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16-458: Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken was created in 1731 when Christian III of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld inherited the Duchy of Zweibrücken. Christian soon died in 1735 and was succeeded by his son Christian IV . Christian IV began his reign obtaining politically favourable conditions for his state, and in this end he formed a close relationship with the court of France. Although he bankrupted

32-545: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibr%C3%BCcken Christian III , Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld ( Strassburg , 7 November 1674 – Zweibrücken , 3 February 1735) was a German nobleman. He was a member of the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld , a cadet branch of the House of Wittelsbach . He was the son of Christian II of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and Katharina Agathe, Countess of Rappoltstein. He

48-590: The County of Sponheim . In 1731, Count Palatine Gustavus Samuel Leopold of Zweibrücken died childless and Christian III inherited his territory. His relatives objected, but in a treaty with Elector Palatine Charles III Philip concluded in Mannheim on 24 December 1733, it was agreed that Christian would receive Palatine Zweibrücken . He died in Zweibrücken in 1735 and is buried alongside other counts/dukes of

64-598: The French Revolution broke out he managed to obtain the neutrality of his state by the French, but in 1795 the French invaded and annexed Zweibrücken and Charles fled to Mannheim and later Heidelberg-Rohrbach . He was succeeded in title by his brother Maximilian Joseph in 1795. In 1797 Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken was formally ceded to France, although two years later Maximilian inherited Bavaria. Name Reign Notes This German history article

80-759: The Palatinate-Neuburg line became extinct, and the Electorate of the Palatinate (including Neuburg, Jülich and Berg) was inherited by Charles Theodore of the Palatinate-Sulzbach line of the Wittelsbach family. Another granddaughter of Charles Philip, Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach , was later married to Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken . Their son Maximilian I Joseph of Palatinate-Zweibrücken became

96-567: The French military in 1697 and took over the Alsatian regiment. In 1699, he inherited the County of Rappoltstein from his mother. In 1702 he became Field marshal and in 1704 he was promoted to lieutenant general. He excelled militarily at the Battle of Oudenaarde in 1708. In 1717, his father died. He left the army and took up administration of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, which was a small part of

112-570: The birth, he married, secondly Princess Teresa Lubomirska , heiress of Ostroh in Kraków on 15 December 1701. They had two daughters, neither of whom though lived past the age of three: In 1728, he married Countess Violente Maria Theresia of Thurn und Taxis (1683–1734). This childless union was considered morganatic , as the Augsburg branch of the wealthy Thurn und Taxis family had only been elevated to baronial rank in 1657 and made counts of

128-661: The castle's wine stocks. To strengthen the union of all lines of the Wittelsbach dynasty Charles Philip organized a wedding on 17 January 1742 when his granddaughter Elizabeth Auguste was married to Charles Theodore of Palatinate-Sulzbach and her sister Maria Anna to the Bavarian prince Clement . In the imperial election a few days later Charles III Philip voted for his Bavarian cousin Prince-Elector Charles Albert . Upon his death in December 1742,

144-468: The heir of the Palatinate-Sulzbach line. While in Mannheim, Charles III Philip, and later his successor Charles IV Theodore, put together what was commonly regarded as the finest orchestra in all of Europe. Under the leadership of musicians such as Johann Stamitz and Carlo Grua , the orchestra of the Kapelle was lauded by such musicians such as Leopold and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . Charles Philip

160-475: The house's line , in the crypt of Alexander's Church ( Alexanderskirche  [ de ] ) in Zweibrücken , built in 1493 by his ancestor Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken . In 1719, at Château de Lorentzen , he married Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1704–1774) and had four children. Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine Charles III Philip (4 November 1661 – 31 December 1742)

176-408: The state through his alchemy , art collecting, construction work and a failed attempt to establish a porcelain industry in Zweibrücken, he was considered a good Duke, especially in comparison to his nephew Charles III who succeeded him in 1775. Charles III began his reign as an absolutist ruler, and in the first two years he endeavoured to dismiss the court and restore the financial situation of

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192-583: The state. He greatly expanded the size of the household of the Duchy which quickly developed into a financial burden itself, further increasing his unpopularity. In 1778/ 9 the Potato War was fought on Charles' behalf by Prussia and Saxony to prevent Charles Theodore , Duke of Bavaria, exchanging the Duchy of Bavaria for the Austrian Netherlands as Charles was the heir of Bavaria. When

208-657: Was Elector Palatine , Count of Palatinate-Neuburg , and Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1716 to 1742. Until 1728 he was also Count of Megen . Born in Neuburg an der Donau , Charles Philip was the seventh of seventeen children of Philip William, Elector Palatine and Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt . Though Charles Philip became a cleric in Cologne at the age of fourteen in 1677 in Salzburg, and again in 1679 in Mainz, he

224-489: Was Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld from 1717 to 1731. In 1731, he inherited the sovereign duchy of Palatine Zweibrücken and thus became Count Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken. He was also Count of Rappoltstein from 1699 until his death. Christian was born in Strasbourg in 1674. He was the only son of Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld to survive into adulthood. He began his career in

240-537: Was married three times. His first marriage took place in Berlin on 10 August 1688 when he married Princess Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł , dowager margravine of Brandenburg and a wealthy heiress in Lithuania . They had four children although only a single daughter, Elisabeth Auguste, lived to adulthood: After the death of his first wife, Ludwika, a few days after the birth of their fourth child due to complications from

256-687: Was not ordained but instead started a military career in 1684. He then joined the Habsburg war against the Turks 1691–1694 and was promoted to imperial field marshal. In 1712 he was appointed Governor of Further Austria in Innsbruck . Charles Philip succeeded his brother Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine on his death in 1716. He moved the Palatinate's capital from Heidelberg to the new city of Mannheim in 1720, but not before promoting his favorite court jester, Perkeo of Heidelberg , to be in charge of

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