101-634: The Palazzo Gerolamo Grimaldi also known as the palazzo della Meridiana is a building located in the salita di San Francesco at number 4 in the historical centre of Genoa , included on 13 July 2006 in the list of the forty-two palaces inscribed in the Rolli di Genova that became World Heritage by UNESCO on that date. It was built between 1536 and 1544 by the Genoese banker Gerolamo Grimaldi Oliva, who had become rich in Portugal and Spain where he managed
202-411: A common storm track . Due to its position between the sea and mountains over 1000 meters high, each neighborhood of Genoa has specific climatic characteristics. The average yearly temperature is around 20 °C (68 °F) during the day and 14 °C (57 °F) at night. In the coldest months, the average temperature is 12 °C (54 °F) during the day and 6 °C (43 °F) at night. In
303-637: A building near the Chiesa di Nostra Signora delle Grazie in the Molo neighborhood of Genoa, the conservatory moved into the facilities of the former monastery attached to that church in 1834. It remained at that location until 1866 when the conservatory relocated to the premises of the San Filippo Neri, Genoa ; inhabiting the former church until it was reclaimed by the Holy See in 1928. The conservatory
404-453: A consequence of Atlantic disturbances and storms, bringing humid and warmer air from the sea. Snowfall is sporadic, but does occur almost every year, albeit big amounts in the city centre are rare. Genoa often receives heavy rainfall in autumn from strong convection. Even so, the overall number of precipitation days is quite modest. There are on average 11.57 days annually with thunder, which is more common from May to October than other times of
505-430: A decentralised city palace and a suburban villa residence, holds in its extraordinary ambiguity the secret genesis of an architectural renovation that few have so far clearly denounced in its ancestry. The opening of Strada Nuovissima (1778—1786, today's Via Cairoli) required the excavation of the lower garden and the reconstruction of the south façade, with the addition by Giacomo Brusco of a covered forepart surmounted by
606-403: A group of Genoese citizens led by the president of the school's trustees, Nicolò Sauli, stabilized the finances of the institution through raising charitable funds. In his role as deputy mayor of Genoa, the civil servant and composer Francesco Viani (1809–1877) spearheaded the transformation of the school into a larger public music conservatory operated by the government of Genoa at which point
707-577: A harp, and, most complicatedly, two organs which were disassembled and then re-assembled at their new location. In February 1943 the Nazi German military forces left the Villa Raggio, and the conservatory was able to return to that location. A few months later the Wehrmacht requisitioned the building again, and the school was forced to co-exist with Nazi personnel also using the premises. In
808-609: A large portion of the trade of the Byzantine Empire , Tripoli (Libya), the Principality of Antioch , Cilician Armenia , and Egypt. Although Genoa maintained free-trading rights in Egypt and Syria, it lost some of its territorial possessions after Saladin's campaigns in those areas in the late 12th century. The commercial and cultural rivalry of Genoa and Venice was played out through the thirteenth century. Thanks to
909-412: A long time failed to notice it" (Braudel 1984 p. 157). The Genoese bankers provided the unwieldy Habsburg system with fluid credit and a dependably regular income. In return the less dependable shipments of American silver were rapidly transferred from Seville to Genoa, to provide capital for further ventures. Genoa's trade, however, remained closely dependent on control of Mediterranean sealanes, and
1010-508: A private letter from that period, director Pasquale Montani described the situation as intolerable, with the German command taking over almost the entire school, leaving very little space for music instruction to continue. Staff was forced to use storage closets and hallways as classrooms. One of the few remaining classrooms at the disposal of the school simultaneously served as the conservatory's administrative office for its director and secretary,
1111-534: A radical transformation of the Fiera di Genova , with the creation of a new dock and an urban park, the continuation of Corso Italia towards Porta Siberia and the construction of residential structures. In 2018, the first planning and study works began for the realization of the Waterfront of Levante project. From 21 April to 6 May 2018, Euroflora 2018 took place, an exhibition of flowers and ornamental plants for
SECTION 10
#17327916491941212-547: A red cross. At the top it is inscribed with 'justice', in this manner. There was also a historiographical tradition claiming that the flag of England was derived from the Genoese flag, which derives from the Knights Templar 's red cross, during the Third Crusade in 1190; however, it cannot be substantiated as historical. The city of Genoa covers an area of 243 square kilometres (94 sq mi) between
1313-465: A terrace and a sundial painted on the façade, to which the current name Palazzo della Meridiana is owed. Evidence of the original 16th-century façade remains in Rubens' edition of Palazzi di Genova (1652). In the case of the sundial palace, Rubens decided to depict the façade on the garden instead of the main façade, as in the other palaces illustrated, as the elevation on the salita di San Francesco
1414-707: Is a city in and the capital of the Italian region of Liguria , and the sixth-largest city in Italy . In 2023, 558,745 people lived within the city's administrative limits. While its metropolitan city has 813,626 inhabitants, more than 1.5 million people live in the wider metropolitan area stretching along the Italian Riviera . On the Gulf of Genoa in the Ligurian Sea , Genoa has historically been one of
1515-580: Is also known for its narrow lanes and streets that the locals call "caruggi". Genoa is also home to the University of Genoa , which has a history going back to the 15th century, when it was known as Genuense Athenaeum. The city's rich cultural history in art , music and cuisine allowed it to become the 2004 European Capital of Culture . It is the birthplace of Guglielmo Embriaco , Christopher Columbus , Andrea Doria , Niccolò Paganini , Giuseppe Mazzini , Renzo Piano and Grimaldo Canella , founder of
1616-619: Is articulated in a maze of squares and narrow caruggi (typical Genoese alleys). It joins a medieval dimension with following 16th century and Baroque interventions (the ancient Via Aurea, now Via Garibaldi ). Genoa Conservatory The Conservatorio Niccolò Paganini (English: Conservatory of Music Niccolò Paganini ), better known in English as the Genoa Conservatory , is a music conservatory in Genoa , Italy. The school
1717-408: Is irregular due to the slope of the land. This elevation has also changed from the original 16th-century one, which at the height of the marble balcony on the piano nobile had a deep recess in the centre corresponding to the open courtyard below. Today's appearance dates back to 1697, when the central loggia covered the first courtyard and converted it into a closed atrium. On the whole, today's palace
1818-623: Is the oldest known state deposit bank in the world and has played an important role in the city's prosperity since the middle of the 15th century. The historical centre , also known as old town, of Genoa is one of the largest and most-densely populated in Europe. Part of it was also inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 as Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli . Genoa's historical city centre
1919-444: Is very different from the original, which comprised two internal loggia courtyards and was surrounded by gardens, characterised by the alternation of open and covered spaces: from the entrance portico a visual telescope framed the small garden to the west with a large nymphaeum, water features and automata through an alternation of spaces barely interrupted by the perspective plays of the colonnades. After three centuries of belonging to
2020-716: The Bisagno stream to overflow. In 1987 the Banco di San Giorgio was established. In 1992 Genoa celebrated the Colombiadi or Genoa Expo '92 , the celebration of the 500th anniversary of the discovery of the American Continent by Christopher Columbus . The area of the ancient port of Genoa is restructured and expanded also with the works of the architect Renzo Piano . The 27th G8 summit , that took place in July 2001,
2121-696: The Gothic War , the Byzantines made it the seat of their vicar . When the Lombards invaded Italy in 568, Bishop Honoratus of Milan fled and held his seat in Genoa. During this time and in the following century Genoa was little more than a small centre, slowly building its merchant fleet, which was to become the leading commercial carrier of the Western Mediterranean. In 934–35 the town
SECTION 20
#17327916491942222-703: The Government of Italy after successfully completing a review by the Ministry of Public Education led by Ildebrando Pizzetti . In September 1936 the Genoa Conservatory relocated to the Villa Raggio in the Albaro neighborhood of the city. The events of World War II in Italy had a significant impact on the school's students, staff, and physical premises during the 1940s. War rationing and supply interruptions made it difficult to obtain heating fuel and
2323-572: The House of Grimaldi , among others. Genoa, which forms the southern corner of the Milan-Turin-Genoa industrial triangle of Northwest Italy , is one of the country's major economic centers. A number of leading Italian companies are based in the city, including Fincantieri , Leonardo , Ansaldo Energia , Ansaldo STS , Erg , Piaggio Aerospace , Mediterranean Shipping Company and Costa Cruises . The city's modern name may derive from
2424-587: The House of Savoy , contravening the principle of restoring the legitimate governments and monarchies of the old Republic. In the 19th century, Genoa consolidated its role as a major seaport and an important steel and shipbuilding centre. In Genoa in 1853, Giovanni Ansaldo founded Gio. Ansaldo & C. whose shipyards would build some of the most beautiful ships in the world, such as ARA Garibaldi , SS Roma , MS Augustus , SS Rex , SS Andrea Doria , SS Cristoforo Colombo , MS Gripsholm , SS Leonardo da Vinci , SS Michelangelo , and SS SeaBreeze . In 1854,
2525-539: The Labours of Hercules have been attributed to Aurelio Busso . The fresco decoration of many interior rooms by Luca Cambiaso , Giovanni Battista Castello , Lazzaro Calvi and others was started between 1556 and 1566 under the commission of Gerolamo's son, Giovanni Battista Grimaldi, owner of the famous villa Grimaldi detta La Fortezza in Sampierdarena . The 15th-century building, with its dual character of
2626-573: The Latin word meaning "knee" ( genu ; plural, genua ) but there are other theories. It could derive from the god Janus , because Genoa, like him, has two faces: a face that looks at the sea and another turned to the mountains. Or it could come from the Latin word ianua , also related to the name of the God Janus, and meaning "door", or "passage." Besides that, it may refer to its geographical position at
2727-614: The Ligurian Sea and the Apennine Mountains . The city stretches along the coast for about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the neighbourhood of Voltri to Nervi, and for 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the coast to the north along the valleys Polcevera and Bisagno . The territory of Genoa is popularly divided into 5 main zones: the centre, the west, the east, the Polcevera and the Bisagno Valley. Although much of
2828-569: The Villa Saluzzo Serra art museum in the Genoese neighborhood of Nervi . The school was unable to take a significant portion of their resources with them due to the limited space offered to them at their new home; including the contents of its large music library. However, they did bring a full complement of handheld orchestral instruments, with the luthier Cesare Candi overseeing their careful packaging and transport. The school also transported four grand pianos , nine upright pianos ,
2929-556: The Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany ordered the placement of powerful anti-aircraft batteries and troops on the property of the Villa Raggio. This placed the conservatory's staff and students in danger, as it made their home a likely military target of the Allied Powers of World War II . As a result, the conservatory's leadership made the difficult decision to leave the Villa Raggio in January 1943 and took temporary residence within
3030-666: The "Genuati" (a group of Ligure peoples), was considered "the emporium of the Ligurians", given its strong commercial character. The "Genoese oppidum" had an alliance with Rome through a foedus aequum (equal pact) in the course of the Second Punic War . The Carthaginians accordingly destroyed it in 209 BC. The town was rebuilt and, after the Carthaginian Wars ended in 146 BC, it received municipal rights. The original castrum then expanded towards
3131-414: The 2024 European Capital of Sport. On March 7, 2024, Mayor Marco Bucci presented the vision of Genoa 2030, a development and urban renewal plan for Genoa to be completed in 2030. The flag of Genoa is a St. George's Cross , a red cross on a white field. The patron saint of Genoa was Saint Lawrence until at least 958, but the Genoese transferred their allegiance to Saint George (and Saint John
Palazzo Gerolamo Grimaldi - Misplaced Pages Continue
3232-524: The Baptist ) at some point during the 11th or 12th century, most likely with the rising popularity of the military saint during the Crusades . Genoa also had a banner displaying a cross since at latest 1218, possibly as early as 1113. But the cross banner was not associated with the saint; indeed, the saint had his own flag, the vexillum beati Georgii (first mentioned 1198), a red flag showing George and
3333-745: The Chariot ). When Italy entered the war in May 1915, the Mackenzie family made some rooms in the Palazzo della Meridiana available to be converted into a hospital for Italian officers. In the 1960s it housed the Genoa Conservatory . In the last century, it has been used several times as a public building with subsequent partitioning and rebuilding. Genoa Genoa ( / ˈ dʒ ɛ n oʊ ə / JEN -oh-ə ; Italian : Genova [ˈdʒɛːnova] ; Ligurian : Zêna [ˈzeːna] )
3434-525: The Genoa Conservatory, but recommended that Serafino Amedeo De Ferrari be appointed to the position in his place. De Ferrari was appointed director in 1873 in conjunction with several changes made by the Government of Genoa to the conservatory's governing structure. In 1882 the school was put under the administration of Genoa's public education office, having previously been managed by the Genoa government's bursar's office. This move proved fortuitous as
3535-498: The Genoese colony of Caffa was established. The alliance with the restored Byzantine Empire increased the wealth and power of Genoa, and simultaneously decreased Venetian and Pisan commerce. The Byzantine Empire had granted the majority of free trading rights to Genoa. Around the 14th century, Genoa was also credited with the invention of blue jeans . Genoa's jean fabric was a fustian textile of "medium quality and of reasonable cost", very similar to cotton corduroy for which Genoa
3636-545: The Grimaldi Oliva family, in 1835 Gio Agostino sold the palazzo to Paolo Sebastiano Odero. At the beginning of the 20th century, Evan Mackenzie, representative in Genoa of Lloyd's of London , commissioned the Florentine architect Gino Coppedè to adapt the palazzo as an office building. On this occasion, in addition to new buildings in the rear garden area, the courtyard was covered with a stained-glass skylight, at
3737-889: The Municipal Council in 2007. Notable to the city are the Palazzi dei Rolli , included in UNESCO World Heritage Site Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli . The world-famous Strade Nuove are via Garibaldi (Strada Nuova), via Cairoli (Strada Nuovissima) and via Balbi (Strada Balbi). Among the most important palaces are the Palazzo Rosso , Palazzo Bianco , Palazzo Podestà o di Nicolosio Lomellino, Palazzo Reale , Palazzo Angelo Giovanni Spinola , Palazzo Pietro Spinola di San Luca and Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria . Genoa's historic centre
3838-708: The Philippines which he subjugated to the Christian Presidio of Zamboanga . Curiously, Zamboanga's Chavacano Creole language, has Italian vocabulary and cognates. From the 17th century, the Genoese Republic started a period of slow decline, In May 1625 a French-Savoian army briefly laid siege to Genoa. Though it was eventually lifted with the aid of the Spanish , the French would later bombard
3939-601: The Republic of Genoa, in a self proclaimed Corsican Republic in 1755 under the leadership of Pasquale Paoli , son of Giacinto Paoli. The Republic of Genoa continued its slow decline well into the 18th century, losing its last Mediterranean colony, the island fortress of Tabarka , to the Bey of Tunis in 1742. The Convention of Turin of 1742, in which Austria allied with the Kingdom of Sardinia , caused some consternation in
4040-625: The Republic. Consequently, the Republic of Genoa signed a secret treaty with the Bourbon allies of Kingdom of France , Spanish Empire and Kingdom of Naples . On 26 June 1745, the Republic of Genoa declared war on the Kingdom of Sardinia. This decision would prove disastrous for Genoa, which later surrendered to the Austrians in September 1746 and was briefly occupied before a revolt liberated
4141-625: The Villa Raggio was requisitioned by the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany and later by the military forces of the Allied Powers . After the war the conservatory continued to operate in the Villa Raggio, but left there to reside temporarily in the Palazzo Gerolamo Grimaldi during the 1960s. Since 1970 the conservatory has been located at the Villa Sauli Bombrini Doria in Albaro, Genoa. The Genoa Conservatory
Palazzo Gerolamo Grimaldi - Misplaced Pages Continue
4242-593: The average 2.9 of nights recorded temperatures of ≤0 °C (32 °F) (mainly in January). The coldest temperature ever recorded was −8 °C (18 °F) in February 2012; the highest temperature ever recorded during the day is 38.5 °C (101 °F) in August 2015. Average annual number of days with temperatures of ≥30 °C (86 °F) is about 8, four days in July and August. Average annual temperature of
4343-462: The building on 30 June 1945. Pasquale Montani's lengthy tenure as director of the conservatory continued in the post-war years in which he advocated strongly for repairs to the conservatory's home at the Villa Raggio. Portions of the school's roof had collapsed during the war, and letters written by Montani to the Ministry of Education in 1946 expressed his frustration at the lack of aid provided by
4444-655: The bursar's office had opposed many education reforms petitioned by De Ferrari in previous years, and had made controversial cuts to programming to save money in the 1870s; including cutting many of the courses offered to female students as well as removing piano instruction. When the public education department took over the management of the school, the classes for women and for piano were immediately restored, and ultimately many of Ferrari's reforms were approved in 1884 just months before his death in March 1885; including establishment of an academic chair for music composition . Verdi
4545-734: The centre of the Ligurian coastal arch. The Latin name, oppidum Genua , is recorded by Pliny the Elder ( Nat. Hist. 3.48) as part of the Augustean Regio IX Liguria . Another theory traces the name to the Etruscan word Kainua which means "New City", based on an inscription on a pottery sherd reading Kainua , which suggests that the Latin name may be a corruption of an older Etruscan one with an original meaning of "new town". The city's area has been inhabited since
4646-622: The centre of which stand the symbols of the cities of Rome, Venice and Turin, and the tempera decorations of the vaults and several rooms were made by the Apulian painter Nicola Mascialino, of Neo-Renaissance architecture , who also intervened heavily in the interior decoration of rooms where there are frescoes by Luca Cambiaso ( Ulysses who thunders the Proci , Episodes from the Odyssey , Satyr mocked by Cupid ) and Lazzaro Calvi ( Apollo on
4747-417: The city in May 1684 for its support of Spain during the War of the Reunions . In-between, a plague killed as many as half of the inhabitants of Genoa in 1656–57. In 1729, the Republic of Genoa must cope with the beginning of the Corsica revolution for the independence, first led by Luiggi Giafferi and Giacinto Paoli, which culminated after 26 years of struggles, costly in economic and military terms for
4848-429: The city beginning in the middle of the 19th century. In 1850 the composer, conductor, and violinist Giovanni Serra (1787–1876) was appointed director of the Genoa Conservatory; a position offered to him only after it was refused first by composer Carlo Andrea Gambini (1819–1865) and then by composer Placido Mandanici . Mandanici, who had been teaching on the faculty of the conservatory, had been appointed director of
4949-439: The city centre is located at a low elevation, the territory surrounding it is mountainous with undeveloped land usually being in steep terrain. Genoa is adjacent to two popular Ligurian vacation spots: Camogli and Portofino . In the metropolitan area of Genoa lies Aveto Natural Regional Park . Genoa has a Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) in the Köppen climate classification , with plentiful precipitation due to its location on
5050-439: The city two months later. The Republic of Genoa, in a weak state and not capable of suppressing the Corsican struggle for independence, was forced to cede Corsica to France in 1768 Treaty of Versailles . Only a year later, Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Corsica. In 1780, the Confetteria Romanengo was founded in Genoa. The direct intervention of Napoleon (during the Campaigns of 1796 ) and his representatives in Genoa
5151-442: The city was completely connected by railway lines to France and the rest of Italy: Genoa-Turin , Genoa-Ventimiglia , Genoa-Pisa . In 1884 Rinaldo Piaggio founded Piaggio & C. that produced locomotives and railway carriages and then in 1923 began aircraft production. In 1888 the Banca Passadore was established. In 1898 the insurance company called Alleanza Assicurazioni was founded. In 1917 Lloyd Italico insurance company
SECTION 50
#17327916491945252-440: The city. Starting from 2021, the Mayor Marco Bucci and the President of Liguria Giovanni Toti will launch a new plan for the modernization and redevelopment of the entire city of Genoa, which has as its fulcrum Renzo Piano's Levante Waterfront project. From 23 April 2022 to 8 May 2022, Euroflora 2022 took place for the second time at the Nervi Parks. In 2023 Genoa becomes the finish of The Ocean Race . In 2024 Genoa becomes
5353-403: The collapse of the Morandi Bridge and its rapid reconstruction with a new viaduct designed by architect Renzo Piano, which occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic , facilitated by a redefinition of the implementing rules of public procurement, which has been defined as the Genoa model, they will then give further impetus to the construction of the Levante Waterfront, and other important works for
5454-447: The collection at the Genoa Conservatory's music library. After Costa's death, the impresario Francesco Sanguineti became interim director of the school while a decision was made over the future direction of the institution. The disastrous defeat at the Battle of Novara in March 1849 during the First Italian War of Independence further imperiled the future of the school as the economic and political situation in Genoa worsened. However,
5555-413: The collection of taxes in Cordoba and Granada . At the time of its construction it stood in an area of little urbanisation and considerable slope, with access and main façade on the salita di San Francesco di Castelletto , as well as two side elevations facing upstream and downstream gardens, much praised by the architect Joseph Fürttenbach. The frescoes on the north façade, still visible today, depicting
5656-399: The conservatory at a Genoa city council meeting without being consulted, and promptly resigned from the faculty upon learning that he had been made the director without his consent. Under Serra's leadership the school expanded its class offerings to include courses in music theory , solfège , piano performance, and chamber music ; and Serra established a chair position in counterpoint at
5757-403: The conservatory in addition to maintaining the school's reputation as one of Italy's best schools for vocalists. In 1866 the Genoa Conservatory relocated to the premises of the San Filippo Neri, Genoa , a former church established by the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri , and in 1872 Serra retired from his position as director. Giuseppe Verdi declined the offer of succeeding Serra as director of
5858-407: The conservatory was renamed the Civico Istituto Musicale. The school was officially made into a public institution on Christmas Eve of 1849. Viani also established a professional civic orchestra operated by the government of Genoa which also took over the management of the Teatro Carlo Felice; creating a trio of publicly operated music institutions in Genoa that contributed greatly to the culture of
5959-456: The crusaders, mainly during the siege of Antioch in 1098, when the Genoese fleet blockaded the city while the troops provided support during the siege. In the siege of Jerusalem in 1099 Genoese crossbowmen led by Guglielmo Embriaco acted as support units against the defenders of the city. The Republic's role as a maritime power in the Mediterranean region secured many favorable commercial treaties for Genoese merchants. They came to control
6060-409: The current areas of Santa Maria di Castello and the San Lorenzo promontory. Trade goods included skins, timber, and honey. Goods were moved to and from Genoa's hinterland, including major cities like Tortona and Piacenza . An amphitheater was also found there among other archaeological remains from the Roman period. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire , the Ostrogoths occupied Genoa. After
6161-428: The discovery of the Americas for Spain to the Bank of Saint George in Genoa for the relief of taxation on foods. Under the ensuing economic recovery, many aristocratic Genoese families, such as the Balbi, Doria , Grimaldi , Pallavicini , and Serra, amassed tremendous fortunes. According to Felipe Fernandez-Armesto and others, the practices Genoa developed in the Mediterranean (such as chattel slavery) were crucial in
SECTION 60
#17327916491946262-418: The dragon. A depiction of this flag is shown in the Genoese annals under the year 1227. The Genoese flag with the red cross was used alongside this "Saint George's flag", from at least 1218, known as the insignia cruxata comunis Janue ("cross ensign of the commune of Genoa"). The saint's flag was the city's main war flag, but the cross flag was used alongside it in the 1240s. The Saint George 's flag (i.e.
6363-422: The exploration and exploitation of the New World. Thereafter, Genoa underwent something of an associate of the Spanish Empire , with Genoese bankers, in particular, financing many of the Spanish crown's foreign endeavors from their counting houses in Seville . Fernand Braudel has even called the period 1557 to 1627 the "age of the Genoese", "of a rule that was so discreet and sophisticated that historians for
6464-408: The famous Genoese composer. After Polleri's death in 1923, pianist Pasquale Montani became director of the Genoa Conservatory. During his tenure he acquired several instruments made by the Italian luthier Cesare Candi for the conservatory and significantly expanded the library's holdings of music manuscripts and scholarly materials. In 1928 a change in laws enacted by the Holy See resulted in
6565-450: The ferry company Costa Crociere was founded. In 1861 the Registro Italiano Navale Italian register of shipping was created, and in 1879 the Yacht Club Italiano . The owner Raffaele Rubattino in 1881 was among the founders of the ferry company Navigazione Generale Italiana which then become the Italian Line . In 1870 Banca di Genova was founded which in 1895 changed its name to Credito Italiano and in 1998 became Unicredit . In 1874
6666-411: The fifth or fourth millennium BC, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. In the fifth century BC the first town, or oppidum , was founded probably by the ancient Ligures (which gave the name to the modern region of Liguria ) at the top of the hill today called Castello (Castle), which is now inside the medieval old town. In this period the Genoese town, inhabited by
6767-452: The first time in the Parchi di Nervi venue, rather than in the historic venue of the Fiera di Genova . On 14 August 2018 the Ponte Morandi viaduct bridge for motor vehicles collapsed during a torrential downpour, leading to 43 deaths. The remains of the Ponte Morandi viaduct bridge were demolished in August 2019. The replacement bridge, the Genoa-Saint George Bridge , was inaugurated in August 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic . The tragedy of
6868-404: The flag depicting the saint) remained the main flag of Genoa at least until the 1280s. The flag now known as the "St. George's Cross" seems to have replaced it as Genoa's main flag at some point during the 14th century. The Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms (c. 1385) shows it, inscribed with the word iustiçia , and described as: And the lord of this place has as his ensign a white pennant with
6969-440: The floods of 2010, 2011 and 2014, with the reconstruction and expansion of the coverage of the Bisagno stream . Furthermore, work began for the completion of the underground stream channel of the Ferreggiano river, which flooded several times in various floods, including the most tragic one in 1970. In 2017, the architect Renzo Piano donated the design of the Levante Waterfront to the Municipality of Genoa; this project involves
7070-399: The gate, displaced the left stone pillar of the gate, and left a large crack in the base of the gate. When the Allied Powers finally took Genoa in 1945, the Villa Raggio became a military center for the Allied Powers as well, which continued this disruptive period in the conservatory's ability to operate as a school of music. The school was able to restore stability after Allied forces evacuated
7171-409: The largest naval powers of the continent and considered among the wealthiest cities in the world. It was also nicknamed la Superba ("the proud one") by Petrarch due to its glories on the seas and impressive landmarks. The city has hosted massive shipyards and steelworks since the 19th century, and its solid financial sector dates back to the Middle Ages. The Bank of Saint George , founded in 1407,
7272-667: The loss of Chios to the Ottoman Empire (1566), struck a severe blow. To help cope, Panama in the Americas was given as concession from the Spanish Empire to Genoa. The Genoese there encountered coconuts from the Philippines which drifted or were planted there by Malay seafarers before Spain came. The Spanish governor of Panama, Don Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera sailed west from the Americas and used Peruvians, and Genoese from Panama in his conquest of Muslim areas of
7373-630: The major role played by the Republic of Venice in the Fourth Crusade , Venetian trading rights were enforced in the eastern Mediterranean and Venice was able to gain control of a large portion of maritime commerce in the region. To regain control of local commerce, the Republic of Genoa allied with Michael VIII Palaiologos , emperor of Nicaea , who wanted to restore the Byzantine Empire by recapturing Constantinople . In March 1261
7474-623: The most important ports on the Mediterranean : it is currently the busiest in Italy and in the Mediterranean Sea and twelfth-busiest in the European Union . Genoa was the capital of one of the most powerful maritime republics for over seven centuries, from the 11th century to 1797. Particularly from the 12th century to the 15th century, the city played a leading role in the commercial trade in Europe, becoming one of
7575-575: The new nobility of Sicily. Corsica was formally annexed in 1347. In the 15th century two of the earliest banks in the world were founded in Genoa: the Bank of Saint George , founded in 1407, which was the oldest state deposit bank in the world at its closure in 1805 and the Monte di Pietà of Genoa founded in 1483. Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa c. 1451, and donated one-tenth of his income from
7676-438: The palazzo della Meridiana) during the 1960s. Since 1970 the Genoa Conservatory has been housed at the Villa Sauli Bombrini Doria in Albaro, Genoa. In 1977 Contilli was succeeded by conductor Gianni Ramous (b. 1930) as director of the conservatory. He was succeeded by composer Sergio Lauricella who was director from 1979 until January 1991. Canzio Bucciarelli briefly served as interim director until conductor Angelo Guaragna
7777-589: The return of the San Filippo Neri, Genoa to the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri, and the conservatory was forced to find new premises. From 1928 through 1936 the conservatory inhabited the Sant'Agostino, Genoa ; using the former sanctuary as a concert hall and transforming adjacent rooms and annexed buildings into classrooms. In 1933 the conservatory obtained the status as national conservatory of music operated by
7878-490: The school during World War II was the Royal Italian Army in the early years of the war and later the German military; organizations which frequently requisitioned the use of the school's facilities by troops which resulted in significant damage to the school's property and premises in addition to interrupting the school's ability to continue providing consistent education to its remaining pupils. In December 1942
7979-423: The school had to close longer in the colder months. Other factors resulted in the displacement of both students and staff from their lives at the conservatory such as conscription and the damage done to people and property by air raids and the bombing of Genoa in which 2,000 civilians were killed and more than 120,000 Genoese citizens were left homeless by the end of 1943. However, the most damaging influence on
8080-521: The school was renamed the Civico Istituto Musicale . In 1904 its name was changed again in honor of the composer Niccolò Paganini . Since 1933 the institution has operated as a national conservatory managed by the Ministry of Public Education of the Government of Italy . The Genoa Conservatory has been housed in several different locations during its history; often in buildings formerly used as religious spaces. Originally located in
8181-408: The school's governing organization in the two years following the end of World War II. Montani continued to lead the conservatory until his retirement during the 1950–1951 academic year when he was succeeded by composer Luigi Cortese . Cortese remained in that post until his retirement in 1964. Salvatore Pintacuda served as interim director of the conservatory from 1964 until composer Gino Contilli
8282-528: The school's initial pupils was Michele Novaro who later gained fame for composing " Il Canto degli Italiani ", the national anthem of Italy. The school's first public concert was a performance of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's Requiem led by conductor Nicolò Uccelli on 17 June 1830. It was a memorial concert following the death of one of the school's benefactors, the Italian general and former Genoese governor Ettore Veuillet d'Yenne . The Genoa Conservatory
8383-536: The sea is 17.5 °C (64 °F), from 13 °C (55 °F) in the period January–March to 25 °C (77 °F) in August. In the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 19 °C (66 °F). Genoa is also a windy city, especially during winter when northern winds often bring cool air from the Po Valley (usually accompanied by lower temperatures, high pressure and clear skies). Another typical wind blows from southeast , mostly as
8484-407: The stealing of school property such as furniture by German soldiers who took items like chairs, tables, desks, wardrobes, coat racks, etc. The German military also made changes to the electrical system of the building which damaged the lighting system in parts of the building. On 25 November 1944, a German military command truck crashed into the front gate and wall of the Villa Raggio which, unhinged
8585-497: The teaching space for all string instruments, and the teaching space for all music composition. Frequent appeals to the commanding officer Captain Nippert for more space were met with counter threats of taking away the few classrooms the school was allowed to use. In addition, Montani wrote several letters to the Italian government expressing the danger placed to the school and its students by the forced cohabitation, and also accounted
8686-643: The treaty of the alliance was signed in Nymphaeum . On 25 July 1261, Nicaean troops under Alexios Strategopoulos recaptured Constantinople. As a result, the balance of favour tipped toward Genoa, which was granted free trade rights in the Nicene Empire. The islands of Chios and Lesbos became commercial stations of Genoa as well as the city of Smyrna (Izmir). In the same century the Republic conquered many settlements in Crimea , known as Gazaria , where
8787-463: The warmest months – July and August – the average temperature is 28 °C (82 °F) during the day and 22 °C (72 °F) at night. The daily temperature range is limited, with an average range of about 6 °C (11 °F) between high and low temperatures. Genoa also sees significant moderation from the sea, in stark contrast to areas behind the Ligurian mountains such as Parma , where summers are hotter and winters are quite cold. Annually,
8888-484: The year. Annual average relative humidity is 68%, ranging from 63% in February to 73% in May. Sunshine hours total above 2,200 per year, from an average 4 hours of sunshine duration per day in winter to average 9 hours in summer. The Municipal Council of Genoa is currently led by a right-wing majority, elected in June 2022. The city of Genoa is subdivided into nine municipi (administrative districts), as approved by
8989-484: Was thoroughly sacked and burned by a Fatimid fleet under Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi . Genoa started expanding during the First Crusade . At the time the city had a population of about 10,000. Twelve galleys , one ship and 1,200 soldiers from Genoa joined the crusade. The Genoese troops, led by noblemen de Insula and Avvocato, set sail in July 1097. The Genoese fleet transported and provided naval support to
9090-515: Was annexed by France, becoming the départements of Apennins , Gênes , and Montenotte . Following the fall of Napoleon, Genoa regained ephemeral independence, with the name of the Repubblica genovese , which lasted less than a year. However, the Congress of Vienna established the annexation of the whole territories of the former Genoese Republic to the Kingdom of Sardinia , governed by
9191-493: Was appointed director in 1966. The conservatory purchased the Villa Sauli Bombrini Doria in Albaro in 1962 with the intent of moving into the premises. Repairs and necessary alterations to that building prevented the school from moving into that location for several years, and the inadequacies of the Villa Raggio required that the school temporarily relocate to the Palazzo Gerolamo Grimaldi (also known as
9292-442: Was appointed to the position in January 1898 by a search committee that included composer Giacomo Puccini . Polleri remained the director for the next twenty-five years, over-seeing a period of substantial growth in which the conservatory underwent an academic transformation and earned a reputation as one of Italy's leading music conservatories. On 6 April 1904, the conservatory was renamed the "Conservatorio Niccolò Paganini " after
9393-611: Was famous, and was "used for work clothes in general". The Genoese navy equipped its sailors with jeans, as they needed a fabric which could be worn wet or dry. During the Aragonese–Genoese War , Genoa was besieged and sacked by Guillem de Cervelló. As a result of the Genoese support to the Aragonese rule in Sicily , Genoa was granted free trading and export rights in the Kingdom. Genoese bankers also profited from loans to
9494-519: Was first located in a now demolished building near the Chiesa di Nostra Signora delle Grazie in the Molo neighborhood of Genoa, and in November 1834 the school moved into the premises of the former monastery attached to that church. In January 1849 Antonio Costa died and he bequeathed his significant music library, collection of musical instruments, and other items, such as furniture, to the city of Genoa. Costa's musical manuscripts are still part of
9595-620: Was founded as the Scuola Gratuita di Canto in 1829 by Antonio Costa. Originally the school was created as a private institution with the intent of training singers who were performing in operas at the Teatro Carlo Felice . Instrumental music instruction was added in the school's second year of operation, and in 1830 the school's name was changed to the Istituto di Musica – Scuola gratuita di Canto e Strumentale. One of
9696-533: Was founded in 1829 as the Scuola Gratuita di Canto , and was originally intended as a private institution to train singers performing at the Teatro Carlo Felice . When instrumental music instruction was added in 1830 the school's name was changed to the Istituto di Musica – Scuola gratuita di Canto e Strumentale . After evolving into a public music conservatory operated by the Government of Genoa in 1849,
9797-541: Was founded. From 1935 to 1940 Torre Piacentini was built in Genoa. It was one of the first skyscrapers built in Europe and, until 1954, the tallest habitable building in Italy. In 1956 Genoa took part in the Regatta of the Historical Marine Republics . In 1962 Genoa International Boat Show was established. In 1966 Euroflora was established. In 1970 Genoa was hit by a serious flood, which caused
9898-536: Was hosted in the city of Genoa; however, it was overshadowed by violent protests ( Anti-globalisation movement ), with one protester killed. In 2003, the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) was established. In 2004, the European Union designated Genoa as the European Capital of Culture for that year, along with the French city of Lille . In 2015, work began to secure the Genoa area, hit by
9999-454: Was once again consulted in the selection process of a new director for the Genoa Conservatory, and upon his recommendation the composer, conductor, and pianist Vincenzo Maria Noberasco succeeded De Ferrari as director in 1885. In 1896 Carlo Del Signore succeeded Noberasco as director following Noberasco's death. Del Signore died eight months into his tenure as director, and he was succeeded by composer Giovanni Battista Polleri (1855–1923) who
10100-587: Was the final act that led to the fall of the Republic in early June, who overthrew the old elites which had ruled the state for all of its history, giving birth to the Ligurian Republic on 14 June 1797, under the watchful care of Napoleonic France. After Bonaparte's seizure of power in France, a more conservative constitution was enacted, but the Ligurian Republic's life was short—in 1805 it
10201-429: Was then located at another former church, the Sant'Agostino, Genoa , from 1928 to 1936. The school relocated to the Villa Raggio in the Albaro neighborhood until it was forced to evacuate temporarily to the Villa Saluzzo Serra art museum in the Genoese neighborhood of Nervi during World War II for safety reasons. It returned to the Villa Raggio during the war only to be forced to cohabitate with military forces when
#193806