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33-662: Palinuro lies on the southern side of Cilento , on the Tyrrhenian Sea and in the northern part of Cape Palinuro . The town, situated at the estuaries of the Lambro and Mingardo rivers, is also the main port of the comune . It is 7 km from Centola, 8 km from Marina di Camerota , 10 km from Pisciotta and 80 km from Salerno . Palinuro is part of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park , an area of " shrubland " typical of Mediterranean countries. It

66-401: A "circular" figure, thus, the beginning becomes the end, though indirectly, through infinite gates of media or moments. Melissus contends that The One is unlimited. Fragments 7 and 8 apparently indicate that Melissus is speaking in terms of spatial infinity, although regarding fragment 3, which first argues this point, Simplicius explicitly denies this: “But by ‘magnitude’ he does not mean what

99-512: A blend of 60-65% Fiano , 20-30% Trebbiano , 10-15% of Greco and/or Malvasia bianca with up to 10% of other local white varieties. The roses are blends of 70-80% Sangiovese , 10-15% of Piedirosso and/or Primitivo and up to 10% of other local red grape varieties. A separate varietal Aglianico can also be produced under the Cilento DOC provided that at least 85% of the wine is Aglianico with Primitivo and/or Piedirosso permitted to fill in

132-533: Is a tourist destination, especially in summer , due to the cleanliness of its waters and its beaches; and is regularly awarded five stars Blue Flag The town is also known for the caves along its coast, which are regularly visited, especially by divers . The town is linked to Salerno and Naples by hydrofoils . The nearest main road is 10 km to the north, connecting Salerno - Battipaglia - Paestum - Agropoli - Vallo della Lucania - Policastro - Sapri . The nearest railway station , Pisciotta-Palinuro (on

165-451: Is a stretch of coastline situated in the gulfs of Salerno and Policastro , extending in 16 municipalities; from Capaccio-Paestum in the north-west to Sapri in the south-east. Cilento was part of ancient Lucania , and its language is influenced by Lucanian. In the north of Cilento the dialect is more influenced by Neapolitan , but in the south it has many similarities with Sicilian . Italian wine , red, white and rose , under

198-401: Is as follows: In fragment 9.7-10 Melissus makes the argument for motionless with the qualities of full and empty. He states that The One is full, because if it were empty it would be nothing, and what is nothing doesn’t exist. He then states that because The One is full, it can’t move. The argument is as follows: and further: In fragment 5, Melissus makes the remarkable claim that The One

231-434: Is as follows: This argument, as fragment 3, is logically flawed, being basically: “If not-A, then not-B”. Melissus’s argument for the oneness of what-is, given mainly in fragments 7 and 8, is undoubtedly his best. His argument is clearer and more concise than the one provided by Parmenides. Melissus argues that, because what-is is unlimited, it must also be one, because if it were more than one it would have limits (namely,

264-408: Is based on a dubious premise (i.e., that whatever comes to be must also end at some point). Furthermore, both arguments, which can be reduced to “If A, then B; but not-A, therefore not-B”, are logically flawed. It seems that both Parmenides and Melissus had in mind a mathematical figure of Time, though, for Parmenides, arithmetical and for Melissus, geometrical . Parmenides seems to mean that there

297-434: Is extended in space.” Simplicius undoubtedly had more of Melissus’s treatise at his disposal, as well as other commentaries and notes which have not survived to the present day. In any case, Melissus’s argument for this claim is unclear, and it is possible that it has not been preserved for us. Alternatively, he may intend for this argument to follow from the arguments of fragments 1 and 2, either directly or indirectly. In

330-461: Is full have no thickness? McKirahan offers an interesting interpretation for what Melissus may have been arguing. A body not only has extension, but also limits, and something infinitely large, such as The One, is unlimited; an object, then, with no limits, is not a body. Furthermore, thickness is simply the measure of the distance between a body’s limits. Since The One is unlimited, it cannot have thickness. Melissus's version of Eleatic philosophy

363-520: Is in this respect that Melissus differs from Parmenides, although some argue that the difference is not as important as it might seem. Parmenides’s view is that there is only one moment (the eternal present), while Melissus argues for an infinite number of moments. The existence of a changeless, motionless, eternal present is an arguable position (as Time, by its nature, is merely made by change and motion and that, there would exist no such thing as Time if there were no change in quality or quantity); however,

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396-464: Is incorporeal. Just as his insistence that The One is unlimited, this claim may also be his attempt to address a potential problem inherent in Parmenides’s philosophy (8.42–9). His argument is as follows: This argument, on the surface, does not coincide with Melissus's claim that The One is extended and full. After all, why can something that is extended not have any parts, and how can something that

429-401: Is limited, while Melissus claims that it is wholly unlimited; and (2) for Parmenides, Being existed in a timeless Present, while for Melissus Being is eternal. McKirahan claims that Parmenides argues for Being as spatially limited, but this is a contentious point. Melissus argues that since The One neither came to be nor is subject to destruction, it is therefore eternal. While fragment 1

462-500: Is merely a summary of Parmenides’s arguments against coming to be and perishing (8.5–21), fragment 2 provides Melissus’s argument. Melissus’s argument is twofold, addressing the temporal aspect of The One somewhat as a timeline: granting the reality of the present moment, he argues that The One has existed eternally into the past and will exist eternally into the future. His argument is as follows: in addition: He restates his argument for The One as eternal in fragments 6 and 9.1. It

495-459: Is no end to the quantity of numbers, but the number "One" exists in all of them regardless of how great a number might become, so every other number is dependent upon the number "one", therefore, every other number is just the repetition of this "one", accumulated upon itself so there's only and only "one" continuous moment; but Melissus took the number "one" to not be accumulated atop of itself but rather being juxtaposed next to itself in order to form

528-708: Is not provided in the second-hand report by Pseudo-Aristotle; however, the quality of wholeness is a major claim in Parmenides’s thesis, and it is likely that Melissus either made the argument for this point in a fragment that has not come down to us or expected it to be understood or inferred from his other arguments. Melissus argues that The One cannot undergo any change. He specifically states that The One cannot be rearranged, become greater or smaller, or undergo any kind of distress, but we may safely expand his argument to include all kinds of change. If The One underwent any kind of change whatsoever, it would become different and thus would no longer be unified or whole. His argument

561-401: Is possible for one, single thing to have different parts: a human has a head, a body, two arms and two legs, but it is still one human. In most respects, Melissus is following in Parmenides’s footsteps, and so it is likely that Melissus is arguing for the same type of unity as Parmenides, namely, that The One is completely unified, with no parts to subdivide it. His argument is as follows: This

594-512: Is steeped in Greek mythology and legends , as in the names of some towns , which is also visible in the remains of the colonies of Velia (ancient Elea) and Paestum (ancient Poseidonia). Velia was also the seat of " Eleatics ", a school of pre-Socratic philosophers as Parmenides , Zeno of Elea and Melissus of Samos ). Cilento comes by the Latin word Cis Alentum , meaning "On this side of

627-818: Is unlimited, it must also be one. Not much information remains regarding the life of Melissus. He may have been born around 500 BC; the date of his death is unknown. The little which is known about him is mostly gleaned from a small passage in Plutarch’s Life of Pericles . He was the commander of the Samian fleet in the Samian War , and defeated Pericles and the Athenian fleet in 440 BC. Plutarch claims that Aristotle says that Melissus had also defeated Pericles in an earlier battle. In his Life of Themistocles , Plutarch denies Stesimbrotos’s claim that Melissus

660-484: The Alento ". In the 1990s it was proposed to make Cilento a new province of Campania . This proposal has never come near to implementation; in particular there was the difficulty of choosing an administrative centre. The four candidates were Vallo della Lucania (in the most central position), Agropoli (the largest town, situated in the north), Sala Consilina (the most populous town of Vallo di Diano) and Sapri (in

693-638: The Naples - Reggio Calabria line) is 8 km to the north and is linked to the town by regular buses . The Arco Naturale beach of Palinuro was selected as a location in various films including Jason and the Argonauts (1963), Hercules and the Captive Women, and Clash of the Titans. Cilento Cilento ( Italian: [tʃi.len.to] ) is an Italian geographical region of Campania in

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726-557: The Alburni mountains and Vallo di Diano , sometimes considered as part of Cilentan geographical region, which has in Sala Consilina its largest center. The most important towns in this area are Vallo della Lucania (in the middle), Sapri and Agropoli : this is the largest town of Cilento and the principal harbour . Most of this area is included in "Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park". Moio Della Civitella The region

759-453: The Cilento DOC appellation comes from this area. Grapes destined for DOC product must be harvested to a maximum yield of 12 tonnes / hectare with the finished red wines fermented to a minimum alcohol level of 11.5% and the whites and roses fermented to 11%. Red Cilento wines are a blend of 60-70% Aglianico , 15-20% of Piedirosso and/or Primitivo , 10-20% Barbera and up to 10% of other local red grape varieties . The whites are

792-617: The Heavens , and several summaries of his philosophy have come down to us. Most of the remaining fragments can be found in Diels–Kranz . Unlike Parmenides, Melissus wrote his treatise in prose, not poetry, consequently making it easier to follow than that of his teacher. Like Parmenides, he claims that Being is one, ungenerated, indestructible, indivisible, changeless, motionless and the same. Melissus’s philosophy differs from that of Parmenides in two respects: (1) Parmenides claims that Being

825-406: The boundaries between what-is and the other existing objects). His argument is founded on the premises that what-is is both spatially and temporally unlimited and is as follows: In On Melissus, Xenophanes and Gorgias , Pseudo-Aristotle states that Melissus made a claim that The One is qualitatively the same. The validity of the argument depends on the nature of unity intended by Melissus. It

858-671: The central and southern part of the province of Salerno and an important tourist area of southern Italy . Cilento is known as one of the centers of Mediterranean diet . The coast of Cilento is located on the Tyrrhenian Sea , stretching from Paestum to the Gulf of Policastro , near the town of Sapri . Most of the touristic destinations in the coast are frazioni (hamlets) of comuni (municipalities) whose seats are inland; examples include Santa Maria di Castellabate , Acciaroli , Velia , Palinuro , Marina di Camerota , Scario and Policastro Bussentino . The inner boundaries are

891-531: The centre of southern Cilento, with the most important railway station). Another more recent proposal was to move Cilento from Campania to Basilicata , as a third province together with the existing provinces of Potenza and Matera . In 1991, Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park was instituted to preserve the landscape and promote tourism. In 1998, the park became a World Heritage Site of UNESCO . The Cilentan Coast, or Costiera Cilentana in Italian ,

924-484: The existence of a changeless, motionless, infinite succession of moments is a much more difficult position to defend as moments are distinguished from one another by the change in quality or quantity of the one space that they exist within, otherwise, there would have been an infinite number of moments of the same quality and quantity, which is, in actuality, one continuous moment as Parmenides argued. There are several problems with Melissus’s reasoning. His second argument

957-531: The former case, unless the argument is based on a now lost theory on the relationship between time and space, it is, as McKirahan says, “grossly fallacious”. In the latter case, granting the “beginning” and “end” of fragment 2 spatial as well as temporal qualities leaves Melissus open to the charge of equivocation. In fragment 6 Melissus connects an eternal existence and the quality of being unlimited. Melissus may have argued for this quality due to certain issues arising in Parmenides’s thesis (8.42-9). The argument

990-414: The remainder and that the wine is aged at least one year before it is released. Melissus of Samos Melissus of Samos ( / m ə ˈ l ɪ s ə s / ; Ancient Greek : Μέλισσος ὁ Σάμιος ; fl.  5th century BC ) was the third and last member of the ancient school of Eleatic philosophy , whose other members included Zeno and Parmenides . Little is known about his life, except that he

1023-439: Was held in high regard by Themistocles, claiming that he is confusing Themistocles and Pericles. Melissus was reputed to have been the pupil of Parmenides , and the teacher of Leucippus , though one must regard such claims with a fair amount of skepticism. Much of what remains of Melissus’s philosophical treatise, later titled On Nature , has been preserved by Simplicius in his commentaries on Aristotle’s Physics and On

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1056-408: Was the chief source for its presentation in the works of Plato and Aristotle . Aristotle characterised Melissus's work as "a bit crude" and stated that Melissus made "invalid arguments starting from false assumptions". The later Peripatetic philosopher, Aristocles of Messene, also had little admiration for Melissus, calling several of his arguments "absurd". Melissus has fared somewhat better in

1089-461: Was the commander of the Samian fleet in the Samian War . Melissus’s contribution to philosophy was a treatise of systematic arguments supporting Eleatic philosophy. Like Parmenides, he argued that reality is ungenerated, indestructible, indivisible, changeless, and motionless. In addition, he sought to show that reality is wholly unlimited, and infinitely extended in all directions; and since existence

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