The Spaniards. After hearing news of a Kapampangan chief siding with the Spaniards, Maniago and his forces arranged for a meeting with Governor-General Sabiniano Manrique de Lara in which they gave their conditions to end their rebellion. Appeased and satisfied with the conditions of the agreement, the Governor-General accepted the demands after which Maniago and his forces gave up the rebellion. Andres Malong
4532-406: The Spanish a signal to attack. Bonardel led his troops on the hut, and Palaris was immediately murdered on the spot. Palaris's body was dragged towards Binalatongan and paraded across the town, accompanied by band music. To instill fear towards the people the corpse was chopped, afterwards different body parts were hung across several barrios. The remaining rebels finally surrendered after nearly
4635-407: The Spanish already beheaded him after Antonio had finally told the man who was behind the revolt in exchange for personal freedom. Immediately, the Spanish spread Palaris's name throughout the province, marking the first time they heard of the man who lead their revolution. Nevertheless, the Pangasinenses refused to assist them. After Barrio Pias, the Spanish raided the municipaity of Dagupan to end
4738-408: The Spanish and the rebels, the latter being slowly overwhelmed. Both Arza and Valdez had face-to-face combat until they both slipped towards the river. Everyone paused for a while and waited to see who would rose first. Valdez initially rose carrying the now dead Arza, which had its neck broke. Valdez himself was later killed by a gunfire, his body never to be seen again. By this time, rebel activity
4841-555: The Spanish authorities by Antonio Surabao (Susabau) of Calamianes, in Palawan . The Cagayan and Dingras Revolts Against the Tribute occurred on Luzon in the present-day provinces of Cagayan and Ilocos Norte in 1589. Ilocanos , Ibanags , and other Filipinos revolted against alleged abuses by the tax collectors, including the collection of high taxes. It began when six tax collectors who had arrived from Vigan were killed by
4944-415: The Spanish colonial administration. By 1741, the town had a significant Christian population. To prevent new converts from reverting to their old beliefs, a church was established with Santa Barbara as its patron saint. The early missionaries named the town Santa Barbara de Tolong, and over time, the residents adopted the name of their patron saint, Saint Barbara , dropping the original name "Tolong." During
5047-475: The Spanish colonial government to convert the Itneg people to Christianity. After cutting Father Garcia's body into pieces, they fed his flesh to a herd of pigs. Afterwards, they compelled their fellow Itnegs to loot, desecrate Catholic images, set fire to the local churches, and escape with them to the mountains. In 1626, Governor-General Fernándo de Silva sent Spanish and foot soldier colonial troops to suppress
5150-424: The Spanish landowners, or encomenderos , who had deprived them of their historical land inheritances as tribal chiefs or Datus . The revolt included a plot to storm Intramuros , but the conspiracy was foiled before it could begin after a Filipino woman married to a Spanish soldier reported the plot to the Spanish authorities. Spanish and Filipino colonial troops were sent by Governor-General Santiago de Vera , and
5253-477: The Tamblot Uprising, Pagali used magic to attract followers, and claimed that they could turn the Spaniards into clay by hurling bits of earth at them. Governor-General Alonso Fajardo de Entenza sent the alcalde mayor of Cebu , Juan de Alcarazo, with Spanish and foot soldier colonial troops, to suppress the rebellion. Bankaw's severed head was impaled on a bamboo stake and displayed to the public as
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#17327802171335356-572: The assassinations of Spanish soldiers. The first incident took place on May 23, 1565, in Cebu where the group ambushed Pedro de Arana, who was an aide to Miguel López de Legazpi , the Spanish Governor of the Philippines. Dagami led a series of attacks, which baffled authorities for a time. By December 1566, Legazpi finally summoned the local datus and forced them to identify who the culprits were after two more Spaniards died of poisoning. Dagami
5459-415: The basis of ancestral domain. The refusal of the Spanish priests resulted in much rioting, resulting in massive looting of convents and arson of churches and ranches. The case was eventually investigated by Spanish officials and was even heard in the court of Ferdinand VI in which he ordered the priests to return the lands they seized. The priests were successfully able to appeal the return of lands back to
5562-458: The battlefield, it is certain that it was a struggle between the two sides, as each received numerous casualties on the fighting. Destroyed equipment, abandoned weapons and numerous dead bodies were scattered across the fields. Antonio, Palaris's general was captured, then taken to the Spanish camp chained and tortured. All of the bodies and destroyed equipment were thrown off a cliff. Palaris, after hearing of Antonio's capture, tried to save him but
5665-475: The coming of the Catholic Church. She gathered people from her village and fled to the mountains to unite with another village and prepared for war. A Dominican friar and loyal Malaueg men successfully quelled the forthcoming rebellion, and Caquenga was given over to the other village as a slave. However, many of her followers rebelled, burned down a Catholic church, and started other rebellions throughout
5768-475: The defeat of the Spaniards in his area and urging other provinces to rise in arms failed to obtain any support among the natives. During the revolt, Don Pedro Almazan proclaimed himself "King of Ilocos", but was later captured and executed. He also had a son which the Ilocanos proclaimed their prince. Fearing an invasion of Chinese led by the famous pirate Koxinga , the garrisons around Manila were reinforced. An increasing anti-Chinese sentiment grew within much of
5871-635: The end of the 16th century. The Itneg Revolt , or the Mandaya Revolt , was a religious uprising led by Miguel Lanab and Alababan. The two were previously baptized as Catholics against their will and were from the Itneg or Mandaya tribe of Capinatan, in northwestern Cagayan , in the Philippines . The region is now part of the landlocked province of Apayao . Miguel Lanab and Alababan killed, beheaded, and mutilated two Dominican missionaries, Father Alonzo Garcia and Brother Onofre Palao, who were sent by
5974-468: The entire area of Zambales and all of the chieftains who participated in the revolt were executed. In 1744 in what is now the province of Bohol , what is known today as the Dagohoy Revolt was undertaken by Francisco Dagohoy and his followers. This revolt is unique since it is the only revolt completely related to matters of religious customs, unlike the Tamblot Uprising before it, which was not
6077-404: The entire country to revolt. He was said to have committed atrocities against his fellow natives for refusing to rise up against the Spaniards. He soon controlled the countryside, and the Spanish eventually found themselves besieged. The Spanish Governor-General Francisco de Tello de Guzmán sent Pedro de Chaves from Manila with Spanish and Filipino colonial troops. They fought successfully against
6180-782: The fact that a parish priest tried to convince him not to pursue his plans. Upon his capture, he was brought to Manila where he was executed. In the town of Palapag , today in Northern Samar , Agustin Sumuroy , a Waray , and some of his followers rose in arms on June 1, 1649, over the polo y servicio or forced labor system being undertaken in Samar. This is known as the Sumuroy Revolt , named after Agustin Sumuroy. The government in Manila directed that all natives subject to
6283-403: The families or roughly 60 percent are farmers who till the northern part of the rich Agno Valley. The average family income as of the 2000 national census, was a low ₱ 9,662.67 (equivalent to ₱21,122 in 2021) a year. Maybe because the average farming family does not buy, but produce the bulk of its own food, family expenditures were lower at ₱7,545.42 . The average Santa Barbaran family has
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#17327802171336386-516: The general populace, the Spanish shot every person they come across at Barrio Ymbo, including civilians who had nothing to do without the revolt. Numerous others hid in the woods in an attempt to escape infighting. Palaris, now tired, exhausted and left alone after the Hidalgo brothers, the last leaders aside him killed, escaped the Spanish and his at Barrio de Dios (Porac now). Afterwards he went to Barrio Magtaking, and finally at Barrio Pao. Palaris
6489-488: The government from being overthrown. Mariano received a monthly pension of ₱14, but went mad after the execution. Santa Barbara, Pangasinan Santa Barbara , officially the Municipality of Santa Barbara ( Pangasinan : Baley na Santa Barbara ; Ilocano : Ili ti Santa Barbara ; Tagalog : Bayan ng Santa Barbara ), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan , Philippines . According to
6592-416: The growth of its trading sector. Also owing to its suburban location and easy access to three nearby cities, Urdaneta, San Carlos, and Dagupan, Santa Barbara has attracted subdivision developers, both for middle-class and low-cost markets. As of mid-2008, it has attracted to its territory eight different housing projects including subdivisions developed by the company owned by Senate President Manny Villar and
6695-565: The highest number of child-related deaths. The population of Pangasinan also saw a dramatic decrease, it has been estimated that 26,927 people were killed between 1762 and 1765, composing nearly half of the pre-war population. Pangasinan would remain under Spanish rule until the advent of the Philippine Revolution in the province by 1898. Philippine revolts against Spain#Malong Revolt Events/Artifacts (north to south) Events/Artifacts Artifacts During
6798-620: The highway of Piddig. Andrés Novales later grew discontented with the way Spanish authorities treated the criollos (ethnic Spaniards born in the colonies) and the Latin-American soldiers (mestizos and Native Americans) stationed in the Philippines (Suspected of supporting revolts due to the Latin American Wars of Independence). His discontentment climaxed when peninsulares (pure Spaniards born in Spain) were shipped to
6901-539: The islands were already under British control at that time. But Governor-General Simon de Anda dismissed the demands and the revolt broke out in November 1762. The name of de la Cruz, who began to be known as Palaris , emerged as one of the leaders of the revolt, along with his brother Colet, Andrés López, and Juan de Vera Oncantin. By December, all Spanish officials, except the Dominican friars who were in charge of
7004-616: The leaders of the revolt were arrested and summarily executed by Christian Cruz-Herrera. The Tondo Conspiracy , or the Conspiracy of the Maginoos , of 1587–1588, was a plot by the kin-related noblemen , or datus , of Manila and some towns of Bulacan and Pampanga . It was led by Agustin de Legazpi , nephew of Lakandula , and his first cousin, Martin Pangan . The datus swore to revolt. The uprising failed when they were denounced to
7107-424: The main force at Pias, a group of cavalrymen under Victor Valdez was stationed near Mangaldan to check the invading Spaniards from San Fabian. However, this largely failed as Valdez and his group got heavily drunk until midnight. They were awakened by the sound of cannon fire from the Spanish who recently arrived. Although too late, Valdez nevertheless immediately lead his forces to assist Palaris. When Valdez reached
7210-463: The national highway to Santa Barbara. 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) further west is Dagupan along Lingayen Gulf , and to its south is the town of Malasiqui and beyond it the City of San Carlos . Santa Barbara is 24 kilometers (15 mi) from Lingayen , 200 kilometers (120 mi) from Manila , 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) from Malasiqui, and 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) from Mangaldan . Santa Barbara
7313-475: The natives, which resulted in no land being returned to native landowners. Arguably one of the most famous revolts in Philippine history is the Silang Revolt from 1762 to 1763, led by the couple Diego Silang and Gabriela Silang . Unlike the other revolts, this revolt took place during the British occupation of Manila . On December 14, 1762, Diego Silang declared the independence of Ilocandia, naming
7416-487: The natives. Governor-General Santiago de Vera sent Spanish and Filipino colonial troops to pacify the rebels. The rebels were eventually pardoned and the Philippine tax system reformed. The Magalat Revolt was an uprising in 1596, led by Magalat, a rebel from Cagayan . He had been arrested in Manila for inciting rebellion against the Spanish. He was later released after some urging by some Dominican priests, and returned to Cagayan . Together with his brother, he urged
7519-517: The new alcalde mayor who took office on December 5, 1763 requested help from Anda's camp, which was still stationed in Bacolor. Anda dispatched one hundred and eighty men from his camp to Pangasinan, and gave orders to Manuel Arza to extirpate the last remains of the rebellion from Ilocos, that he might form a junction with the troops going to Manila under command of Pedro Bonardel. The two forces met again at Barrio Pias, around March, 1764. Aside from
7622-460: The night of June 1, 1823, Novales along with a certain sub-lieutenant Ruiz and other subordinates in the King's Regiment, which was composed mainly of Mexicans with a sprinkling of creoles and mestizos from the now independent nations of Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Costa Rica, went out to start a revolt. Along with 800 Indigenous natives in which his sergeants recruited, they seized
7725-532: The old belief of their forefathers. The revolt began on the day when the Jesuits were in Cebu , celebrating the feast day of St. Francis Xavier . It was finally crushed on New Year's Day, in 1622. Tamblot was executed and his head was set on a pike and displayed to serve as a warning to the populace. The Bankaw Revolt was a religious uprising against Spanish colonial rule led by Bancao, the datu of Carigara, in
7828-408: The other bank. One soldier was hit with a poisoned spear, which took some time for him to paralyze and scream before dying. It was due to inexperience and the doubting of the rebels that caused the Spanish to claim victory, even taking the rebels' flag. However Arayat ordered a retreat since crossing the river was too difficult and also because the rebels were much more numerous, carrying their flag as
7931-487: The population. In the end, the invasion did not materialize, but many locals massacred hundreds of Chinese in the Manila area. The Panay Revolt was a religious uprising in 1663 that involved Tapar , a native of the island of Panay , who wanted to establish a religious cult in the town of Oton, Iloilo. He attracted some followers with his stories about his frequent conversations with a demon. Tapar and his men were killed in
8034-452: The present-day Carigara in Leyte . Bankaw had warmly received Miguel López de Legazpi as his guest, when he first arrived in the Philippines in 1565. Although baptized as a Catholic in his youth, he abandoned this faith in later years. With a babaylan , or religious leader named Pagali, he built a temple for a diwata or local goddess, and pressed six towns to rise up in revolt. Similar to
8137-699: The present-day towns of Balilihan, Batuan, Bilar (Vilar), Catigbian, and Sevilla (Cabulao). The Agrarian Revolt was a revolt undertaken between the years 1745 and 1746 in much of the present-day Calabarzon (specifically in Batangas , Laguna , and Cavite ) and in Bulacan, with its first sparks in the towns of Lian and Nasugbu in Batangas. Indigenous landowners rose in arms over the land grabbing of Spanish friars or Catholic religious orders, with native landowners demanding that Spanish priests return their lands on
8240-591: The province, also started a campaign to persuade Pangasinan residents of the futility of the Palaris Revolt. By March 1764, most of the province had already fallen, leaving Palaris no escape route except through Lingayen Gulf and the South China Sea in the west. He chose to stay in Pangasinan and hid among his supporters. But his presence terrified his protectors and his own sister Simeona, who
8343-547: The rebellion completely. Still in Pias, Palaris sent the entirety of his surviving force in an attempt to thwart off the Spanish. After a brief siege of the municipal hall in Calasiao , they continued towards Dagupan, where a fierce battle began. Lasting for a week, the battle certainly dealt a massive blow to Palaris as his forces received large casualties from the otherwise more-equipped and better-trained Spaniards. After nearly
8446-517: The rebellion. They destroyed farms and other sources of food to starve the Itnegs, and forced them to surrender in 1627. Pedro Ladia was a Moro Bornean and a self-claimed descendant of Lakandula who came to Malolos in 1643. At that time, his land was confiscated by the Spanish and he thought that it was about time that they stage an uprising and put himself as King of the Tagalogs. This was despite
8549-546: The rebels, and captured and executed several leaders under Magalat. Magalat himself was assassinated within his fortified headquarters by his own men. By order of the Governor-General Francisco de Tello de Guzmán an expedition was sent to the Cordillera region for religious conversion purposes with the aid of Padre Esteban Marin. Marin, the curate of Ilocos at that time, tried initially to convince
8652-468: The rebels. For the first time since 1660, the Pangasinenses under the leadership of Malong and his subordinates experienced and enjoyed freedom once more. Palaris and his force repelled a Spanish attack at the battle of Agno on March 1, 1763, expanding its control towards the then-northern Zambaleño town of Bolinao . After the Treaty of Paris was signed between Spain , France and Britain concluding
8755-701: The revolt spreading to nearby towns and with fighting lasting for weeks. Spanish-led troops eventually quelled the revolt on September 28, 1807, albeit with much force and loss of life on the losing side. A series of 14 paintings on the Basi Revolt by Esteban Pichay Villanueva currently hangs at the Ilocos Sur National Museum in Vigan City . The event is immortalized and commemorated in the Basi Revolt Monument located along
8858-461: The revolt. After preparations of the revolt were brewing around late November, the Spanish had arrived at the province from Pampanga, after suffering ambushes set up by the rebels around late December. They signaled their arrival by the sound of gunfire. Rejecting another peace offer from Anda, Palaris declared the start of a revolution in the goal of achieving Pangasinense independence. The Spanish were spotted by Antonio, one of Palaris's generals on
8961-401: The revolt. Ricafort himself sent a force of 2,200 foot soldiers to Bohol, which was defeated by Dagohoy's followers. Another attack, also sent by Ricafort in 1828 and 1829, failed as well. Dagohoy died two years before the revolt ended, though, which led to the end of the revolt in 1829. Some 19,000 survivors were granted pardon and were eventually allowed to live in new Boholano villages: namely,
9064-492: The royal palace (Palacio del Gobernador), the Manila Cathedral , the city's cabildo (city hall) and other important government buildings in Intramuros. Failing to find Governor-General Juan Antonio Martínez, they killed the lieutenant governor and former governor-general, Mariano Fernandez de Folgueras. Folgueras was the one who suggested Spain replace Creole officers with peninsulars. The soldiers shouted, "Long live
9167-432: The sound of artillery fire began when the Spanish fired at Palaris's force, followed by a cavalry charge led by Pedro Hernani on crossing the river towards the other side. Hernani was then killed by Domingo's spear, but not without shooting Domingo with a pistol. Meanwhile Pedro Tagle took his position and shouted at the soldiers on the command of attack to maintain morale. Suddenly a hand-to-hand combat took place throughout
9270-426: The state "Free Ilocos" and proclaimed Vigan the capital of this newly independent state. The British heard about this revolt in Manila and even asked the help of Silang in fighting the Spanish. However, Silang was killed on May 28, 1763, by Miguel Vicos, a friend of Silang. The Spanish authorities paid for his murder, leading to his death in the arms of his wife, Gabriela. She continued her husband's struggle, earning
9373-405: The time when he heard of the revolt in Pangasinan. He warned to the inhabitants of the province to retain loyalty to Spain, serve without pay and pay taxes. However, he couldn't take action against this since he was still hiding from the British who recently sent a force to capture him and his wartime government. The Spanish did nothing to quell Palaris's revolt, and by December all Spaniards except
9476-505: The title "Joan of Arc of the Ilocos" because of her many victories in battle. The battles of the Silang revolt are a prime example of the use of divide et impera , since Spanish troops largely used Kapampangan soldiers to fight the Ilocanos. Eventually, the revolt ended with the defeat of the Ilocanos. Gabriela Silang was executed by Spanish authorities in Vigan on September 10, 1763. During
9579-469: The town's 29 barangays with about 80 percent of all households served. Power rates are much lower than in Metro Manila for both households, commercial and industrial users. The local government-run Rural Health Unit and its 10 satellite barangay health centers, plus seven private medical clinics and one dental clinic serve the basic health needs of Santa Barbara residents. Santa Barbara, belonging to
9682-503: Was also in communication with Silang, with whom he was coordinating a bigger offensive against the Spanish. However, the Seven Years' War ended on February 10, 1763, with the signing of the Treaty of Paris . Also, Silang was assassinated on May 28, 1763, by an Indio under the employ of the friars. The Spanish were then able to focus on the uprising and mustered forces to surround Palaris. The Spanish friars, who were allowed to stay in
9785-495: Was always rude to his sister, Simeona, always bore the brunt of the brother's fury in times when he bursts his anger out. Due to a recent beating since she was a bit late bringing his brother's necessities, Simeona decided to end this suffering by revealing Palaris's whereabouts to Bonardel. On January 16, 1765, as usual, Simeona brings his brother's lunch at theur dining room. Without hesitation, Palaris ate: this allowed his sister to take time to destroy his bow and arrow, then gave
9888-440: Was an uprising in Pampanga during the 1660s named after its leader, Francisco Maniago . During that time, Pampanga drew most of the attention from the Spanish religious orders because of its relative wealth. They also bore the burden of more tribute, forced labor, and rice exploitation. They were made to work for eight months under unfair conditions and were not paid for their labor and for the rice purchased from them. Their patience
9991-401: Was apparently threatened by the Spanish clergy, betrayed him to Agustín Matias, the gobernadorcillo (mayor) of the razed Binalatongan. Palaris was arrested on January 16, 1765, and brought to the provincial capital of Lingayen for trial. While in detention, he confessed to being the principal leader of the revolt. He was convicted and hanged on February 26, 1765. The Basi Revolt, also known as
10094-574: Was captured rigil. The Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt, also known as the Tagalog Revolt, was an uprising in 1574 by Lakandula and Rajah Sulayman in Tondo, Manila. The revolt occurred in the same year as the Chinese pirate Limahong attacked the palisaded yet poorly defended enclosure of Intramuros. Their revolt sadly failed with fatal injuries and deaths. The Pampanga Revolt was an uprising in 1585 by some native Kapampangan leaders who resented
10197-418: Was largely the cause of the insurrections that transpired in the agricultural provinces of Batangas, Ilocos sur, Cavite, and Laguna. Natives also rebelled over unjust taxation and forced labor. Most of these revolts failed because the majority of the local population sided up with the well-armed colonial government, and to fight with Spanish as foot soldiers to put down the revolts. In Mindanao and Sulu ,
10300-402: Was only confined to the mountains, with the Spanish firmly reestablished their authority in the province. After nearly 10 months, Palaris set out to start the revolt for a third time. They killed many, though that was not enough as they were quickly overwhelmed by the Spanish, forcing them turn east towards Binalatongan . In an effort to eradicate any possible rebel that might be blending with
10403-537: Was put to the limit and they signified their intention to revolt by setting their campsite on fire. The fight soon began and because the Spaniards were busy fighting against the Dutch, they were badly depleted by the Kapampangans. The Maniago revolt was the start of a much bigger and even bloodier revolt in Pangasinan. This battle was led by a man named Andres Malong who had heeded the call of Maniago to revolt against
10506-546: Was successfully established in the mountains of Samar. The defeat, capture, and execution of Sumuroy in June 1650 delivered a big setback to the revolt. His trusted co-conspirator David Dula sustained the quest for freedom with greater vigor but in a fierce battle several years later, he was wounded, captured, and later executed in Palapag, Northern Samar by the Spaniards together with his seven key lieutenants. The Maniago Revolt
10609-403: Was the maestro de campo of Binalatongan - now San Carlos City - in Pangasinan in the 1660s. He assisted many Spaniards in governing different towns in Pangasinan, and as such, had learned and was trained to use force and cruelty. He hoped of being the King of the province, however, set this plan aside when a war, led by Francisco Maniago, broke out in Pampanga. Malong started his campaign in
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