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66-530: Palode is a town in Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala . Palode town is 35 km (22 mi) from Thiruvananthapuram city and 17 km (11 mi) from Nedumangad municipality.There is a Helipad in palode. Palode is surrounded by Western Ghats . Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute is situated near Palode. Mankayam Ecotourism near Brimore

132-419: A literacy rate of 92.66%. 53.66% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 11.30% and 0.81% of the population respectively. Hindus (66.46%) constitute the majority of the population, followed by Christians (19.10%) and Muslims (13.72%). The Hindu community consists of Nairs , Nadars , Tamil Brahmins , Ezhavas , Viswakarma etc. The Christians belong mainly to

198-486: A tropical area while winter precipitation remains sufficient to preclude a hot semi-arid climate ( BSh ) and temperatures in the summer months are warm enough to preclude a Mediterranean climate ( Csa/Csb ) classification. This is the case East Africa (Mombasa, Kenya, Somalia), Sri Lanka ( Trincomalee ) and coastal regions of Northeastern Brazil (from São Luís through Natal to Maceió ), for instance. The difference between "summer" and "winter" in such tropical locations

264-401: A tropical savanna climate tends to either see less overall rainfall than a tropical monsoon climate or have more pronounced dry season(s). It is impossible for a tropical savanna climate to have more than 2,500 mm (98 in) as such would result in a negative value in that equation. In tropical savanna climates, the dry season can become severe, and often drought conditions prevail during

330-739: Is 11 km (6.8 mi) away. Brimore has tea estate and plantations make Palode a gateway for tourism destination. Thenmala is 38 km (24 mi) from Palode and Ponmudi hills is 35 km. Palode is a town in Thiruvananthapuram - Thenmala - Shenkottai State Highway 2 (Kerala) . Tenkasi is 75 km (47 mi) from Palode. Palode is a town located in Nedumangad Taluk of Thiruvananthapuram district in Kerala. Place of Interest and Tourism near Palode are Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden, Mankayam Ecotourism, Brimore Tourism, Lower Meenmutty Hydel Tourism Centre Nanniyode. Palode

396-430: Is 35 km (22 mi), Kollam is 66 km (41 mi) and Tenkasi is 75 km (47 mi). Main places near by Palode is Madathara 13 km (8.1 mi), Kallara is 17 km (11 mi), Vithura is 14 km (8.7 mi) and Kulathupuzha 28 km (17 mi). Palode can be reached by roads from most parts of Kerala. MC Road (State Highway 1) connected by Karette-Kallara-Palode bus route. Nearest airport

462-598: Is 4 km (2.5 mi) from Palode in Meenmutty is related to Lower Meenmutty dam . The lower Meenmutty Hydel Tourism project is the only project working under KSEB in the southern Kerala. The center is surrounded by forest, on the shores of the Vamanapuram river. Boating is a common activity at this destination. Another attraction is the garden. Lower Meenmutty Hydel tourism centre has an amusement zone for children and boating, namely pedal boats and slow boats. There

528-589: Is Thiruvananthapuram International Airport (TRV) - 35 km (22 mi) Cochin International Airport - 225 km (140 mi) There is a helipad in Palode. There is no railway lines pass through Palode. Proposed Sabari railway line stations in phase -3 there will be a station in Palode. Nearest railway station near Palode are: Mankayam is about 45 km (28 mi) northeast of Thiruvananthapuram City, 11 km (6.8 mi) from Palode on

594-403: Is a 900-acre tea, rubber and coffee estate 13 km (8.1 mi) from Palode town it was established by British in 1880. Brimore is one of the best trekking spots in Kerala and lies at a height of 300 metres (980 ft) above sea level. The forest check post at Mankayam waterfalls requires a payment of Rs 25 per vehicle. Most attractions near Brimore The lower Meenmutty Hydel Tourism centre

660-777: Is a major academic hub. The University of Kerala is in Thiruvananthapuram city. There are 20 arts and sciences colleges in the district, and the estimated total number of students is 15,926. The University of Kerala has its research and higher-education centres at Kariavattom . Tropical savanna climate This latter fact is in a direct contrast to a tropical monsoon climate , whose driest month sees less than 60 mm (2.4 in) of precipitation but has more than 100 − ( Total Annual Precipitation (mm) 25 ) {\textstyle 100-\left({\frac {\text{Total Annual Precipitation (mm)}}{25}}\right)} of precipitation. In essence,

726-612: Is a major state government emporium marketing products of Kerala's handicraft industries . The Neyyar Irrigation Project, commissioned in 1959, irrigates an area of 116.65 km (45.0 sq mi). The Neyyar river is the source of water for the Neyyar reservoir . The dam is 294.13 metres (965.0 ft) long and 50.6 metres (166.0 ft) high. The catchment draining into the reservoir, covering an area of 140 km (54 sq mi) of forest, receives an annual average rainfall of about 2,260 mm (90 in) 2260 mm from

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792-399: Is a small dam in lower Meenmutty Hydel. Palode has a climate that lies on the border between a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen Aw ) and a tropical monsoon climate ( Am ). As a result, its only distinct seasons relate to rainfall rather than temperature. The mean maximum temperature is 34 °C (93 °F) and the mean minimum temperature is 21 °C (70 °F). The humidity

858-561: Is a small hamlet on the foothills of the Western Ghats covered by Rubber plantations and Forest. Vamanapuram river passes through Palode. Palode is surrounded by Peringammala, Nanniyode and Pangode Panchayath. Palode is well connected to major cities in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Thiruvananthapuram-Thenmala SH-2 passes through Palode. Kerala state road transport corporation have a bus depot in Palode connects major towns and villages in Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam District. Thiruvananthapuram

924-409: Is a town located in Nedumangad Taluk of Thiruvananthapuram district in Kerala. Palode population in 2023 is estimated to be 18,205.   Palode had a population of 14,922 in 2011 with 7,005 males and 7,917 females. Total female population is 53.1%. Scheduled Tribe population is 4.2%. Scheduled caste population is 10.1%. Total Literacy rate is 84.3% (2011). Working population of Palode is 38.8%. Palode

990-994: Is about 1,827.7 mm (72 in) per annum. The southwest monsoon, from June to September is the principal rainy season, during which the district receives most of its annual rainfall. The second rainy season is the Northeast monsoon , from October to November. The district also experiences thunderstorm rains in the pre-monsoon months of April and May. December to February are the coolest months. The average temperature drops to 69 °F (20 °C) in these months, generally considered India's winter season . The summer season starts in February and continues until May. The average temperature rises to 95 °F (35 °C) in these months. The media and information technology sectors are mainstays of Thiruvananthapuram district's economy, and other major sectors are tourism and leisure , agriculture, and education. India's first animation park,

1056-615: Is available in the district, including hill stations, the Kerala backwaters , beaches, lagoons, and wildlife sanctuaries. Kovalam & Varkala and its internationally known beaches are in Thiruvananthapuram district. Thiruvananthapuram is a major destination for chartered flights to India for medical tourism , with over fifty recognized Ayurveda centres in and around the city. The city also offers world-class modern hospitals. Convalescent facilities are available at nearby five-star beach resorts and hill stations. Thiruvananthapuram district

1122-504: Is forested, northern regions are mostly under rubber cultivation and the remaining areas grow mixed dry-land crops of coconut, plantain, and tapioca, among others. Built-up areas and rice fields complete the land use pattern. The name Thiruvananthapuram, shared by the district and its headquarters city, comes from the Malayalam / Tamil word "Thiru" and Sanskrit word "anantha-pura", meaning "Abode of Lord Anantha". The name derives from

1188-488: Is high and rises to about 75% during the monsoon season. Palode has south-west monsoons and gets its first showers in early June. The city receives heavy rainfall of around 1,827 mm (71.9 in) per year. Palode gets rain from the receding north-east monsoons which hit the October. The dry season sets in by December. The lowest temperature recorded in the city core was 17.8 °C (64.0 °F) on 6 January 1974 and

1254-528: Is located between 8°10′N 76°25′E  /  8.17°N 76.41°E  / 8.17; 76.41 and 8°32′N 77°10′E  /  8.54°N 77.17°E  / 8.54; 77.17 . At the southernmost extremity of the district, Kaliyikkavila is 54 kilometres (34 mi) from Kanyakumari , the southernmost point on the Indian peninsula. 33.75% of the district population lives in urban areas. The district has three major rivers, several freshwater lakes, and over 300 ponds. Its eastern region

1320-547: Is the southernmost district in the Indian state of Kerala . The district was created in 1949, with its headquarters in the city of Thiruvananthapuram , which is also Kerala's administrative centre. The present district was created in 1956 by separating the four southernmost Taluks of the erstwhile district to form Kanyakumari district . The city of Thiruvananthapuram is also known as the Information technology capital of

1386-564: Is the highest in Kerala, with 1,509 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,910/sq mi). The district is divided into six subdistricts : Thiruvananthapuram , Chirayinkeezhu , Neyyattinkara , Nedumangadu , Varkala , and Kattakada . The urban bodies in the district are the Thiruvananthapuram Corporation , and the Varkala , Neyyattinkara , Attingal , and Nedumangad municipalities. Thiruvananthapuram district

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1452-475: Is the predominant mother tongue. Tamil is mostly spoken in the southern parts of the district and among the Tamil population in the capital city especially by Nadars and Tamil Brahmins and various other Tamil communities. Thiruvananthapuram city is more cosmopolitan, with speakers of languages including Malayalam , Tamil , English , Telugu , Hindi , Tulu and a small percentage of Marathi . More than 50% of

1518-499: Is today a center of attraction for devotees and sightseers. The city was the capital of the Travancore state from 18th century CE until India's independence . The Thiruvananthapuram Municipality came into existence in 1920 as the first municipality in Travancore region. After two decades, during the reign of Sree Chithira Thirunal , Thiruvananthapuram Municipality was converted into Corporation on 30 October 1940. Consequent to

1584-501: Is usually so slight that a distinction between an As and Aw climate is trivial. In most places that have tropical wet and dry climates, however, the dry season occurs during the time of lower sun and shorter days because of reduction of or lack of convection , which in turn is due to the meridional shifts of the Intertropical Convergence Zone during the entire course of the year, based on which hemisphere

1650-458: The 2011 census Thiruvananthapuram district has a population of 3,301,427. This gives it a ranking of 103rd in India out of a total of 640 districts. The district has a population density of 1,509 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,910/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 2.25%. Thiruvananthapuram has a sex ratio of 1088 females for every 1000 males, and

1716-537: The Beemapally Uroos , and the Vettucaud Perunaal . The district has a rich diversity of plants, ranging from rare orchids , medicinal plants , and spices to hedge plants, tuber crops, and plants yielding edible fruits and fibre. Aromatic plants and spices, such as pepper and ginger , are cultivated on a large scale on the hilly tracts. Nedumangad taluk is one of the biggest centres for

1782-923: The Catholic Church (including the Latin Church , Syro-Malankara Catholic Church , the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church ), Pentecostal churches, the Church of South India , the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church , and the Mar Thoma Syrian Church . The Sunni Muslim community also forms a major division of the Muslim population of the district. TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Languages of Thiruvananthapuram district (2011) Malayalam

1848-650: The Guajira , and Coro, western Venezuela, the northernmost peninsulas in South America, which receive <300 mm (11.8 in) total annual precipitation, practically all in two or three months). This condition extends to the Lesser Antilles and Greater Antilles forming the Circumcaribbean dry belt. The length and severity of the dry season diminishes inland (southward); at the latitude of

1914-799: The Kinfra Animation Park , is in the district. Thiruvananthapuram district has 2 central-sector, 14 state-sector, 1 co-operative-sector, 4 joint-sector, and 60 private-sector medium- and large-scale enterprises. As of 31 March 2003, Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation (KSIDC) units employed 9,262 people, and had invested Rs. 3439.4 million. In 2002, there were 901 registered working factories, including oil mills, cashew factories, Cotton mills , Sawmills , printing units , rubber industrial units, chemical units, match factories, general engineering units, and automobile workshops. The Shree Mulam Thirunal Shashtiabdapoorthy Memorial Institute (S.M.S.M. Institute) in Thiruvananthapuram city

1980-962: The Technopark , is an advanced film and animation production facility. Other major cultural events include the annual flower show in Thiruvananthapuram city, the Attukal Pongala , the Varkala Sivagiri pilgrimage in December, the Kaalioottu in Sarkara Devi Temple near Chirayinkeezh, the Navarathri festival at the Poojamandapam near Sri Padmanabha Swamy Temple, the Aaraat of Padmanabha Swamy Temple ,

2046-647: The Western Ghats , a wildlife sanctuary extends over an area of nearly 777 square kilometres (300 sq mi) around the Neyyar reservoir . The forest at the foot of the Kulathupuzha range is the habitat of rare species of snakes and lizards. Among characteristic mammals of the region are the Nilgiri langur , lion-tailed macaque , Nilgiri brown mongoose , and the Malabar civet . Carnivores include

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2112-477: The 20th century, Thiruvananthapuram witnessed a cultural renaissance. Kerala Varma Valiakoi Thampuran (1845–1914), who spent a major part of his life in Thiruvananthapuram, translated Kalidasa 's Abhijñānaśākuntalam into Malayalam, which earned him the title of Kerala Kalidasa . He is regarded as the father of modern Malayalam prose. The city is home to animation companies, including Toonz India Ltd and Tata Elxsi Ltd . The Kinfra Film and Video Park , near

2178-624: The Amazon river—which flows eastward, just south of the equatorial line—the climate is Af. East from the Andes, between the arid Caribbean and the ever-wet Amazon, are the Orinoco river Llanos or savannas , from where this climate takes its name. Sometimes As is used in place of Aw if the dry season occurs during the time of higher sun and longer days. This is typically due to a rain shadow effect that cuts off ITCZ-triggered summer precipitation in

2244-640: The Ayyappa temple. for the family deity, Sastha or Ayyapan. Velu Thampi Dalawa held meetings at Kilimanoor palace while planning uprisings against the British. He handed over his sword at the palace before going into his final battle against the British, and India's first President, Dr Rajendra Prasad received this sword from the palace and it was kept in the National Museum in Delhi . Afterwards

2310-584: The Cheras, Cholas , and the Pandyas . Present-day Thiruvananthapuram city, district, and Kanyakumari district , were ruled by the Ay dynasty during ancient and medieval ages, which was a Tamil kingdom based in the southernmost part of Indian Subcontinent. Ay kingdom had experienced attacks and conquests by Cholas and Pandyas in various periods. Later it became a part of Venad in late Middle Ages, which

2376-542: The Deshinganadu King, attacked Venad, an army from Kilimanoor resisted and then defeated them. Although a small victory, this was the first time an Indian army had defeated a European power. In 1753, in recognition of this feat, Marthanda Varma exempted the areas controlled by the Kilimanoor palace from taxes, and granted them autonomous status. The present palace complex was built at this time, together with

2442-542: The Father of modern Travancore . In the early 18th century CE, the Travancore royal family adopted some members from the royal family of Kolathunadu (a long separated younger sister dynasty of Ay/Venad/Thiruvithamkur with whom they had the tradition of mutual adoption of heirs for centuries) based in Kannur . Thiruvananthapuram was known as a great center of intellectual and artistic activity at this time. Travancore became

2508-650: The Royal house of Venad . Ittammar Raja's sister and her sons, Rama Varma and Raghava Varma, settled in Kilimanoor and married the now adopted sisters. Marthanda Varma , the founder of the Kingdom of Travancore , was the son of Raghava Varma. The nephew of Raghava Varma, Ravi Varma Koil Thampuran, married the sister of Marthanda Varma. Their son became known as Dharma Raja Kartika Thirunnal Rama Varma. In 1740 when an allied force, led by Dutchman Captain Hockert supporting

2574-466: The State, since it is home to the first and largest IT park in India, Technopark , established in 1990. The district is home to more than 9% of total population of the state. The district covers an area of 2,192 square kilometres (541,655 acres). At the 2011 census, it had a population of 3,301,427, making it the second most populous district in Kerala after Malappuram district . Its population density

2640-421: The course of the year. Tropical savanna climates often feature tree-studded grasslands due to its dryness, rather than thick jungle. It is this widespread occurrence of tall, coarse grass (called savanna) which has led to Aw and As climates often being referred to as the tropical savanna. However, there is some doubt whether tropical grasslands are climatically induced. Additionally, pure savannas, without trees, are

2706-414: The cultivation and trade of pepper and other hill produce. A major portion of the district lies on the middle plain, where coconut, rice, tapioca, tuber crops, plantains , and vegetables are cultivated. The forests of the district abound in a variety of animals and birds, providing excellent wildlife habitats. Elephants, bison , monkeys , and rare reptiles are among the most prominent species. Nestled in

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2772-568: The deity of the Hindu temple at the center of Thiruvananthapuram city. Anantha is another name of Vishnu, the deity of Sree Padmanabhaswamy temple . The district's official name in English was Trivandrum until 1991, when the government reinstated the city's original name, Thiruvananthapuram, in all languages. The city of Thiruvananthapuram features several landmarks with regards to ancient tradition, folklore, and literature. Several other locations in

2838-641: The district feature similar landmarks. The Chera dynasty governed the area of Malabar Coast between Kanyakumari in the south to Kasaragod in the north. This included Palakkad Gap , Coimbatore , Salem , and Kolli Hills . The region around Coimbatore served as the eastern entrance to the Palakkad Gap , the mountain pass that is the principal trade route between the Malabar Coast and Tamil Nadu . The southernmost region of present-day Malabar coast (the coastal belt between Kanyakumari and Kollam)

2904-498: The district is divided into two revenue divisions: Thiruvananthapuram and Nedumangad, each headed by a Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) or Sub Collector, who is also the Sub Divisional Magistrate . The district is divided into two revenue divisions which together incorporate six Taluks , each of which is headed by a Tehsildar , within them. Thiruvananthapuram district is divided into 124 revenue villages for

2970-752: The district is operated by Southern Railway zone of Indian Railways . Thiruvananthapuram is connected to the rest of the country by broad gauge railway line. 82 km (51 mi) of railway line passes through the district. Thiruvananthapuram district currently has 20 stations, including Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station . Domestic and international airlines operate from Thiruvananthapuram International Airport , which has direct flights to many international cities, including Kuwait City , Dubai , Dammam , Singapore , Malé , Colombo , Sharjah , Muscat , Manama , Doha , Jeddah , and Abu Dhabi . Domestic flights link it with Chennai , Delhi , Mumbai , Hyderabad , Bangalore , and Kolkata . According to

3036-631: The ease and decentralisation of its revenue administration. They are further incorporated into 6 taluks as eludicated below. Thiruvananthapuram district sees a dynamic political landscape with major alliances led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the Indian National Congress . The Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by CPI(M), and the United Democratic Front (UDF), led by Congress, dominate

3102-613: The exception rather than the rule. There are generally four types of tropical savanna climates: Tropical savanna climates are most commonly found in Africa , Asia , Central America , and South America . The climate is also prevalent in sections of northern Australia , the Pacific Islands, in extreme southern North America in south Florida , and some islands in the Caribbean . Most places that have this climate are found at

3168-532: The highest temperature was 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) on 4 April 2007. Climate data Palode (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012) (96.4) (97.3) (99.9) (100.4) (96.4) (96.4) (92.7) (93.2) (95.7) (95.4) (93.7) (95.9) (100.4) (93.9) (94.6) (95.7) (95.2) (94.3) (91.0) (89.8) (90.1) (91.4) (91.0) (91.6) (93.4) (96.6) (90.3) (91.0) (92.3) (91.9) (90.7) Thiruvananthapuram district Thiruvananthapuram District ( IPA: [t̪iɾuʋɐnɐn̪d̪ɐpuɾɐm] )

3234-537: The most dominant state in Kerala by defeating the powerful Zamorin of Kozhikode in the battle of Purakkad in 1755. The temple of Vishnu reclining on Anantha, the Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple , is the most recognizable and iconic landmark of the city and the district and dates back to the 16th century. In addition to the presiding deity of Padmanabha , this temple contains several shrines, dedicated to Krishna , Narasimha , Ganesha , and Ayyappa . It

3300-666: The north, covering a distance of 80 km (50 mi) within the district. The Main Central Road covers a distance of 55 km (34 mi), passing through Kesavadasapuram , Vembayam , Venjaramoodu , Kilimanoor , and Nilamel in the north. The Kerala Public Works Department maintains some 1,552 km (964 mi) of road in the district. Local bodies are responsible for the maintenance of 9,500 km (5,900 mi) of road. There are 116 bridges in Thiruvananthapuram District. Rail transport in

3366-780: The outer margins of the tropical zone , but occasionally an inner-tropical location (e.g., San Marcos , Antioquia , Colombia ) also qualifies. Similarly, the Caribbean coast, eastward from the Gulf of Urabá on the Colombia – Panamá border to the Orinoco river delta , on the Atlantic Ocean (ca. 4,000 km (2,485 mi)), have long dry periods (the extreme is the BSh climate (see below), characterized by very low, unreliable precipitation, present, for instance, in extensive areas in

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3432-694: The recommendations of the State Reorganization Commission, the Vilavancode subdistrict of Thiruvananthapuram was merged with Tamil Nadu , along with another three southern subdistricts, Thovala, Agastheewaram, and Kalkulam from Travancore which eventually formed Tamil Nadu's Kanyakumari district . The state of Kerala came into being on 1 November 1956. In 1705 ( ME 880) the son and two daughters of Ittammar Raja of Parappanad royal house (originally based at Parappanangadi in present-day Malappuram district ) were adopted into

3498-765: The scene, alongside the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), led by the Bharatiya Janata Party . In the 2019 General Election, both Thiruvananthapuram and Attingal parliamentary constituencies in the Thiruvananthapuram district were won by the Indian National Congress-led United Democratic Front (UDF). In the 2021 Assembly Election, the Left Democratic Front (LDF) secured an impressive victory by winning 13 out of

3564-451: The sea coast about 32 kilometres (20 mi) north of Thiruvananthapuram city, with a view to erecting a factory and fortifying it. The location had earlier been frequented by the Dutch, then by the British. It was from here that the English gradually extended their diplomacy to other parts of Travancore . Modern history begins with Marthanda Varma (1729 CE–1758 CE), generally regarded as

3630-526: The shores of the Arabian Sea on the west. Kollam district lies to the north, with the Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari districts of Tamil Nadu to the east and south respectively. The climate of Thiruvananthapuram district is generally hot and tropical . Large forest reserves have a favorable effect on the climate and induce rains. Cold weather is experienced in the mountain ranges . Lower down,

3696-566: The sword was moved to the Napier Museum, Thiruvananthapuram. The district is located between 8°10′N 76°25′E  /  8.17°N 76.41°E  / 8.17; 76.41 and 8°32′N 77°10′E  /  8.54°N 77.17°E  / 8.54; 77.17 . The southernmost part of the city, Parassala , is just 54 kilometres (34 mi) away from the southern peninsular tip of India, Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari). The district stretches 78 kilometres (48 mi) along

3762-401: The tiger, wild cat , jackal , leopard , and dhole (Indian wild dog). The Sloth bear , gaur , a few species of deer and elephants are also seen. Reptiles include snakes, lizards, crocodiles , and tortoises . There are some 75–80 species of snakes in this area of which some are highly venomous. Tourism is a major sector of Thiruvananthapuram's economy. A full range of tourist options

3828-576: The total 14 seats in the Thiruvananthapuram district. There are two Lok Sabha constituency in Thiruvananthapuram: Attingal and Thiruvananthapuram . There are 14 Kerala Legislative Assembly seats in Thiruvananthapuram district. The major towns in these district include: There are 4 municipal towns in the district. They are: National Highway 66 (formerly known as National Highway 47 ) stretches from Kaliyikkavila at its southern end to Navaikulam near Parippally in

3894-448: The total population depends on agriculture for its livelihood. Agricultural workers constitute 42% of the total labour class. Most of the workforce is engaged in low-income, low capital intensity occupations. Political and social awareness and the efforts of social, religious and cultural leaders have contributed to breaking down the traditional feudal order. Economic changes have also had an impact on community social life and attitudes. In

3960-515: The two monsoons. The total length of the main canal and its branches is 266 km (165 mi). The headquarters of the district administration is at Kudappanakunnu , Thiruvananthapuram. The district administration is headed by the District collector . He/She is assisted by five deputy collectors with responsibility for general matters, land acquisition, revenue recovery, land reforms, disaster management and elections. For revenue administration,

4026-515: The way to Brimore. Mankayam is one of the popular eco-tourism spots in Kerala. From the hill ranges of Chemunchi the Chittar River flows down through the forest, creating a tributary in the form of the Mankayam River. The various picturesque milky cascades are the major tourist attractions at Mankayam. Among the two waterfalls are the Kalakayam and Kurissadi which among the biggest waterfalls in southern Kerala. The state forest department has come up with exclusive trekking options. Brimore Marigold Estate

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4092-407: The weather is bracing, and generally hot in the coastal regions. The mean maximum temperature is 95 °F (35 °C) and the mean minimum temperature is 69 °F (20 °C). As the district stretches from north to south, with the Arabian Sea to the west, the relative humidity is generally high. It rises to about 95% during the southwest monsoon . The total annual rainfall in the district

4158-414: Was built by King Marthanda Varma of the Travancore royal family in 1745, when he transferred the Travancore capital from Padmanabhapuram , now in neighbouring Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu . King Marthanda Varma began his reign as 'Sree Padmanabhadasa', the Servant of Sree Padmanabha. The vast temple complex, with its tall Gopuram decorated with detailed carvings reflected in a huge temple tank ,

4224-408: Was eventually expanded as the powerful kingdom of Travancore in 18th century CE. The Tamil -Dravidian kind of architecture is also found in Padmanabhaswamy temple, which makes it distinct from the architectural style of temples in Kerala in general. In 1684, during the regency of Umayamma Rani , the English East India Company acquired a sandy spit of land at Anchuthengu , near Varkala on

4290-413: Was once a stronghold of the Venad empire, a medieval kingdom that exerted much dominance in the region. However, the onset of the colonial era saw the once-mighty empire splinter into four provinces, namely Chirava, Tripappor, Ilayidam (Kottarakara), and Perakam (also called Nedumangad). Palode is located 8.7033N 77.0264E. Palode is 35 km (22 mi) northeast from Thiruvananthapuram city, Palode town

4356-402: Was ruled by the Ay dynasty , who were related to, and officially feudatories of the Cheras. The Ay Dynasty (later known as the Venad Dynasty and finally the Thiruvithamkur Dynasty), followed by the Nannan Dynasty (later known as the Mushika dynasty and finally the Kolathiri dynasty), were the two oldest and most important lineages of the Velir clan, who had very frequent intermarriages with

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